Research Article |
Corresponding author: L.V. Egorov ( platyscelis@mail.ru ) Academic editor: Aaron Smith
© 2016 Yun-Chun Li, L.V. Egorov, Ai-Min Shi.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Li Y-C, Egorov LV, Shi A-M (2016) Three new species of the subgenus Leipopleura Seidlitz from Tibet, China (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Bioramix Bates). ZooKeys 609: 29-41. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.609.8250
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Three new species of darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae) belonging to the subgenus Leipopleura of the genus Bioramix Bates, 1879, B. (L.) baqenensis Li & Egorov, sp. n., B. (L.) nyainrongensis Li & Egorov, sp. n., and B. (L.) banbarensis Li & Egorov, sp. n. are described from the Tibet Autonomous Region in China. Additionally, a new identification key is provided to all known Chinese representatives of the subgenus Leipopleura.
Darkling beetles, identification key, Platyscelidini , taxonomy
The genus Bioramix Bates, 1879 (Tenebrionidae: Platyscelidini) consists of approximately 115 species and it is subdivided into 13 subgenera. Only four subgenera, Bioramix Bates, 1879, Cardiobioramix Kaszab, 1940, Leipopleura Seidlitz, 1893 and Tricholeipopleura Kaszab, 1940 have been reported from China.
The subgenus Leipopleura with B. integra Reitter, 1887 as the type species, is characterized by the intercoxal process not raised, sharply sloping behind procoxae; male abdomen medial setose patches absent; protibia underside concave at apex and their outer margin sharp, outer apical angles elongate; male pro- and mesotarsi widened, dense plantar pubescence present on proximal four tarsomeres. So far, 15 species have been described (
During the identification of tenebrionid specimens collected in Tibet in 2010, three new species of the subgenus Leipopleura were found and are described below.
The specimens examined in this study are deposited in the Museum of China West Normal University, Nanchong, China (MCWNU) and Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences (ZIN) (St.-Petersburg, Russia). The specimens were examined with a Leica M205C stereomicroscope and recorded with a Nikon D3000 digital camera.
In the morphological descriptions the following measurements were taken (by means of binocular micrometre): 1) length of antennomeres (without interantennal membrane) and their maximum width; 2) length of pronotum along midline between anterior and posterior margins; 3) maximum width of pronotum; 4) length of elytra along suture from base to apex; 5) maximum width of elytra; 6) maximum width of tibia at apex; 7) maximum width of male tarsi; 8) maximum width and length of parameres (taken in dorsal view along middle groove); 9) length of phallobase (taken in lateral view) and general length of the aedeagus from apex of parameres to base of phallobase; 10) general length of the body from base of mandibles to apex of elytra (taken in lateral view). Density of punctation is characterized as follows: 1) dense punctation – distance between punctures less than their diameter; 2) moderately dense – distance between punctures less than or equal to their diameter; 3) sparse punctation – distance between punctures exceeding their diameter.
Holotype: male, CHINA: Tibet, Baqen, 31°50.421'N, 094°18.016'E, 4575 m, 3 Jul. 2010, Ai-Min Shi and Yong-Sheng Pan leg. (MCWNU). Paratype: 21 males and 20 females, 4 paratypes (2 males, 2 females) in ZIN, same data as the holotype.
This new species can be distinguished based on the following: anterior margin of pronotum straight; protibia outer apical angles strongly elongated, inner surface with an obscure spur and strong setae at apical ½; parameres moderately narrowed apically, slightly sinuate near the apex ⅕ (in lateral view).
Named after the type locality, Baqen.
Body black; antennae, legs and palps brown; surface weakly shiny.
Male (Figs
Bioramix (Leipopleura) baqenensis sp. n.: 1 antenna of male 2 pronotum of male 3 protibiae and protarsomeres of male 4 mesotibiae and mesotarsomeres of male 5 metatibiae and metatarsomeres of male 6–7 apical part of aedeagus in dorsal and ventral views 8 apical part of aedeagus in lateral view 9–10 ovipositor in dorsal and ventral views.
Pronotum (Fig.
Elytra elongate-oval, 1.32–1.43 (1.36 on average, n=5) times as long as wide, maximum width before middle, 1.23–1.27 (1.25 on average, n=5) times as wide as pronotum. Outer margin of epipleural reaching sutural angle, visible dorsally only at base. Elytral surface between epipleura and sutural margin convex, with fine dense punctation and minute rugae, with traces of longitudinal prominences and also traces of smooth rounded prominences better developed in apical half. Epipleural surface with densely covered irregular wrinkles and small granules. Mesoventrite with rather sparse recumbent hairs; surface finely granulate and wrinkles. Abdominal ventrites with yellow hairs. Intercoxal process of abdomen rounded apically. First and second abdominal ventrites with shallow medial impressions, 4th ventrite weakly concave at sides. Last abdominal ventrite with shallow depression and impunctate semicircular area at medial base.
Legs (Figs
Aedeagus (Figs
Female (Figs
Male body length 9.3–10.4 mm, width 4.7–5.0 mm; female body length 9.1–9.8 mm, width 4.7–5.2 mm.
China: Tibet (Tanggula Shan, Baqen).
Bioramix (Leipopleura) baqenensis Li & Egorov, sp. n. is similar to Bioramix (Leipopleura) nagquana (Meng & Ren, 2005) based on the following characters: length of antennae (when posteriorly extended, reaching pronotal base), anterior margin of clypeus straight, pronotum widest near middle, and metatibia straight.
Holotype: male, CHINA: Tibet, Nyainrong, 32°06.763'N, 92°17.171'E, 4728 m, 6 Aug. 2010, Yun-Chun Li and Yong-Sheng Pan leg. (MCWNU). Paratype: 4 males and 3 females, 3 paratypes (2 males, 1 females) in ZIN, same data as the holotype.
This new species can be distinguished based on the following: shorter antennae (when posteriorly extended, not reaching pronotal base); anterior margin of pronotum emarginated, and metatibia weakly incurved.
Named after the type locality, Nyainrong.
Body black; antennae, legs and palps brown; surface weakly shiny.
Male (Figs
Bioramix (Leipopleura) nyainrongensis sp. n.: 11 antenna of male 12 pronotum of male 13 protibiae and protarsomeres of male 14 mesotibiae and mesotarsomeres of male 15 metatibiae and metatarsomeres of male 16–17 apical part of aedeagus in dorsal and ventral views 18 apical part of aedeagus in lateral view 19–20 ovipositor in dorsal and ventral views.
Pronotum (Fig.
Elytra elongate-oval, 1.27–1.33 (1.30 on average, n = 3) times as long as wide, maximum width before middle, 1.10–1.20 (1.14 on average, n = 3) times as wide as pronotum. Outer margin of epipleural reaching sutural angle, visible dorsally only at base. Elytral surface between epipleura and sutural margin convex, with traces of longitudinal carina, elytra apex sharply declined. Epipleural surface covered with dense irregular wrinkles and sparse shallow punctures. Lateral carina of elytra (outer margin of pseudepipleura) visible in dorsal view only anteriorly, explanate on humeri, merging with epipleura, reaching sutural angle. Mesoventrite with rather sparse recumbent hairs; surface finely granulate and wrinkles. Abdominal ventrites with yellow hairs. intercoxal process of abdomen rounded apically. First and second abdominal ventrites with shallow medial impressions.
Legs (Figs
Aedeagus (Figs
Female (Figs
Male body length 7.9–8.1 mm, width 3.9–4.0 mm; female body length 8.1–8.2 mm, width 4.0–4.1 mm.
China: Tibet (Tanggula Shan, Nyainrong).
Bioramix (Leipopleura) nyainrongensis Li & Egorov, sp. n. is similar to Bioramix (Leipopleura) baqenensis Li & Egorov, sp. n. and Bioramix (Leipopleura) nagquana (Meng & Ren, 2005) based on the following characters: pronotum (widest near middle), posterior margin of pronotum base weakly bisinuate, elytra elongate-oval (widest near middle), and outer margin of epipleural visible dorsally only at base.
Holotype: male, CHINA: Tibet, Banbar, 30°55.964'N, 094°42.482'E, 3730 m, 25 Jul. 2010, Ai-Min Shi and Yong-Sheng Pan leg. (MCWNU). Paratype: 59 males and 51 females, 4 paratypes (2 males, 2 females) in ZIN, same data as the holotype.
This new species can be distinguished based on the following: shorter antennae (when posteriorly extended, not reaching pronotal base), anterior margin of pronotum straight, parameres distinctly sinuate near the apex ⅙ (in lateral view).
Named after the type locality, Banbar.
Body dark brown; surface weakly shiny.
Male (Figs
Bioramix (Leipopleura) banbarensis sp. n.: 21 antenna of male 22 pronotum of male 23 protibiae and protarsomeres of male 24 mesotibiae and mesotarsomeres of male 25 metatibiae and metatarsomeres of male 26–27 apical part of aedeagus in dorsal and ventral views 28 apical part of aedeagus in lateral view 29–30 ovipositor in dorsal and ventral views.
31–32Bioramix (Leipopleura) baqenensis sp. n.: 31 male, length 9.3–10.4 mm 32 female, length 9.1–9.8 mm 33–34B. (L.) nyainrongensis sp. n.: 33 male, length 7.9–8.1 mm 34 female, length 8.1–8.2 mm 35–36B. (L.) banbarensis sp. n.: 35 male, length 9.9–10.6 mm 36 female, length 10.0–10.5 mm.
Pronotum (Fig.
Elytra elongate-oval, 1.28–1.45 (1.35 on average, n = 5) times as long as wide, widest nearly in the middle, 1.21–1.34 (1.28 on average, n = 5) times as wide as pronotum. Outer margin of epipleural not reaching sutural angle, visible dorsally only at base. Elytral surface between epipleura and sutural margin convex, with sparse and shallow punctures, irregular fine wrinkles and traces of longitudinal carina. Elytra margin setae and abdomen setae subequal length, elytra apex sharply declined. Mesosternum with rather sparse recumbent hairs, surface finely granulate and wrinkles. Abdominal ventrites with yellow hairs. First and second abdominal ventrites with shallow medial impressions. Last abdominal ventrite with depression and impunctate semicircular area at medial base, apical margin widely rounded.
Legs (Figs
Aedeagus (Figs
Female (Figs
Male body length 9.9–10.6 mm, width 4.9–5.4 mm; female body length 10.0–10.5 mm, width 5.0–5.4 mm.
China: Tibet (Nyainqentanglha Shan (Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains), Banbar).
Bioramix (Leipopleura) banbarensis Li & Egorov, sp. n. is similar to Bioramix (Leipopleura) crypticoides (Reitter, 1887) based on the following characters: pronotum widest near middle, anterior and posterior angles of pronotum obtuse, base weakly bisinuate, protibia apical margin extended not sharp apices, and metatibia nearly straight.
The world fauna of the tribe Platyscelidini comprises 8 genera, 28 subgenera (
1 | Pronotum widest near or at base | 2 |
– | Pronotum widest anterior to or at middle | 5 |
2 | Only basal part of the outer margin of epipleura visible dorsally | 3 |
– | Anterior ⅓ or half of the outer margin of epipleura visible dorsally | 4 |
3 | Elytra widest at base. Metatibia slightly incurved | Bioramix igori Li & L. Egorov, 2013 |
– | Elytra widest at middle. Metatibia straight | Bioramix aenescens (Blair, 1923) |
4 | Anterior and basal margin of pronotum straight, anterior angles obtuse, posterior angles rectangular | Bioramix politicollis (Kaszab, 1940) |
– | Anterior margin of pronotum weakly sinuate, Pronotal base straight, anterior and posterior angles nearly rectangular | Bioramix frivaldszkyi (Kaszab, 1940) |
5 | Outer margin of epipleura not reaching sutural angle | 6 |
– | Outer margin of epipleura reaching sutural angle | 9 |
6 | Anterior margin of pronotum sinuate, base weakly bisinuate | Bioramix nyainrongensis sp. n. |
– | Anterior margin and base of pronotum straight | 7 |
7 | Parameres noticeably narrowed toward apex in dorsal view, but strongly widened in distal ⅕, with very flat apices | Bioramix rufipalpis (Reitter, 1887) |
– | Parameres subparallel, gradually narrowing towards apex, not widened distally, with moderately sharp apices | 8 |
8 | Parameres (in lateral view) strongly curved in distal ⅓ | Bioramix reinigi (Kaszab, 1940) |
– | Parameres (in lateral view) weakly curved in distal ¼, nearly straight | Bioramix crypticoides (Reitter, 1887) |
9 | Anterior margin of pronotum weakly sinuate | 10 |
– | Anterior margin of pronotum straight | 12 |
10 | Pronotal base emarginate, elytra widest at the base | Bioramix hongyuanensis Li & L. Egorov, 2013 |
– | Pronotal base nearly straight, elytra widest at the middle | 11 |
11 | Anterior and posterior angles of pronotum obtuse, legs red | Bioramix rubripes (Reitter, 1889) |
– | Anterior angles of pronotum obtuse, posterior angles sharp and rectangular, legs brown | Bioramix nagquana (Meng & Ren, 2005) |
12 | Anterior margin of clypeus straight | 13 |
– | Anterior margin of clypeus weakly, but noticeably, arcuate in the middle | 15 |
13 | Anterior angles of pronotum very rounded, elytra base and pronotum almost as wide | Bioramix kochi (Kaszab, 1940) |
– | Anterior angles of pronotum not rounded, elytra base wider than pronotum | 14 |
14 | Antenna short, when posteriorly extended, not reaching pronotal base. Outer apical angles of protibiae weakly elongated | Bioramix banbarensis sp. n. |
– | Antenna long, when posteriorly extended, reaching pronotal base. Outer apical angles of protibiae strongly elongated | Bioramix baqenensis sp. n. |
15 | Pronotal punctation coarse, parameres almost straight in lateral view | Bioramix micans (Reitter, 1889) |
– | Pronotal punctation fine, parameres noticeably curved in distal ¼ in lateral view | Bioramix integra (Reitter, 1887) |
We sincerely express thanks to Professor Aaron Smith (Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA), Marcin Kamiński (Museum and Institute of Zoology, Warsaw, Poland), and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable comments and improvements of this text. Finally, we also would like to thank Yong-Sheng Pan (College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University) for his collaboration on the field trip. This study is supported by Sichuan Key Provincial Discipline (SZD0420).