Catalogue |
Corresponding author: Marcelo Knoff ( knoffm@ioc.fiocruz.br ) Academic editor: Fredric Govedich
© 2016 Daniela A. Lopes, Adriana Mainenti, Magda Sanches, Marcelo Knoff, Delir Corrêa-Gomes.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Lopes DA, Mainenti A, Sanches M, Knoff M, Corrêa-Gomes D (2016) Type material of Platyhelminthes (Monogenoidea) housed in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute/ FIOCRUZ (CHIOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1979 to 2016. ZooKeys 616: 1-75. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.616.8481
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A catalogue of type material of monogenoids deposited in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ (
Catalogue, helminths, holotype, monogenoids, paratype
Natural history collections provide important documentary evidence of biodiversity and the information that they contain is very useful. In the case of helminthological collections, the specimens acquired have been a source not only for knowledge of helminth biodiversity, but also for parasitological studies on taxonomy, systematics and identification of causes of zoonoses. The century-old Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ (
The
Today, the
All the material is organized according to the lots, which are numbered, recorded in an entry book, and digitized into a database. They are maintained in modern steel sliding closets and in a freezer that maintains some specimens and eggs of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 (Trematoda) at -30 °C. Most of the information on the sample collections is available on the
The first and only catalogue of the type material held in the
The specimens are stored in glass or plastic vials in 70% ethanol or as microscope slide preparations. All the material is available for consultation, but holotypes are not loaned. Unless otherwise stated, all type material is in good condition.
The catalogue is arranged taxonomically as subclasses, families, genera and species, under the original spelling and combinations. Subclasses are arranged following phylogenetic order. Families, genera and species are arranged alphabetically. The information on each entry is presented in the following format:
Original genus-species combination with author(s) and year of publication. Asterisk (*) denotes the type species of the genus.
Type host: species, author(s) and principal taxonomic group in brackets.
Infestation or infection site in the host.
Type locality: country, province or state, department, specific locality and coordinates (if available).
Primary type status:
Remark sections are inserted when necessary and include additional information about host, locality or status of the types.
References include publications in which the species was described and those that mention type specimens in the
The valid names adopted for parasitized hosts follow the most recent bibliography. Fish names are present in accordance with
The following abbreviations are used in the text:
AHC
BMNH
British
CHMLP
Helminthological Collection of the
CNHE
National Collection of Helminths,
IPCAS/IPCR/ASCR Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
PC–IBPRAS
Parasitological Collection of the
UNICAMP
Collection of the
ZIAC Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
This database and bibliographic survey presents the diversity of Monogenoidea types in
It was observed that 93% of the type species of monogenoids catalogued in this Collection were parasites of bony fish. Only 12 species were parasites of cartilaginous fishes (Potamotrygonidae) and two monogenoids were parasites of turtles (Kinosternidae and Chelidae). All those samples were collected mainly in Brazil (95%), from all regions of this country. This situation could be a reflection of the large number of studies carried out on fish from Brazilian rivers and the Atlantic Ocean, and especially, of the increase in knowledge of monogenoids in Brazil that has been achieved since the late 1960s (
Auxis thazard (Lacépède, 1800) (Osteichthyes: Scombridae).
Gills.
Brazil, coastal zone of Rio de Janeiro State (22°55'S, 40°18'W).
The species is referred to as Caballerocotyla magronum (Ishii, 1936) by
Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Osteichthyes: Scombridae).
Gills.
Brazil, coastal zone of Rio de Janeiro State (22°55'S, 40°18'W).
The species is referred to as Caballerocotyla katsuwoni (Ishii, 1936) by
Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Osteichthyes: Trichiuridae).
Gills.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Guanabara Bay (23°1'52"S, 43°11'56"W).
Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839) (Osteichthyes: Scombridae).
Nasal cavities.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, off Cabo Frio (22°52'46"S, 42°01'07"W).
Other paratypes deposited in the BMNH collection.
Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782) (Osteichthyes: Ephippidae).
Gills.
Brazil, coastal zone of Rio de Janeiro State (21–23°S, 41–45°W).
Other paratype deposited in CNHE.
Iheringichthys labrosus (Lütken, 1874) (Osteichthyes: Pimelodidae).
Gills.
Brazil, upper Paraná River floodplain (22°43'S, 53°10'W).
Material deposited as Pseudovancleaveus paranaensis.
Prochilodus argenteus Spix & Agassiz, 1829 (Osteichthyes: Prochilodontidae).
Gill filaments.
Brazil, Minas Gerais State, São Francisco River near Três Marias Reservoir (18°12'32"S, 45°14'41"W).
Triportheus angulatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) (Osteichthyes: Triportheidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Furo do Catalão near Manaus.
Specimen deposited in
Salminus franciscanus Lima & Britski, 2007 (Osteichthyes: Bryconidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Minas Gerais State, São Francisco River near Três Marias Reservoir (18°12'32"S, 45°15'41"W).
Triportheus albus Cope, 1872
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Furo do Catalão near Manaus.
Specimen deposited in
Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Osteichthyes: Serrasalmidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Água Branca stream, Pitinga River.
Specimens from
Triportheus albus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Furo do Catalão near Manaus.
Specimen deposited in
Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier, 1816)
Gills.
Brazil, Paraná State, Paraná River, below and above of the reservoir of Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Station, in the locality of Guaíra (24°04'48"S, 54°15'21"W).
Brycon orthotaenia (Günther, 1864) (Osteichthyes: Bryconidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Minas Gerais State, São Francisco River near Três Marias Reservoir (18°12'32"S, 45°15'41"W).
Other paratypes deposited in the collections of
Triportheus elongatus (Günther, 1864)
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Solimões River near Marchantaria Island.
Specimen deposited in
Triportheus angulatus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Bairro São Jorge.
Specimen deposited in
Catoprion mento (Cuvier, 1819) (Osteichthyes: Serrasalmidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Uatumã River, Balbina.
Specimen deposited in
Triportheus angulatus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Bairro São Jorge.
Specimen deposited in
Pristobrycon striolatus (Steindachner, 1908)
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Uatumã River, Samaumã Lake.
Specimens deposited in
Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner, 1858
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Solimões River near Marchantaria Island.
Specimens deposited in
Salminus brasiliensis
Gills.
Brazil, Paraná State, Paraná River, below and above of the reservoir of Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Station, Guaíra (24°04'48"S, 54°15'21"W).
Triportheus angulatus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Bairro São Jorge.
Specimen deposited in
Pristobrycon striolatus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Uatumã River, Samaumã Lake.
Specimens deposited in
Salminus brasiliensis
Gills.
Brazil, Paraná State, Paraná River, below and above of the reservoir of Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Station, Guaíra (24°04'48"S, 54°15'21"W).
Roeboides myersii Gill, 1870 (Osteichthyes: Characidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Solimões River near Marchantaria Island.
Specimen deposited in
Salminus brasiliensis
Gills.
Brazil, Paraná State, Paraná River, below and above of the reservoir of Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Station, Guaíra (24°04'48"S, 54°15'21"W).
Triportheus angulatus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Furo do Catalão near Manaus.
Specimen deposited in
Triportheus elongatus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Furo do Catalão near Manaus.
Specimen deposited in
Brycon orthotaenia
Gills.
Brazil, Minas Gerais State, São Francisco River near Três Marias Reservoir (18°12'32"S, 45°15'41"W).
Other material deposited in the collections of
Triportheus elongatus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Solimões River near Manaus.
Specimen from
Triportheus angulatus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Bairro São Jorge.
Specimen deposited in
Serrasalmus rhombeus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Uatumã River, Água Branca stream, Pitinga River.
Specimens deposited in
Serrasalmus rhombeus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Uatumã River, a tributary of Amazonas River.
Specimen from
Pristobrycon striolatus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Água Branca stream, Pitinga River.
Specimens from
Serrasalmus elongatus Kner, 1858
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Negro River near Manaus.
Specimen deposited in
Pristobrycon eigenmanni Norman, 1929
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Uatumã River, Nazaré.
Specimen from
Serrasalmus elongatus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Solimões River near Marchantaria Island.
Specimens deposited in
Triportheus angulatus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Bairro São Jorge.
Specimen deposited in
Pristobrycon eigenmanni
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Uatumã River, Nazaré.
Specimen deposited in
Salminus franciscanus
Gills.
Brazil, Minas Gerais State, São Francisco River near Três Marias Reservoir (18°12'32"S, 45°15'41"W).
Salminus brasiliensis
Gills.
Brazil, Paraná State, Paraná River, below and above of the reservoir of Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Station, Guaíra (24°04'48"S, 54°15'21"W).
Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier, 1818) [= Mylossoma duriventris] (Osteichthyes: Serrasalmidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Solimões River near Marchantaria Island.
Specimen deposited in
Myleus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel, 1844) [= Myleus rubripinnus] (Osteichthyes: Serrasalmidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Uatumã River, Nazaré.
Specimen deposited in
Triportheus elongatus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Solimões River near Marchantaria Island.
Specimen from
Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) (Osteichthyes: Serrasalmidae).
Gills.
Brazil, São Paulo State, Jaboticabal, Aquaculture Center of the Paulista State University.
Other paratypes deposited in the collections of
Serrasalmus sp.
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Furo do Catalão near Manaus.
Specimen deposited in
Triportheus angulatus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Bairro São Jorge.
Specimen deposited in
Serrasalmus elongatus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Negro River near Manaus.
Specimen deposited in
Triportheus albus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Furo do Catalão near Manaus.
Specimen deposited in
Serrasalmus elongatus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Solimões River near Marchantaria Island.
Specimens deposited in
Triportheus albus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Furo do Catalão near Manaus.
Specimen deposited in
Serrasalmus spilopleura
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Solimões River near Marchantaria Island.
Specimen deposited in
Serrasalmus elongatus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Solimões River near Marchantaria Island.
Specimens deposited in
Serrasalmus rhombeus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Água Branca stream, Pitinga River.
Specimens from
Myleus rubripinnis
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Uatumã River, Nazaré.
Specimen deposited in
Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858 (Osteichthyes: Serrasalmidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Solimões River near Marchantaria Island.
Specimen deposited in
Myleus rubripinnis
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Uatumã River, Nazaré.
Specimen deposited in
Triportheus elongatus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Solimões River near Marchantaria Island.
Specimen deposited in
Piaractus mesopotamicus
Gills.
Brazil, Paraná State, Paraná River, in the locality of Toledo (24°44'29.0"S, 53°44'51.2"W).
Other paratypes deposited in the
Triportheus elongatus
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Solimões River near Marchantaria Island.
Specimen deposited in
Pristobrycon eigenmanni
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Uatumã River, Nazaré.
Specimens deposited in
Psectrogaster rutiloides (Kner, 1858) (Osteichthyes: Curimatidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Furo do Catalão.
Collection number referred to as
Brycon cephalus (Günther, 1869)
Gills.
Brazil, São Paulo State, ponds in Pirassununga.
Four paratypes deposited in UNICAMP.
Salminus brasiliensis
Gills.
Brazil, Paraná State, Paraná River below and above of the reservoir of Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Station, Guaíra (24°04'48"S, 54°15'21"W).
Salminus brasiliensis
Gills.
Brazil, Paraná State, Paraná River below and above of the reservoir of Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Station, Guaíra (24°04'48"S, 54°15'21"W).
Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837)
Gills.
Brazil, São Paulo State, ponds in Pirassununga.
Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Osteichthyes: Heptapteridae).
Gills.
Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Juiz de Fora, Paraibuna River (21°41'20"S, 43°20'40"W).
Astyanax aff. fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819) (Osteichthyes: Characidae).
External surface.
Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul State, Guaíba Lake, Barra do Ribeiro (30°17'11"S, 51°18'01"W).
Characidium lanei Travassos, 1967 (Osteichthyes: Crenuchidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Paraná State, Antonina, Cacatu River.
All paratypes were collected from C. pterostictum Gomes, 1947, except
Genidens barbus (Lacepède, 1803) (Osteichthyes: Ariidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Paraná State, Guaratuba, Guaratuba Bay (25°52'16.73"S, 48°39'07.32"W).
Specimens deposited in
Amphiarius rugispinis (Valenciennes, 1840) (Osteichthyes: Ariidae).
Secondary lamellae of the gills.
Brazil, Pará State, Bragança, Fishing village of Ajuruteua (0°49'31"N, 46°36'29"W).
Other paratypes deposited in the collections of
Sciades proops (Valenciennes, 1840) (Osteichthyes: Ariidae).
Secondary lamellae of the gills.
Brazil, Pará State, Bragança, Fishing village of Ajuruteua (0°49'31"N, 46°36'29"W).
Other paratypes deposited in the collections of
Aspistor luniscutis (Valenciennes, 1840) (Osteichthyes: Ariidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Paraná State, Paranaguá, Fish market.
Holotype deposited in
Sciades herzbergii (Bloch, 1794)
Secondary lamellae of the gills.
Brazil, Pará State, Bragança, Fishing village of Ajuruteua (0°49'31"N, 46°36'29"W).
Other paratypes deposited in the collections of
Sciades couma (Valenciennes, 1840)
Internal borders of the primary lamellae of the gills.
Brazil, Pará State, Bragança, Fish market.
Paratype deposited in the
Brachyplatystoma filamentosum (Lichtenstein, 1819) (Osteichthyes: Pimelodidae).
Gill lamellae.
Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Araguaia River (13°23'07.3"S, 50°39'58.1"W).
Other paratype deposited in the
Brachyplatystoma filamentosum
Gill lamellae.
Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Araguaia River (13°23'07.3"S, 50°39'58.1"W).
Other paratypes deposited in the
Brachyplatystoma filamentosum
Gill lamellae.
Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Araguaia River (13°23'07.3"S, 50°39'58.1"W).
Other paratypes deposited in the
Iheringichthys labrosus
Gills.
Brazil, upper Paraná River floodplain (22°43'S, 53°10'W).
Some authors considered the species to be a synonym of Demidospermus cornicinus Kritsky & Gutiérrez, 1998 (
Iheringichthys labrosus
Gills.
Brazil, upper Paraná River floodplain (22°43'S, 53°10'W).
Some authors considered the species to be a synonym of Demidospermus leptosynophallus Kritsky & Gutiérrez, 1998 (
Auchenipterus osteomystax Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918 (Osteichthyes: Auchenipteridae).
Gills.
Brazil, upper Paraná River floodplain (22°50'–22°70'S, 53°15'–53°40'W).
Loricariichthys platymetopon Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 (Osteichthyes: Loricariidae).
Gill filaments.
Brazil, upper Paraná River floodplain (22°43'S, 53°10'W).
Pachyurus junki Soares & Casatti, 2000 (Osteichthyes: Sciaenidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Tocantins State, Santa Rosa, São Valério River (11°21'57"S, 48°28'35"W)
Paratypes collected in different localities of the Tocantins River (Tocantins State):
Aspistor quadriscutis (Valenciennes, 1840)
Secondary lamellae of the gills.
Brazil, Pará State, Bragança, Fish market.
Other paratypes deposited in the
Salminus brasiliensis
Gills.
Brazil, Paraná River below and above of the reservoir of Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Station, Guaíra (24°04'48"S, 54°15'21"W).
Schizodon borellii (Boulenger, 1900) (Osteichthyes: Anostomidae).
Gill filaments.
Brazil, upper Paraná River floodplain (22°50'–22°70'S, 53°15'–53°40'W).
Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes, 1836
Urinary bladder and ureters.
Brazil, Paraná State, upper Paraná River, Baía River near Porto Rico.
Paratypes
Prochilodus lineatus
Urinary bladder.
Brazil, upper Paraná River floodplain.
Leporinus lacustris Campos, 1945 (Osteichthyes: Anostomidae).
Urinary bladder and ureters.
Brazil, upper Paraná River floodplain (22°50'–22°70'S, 53°15'–53°40'W).
Rhamdia quelen
Urinary bladder and ureters.
Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul State, reservoir of the Hydroelectric Power of Passo Fundo, São Valentim (27°32'S, 52°44'W).
Salminus brasiliensis
Urinary bladder.
Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Pantanal wetlands, Cuiabá River (17°50'48"S, 57°24'6"W)
Other paratypes deposited in the
Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836 (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae).
Gill lamellae.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Guandu River (22°48'32"S, 43°37'35"W).
Mugil liza
Gill lamellae.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Guandu River (22°48'32"S, 43°37'35"W).
Mugil liza
Gill lamellae.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Guandu River (22°48'32"S, 43°37'35"W).
Mugil liza
Gill lamellae.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Guandu River (22°48'32"S, 43°37'35"W).
Characidium lanei
Gills.
Brazil, Paraná State, Morretes, Marumbi River (25°29'27"S, 45°49'67"W).
Other paratypes deposited in the collections of IPCAS and
Characidium pterostictum Gomes, 1947
Gills.
Brazil, Paraná State, Morretes, Marumbi River (25°29'27"S, 45°49'67"W).
Other paratypes deposited in the collections of IPCAS,
Anisotremus virginicus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Osteichthyes: Haemulidae).
Gills.
Brazil, coastal zone of Rio de Janeiro State (21–23°S, 42–45°W).
Paratype
Haemulon steindachneri (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) (Osteichthyes: Haemulidae).
Distal portion of gill filaments.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Sepetiba Bay, Itacuruçá (22°51'S, 43°56'W).
Holotype and other paratypes deposited in the
Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816) (Osteichthyes: Serrasalmidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Ceará State, Pentecoste, Aquaria of the Research Center in Aquiculture “Rodolfo von Ihering, DNOCS”.
Piaractus mesopotamicus
Gills.
Brazil, Paraná State, Paraná River, Toledo (24°44'29.0"S, 53°44'51.2"W).
Other paratypes deposited in the
Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818)
Gills.
Poland, Szczecin, Odra River.
Other paratypes deposited in the collections of
Rhaphiodon vulpinus Spix & Agassiz, 1829 (Osteichthyes: Cynodontidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Paraná State, inside and outside of the reservoir of Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Station, Foz do Iguaçú (25°32'52"S, 54°35'17"W).
Paratypes collected in different localities of the reservoir of Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Station:
Chaetodipterus faber
Gill filaments.
Brazil, coastal zone of Rio de Janeiro State (21–23°S, 41–45°W).
Collection numbers were not cited in the original description. Other paratypes deposited in CNHE.
Pimelodus microstoma Steindachner, 1877 (= Pimelodus heraldoi Azpelicueta, 2001) (Osteichthyes: Pimelodidae).
Nasal cavity.
Brazil, São Paulo State, Pirassununga, Cachoeira de Emas, Mogi Guaçu River (21°58'S, 47°26'W).
Pimelodus maculatus Lacepède, 1803
Nasal cavity.
Brazil, São Paulo State, Pirassununga, Cachoeira de Emas, Mogi Guaçu River (21°58'S, 47°26'W).
Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock, 1828) (Osteichthyes: Callichthyidae).
Gills.
Brazil, São Paulo State, Taquarituba, upper Paranapanema River, Jurumirim Reservoir (23°12'17"S, 49°13'19"W).
Gerres nigri Günther, 1859 (Osteichthyes: Gerreidae).
Gills.
Senegal, Bamboung, Sine–Saloum River (13°49'30.5"N, 16°31'44"W).
Holotype deposited in the
Gerres nigri
Gills.
Senegal, Bamboung, Sine–Saloum River (13°49'30.5"N, 16°31'44"W).
Holotype deposited in the
Prochilodus lineatus
Gill filaments.
Brazil, Paraná State, metropolitan area of Curitiba, Campina Grande do Sul, reservoir of Capivari–Cachoeira.
Other paratypes deposited in the collections of
Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1875) (Osteichthyes: Sciaenidae).
Oesophagous.
Brazil, São Paulo State, off Ubatuba (23°35'S, 045°06'W).
Trichiurus lepturus
Oesophagous.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Guanabara Bay (23°1'52"S, 43°11'56"W).
Prochilodus argenteus
Nasal cavity.
Brazil, Minas Gerais State, São Francisco River near Três Marias (18°12'32"S, 45°14'41"W).
Triportheus cf. nematurus (Kner, 1858)
Nasal cavity.
Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Miranda River, Passo do Lontra.
Other paratypes deposited in
Salminus brasiliensis
Nasal cavities.
Brazil, Paraná State, Paraná River basin near Porto Rico.
Other paratypes deposited in the collections of
Prochilodus cf. lineatus
Nasal cavity.
Brazil, Paraná State, metropolitan area of Curitiba, Campina Grande do Sul, reservoir of Capivari–Cachoeira.
Other paratypes deposited in the collections of
Serrasalmus marginatus
Nasal cavity.
Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Paraná River, Medalha Bay.
Other paratypes deposited in the collections of
Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus, 1766) (Osteichthyes: Curimatidae).
Nasal cavity.
French Guiana, Degrad Forian, Iracoubo.
Other paratypes deposited in the collections of
Crenicichla labrina (Spix & Agassiz, 1831) (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Amapá State, Ferreira Gomes, Araguari River (0°52'N, 51°12'W).
Other paratype deposited in the IPCA collection.
Satanoperca jurupari (Heckel, 1840) (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Amapá State, Ferreira Gomes, Araguari River (0°52'N, 51°12'W).
Other paratype deposited in the IPCA collection.
Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Paraná State, Ivaí River basin, Mourão Reservoir (24°02'S, 52°22'W).
Paratypes collected in other reservoirs:
Geophagus brasiliensis
Gills.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Seropédica, Guandu River (22°48'32"S, 43°37'35"W).
Crenicichla niederleinii Holmberg, 1891
Gill filaments.
Brazil, Paraná, Paraná River (22°50'–22°70'S, 53°15'–53°40'W).
Satanoperca jurupari
Gills.
Brazil, Pará State, Belém, Guamá River (01°27'21"S, 48°30'14"W).
Geophagus proximus (Castelnau, 1855)
Gill filaments.
Brazil, Paraná State, upper Paraná River floodplain, Porto Rico (22°50'–22°70'S, 53°15'–53°40'W).
Geophagus proximus
Gill filaments.
Brazil, Paraná State, upper Paraná River floodplain, Porto Rico (22°50'–22°70'S, 53°15'–53°40'W).
Satanoperca pappaterra (Heckel, 1840)
Gill filaments.
Brazil, Paraná State, upper Paraná River floodplain (22°50'–22°70'S, 53°15'–53°40'W).
Pseudeutropius moolenburghae Weber & de Beaufort, 1913 (Osteichthyes: Schilbeidae).
Gill rakers.
Indonesia, Jambi Province, Pemayung Subdistrict, Batang Hari River, near Kubu Kandang village (1°36'17.51"S, 103°19'16.65"E).
Two paratypes deposited in
Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (Vandelli, 1829) (Osteichthyes: Osteoglossidae).
Nasal cavity.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Furo do Catalão near Manaus.
Paratypes deposited in
Pellona flavipinnis (Valenciennes, 1837) (Osteichthyes: Pristigasteridae).
Nasal cavity.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Solimões River, Marchantaria Island near Manaus.
Paratypes deposited in
Salminus brasiliensis
Gills.
Brazil, Paraná State, Paraná River below and above of the reservoir of Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Station, Guaíra (24°04'48"S, 54°15'21"W).
Prochilodus lineatus
Gills.
Brazil, upper Paraná River floodplain (22°43'S, 53°10'W).
Other paratypes deposited in BMNH and
Schizodon borellii
Gill filaments.
Brazil, upper Paraná River floodplain (22°50'–22°70'S, 53°15'–53°40'W).
Prochilodus lineatus
Gills.
Brazil, São Paulo State, Pirassununga, Mogi Guaçu River (21°55'32.49"S, 47°22'13.76"W).
Prochilodus lineatus
Gills.
Brazil, upper Paraná River floodplain (22°43'S, 53°10'W).
Other paratypes deposited in BMNH and
Schizodon borellii
Gill filaments.
Brazil, upper Paraná River floodplain (22°50'–22°70'S, 53°15'–53°40'W).
Squaliforma emarginata (Valenciennes, 1840) [= Hypostomus emarginatus] (Osteichthyes: Loricariidae).
Body surface.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Bairro São Jorge.
Other paratypes deposited in the collections of
Leporacanthicus galaxias Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989 (Osteichthyes: Loricariidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Pará State, Guamá River, Capitão Poço (1°34.465'S, 47°02.063'W).
Other paratypes deposited in
Hoplias aimara (Valenciennes, 1847) (Osteichthyes: Erythrinidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Pará State, Xingu River around Altamira (3°12'S, 52°12'W).
Two paratypes deposited in the IPCAS collection.
Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794)
Gill lamellae.
Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Cuiabá (16°58'N, 56°25'W).
Hoplias malabaricus
Gill lamellae.
Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Cuiabá (16°58'N, 56°25'W).
Other paratypes deposited in CNHE.
Hoplias malabaricus
Gill lamellae.
Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Cuiabá (16°58'N, 56°25'W).
Hoplias malabaricus
Nasal cavities.
Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Cuiabá (16°58'N, 56°25'W).
Other paratypes deposited in CNHE.
Hoplias aimara
Gills.
Brazil, Pará State, Xingu River around Altamira (3°12'S, 52°12'W).
Two paratypes deposited in the IPCAS collection.
Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Agassiz, 1829) (Osteichthyes: Erythrinidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Pará State, Augusto Corrêa, Caeté River (01°3'58.21"S, 46°40'3.65"W).
Other paratypes deposited in
Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus
Gills.
Brazil, Pará State, Irituia, Guamá River (01°51'59.8"S, 47°24'17.2"W).
Other paratypes deposited in
Kyphosus incisor (Cuvier, 1831) (Osteichthyes: Kyphosidae).
Gills.
Brazil, off Rio de Janeiro State, Ilha Grande Bay (23°00'–23°40'S, 44°00'–44°40'W)
Petilipinnis grunniens (Jardine & Schomburgk, 1843) (Osteichthyes: Sciaenidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Tocantins State, Tocantins River, Porto Nacional (10°41'45"S, 48°25'54"W).
Paratypes from
Pachyurus junki
Gills.
Brazil, Tocantins State, Tocantins River, Santa Helena.
Holotype deposited in
Eucinostomus melanopterus (Bleecker, 1863) (Osteichthyes: Gerreidae).
Gills.
Senegal, Sine Saloum, Bamboung (13°49'30.5"N, 16°31'44"W).
Other paratypes deposited in
Eucinostomus argenteus Baird & Girard, 1855
Gills.
Brazil, Paraná State, Pontal do Paraná (25°35'28.27"S, 48°21'10.70"W).
Other paratypes deposited in
Pachyurus junki
Gills.
Brazil, Tocantins State, Tocantins River, Santa Helena.
Holotype deposited in
Cynoscion leairchus (Cuvier, 1830) (Osteichthyes: Sciaenidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Itacuruçá (22°55'S, 43°55'W).
Other paratypes deposited in
Cynoscion guatucupa (Cuvier, 1830)
Gills.
Argentina, off Mar del Plata (38°08'S, 57°32'W).
Other paratype deposited in the BMNH collection.
Paranthias colonus (Valenciennes, 1846) (Osteichthyes: Serranidae).
Gill arches.
Peru, Lima, off Chorrillos (12°13'25"S, 76°43'49"W).
Other paratype deposited in the
Hyporthodus niveatus (Valenciennes, 1828) [= Epinephelus niveatus] (Osteichthyes: Serranidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, off Cagarras Islands (23°02'S, 43°12'W).
Other paratype deposited in the BMNH collection.
Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch, 1792) (Osteichthyes: Centropomidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Pernambuco State, Itamaracá, earthen ponds (7°41'S, 34°53'W).
Holotype deposited in the
Centropomus undecimalis
Gills.
Brazil, Pernambuco State, Itamaracá, earthen ponds (7°41'S, 34°53'W).
Holotype deposited in the
Pachyurus adspersus Steindachner, 1879
Gills.
Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Vau-Açú, Piranga River, Cachoeirinha da Brecha downstream (20°32'S, 42°57'W).
Holotype deposited in
Gymnotus carapo (Linnaeus, 1758) (Osteichthyes: Gymnotidae).
Body surface.
Brazil, São Paulo State, São Carlos, Córrego do Feijão stream (22°06'10.7"S, 47°44'36.7"W).
Other paratypes deposited in
Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Osteichthyes: Callichthyidae).
Body surface.
Brazil, Paraná State, Piraquara, Piraquara River (25°29'59"S, 49°02'40"W).
Other paratypes deposited in IPCR,
Characidium lanei
Body surface.
Brazil, Paraná State, Morretes, Marumbi River (25°29'27"S, 45°49'67"W).
Other paratypes deposited in IPCAS,
Corydoras paleatus
Body surface.
Brazil, Paraná State, São José dos Pinhais, Miringuava River (25°38'06"S, 49°05'07"W).
Paratypes from
Geophagus brasiliensis
Body surface.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Itaguaí, Da Guarda River.
Other paratypes deposited in the collections of
Characidium sp.
Body surface.
Brazil, São Paulo State, Ribeirão Bonito, Das Almas River (24°8'52"S, 48°20'52"W).
Other paratypes deposited in IPCAS,
Corydoras ehrhardti Steindachner, 1910
Body surface.
Brazil, Paraná State, Piraquara, Piraquara River.
Other paratypes deposited in IPCR,
Hoplias aff. malabaricus
Body surface.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Nova Iguaçú, Guandu River.
Other paratypes deposited in the collections of
Rhineloricaria sp. (Osteichthyes: Loricariidae).
Body surface.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Candiru stream.
Other paratypes deposited in the collections of
Ancistrus sp. (Osteichthyes: Loricariidae).
Skin.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Bairro São Jorge.
Holotype deposited in the
Ancistrus sp.
Skin.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Bairro São Jorge.
Holotype deposited in the
Ancistrus sp.
Skin.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Bairro São Jorge.
Holotype deposited in the
Hypostomus plecostomus (Linnaeus, 1758) [= Plecostomus plecostomus] (Osteichthyes: Loricariidae).
Skin.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Bairro São Jorge.
Holotype deposited in the
Hypostomus punctatus Valenciennes, 1840 (Osteichthyes: Loricariidae).
Body surface.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Nova Iguaçú, Guandú River.
Other paratypes deposited in the collections of
Mugil liza (= Mugil platanus Günther, 1880)
Body washings.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Itaguaí, Da Guarda River.
Other paratypes deposited in the
Dasyatis guttata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Osteichthyes: Dasyatidae).
Gills, between secondary lamellae.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, off Angra dos Reis (23°00'24"S, 44°19'05"W).
Collection numbers referred to as “3751” in the original description due to a mistake. Other paratypes deposited in AHC
Dasyatis guttata
Gills.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, off Angra dos Reis (23°00'24"S, 44°19'05"W).
Other paratype deposited in the BMNH collection.
Paratrygon aiereba (Müller & Henle, 1841) (Chondricthyes: Potamotrygonidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Barcelos, Negro River (0°58'11"S, 62°55'13"W)
Holotype deposited in
Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841) (Chondricthyes: Potamotrygonidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Pará State, Cachoeira do Arari, Arari River, Urubu stream (1°00'36"S, 48°57'36"W).
Holotype deposited in
Potamotrygon motoro
Gills.
Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Miranda, Salobra River (20°14'26"S, 56°22'42"W).
Holotype deposited in
Potamotrygon motoro
Gills.
Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Miranda, Salobra River (20°14'26"S, 56°22'42"W).
Holotype deposited in
Potamotrygon cf. motoro
Gills.
Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Miranda, Salobra River (20°14'26"S, 56°22'42"W).
Holotype deposited in
Potamotrygon sp.
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Barcelos, Negro River (0°58'11"S, 62°55'13"W).
Holotype deposited in
Potamotrygon sp.
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Barcelos, Negro River (0°58'11"S, 62°55'13"W).
Holotype deposited in
Potamotrygon scobina Garman, 1913
Gills.
Brazil, Pará State, Colares, Marajó Bay, Tocantins River (0°55'45"S, 48°17'29"W).
Holotype deposited in
Paratrygon sp.
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Benjamin Constant, Yavari River (4°18'15.1194"S, 70°4'19.56"W).
Holotype deposited in
Potamotrygon cf. scobina
Gills.
Brazil, Tocantins State, Ipueiras, Tocantins River (11°18'36"S, 48°27'36"W).
Holotype deposited in
Potamotrygon sp.
Gills.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Barcelos, Negro River (0°58'11"S, 62°55'13"W).
Holotype deposited in
Potamotrygon brachyura (Günther, 1880)
Gills.
Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul State, Porto Xavier, Uruguay River (27°54'00"S, 55°08'00"W).
Cryptochelys leucostoma (Duméril & Bibron, 1851) (Testudines: Kinosternidae)
Conjunctival sac.
Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Santa Rosa, Guanacaste Conservation Area, Quebrada Costa Rica (10°49.666'N, 85°38.216'W).
Hydromedusa maximiliani (Mikan, 1825) (Testudines: Chelidae).
Buccal and pharyngeal cavities.
Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Juiz de Fora, lake of Mariano Procópio Museum (21°41'20"S, 43°20'40"W).
Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Osteichthyes: Carangidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Guanabara Bay (23°48'S, 43°10'W).
Paratypes deposited in PC–IBPRAS.
Oligoplites palometa (Cuvier, 1833) (Osteichthyes: Carangidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Itacuruça, Sepetiba Bay (22°51'S, 43°56'W).
Other paratypes deposited in
Pagrus pagrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Osteichthyes: Sparidae).
Mouth and gills.
Brazil, coastal zone of Rio de Janeiro State (21–23°S, 41–45°W).
Other paratypes deposited in
Cynoscion guatucupa
Gills.
Argentina, Buenos Aires Province, Mar del Plata (38°08'S 57°32'W).
Holotype and other paratypes deposited in CHMLP.
Orthopristis ruber (Cuvier, 1830) (Osteichthyes: Haemulidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Sepetiba Bay (22°51'S, 43°56'W).
Holotype and other paratypes deposited in the
Orthopristis ruber
Gills.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Sepetiba Bay (22°51'S, 43°56'W).
One of the collection numbers is referred to as “38108b” in the original description due to a mistake. Holotype and other paratypes deposited in the
Ctenosciaena gracilicirrhus (Metzelaar, 1919) (Osteichthyes: Sciaenidae).
Gill lamellae.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Angra dos Reis (23°00'24"S, 44°19'05"W).
Oligoplites palometa
Gill filaments.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Sepetiba Bay, Itacuruçá (22°61'S, 43°56'W).
Other paratypes deposited in the
Orthopristis ruber
Gills.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Sepetiba Bay, Itacuruçá (22°51'S, 43°56'W).
Holotype and other paratypes deposited in the
Harengula clupeola (Cuvier, 1829) (Osteichthyes: Clupeidae).
Gills.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Governador.
No paratype deposited, only vouchers.
Pseudopercis numida Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903 (Osteichthyes: Pinguipedidae).
Gill filaments.
Brazil, coast of Rio de Janeiro State (21–23°S, 41–45°W).
Holotype and other paratype deposited in the
Hypostomus sp.
Gills.
Brazil, Paraná State, Paraná River, reservoir of the Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Station.
There is no paratype “i”, as informed in the original description. That was a mistake.
Trichiurus lepturus
Gills.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Guanabara Bay (23°1'52"S, 43°11'56"W).
The authors are grateful to David Elliff of GAAm Grupo Avançado de Assessoria Médica LTDA for reviewing the English of this manuscript. We thank Juliane Nunes Bernardo, Marianna Silva Costa, and Tainah Domingos Soares for technical support. AM is grateful to the National Bank for Economic and Social Development (Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social, BNDES), Project No: VPPLR-001-FIO-14-2-1-36, and the Foundation for Health-related Scientific and Technological Development in Health (Fundação para o Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico em Saúde, FIOTEC) for the technological research development fellowship.