Research Article |
Corresponding author: Hu Li ( lihu@snut.edu.cn ) Corresponding author: Ren-Huai Dai ( rhdai69@163.com ) Academic editor: Pavel Stoev
© 2023 Hu Li, Juan Li, Michael D. Webb, Jia-Jia Wang, Ren-Huai Dai.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Li H, Li J, Webb MD, Wang J-J, Dai R-H (2023) Six new species of the leafhopper subgenus Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Eurymelinae, Macropsini) from China. ZooKeys 1165: 183-201. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.81776
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The nominate subgenus Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) Matsumura, 1912 is widely distributed in the Oriental region but has high species diversity only in southern China. The present paper describes and illustrates six new species of Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) namely, P. (P.) ailaoshanensis Li & Dai, sp. nov., P. (P.) quadrispinosus Li & Dai, sp. nov., P. (P.) flavus Li & Dai, sp. nov., and P. (P.) pianmaensis Li & Dai, sp. nov. all collected in Yunnan Province, southwestern China, P. (P.) maoershanensis Li & Dai, sp. nov., found in Guangxi Autonomous Region, southern China, and P. (P.) huangi Li & Dai sp. nov., from Taiwan, previously incorrectly recorded as a new name by Li & Dai, 2018 in
Auchenorrhyncha, distribution, Homoptera, macropsine, morphology
Pediopsoides Matsumura, 1912 is a relatively small genus in the arboreal leafhopper tribe Macropsini (Eurymelinae). Within Macropsini, Pediopsoides is recognized by the weak striations on the pronotum (Figs
According to the known host records, Pediopsoides feeds on species of Juglans (Juglandaceae) and willows (
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) includes 13 species at present, of which 11 are known from China, mainly southern China (see Checklist). It is the largest subgenus within the genus Pediopsoides and is characterized by the following features: pronotum with oblique striations, forewing with two ante-apical cells, dorsal connective armed only at apex and freely attached to tenth tergite, side of male pygofer without an articulated lobe and male pygofer process bifid or with fine teeth (
In this paper six new species of the nominate subgenus from southern China are described and illustrated.
The higher classification system and morphological terminology used in this work follow
The material examined is deposited in the Museum of Zoology and Botany, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China (SUHC), and the Institute of Entomology of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China (GUGC).
Genus Pediopsoides Matsumura, 1912
Pediopsoides Matsumura, 1912: 305.
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides): Hamilton, 1980: 896.
Pediopsoides formosanus Matsumura, 1912, by original designation.
Oriental region: China, Japan, and India.
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) Matsumura
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) ailaoshanensis Li & Dai, sp. nov. (Figs
Distribution. China (Yunnan Prov.).
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) albus Li, Dai & Li (Figs
P. (P.) alba Li, Dai & Li, 2016: 342; figs 1–3, 10–19.
P. (P.) albus,
Distribution. China (Yunnan Prov.).
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) amplificatus Li, Dai & Li (Figs
P. (P.) amplificata Li, Dai & Li, 2016: 344; figs 4–6, 20–27.
P. (P.) amplificatus,
Distribution. China (Guangdong Prov.).
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) anchorides Yang & Zhang (Figs
P. (P.) anchorides Yang & Zhang, 2013: 585; figs 1E–H, 3A–H.
Distribution. China (Yunnan Prov.).
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) bispinatus Li, Dai & Li (Figs
P. (P.) bispinata Li, Dai & Li, 2012: 539; figs 1–4, 8–17.
P. (P.) bispinatus,
Distribution. China (Guangxi Prov.).
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) damingshanensis Li, Dai & Li (Figs
P. (P.) damingshanensis Li, Dai & Li, 2013: 17; figs 1–3, 7–13.
Distribution. China (Guangxi Prov.).
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) flavus Li & Dai, sp. nov. (Figs
Distribution. China (Yunnan Prov.).
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) formosanus Matsumura
Pediopsoides formosanus Matsumura, 1912: 306.
P. (P.) formosanus, Hamilton, 1980: 896.
Distribution. China (Taiwan).
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) huangi Li & Dai, sp. nov. (Figs
P. (P.) femorata Huang & Viraktamath, 1993: 365; figs 18–28, misapplication.
P. (P.) huangi Li & Dai, 2018 in
Distribution. China (Taiwan).
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) jingdongensis Zhang (Figs
P. (P.) jingdongensis Zhang, 2010: 58; figs 5–8, 21–31.
Distribution. China (Yunnan Prov.).
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) kodaianus Viraktamath (Figs
P. (P.) kodaiana Viraktamath, 1996: 188; figs 25–36.
P. (P.) kodaianus,
Distribution. India (Tamil Nadu).
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) longiapophysis Li, Dai & Li (Figs
P. (P.) longiapophysis Li, Dai & Li, 2016: 346; figs 7–9, 28–35.
Distribution. China (Guangdong Prov.).
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) maoershanensis Li & Dai, sp. nov. (Figs
Distribution. China (Guangxi Prov.).
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) nigrolabium Li, Dai & Li (Figs
P. (P.) nigrolabium Li, Dai & Li, 2012: 540; figs 5–7, 18–27.
Distribution. China (Guangxi Prov.).
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) pianmaensis Li & Dai, sp. nov. (Figs
Distribution. China (Yunnan Prov.).
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) quadrispinosus Li & Dai, sp. nov. (Figs
Distribution. China (Yunnan Prov.).
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) satsumensis (Matsumura) (Figs
Pediopsis satsumensis Matsumura, 1912: 311.
P. (P.) satsumensis, Hamilton, 1980: 896; fig. 71.
Distribution. Japan (Kyushu).
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) tishetshkini Li, Dai & Li (Figs
P. (P.) tishetshkini Li, Dai & Li, 2013: 18; figs 4–6, 14–22.
Distribution. China (Guangxi Prov.).
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) formosanus (Matsumura) from Taiwan is excluded from the key since it is known only from the female.
1 | Aedeagal shaft in ventral view terminally with a lamelliform triangular shaped expansion on each side (Fig. |
P. (P.) amplificatus |
– | Aedeagal shaft in ventral view gradually tapered to round or acute apex | 2 |
2 | Aedeagus with pair of processes at apex | 3 |
– | Aedeagus with processes absent or if present not at apex | 4 |
3 | Aedeagal shaft with pair of slender apical processes twisted ventrally (Figs |
P. (P.) jingdongensis |
– | Aedeagal shaft with two pairs of spine-like processes apically, directed laterally (Figs |
P. (P.) quadrispinosus sp. nov. |
4 | Aedeagal shaft relatively broad in lateral view, with pair of processes at base (Figs |
P. (P.) albus |
– | Aedeagal shaft narrow in lateral view, without processes or if present not at base; pygofer side with minute branched processes or fine teeth caudoventrally | 5 |
5 | Aedeagal shaft with distinct pair of spine-like processes near apex or at midlength, laterally | 6 |
– | Aedeagal shaft without processes | 9 |
6 | Aedeagal shaft processes near apex, relatively small and weakly sclerotized (Fig. |
P. (P.) flavus sp. nov. |
– | Aedeagal shaft processes nearly at midlength, well sclerotized | 7 |
7 | Aedeagal shaft processes directed dorsally (Figs |
P. (P.) kodaianus |
– | Aedeagal shaft processes directed ventrally basally | 8 |
8 | Dorsal connective with additional process from ventral margin straight and pointed ventrocaudally (Fig. |
P. (P.) huangi sp. nov. |
– | Dorsal connective with additional process from ventral margin long, strongly sinuate, and twisted ventrally (Fig. |
P. (P.) ailaoshanensis sp. nov. |
9 | Style with apex bearing a spine-like process ( |
P. (P.) tishetshkini |
– | Style without process; dorsal connective without bifurcate process | 10 |
10 | Pygofer ventral margin with single process widened at base and slanting inwards ( |
P. (P.) anchorides |
– | Pygofer ventral margin multifid in general; aedeagal shaft gradually bent dorsally | 11 |
11 | Dorsal connective stout and axe-like in lateral view with apical half wide with serrated margins (Fig. |
P. (P.) maoershanensis sp. nov. |
– | Dorsal connective not as above (Fig. |
12 |
12 | Dorsal connective with one additional process centrally | 13 |
– | Dorsal connective without additional process centrally | 15 |
13 | Dorsal connective as in Fig. |
P. (P.) pianmaensis sp. nov. |
– | Dorsal connective and pygofer not as above | 14 |
14 | Aedeagal shaft with round apex in lateral view (Fig. |
P. (P.) longiapophysis |
– | Aedeagal shaft with acute apex in lateral view (Fig. |
P. (P.) nigrolabium |
15 | Pygofer ventral margin with inflexed bifurcate processes ( |
P. (P.) satsumensis |
– | Pygofer ventral margin slightly serrated caudally or with two small spine-like processes; dorsal connective slender S-shaped or bent at midlength | 16 |
16 | Pygofer ventral margin slightly serrated ( |
P. (P.) damingshanensis |
– | Pygofer ventral margin with two small spine-like processes ( |
P. (P.) bispinatus |
Holotype ♂, China: Yunnan Province, Yuxi City, Ailaoshan National Natural Reserve, 2400 m above sea level, 08.viii.2015, collected by Yun-Fei Wu and Jia-Jia Wang (SUHC).
Body color
(Figs
Body morphology
(Figs
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) ailaoshanensis Li & Dai, sp. nov. 1 male habitus, dorsal view 2 male habitus, lateral view 3 face 4 male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view 5 pygofer inner ventral distal margins in direction of arrow in Fig.
Male genitalia
(Figs
Body length (including tegmen): 5.1 mm.
China (Yunnan Province).
The specific epithet refers to the type locality of the new species, Ailaoshan National Natural Reserve (Yunnan Province), combined with the Latin adjectival suffix -ensis, meaning from a place.
The body appearance and color pattern of the new species is similar to several other congeners especially P. (P.) pianmaensis and P. (P.) flavus, but it can be distinguished by the combined features of the darker brown forewing venation, the aedeagal shaft with pair of spine-like processes, and the different shape of the dorsal connective.
P. (P.) femorata Huang & Viraktamath, 1993: 365; figs 18–28, misidentification.
P. (P.) huangi
Li & Dai, 2018 in
From original figures (see Remarks). Holotype ♂, China: Taiwan, Taichung, Anmashan, 08.viii.1987, collected by C. T. Yang; Paratype: 1 ♀, same data as holotype except 05.viii.1987 (both National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan).
See description by
China (Taiwan).
The specific epithet is in honor of Dr. Kun-Wei Huang, one of the authors who originally described the species.
This species was misidentified and described as P. (P.) femorata Hamilton by
Holotype ♂, China: Guangxi Autonomous Region, Guilin City, Maoershan National Natural Reserve, 19.vii.2015, collected by Yun-Fei Wu; Paratype 1 ♂, same data as the holotype (both SUHC).
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) maoershanensis Li & Dai, sp. nov. 12 male habitus, dorsal view 13 male habitus, lateral view 14 face 15 male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view 16 pygofer inner ventral distal margins in direction of arrow in Fig.
Body color
(Figs
Body morphology
(Figs
Male genitalia
(Figs
Body length (including tegmen): 4.5–4.6 mm.
China (Guangxi Autonomous Region).
The specific epithet refers to the type locality of the new species, Maoershan National Natural Reserve, combined with the Latin adjectival suffix -ensis, meaning from a place.
This new species is similar to P. (P.) bispinatus in appearance and coloration, and somewhat similar to P. (P.) ailaoshanensis, but can be distinguished from all members of the subgenus by the following combination of features: aedeagus simple, bent dorsally and gradually tapered to acute apex without processes; dorsal connective strongly developed, axe-like, with apical half with serrated margins. It can also be distinguished by the shape of the pygofer and pygofer processes.
Holotype ♂, China: Yunnan Province, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Shangri-La, 08.viii.2012, collected by Zhi-Hua Fan (GUGC).
Body color
(Figs
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) quadrispinosus Li & Dai, sp. nov. 23 male habitus, dorsal view 24 male habitus, lateral view 25 face 26 male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view 27 pygofer inner ventral distal margins in direction of arrow in Fig.
Body form
(Figs
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) flavus Li & Dai, sp. nov. 34 male habitus, dorsal view 35 male habitus, lateral view 36 face 37 male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view 38 pygofer inner ventral distal margins in direction of arrow in Fig.
Male genitalia
(Figs
Body length (including tegmen): 4.4 mm.
China (Yunnan Province).
The specific epithet, quadrispinosus, is derived from the Latin words quadri- and spinosus, referring to the aedeagal shaft with four apical spines.
The new species is similar to P. (P.) jingdongensis in having the same yellowish brown body and body form and male pygofer ventral margin with distinct serrations in apical half formed by a row of numerous short regularly spaced denticles. It differs, however, from P. (P.) jingdongensis and all other congeners by its slender aedeagal shaft in lateral view with four apical spines and also by the shape of its dorsal connective.
Holotype ♂, China: Yunnan Province, Lushui City, Pianma Town, 26°0′34″N, 98°37′55″E, 1152 m above sea level, 26.v.2019, collected by Jia-Jia Wang and Chao Zhang; Paratypes: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, same data as the holotype (GUGC).
Body color
(Figs
Body form
(Figs
Male genitalia
(Figs
Body length (including tegmen): 5.5–5.6 mm.
China (Yunnan Province).
The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word flavus, referring to the yellowish color of the species especially on the face.
The new species is similar to P. (P.) damingshanensis and P. (P.) ailaoshanensis but can be distinguished from them and other congeners by the following male genitalia characters: aedeagus with shaft inflated at midlength in ventral view with a pair of small spines near apex; pygofer ventral margin with apical half distinctly margined with several minute teeth; differently shaped dorsal connective.
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) pianmaensis Li & Dai, sp. nov. 44 male habitus, dorsal view 45 male habitus, lateral view 46 face 47 male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view 48 pygofer inner ventral distal margin in direction of arrow in Fig.
Holotype ♂, China: Yunnan Province, Lushui City, Pianma Town, 26°0′34″N, 98°37′55″E, 1152 m above sea level, 26.v.2019, collected by Jia-Jia Wang and Chao Zhang; Paratype: 1 ♂, same data as the holotype (GUGC).
Body color
(Figs
Body form
(Figs
Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) huangi Li & Dai, sp. nov. (after
Aedeagus of Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) species, lateral (61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81) and ventral view (62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82) 61, 62 P. (P.) albus 63, 64 P. (P.) amplificatus 65, 66 P. (P.) anchorides (after
Male genitalia
(Figs
Body length (including tegmen): 4.6–4.7 mm.
China (Yunnan Province).
The specific epithet refers to the type locality of the new species, Pianma Town, combined with the Latin adjectival suffix -ensis, meaning from a place.
The new species has the dorsal connective similar to that in P. (P.) ailaoshanensis, but can be distinguished from the latter by the simple aedeagal shaft without processes; it differs from other congeners by the combined features of dorsal connective, aedeagus and male pygofer processes.
We thank Drs Yun-Fei Wu (China Agricultural University), Zhi-Hua Fan and Chao Zhang (GUGC) for providing specimens examined in this study, and Jing-Fu Tsai (National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan) and Kun-Wei Huang (retired from National Museum of Natural Science) for trying to locate the types of P. (P.) huangi (= P. (P.) femorata Huang & Viraktamath, 1993). We also thank Valérie Lemaître (Natural History Museum, London) for revising the text and together with Dmitry Dmitriev (Illinois Natural History Survey, USA) for nomenclatorial guidance with respect to the new synonymy.
No conflict of interest was declared.
No ethical statement was reported.
The project was supported by a National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32000329), a “City-University Co-construction” Scientific Research Project for State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Qinling-Bashan (No. SXJ-2102), and a Provincial Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Shaanxi University of Technology (No. S202210720030).
Conceptualization–Hu Li, Ren-Huai Dai; original draft–Hu Li; writing review and editing–Michael D. Webb, Hu Li; imaging for specimens–Hu Li, Jia-Jia Wang; illustrators–Hu Li; Fundings–Hu Li.
Hu Li https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5453-6084
Juan Li https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1899-6621
Michael D. Webb https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1312-6142
Jia-Jia Wang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1843-3977
Ren-Huai Dai https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7652-6808
All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.