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Taxonomic revision of the rock-dwelling door snail genus Montenegrina Boettger, 1877 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae)
expand article infoZoltán Fehér, Miklós Szekeres§
‡ Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
§ Biological Research Center, HAS, Szeged, Hungary
Open Access

Abstract

The genus Montenegrina is revised on the basis of material available at the Hungarian Natural History Museum (Budapest), Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (Vienna), and the Naturmuseum Senckenberg (Frankfurt am Main), as well as newly discovered populations. The following new taxa are described: M. haringae sp. n., M. lillae sp. n., M. prokletiana sp. n., M. sturanyana sp. n., M. grammica erosszoltani ssp. n., M. grammica improvisa ssp. n., M. hiltrudae desaretica ssp. n., M. hiltrudae selcensis ssp. n., M. laxa delii ssp. n., M. nana barinai ssp. n., M. prokletiana kovacsorum ssp. n., M. rugilabris golikutensis ssp. n., M. rugilabris gregoi ssp. n., M. skipetarica danyii ssp. n., M. skipetarica gurelurensis ssp. n., M. skipetarica pifkoi ssp. n., M. skipetarica puskasi ssp. n., M. sporadica tropojana ssp. n., M. sturanyana gropana ssp. n., M. sturanyana ostrovicensis ssp. n., and M. tomorosi hunyadii ssp. n. A neotype is designated for M. helvola (Küster, 1860), and M. cattaroensis antivaricostata nom. n. was introduced to replace the junior homonym Clausilia umbilicata costata Boettger, 1907 (non Pfeiffer, 1928). Of each taxon types or specimens from the type localities are figured, and distribution maps are provided.

Keywords

Balkan, Albania, Greece, Montenegro, Macedonia, new taxa, distribution data, types, polytypic species, limestone habitat

Introduction

Montenegrina is an obligate rock-dwelling door snail genus, associated with habitats of limestone outcrops. According to Nordsieck (2007), the genus belongs to the subfamily Alopiinae and, within that, the tribe Montenegrinini, together with Protoherilla Wagner, 1921. A family-wide molecular phylogenetic reconstruction confirmed its belonging to the Alopiinae, and found Alopia Adams & Adams, 1855 and Herilla Adams & Adams, 1855 the closest related genera (Uit de Weerd and Gittenberger 2013).

The geographic range of Montenegrina includes the coastal regions of Montenegro south of the Bay of Kotor, Albania, western Macedonia, and northwestern Greece (Fig. 1). In geographical terms it extends from the southernmost parts of the Dinaric Mountains to the northern part of the Pindos Mountains, and is separated from the eastern Balkans (Moesia) by the Vardar Basin and the Kosovo Plain. Biogeographically this area can be classified as part of the South Adriatic–Ionian province (Griffiths et al. 2004: 262).

Figure 1. 

Geographic distribution of Montenegrina.

The region is rich in limestone, which occurs in discrete karstic patches that are separated by intervening non-limestone (e.g. Quaternary fluvial deposits, flysch, volcanic and metamorphic) regions. For obligate limestone-dwelling gastropods with limited capacity of active dispersal these karst outcrops function as ‘islands’ that offer home to isolated populations (Gittenberger 2007). Nevertheless, in some rare events, local forms can be subject to jump-dispersal, allowing colonization at remote locations (Uit de Weerd et al. 2005). Allopatric distribution, in combination with the restricted dispersal, provides favourable conditions for non-adaptive speciation (e.g. via founder effect, genetic drift), and can give rise to radiation into multiple, morphologically diverse and geographically separated forms (Gittenberger 1991).

Unambiguous application of species and subspecies concepts under these circumstances can be quite challenging. In Balkan species of the rock-dwelling alopiinid door snails related morphotype groups often show higher divergence between than within their isolated populations and, when groups of populations show morphological diversity, their features tend to follow discernible geographical partitioning. In the taxonomical practice such species have been regarded polytypic, in the sense of Mayr’s subspecies concept (Mallet 2007). In Montenegrina the number of traditionally recognized subspecies is high, representing about three-quarters of the described taxa in the genus (Nordsieck 2007). Occasionally the unambiguous delimitation of species can also be problematic. As different morphs only rarely co-occur or meet in a contact zone, reproductive and competitive relationships under natural conditions cannot be ascertained. Consequently, in some cases it can be difficult to judge objectively which forms can or cannot be regarded conspecific (Gittenberger 2007).

During the 19th century the range of Montenegrina, except for the Montenegrin coast, belonged to the reclusive Ottoman Empire and, as a result, remained mostly inaccessible to zoological exploration. Therefore, the first taxa of the genus became known from the Adriatic coast of Montenegro, part of which then belonged to the Austrian Empire. The description of the first species, Clausilia cattaroensis Rossmässler, 1835, was followed by those of C. subcristata Pfeiffer, 1848, C. cattaroensis var. gracilior Küster, 1850, C. helvola Küster, 1860, C. laxa Küster, 1861 (the latter two likely from marine flotsam, see: Nordsieck 1972), C. umbilicata Boettger, 1879, and C. (Herilla) klecaki Westerlund, 1881. Exceptions were C. janinensis Mousson, 1859 and C. rugilabris Mousson, 1859 from the Turkish-occupied region, which Mousson (1859) described from material collected by the Schaefli Expedition to the Ioannina region.

After the turn of the century, Rudolf Sturany and Otto Wohlberedt began exploring the Ottoman-ruled northern Albanian area (Sturany 1905, Wohlberedt 1907). During the 1st World War, wide-scoped Austrian, Hungarian and German expeditions were organized to the northern territories of present-day Albania, eastern Montenegro, Kosovo and western Macedonia, which were then occupied by the armies of the Central Powers (Doflein 1921, Kümmerle 1926, Teleki and Csiki 1922–1940). The molluscs collected on these expeditions were studied by Wagner (1919), Soós (1924) and Hesse (1928). There were only few follow-up malacological studies (e.g. those of Anton Fuchs) between the two World Wars. Molluscs were typically collected as by-products by experts focusing on other groups (e.g. Bischoff, Dabović, Weigner and Winkler). Since the 1960s and 1970s the exploration of Greek and former Yugoslavian areas became intense due to the contributions of Wolfgang Fauer, Hartmut Nordsieck, László Pintér, Péter Subai and, somewhat later, Ivailo Dedov, Peter Reischütz, and Helmut Sattmann. By contrast, Albania was inaccessible for naturalists until the last decade of the 20th century, when finally a substantial set of malacological data from Albania could be published (Dhora and Welter-Schultes 1996, Welter-Schultes 1996).

As Albania and the neighbouring regions still remained the least explored parts of Europe, it became one of the focus areas in the research of the Hungarian Natural History Museum (HNHM). From the late 1990s the HNHM organized nearly a hundred zoological and botanical field expeditions to this area (Barina et al. 2014, Erőss and Fehér 2009, Fehér et al. 2004, Murányi 2007, Murányi et al. 2011), which sampled at thousands of localities that have never been surveyed by naturalists before. These field trips resulted in significant accessions of the Mollusc Collection, providing several undescribed taxa, as well as new distribution records for little-known species of Montenegrina.

This in itself could have justified the need for a taxonomic revision of this genus. But there are also other reasons why Montenegrina became the focus of our interest. The size of its range and the number of known populations deemed large enough, but still accessible to almost comprehensive sampling. Furthermore, its patchy distribution makes this genus an attractive system for molecular phylogenetic, phylogeographic and evolutionary studies that can help better understanding the general mechanisms of speciation and spatial distribution of rock-dwelling gastropods. Such studies, however, require a thorough, morphology-based revision of the taxa.

Methods

In the text common geographic names and terms are given according to their current English usage. However, in the sections listing the available material these names and their spelling often follow those of the literature records or original labels. These, as well as historic or obsolete names, are given between quotation marks. To allow unambiguous identification of locality names geographical objects are often defined by locally used terms. These are as follows:

brana dam (Macedonian)

chuka summit (Macedonian)

çuka summit (Albanian)

farangi canyon (Greek)

gora mountain (Serbian)

izvor spring (Serbian)

lumi river (Albanian)

maja summit (Albanian)

mali mountain (Albanian)

pečina cave (Serbian)

përroi stream, creek (Albanian)

planina mountain (Serbian)

potok stream (Serbian)

qafa mountain pass (Albanian)

shpella cave (Albanian)

shkëmb cliff (Albanian)

ura bridge (Albanian)

In some of the countries different names are used for transboundary objects (e.g. Crni Drin/Drin i Zi/Black Drin, Vjosë/Aoós, Skadar/Shkodër/Skutari, Nemerçkë/Dousko, etc.). In such cases these are mentioned in the form used in the country where the actual site belongs.

The studied samples are in the following collections:

HNC Haus der Natur, Cismar

HNHM Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest

MIZPAS Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish. Academy of Sciences, Warsaw

MMM Munkácsy Mihály Museum, Békéscsaba

NHMUK Natural History Museum, London

NHMW Naturhistorishes Museum, Vienna

NHMW-E Edlauer collection in NHMW

NHMW-K Klemm collection in NHMW

NMBE Natural History Museum Bern

RMNH Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden

SMF Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main

SMNS Stuttgart State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart

SMNS-N Nordsieck collection in SMNS

ZMH Zoological Museum, Hamburg

ZSM Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, München

DED private collection of Ivailo Dedov, Sofia

ER private collection of Zoltán Erőss, Budapest

GR private collection of Jozef Grego, Banská Bystrica

HU private collection of András Hunyadi, Budapest

SZ private collection of Miklós Szekeres, Szeged

Private collections are referred to only when they include type material of the newly described taxa. Numbers of the type specimens are given separately for the dry and alcohol-preserved specimens. Among the latter ‘a’ and ‘aj’ denote adult and recognizable juvenile individuals, respectively.

The names of the frequently mentioned collectors are abbreviated as follows: AH – András Hunyadi, AR – Alexander Reischütz, AS – Anna Szigethy, CN – Csaba Németh, DA – Dorottya Angyal, DM – Dávid Murányi, DP – Dániel Pifkó, EH – Elisabeth Haring, EM – Edvárd Mizsei, GP – Gellért Puskás, HS – Helmut Sattmann, ID – Ivailo Dedov, JG – Jozef Grego, JK – Jenő Kontschán, KJ – Katharina Jaksch, KK – Kornél Kovács, LD – László Dányi, LP – László Pintér, LT – Lilla Tamás, MD – Michael Duda, NR – Nicole Reischütz, PJ – Péter Juhász, PR – Peter L. Reischütz, PS – Péter Subai, TD – Tamás Deli, TK – Tibor Kovács, TH – Tamás Huszár, TN – Tamás Németh, ZB – Zoltán Barina, ZE – Zoltán Erőss, ZF – Zoltán Fehér, ZU – Zsolt Ujvári.

Georeferenced distribution records used in this paper are deposited at the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), http://ipt.pensoft.net/resource?r=montenegrina

Dimensions and whorl numbers are given as shown in Fig. 2. For most of the taxa size data are taken from the literature, preferentially from the original descriptions (unless indicated otherwise). For the new taxa the measurements of the holotypes and 10–12 randomly selected paratypes are given. These were taken from front view images by ImageJ software (Schneider et al. 2012) using landmarks placed on the pictures. The dimensions of the shells are given by size ranges, as well as means and standard deviation values, whereas those of the apertures only by size ranges. In the diagnoses shell height is given simply as large (>20 mm), medium (15–20 mm), small (10–15 mm), or very small (<10 mm).

Figure 2. 

Shell dimensions and whorls counts. Ha: apertute height, Hs: shell height, Wa: aperture width, Ws: shell width.

The terminology of distinctive shell structures is used according to the detailed descriptions provided by Likharev (1962) and Nordsieck (1982), and illustrated in Figs 39. The term lunella complex designates the palatal adduct formed by the fusion of the lunella with the plicae superior and subclaustralis (Fig. 3).

Figure 3. 

Shell structures of the last whorl. lin: lamella inferior, lsc: lamella subcolumellaris, lsu: lamella superior, lun: lunella, ni: neck inflection, nr: neck ribs, pba: plica basalis, ppr: plica principalis, psa: anterior plica superior, psc: plica subclaustralis, psl: plica sulcalis, psu: plica superior.

Figure 4. 

Different exposures of the lamella inferior. A hidden (M. helvola) B weakly emerged (M. okolensis) C well emerged (M. subcristata).

Figure 5. 

Components of the clausiliar apparatus. cla: clausilium plate, lin: lamella inferior, lsc: lamella subcolumellaris, lsp: lamella spiralis, lsu: lamella superior, lun: lunella, pba: plica basalis, ppr: plica principalis, psa: anterior plica superior, psl: plica sulcalis.

Figure 6. 

Relation betwen the lamellae superior and spiralis. A non-overlapping (M. dofleini fagorum) B overlapping (M. perstriata callistoma). lsp: lamella spiralis, lsu: lamella superior, ppr: plica principalis.

Figure 7. 

Variable strengths of the basal (bc) and peripheral crests (pc). A M. prokletiana prokletiana ssp. n. B M. drimmeri C M. helvola helvola D M. perstriata ochridensis E M. rugilabris irmengardis.

Figure 8. 

Positions of the peristome. A strongly projected (M. fuchsi fuchsi) B projected (M. fuchsi pallida) C detached (M. fuchsi klemmi) D attached (M. fuchsi klemmi).

Figure 9. 

Different strengths of the neck sculpture. A finely striate (M. subcristata) B striate (M. hiltrudae sattmanni) C wrinkled-costate (M. skipetarica remota) D costate (M. hiltrudae costulata) E strongly costate (M. skipetarica thysi).

Systematic part

Family Clausiliidae Gray, 1855
Subfamily Alopiinae Wagner, 1913

Montenegrina Boettger, 1877

Montenegrina [Clausilia, Sect. X. Delima, gruppe der cattaroensis] Boettger 1877a: 37.

Clausilia (Heteroptycha) Westerlund, 1884: 5.

Montenegrina [Clausilia (Delima) gruppe A.] – Westerlund 1884: 50.

Montenegrina [Delima, group i.] – Kennard and Woodward 1923: 307.

Heteroptychia (sic!) – Kennard and Woodward 1923: 308.

Delima (Albanodelima) Wagner, 1924: 118. – Wagner 1925: 59.

Montenegrina [Alopia (Delima) a.] – Lindholm 1924: 57.

Heteroptycha [Alopia (Delima) b.] – Lindholm 1924: 57.

Delima (Montenegrina) – Zilch in Wenz 1960: 429–430.

Delima (Heteroptycha) – Zilch in Wenz 1960: 429–430.

Montenegrina (Heteroptycha)Brandt 1961: 1.

Montenegrina (Montenegrina) s. str. – Brandt 1961: 3.

Montenegrina (Beieriella) Klemm, 1962: 242.

Montenegrina Brandt 1962: 141. – Nordsieck 1969: 259. – Nordsieck 1972: 26. – Nordsieck 1974: 149. – Gittenberger 2002: 131. – Welter-Schultes 2012: 326.

Type species

[Montenegrina]: cattaroensis—to our best knowledge, Kennard and Woodward (1923) were the first mentioning this as type species, but without pointing out subsequent designation; [Heteroptycha]: helvola—by monotypy, see Lindholm (1924); [Albanodelima]: umbilicata—subsequent designation by Nordsieck (2001: 20); [Beieriella]: irmengardis—by original designation.

Distribution

Coastal regions of Montenegro south of the Bay of Kotor, Albania, western Macedonia, and northwestern Greece (Fig. 1.).

Ecology

Montenegrina species inhabit rocky habitats, where they feed on the microflora and find hiding place in crevices or among and under boulders. All known populations are associated with limestone environments. The formation and shape of the habitable outcrops can vary considerably even within a species. Suitable habitats include small to large cliffs, gorges, rocky forests, rocky alpine grasslands, or even artificial stone walls along roads (Fig. 10).

Figure 10. 

Typical rocky habitats preferred by Montenegrina species. A Portitsa Gorge of the Venetikos River (type locality of M. hiltrudae maasseni) B rocky ridge of the Ostrovica Mts north of the Faqekuq Summit (type locality of M. sturanyana ostrovicensis ssp. n.) C valley of the Drin upstream of the Koman Dam (near the type locality of M. prokletiana kovacsorum ssp. n.) D roadside cliff near Zaljevo (M. subcristata) E ruins of the medieval fortress at Haj-Nehaj (M. cattaroensis umbilicata) F rocky forest in the valley of the Tropojë Stream (type locality of M. sporadica tropojana ssp. n.) G cliffs along the shore of Lake Prespa near the Sv. Marena church (M. dofleini prespaensis) H rocky grassland in the alpine region of the Galičica Mts south of the Bugarska Summit (M. dofleini dofleini).

Historical background

The first few described taxa of Montenegrina were initially classified within the genus Clausilia Draparnaud, 1805 and, later on, in the subgenus Clausilia (Delima) Hartmann, 1842. In his Clausilia monograph Schmidt (1868) already distinguished C. cattaroensis, C. helvola, C. laxa, and C. subcristata as the group of C. cattaroensis. The name Montenegrina was first used by Boettger (1877a) to designate the cattaroensis group within the subgenus C. (Delima). A formal description of Montenegrina was provided by Westerlund (1884), who included here all aforementioned taxa except C. helvola. For this species, based on its special aperture structure, he established the subgenus C. (Heteroptycha), which was then elevated to genus rank by Kennard and Woodward (1923). Later Zilch (1960) considered Montenegrina and Heteroptycha as subgenera of Delima, whereas Albanodelima Wagner, 1924 as a synonym of Heteroptycha.

Based on genital morphology, Wagner (1924) was the first to unite all Montenegrina species known at that time within one subgenus, Delima (Albanodelima) Wagner, 1924. A description of this taxon, originally outlined only by a list of the involved species, was given in a subsequent publication of Wagner (1925). In this he defined three species groups within D. (Albanodelima). The umbilicata group included D. (A.) umbilicata, D. (A.) cattaroensis, D. (A.) interior (Boettger, 1907), D. (A.) kleciaki, D. (A.) skipetarica (Soós, 1924), D. (A.) subcristata, D. (A.) weigneri Poliński, 1924, and D. (A.) wohlberedti (Möllendorff, 1899). Wagner pointed out that he regarded part of Montenegrina (as used by Kennard and Woodward, 1923) synonymous with this species group. The attemsi group comprised D. (A.) attemsi Wagner, 1914, D. (A.) janinensis, D. (A.) ochridensis Wagner, 1925, D. (A.) perstriata Wagner, 1919, and D. (A.) rugilabris. Finally, the group of helvola included D. (A.) helvola and D. (A.) apfelbecki (Sturany, 1907), with a note that Heteroptycha was considered a synonym of this group. In contrast to this concept, Zilch (1960) referred to Albanodelima as if it had been used by Wagner only for the helvola group, and thus would have been a synonym of Heteroptycha.

Montenegrina was first regarded a distinct genus by Brandt (1961). In the following year Klemm (1962) erected the subgenus M. (Beieriella), which was later rejected by Nordsieck (1972), claiming that it had been based merely on distinctive characters of its type species, M. (B.) irmengardis Klemm, 1962. In the same article Nordsieck also dismissed Heteroptycha as subgenus. Subsequent publications also do not use subgeneric division of Montenegrina (Nordsieck 1969, 1972, 1974, 2009; Erőss et al. 1999, 2006; Welter-Schultes 2012), only species groups are distinguished in Nordsieck’s works.

Assessments of the genital morphology of Montenegrina were provided by Nordsieck (1969, 1972, 2009), based on examinations of M. cattaroensis, M. janinensis, M. rugilabris, M. irmengardis, M. stankovici (Urbański 1960), M. subcristata and M. umbilicata samples (Nordsieck, 2009). Genitalia data were also given on Delima (Albanodelima) apfelbecki, D. (A.) kleciaki and D. (A.) subcristata by Wagner (1925), Clausilia (Delima) skipetarica by Soós (1924), Montenegrina (Beieriella) irmengardis by Klemm (1962), Delima (Montenegrina) perstriata ochridensis by Loosjes (1966), Montenegrina janinensis maasseni Gittenberger, 2002 by Uit de Weerd and Gittenberger (2004) and Montenegrina dofleini sinosi Páll-Gergely, 2010 in its description (Páll-Gergely 2010). Data on the microarmature of the clausilium plate were published by Gittenberger (2002).

The most recent revision of the genus was provided by Nordsieck (2009). In this he distinguished eight species groups, namely those of M. cattaroensis, M. drimmeri Fehér & Szekeres, 2006, M. fuchsi Brandt, 1961, M. janinensis, M. laxa, M. perstriata, M. rugilabris, and M. skipetarica. By and large this concept was adopted in the Fauna Europaea checklist (Bank 2013), which mentions 22 species of Montenegrina with 87 subspecies. In the present paper a revised system of Montenegrina is provided on the basis of the material available at the HNHM, NHMW and SMF collections, as well as that of newly discovered populations.

Montenegrina apfelbecki (Sturany, 1907)

Fig. 11A

Clausilia apfelbecki Sturany, 1907: 233. – Wohlberedt 1909: 101.

Delima (Delima) apfelbeckiSturany and Wagner 1915: 74, plate 16, fig. 91.

Delima (Albanodelima) apfelbeckiWagner 1924: 120. – Wagner 1925: 67, plate 1, fig. 12. (genital anatomy).

Montenegrina apfelbecki Nordsieck 1972: 28. – Zilch 1981: 126, plate 14, fig. 30. – Nordsieck 2009: 75.

Diagnosis

Shell small, light corneous. All whorls smooth, glossy. Neck inflexed, densely striate. Basal and peripheral crests well visible. Peristome detached, ovoid, with simple margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis do not overlap. In front view lamella inferior moderately emerged, weakly-bent subcolumellaris not visible. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral. Basalis mostly absent, rarely residual and separate from the lunella. Subclaustralis very short, sulcalis well developed. Anterior plica superior absent. Clausilium plate almost entirely visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 12.6–16.0, Ws: 3.4–4.2 (syntypes NHMW 41166).

Figure 11. 

A Montenegrina apfelbecki (Sturany, 1907), syntype, NHMW 41166 B M. attemsi attemsi (Wagner, 1914), syntype, SMF 167038 C M. attemsi jakupicensis Fauer, 1993, holotype, SMF 309239 D M. cattaroensis cattaroensis (Rossmässler, 1835), lectotype, SMF 156967 E M. cattaroensis antivaricostata nom. n., lectotype of costata (Boettger, 1907), SMF 176320 F M. cattaroensis umbilicata (Boettger, 1879), lectotype, SMF 176318 G M. chiasma Nordsieck, 1972, paratype, NHMW 75000/-E 32343 H M. dofleini dofleini (Wagner, 1928), Tomoros, original series, ZSM 20150453 I M. dofleini fagorum Nordsieck, 1974, holotype, SMF 227680 J M. dofleini dofleini (Wagner, 1928), paratype of kaiseri, SMF 201563 K M. dofleini kastoriae Nordsieck, 1972, holotype, 221042 L M. dofleini pinteri Nordsieck, 1974, holotype, SMF 227684 M M. dofleini prespaenis Nordsieck, 1988, NHMW 84019 N M. dofleini sinosi Páll-Gergely, 2010, holotype, HNHM 97145 O M. dofleini wagneri Szekeres, 2006, holotype, NHMW 103375. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Type locality

“Mal i Shêit bei Oroshi, Merdita, in einer Höhe von zirka 1500 m” = Albania, Mt. Shënt, ca. 1500 m.

Type material

Type locality, leg. Buljubašić, 1905, syntypes (NHMW 41166/pl., NHMW-E 38290/2, NHMW-K 9368/3, SMF 32771/2, SMF 201619); same data, ex Oberwimmer, syntypes (NHMW 65490/2), same data, ex Käufel, syntypes (NHMW 70409/3).

Distribution

Mount Shënt (Mali i Shëntit) in Northern Albania (Fig. 12).

Figure 12. 

Distribution of Montenegrina apfelbecki. M. attemsi and M. chiasma. M. apfelbecki (star); M. chiasma (circle); M. attemsi attemsi (triangle); M. attemsi jakupicensis (square).

Remarks

Of this taxon only the type series are known. The material was collected during the 1905 expedition organized by Rudolf Sturany, then curator of the Mollusc Collection at NHMW. Sturany was accompanied by Viktor Apfelbeck, curator of the entomological collection at the National Museum of Sarajevo, and Latif Buljubašić, Apfelbeck’s assistant. After a few days of joint work in the Oroshi area Buljubašić was left alone for two months to explore the surrounding Shënt, Munellë and Koritnik mountains (Sturany 1905). During that period Buljubašić acquired a large and diverse invertebrate material, but M. apfelbecki was found only at one site. This suggests that the species was highly local, although the discovered population could have been quite large. In 2014 a thorough search by the first author over the plateau of the Shënt Mountain, along its western slope and northern side toward the Mount Zebë, failed to re-discover the type locality of this species (Angyal et al. 2015). Apparently it is not frequent in the Shënt Mountain, and may only have a very narrow range.

Montenegrina attemsi (Wagner, 1914)

Diagnosis

Shell small, slender, light yellowish-corneous. All whorls smooth. Peristome attached, ovoid to angular, with somewhat swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. In front view lamella inferior hidden or weakly emerged, subcolumellaris broadly-bent. Lunella dorsolateral to lateral, diffuse, not connected to the basalis. Subclaustralis absent or residual, sulcalis present. Anterior plica superior not connected to the lunella complex. Clausilium plate only barely visible through the aperture. Differs from similar-looking M. janinensis by the smaller, more elongate, entirely smooth shell, as well as the less emerged lamella inferior.

Montenegrina attemsi attemsi (Wagner, 1914)

Fig. 11B

Delima (Delima) attemsi Wagner, 1914 in Sturany and Wagner 1915: 73–74, plate 16, fig. 92.

Delima (Albanodelima) attemsiWagner 1924: 120.

Montenegrina janinensis attemsi Nordsieck 1974: 151, plate 5, fig. 28. – Zilch 1981: 129. – Nordsieck 2009: 75.

Diagnosis

Neck striate to striate-costate. Basal crest strong, peripheral crest weak. In front view lamella inferior weakly emerged, broadly-bent subcolumellaris mostly visible. Basalis short, subclaustralis weak. Anterior plica superior mostly present.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 12.0–14.8, Ws: 3.0–3.5 (Nordsieck 1974).

Type locality

“Treska bei Üsküb” = Macedonia, Matka Gorge near Skopje.

Type material

Type locality, leg. Apfelbeck, ex Oberwimmer [10525], syntypes (NHMW 65491/3); same locality, ex Wagner, ex Käufel, syntypes (NHMW-E 9407/3); same locality, ex Käufel, syntypes (NHMW-K 9366/4); same locality, ex Wagner, ex Fuchs, ex Rušnov, ? syntypes (NHMW 70410/3); same locality, leg. Apfelbeck, ex Wagner, ex Brandt, syntype (SMF 167038/1); same locality, ex Käufel, ex Jaeckel, syntype (SMF 201603).

Other material

Macedonia, gorge of the Treska near Skopje, leg. Penther, 11.v.1918 (NHMW 52313); Skopje District, Matka Gorge near the Sv. Andreja Church, 300 m, 41.9610°N, 21.2943°E, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 10.iv.2004. (HNHM 94429); same locality, leg, TD, 2008. (HNHM 99519).

Distribution

The subspecies is known only from the valley of the Treska River (Matka Gorge) in northwestern Macedonia (Fig. 12).

Remarks

Although the description was formally published in Sturany and Wagner (1915), a reprint of the paper had already been printed and circulated in 1914, and the authorship of the taxon has been unequivocally attributed to Wagner.

Montenegrina attemsi jakupicensis Fauer, 1993

Fig. 11C

Montenegrina janinensis jakupicensis Fauer, 1993: 56–57, plate 1, fig. 8. – Nordsieck 2009: 75.

Diagnosis

Neck smooth, basal and peripheral crests weak. In front view lamella inferior mostly hidden, broadly-bent subcolumellaris also not visible. Basalis mostly absent, subclaustralis absent or residual. Anterior plica superior mostly absent.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 12.4–16.9 (holotype 14.2), Ws: 2.7–3.4 (holotype 2.9).

Type locality

Macedonia, Jakupica Mts, Nežilovo, 6.8 km to Dom Čeplez, ca. 1170 m.

Type material

Type locality, leg. PS, 12.vii.1990, holotype (SMF 309239), paratypes (NMBE 535051/6, ZMH 91629/3); Nežilovo, 6.4 km towards Dom Čeplez, ca. 1120 m, leg. PS, 12.vii.1990, paratypes (SMF 309240/1, NMBE 535050/4, ZMH 91628/1, ZHM 91630/1).

Other material

Macedonia, Nežilovo, quarry ca. 10 km on the road to Dom Čeplez, 1230 m, 41.6810°N, 21.4303°E, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 4.iv.2004. (HNHM 95358); Babuna Spring NW of Nežilovo, 1280 m, 41.6903°N, 21.4162°E, leg. DM, TK, 3.x.2013 (HNHM 99520).

Distribution

Southern part of the Jakupica Mts in Macedonia. Known only from a few sites, within a narrow range northwest of Nežilovo village (Fig. 12).

Montenegrina cattaroensis (Rossmässler, 1835)

Diagnosis

Shell medium to large, light corneous. Whorls smooth or indistinctly costate. Neck weakly inflexed, basal and peripheral crests weak to well recognizable. Peristome attached, ovoid to angular, with somewhat swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis mostly overlap. In front view lamella inferior well emerged, medium-bent subcolumellaris mostly visible. Lunella dorsal to dorsolateral, separate from the strong basalis. Subclaustralis well developed, sulcalis present. Anterior plica superior long, separate from the lunella complex. Clausilium plate partly visible through the aperture.

Montenegrina cattaroensis cattaroensis (Rossmässler, 1835)

Fig. 11D

Clausilia cattaroensis Rossmässler, 1835: Heft 2, pp. 8–9, plate 7, fig. 100. – Küster 1844–1862: 40–41, plate 4, figs 14–17. – Pfeiffer 1848: 437–438. – Schmidt 1868: 68.

Clausilia cattaroensis var. gracilior Küster, 1850 in Küster 1844–1862: 40.

Clausilia cattaroënsis (partim) – Walderdorff 1864: 509.

Clausilia (Delima) cattaroensisWesterlund 1884: 53–54. – Wohlberedt 1907: 551. – Wohlberedt 1909: 673–674, plate 14, figs 148–151.

Clausilia (Delima) cattaroensis f. parvula Westerlund, 1884: 54.

Clausilia (Delima) catarvensis (sic!) – Westerlund 1884: 54.

Clausilia (Delima) lævigata Mhlf. – Westerlund 1884: 54.

Clausilia (Delima) lesinacensis Parr. – Westerlund 1884: 54.

Clausilia (Delima) cattaroensis var. graciliorWesterlund 1884: 54.

Delima (Delima) cattaroensisSturany and Wagner 1915: 73–74, plate 16, fig. 92.

Delima (Albanodelima) cattaroensisWagner 1924: 118.

Delima (Montenegrina) cattaroensis – Zilch in Wenz 1960: 429–430, fig. 1526.

Montenegrina cattaroensis Nordsieck 1969: 259. (genital anatomy) – Zilch 1981: 127, plate 12, fig. 16. – Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell mostly large, elongate. All whorls smooth. Neck finely costate. Basal and peripheral crests well recognizable. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. Lunella dorsolateral. Plica principalis often connected to the superior. Sulcalis well developed.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 16.8–26.5 (lectotype 26.0); Ws: 4.3–5.9 (lectotype 5.8) (Kotor NHMW 110430/MN/0068, SMF 156967, SMF 221221). According to Westerlund (1884) the height and width of the smallest specimens (forma parvula) can be 15 mm and 3 mm, respectively.

Type locality

“Cattaro” = Montenegro, Kotor.

Type material

“Dalmatien, Cattaro”, ex Rossmässler, lectotype (SMF 156967), paralectotype (SMF 5021/3, SMF 176307/5 SMF 221221/9)

Other material

Montenegro, Kotor, above the town, leg. Kiss, LP, 9.vii.1985 (HNHM 43127); Kotor, bus terminal, 42.4197°N, 18.7718°E, leg. ZE, ZF, 29.vi.1996 (HNHM 91037); Kotor, Škurda Gorge and N slope of the fortress hill, 80 m, 42.4269°N, 18.7756°E, leg. TD, ZE, ZF (HNHM 99601, NHMW 110430/MN/0068); Bay of Kotor, N of Dobrota, gorge of the Ljuta, 20 m, 42.4862°N, 18.7670°E, leg. LD, ZF, JK, DM, 8.x.2008 (HNHM 99599); Mt. Lovćen, gorge ca. 8 km from Kotor on the Kotor to Njeguši road, 400 m, 42.4024°N, 18.7750°E, leg. LD, ZF, JK, DM, 8.x.2008 (HNHM 99600); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, 21.iv.2000 (HNHM 95412); same locality, leg. TD, ZE, ZF (HNHM 99602, NHMW 110430/MN/0069); 9 km from Kotor on the Kotor to Njeguši road, 450 m, 42.4095°N, 18.7787°E, leg. TD, ZE, ZF (HNHM 99603, NHMW 110430/MN/0070); “Risano über Bocche di Cattaro” (= Risan, above the Bay of Kotor) ex Käufel, ex Rušnov (NHMW Kau-70412); Bay of Kotor, Orahovac, 30 m, 42.4894°N, 18.7641°E, leg. TD, Domokos, Nacsa, Páll-Gergely, 5.iv.2006 (MMM-B01329).

Distribution

This taxon lives at the foot and slopes of the mountains surrounding the Bay of Kotor between Risan and Kotor. We found it along the serpentine road from Kotor to the Mt. Lovćen up to 450 m. It is not syntopic with M. subcristata, which occurs somewhat farther on the Njeguši Plateau, above 800–900 m (Fig. 13).

Figure 13. 

Distribution of Montenegrina cattaroensis. M. cattaroensis cattaroensis (square); M. cattaroensis antivaricostata (empty circle with dot); M. cattaroensis umbilicata (circle).

Remarks

The monograph of Küster (1844-1862) was published in parts over several years. Page 40, where the name gracilior was first mentioned, dates to 1850 (Welter-Schultes 1999).

The distribution record from Herceg-Novi (“Castelnuovo”) by Schmidt (1868) is probably erroneous, as during recent field trips no Montenegrina could be found in that area. Gluhi do, mentioned by Wohlberedt (1901), is a locality of M. subcristata.

Montenegrina cattaroensis antivaricostata nom. n.

Fig. 11E

non Clausilia costata Pfeiffer, 1828: 42, plate 7, figs 17–18.

Clausilia (Delima) umbilicata var. costata Boettger, 1907 in Wohlberedt 1907: 551. – Wohlberedt 1909: 674, plate 14, figs 156–157.

Delima (Albanodelima) umbilicata costataWagner 1924: 118.

Montenegrina umbilicata costata Zilch 1981: 132, plate 12, fig. 18. – Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell medium, tumid. All whorls and the neck with widely-spaced and indistinct wrinkle-ribs. Basal and peripheral crests well recognizable. Lamellae superior and spiralis mostly overlap. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral. Weak sulcalis usually present.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 14.4–23.1, Ws: 4.5–6.0 (topotypes HNHM 83482).

Type locality

“Am Saumpfade zwischen Antivari und Mikulić” = Montenegro, along the path between Stari Bar and Mikulić [costata (Boettger, 1907)].

Type material

Type locality, ex Boettger, ex Wohlberedt, 1906, lectotype (SMF 176320), paralectotype (SMF 176321) [costata (Boettger, 1907)].

Other material

Montenegro, Rumija Mts, 3 km above Stari Bar, on the footpath to Veliki Mikulići, 340 m, 42.0973°N, 19.1458°E, leg. LD, ZF, JK, DM, 14.x.2008 (HNHM 99612); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, 19.iv.2000 (HNHM 83482); same locality, leg. MD, EH, KJ, HS, 7.vii.2015 (NHMW 110430/MN/0155).

Etymology

The new replacement name refers to the historical name of Stari Bar (Antivari).

Distribution

Western side of the Rumija Mts in Montenegro. This taxon was found only at the type locality, parapatrically with M. c. umbilicata. (There is a very narrow transitional contact zone between the two taxa). M. c. umbilicata is wider distributed in the area, and can be found along a large section of the footpath from Stari Bar to Veliki Mikulići (Fig. 13).

Remarks

Although the description of Clausila umbilicata costata was formally published in Wohlberedt (1907), the authorship is unequivocally attributed to Boettger. This name is a primary junior homonym (ICZN Art. 53.3) of Clausilia costata Pfeiffer, 1828 (currently Cochlodina costata), therefore, it must be rejected and replaced by a new substitute name (ICZN Art. 60.3, 72.7).

Montenegrina cattaroensis umbilicata (Boettger, 1879)

Fig. 11F

Clausilia umbilicata Boettger, 1879: 102, plate 2, fig. 3.

Clausilia (Delima) umbilicataWesterlund 1884: 53. – Wohlberedt 1907: 551. – Wohlberedt 1909: 674, plate 14, figs 152–155.

Delima (Albanodelima) umbilicataWagner 1924: 118.

Montenegrina umbilicata Nordsieck 1969: 259. (genital anatomy).

Montenegrina umbilicata umbilicata Zilch 1981: 132, plate 12, fig. 17. – Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell medium to large, tumid. All whorls smooth. Neck finely costate. Basal and peripheral crests weak. Lamellae superior and spiralis mostly overlap. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral. Subclaustralis fused to lunella as its almost straight continuation. Plica principalis often connected to the superior. Weak sulcalis usually present.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 18.5–25.3 (lectotype 19.4), Ws: 4.8–6.6 (lectotype 5.4) (lectotype SMF 176318, paralectotypes SMF 176319, topotypes HNHM 99604, Petrovac NHMW 110430/MN/0073, Haj Nehaj NHMW 110430/MN/0075).

Type locality

“Antivari” = Montenegro, Stari Bar.

Type material

Type locality, ex Boettger, ex Benoit, lectotype (SMF 176318), paralectotype (SMF 176319/5).

Other material

Montenegro, Stari Bar, fortress, 130 m, 42.0939°N, 19.1342°E, leg. LD, ZF, JK, DM, 14.x.2008 (HNHM 99604); Rumija Mts, 2 km above Stari Bar, along the footpath to Veliki Mikulići, 320 m, 42.0978°N, 19.1447°E, leg. LD, ZF, JK, DM, 14.x.2008 (HNHM 99606); 1 km above Stari Bar, both sides of the gorge, 220 m, 42.0996°N, 19.1426°E, leg. LD, ZF, JK, DM, 14.x.2008 (HNHM 99605, HNHM 99607); Mt. Menka near Zaljevo, leg. Papp, 6.iv.1972 (HNHM 31109); Rijeka Reževići, along the Budva to Petrovac road, 100 m, 42.2270°N, 18.9117°E, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, 26.v.2015 (HNHM 99608, NHMW 110430/MN/0072); S of Novoselje, 3.5 km from Petrovac toward Virpazar, 400 m, 42.2178°N, 18.9545°E, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, 26.v.2015 (HNHM 99609, NHMW 110430/MN/0073); Čanj, valley of the Suvi Potok, road to the beach, 40 m, 42.1649°N, 19.0069°E, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, 26.v.2015 (HNHM 99610, NHMW 110430/MN/0074); Haj Nehaj (near Sutomore), quarry, 140 m, 42.1530°N, 19.0237°E, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, 26.v.2015 (HNHM 99611, NHMW 110430/MN/0075).

Distribution

This taxon is distributed sporadically along the southern Montenegrin coast between Budva and Zaljevo (Fig. 13).

Remarks

Earlier M. c. umbilicata used to be classified as a distinct species, but its geographical vicinity and very similar shell characters indicate close relationship with M. cattaroensis.

Wohlberedt (1909) mentions a more southern occurrence, in the Mužura Mts near Ulcinj. This record, however, corresponds to M. subcristata (leg. Winneguth, 1904, NHMW 41258/2).

Montenegrina chiasma Nordsieck, 1972

Fig. 11G

Montenegrina laxa chiasma Nordsieck, 1972: 30, plate 5, fig. 42.

Montenegrina chiasma Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell medium, light violet-brown with whitish tint. Whorls flattened, smooth, only weakly inflexed neck costate. Basal and peripheral crests weak. Peristome broadly attached, ovoid, with somewhat swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis do not overlap. In front view lamella inferior moderately emerged, medium-bent subcolumellaris hidden. Lunella dorsolateral, fused to the short basalis. Subclaustralis also short, sulcalis residual. Anterior plica superior mostly absent, if present short and separate from the lunella complex. Clausilium plate almost entirely visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 16.1–18.0 (holotype 18.0), Ws: 4.2–4.6 (holotype 4.5).

Type locality

Albania, Tiranë District, N slope of Mt. Dajti, 1600 m.

Type material

Type locality, ex Edlauer, paratypes (NHMW 75000/-E 16652/4); Mal i Dajtit, N-slope, 100 m beneath the summit, ex Edlauer, paratypes (NHMW 75000/-E 32343/4). The holotype (NHMW 76600) could not be found in the NHMW collection.

Distribution

This taxon is known from the summit region of the Mt. Dajti (1613 m), east of Tiranë (Fig. 12).

Remarks

The type material is from the collection of Edlauer and, according to the label information, it has been determined as weigneri by Käufel. Therefore, it could have been collected in the 1930s, possibly by Fuchs or Bischoff. Although the type locality seems to be limited to the summit region of the Mt. Dajti, we were unable to find this species there.

Montenegrina dofleini (Wagner, 1928)

Diagnosis

Shell small to medium, light corneous. Neck variably inflexed, basal and peripheral crests weak. Peristome attached, its margin somewhat swollen. Lamellae superior and spiralis separate to overlapping. In front view lamella inferior visible, medium-bent subcolumellaris variably exposed. Lunella dorsal to dorsolateral. Basalis and subclaustralis weak to absent. If present, basalis not connected to the lunella. Anterior plica superior, if present, close and parallel to plica principalis, often connected to the lunella complex. Clausilium plate partly or entirely visible through the aperture.

Montenegrina dofleini dofleini (Wagner, 1928)

Fig. 11H, J

Delima (Montenegrina) dofleini Wagner, 1928 in Hesse 1928: 19.

Montenegrina dofleini dofleini Nordsieck 1974: 153–154, plate 6, figs 31–32. – Zilch 1981: 127. – Nordsieck 2009: 74.

Montenegrina (Montenegrina) kaiseri Brandt, 1961: 4–5, plate 1, fig. 3.

Montenegrina dofleini kaiseri Nordsieck 1974: 154, plate 6, fig. 34. – Zilch 1981: 127. – Nordsieck 2009: 74.

Diagnosis

Shell medium, occasionally with whitish tint. Lower whorls smooth, upper ones very densely striate-costate. Neck weakly inflexed, densely striate-costate. Peristome rounded to ovoid. Lamellae superior and spiralis mostly overlap. In front view lamella inferior more or less well emerged, subcolumellaris mostly visible. Lunella dorsolateral, separate from the short basalis. Subclaustralis and sulcalis absent. Anterior plica superior mostly connected to the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 16.6–21.1, Ws: 4.2–5.5 (Nordsieck 1974).

Type locality

“Tomoros, 1500 m” = Macedonia, Galičica Mts, Tomoros Summit [dofleini]; Macedonia, Galičica Mts, W of Peštani, ca. 1800 m [kaiseri].

Type material

“Tomoros, 1500 m”, leg. Doflein, 24.vii.1918, original series [dofleini], syntype status doubtful (ZSM 20150453/2); Peštani, E of the Tomoros Summit, 1800 m, leg. Kaiser, viii.1958, holotype [kaiseri] (ZMH 2926, ex SMF 163942), paratypes [kaiseri] (SMF 163943/4, SMF 201563, ZHM 2278/8, NMBE 9827/2, NHMW-K 44014/2).

Other material

Macedonia, Ohrid District, Galičica Mts, ca. 4 km N of the junction at the Sveti Naum to Carina road, 1590 m, 40.9934°N, 20.8569°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 16.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0038); ca. 600 m E of the Bugarska Chuka, 1650 m, 41.0026°N, 20.8534°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 16.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0039); ca. 500 m E of the Bugarska Chuka, 1680 m, 41.0019°N, 20.8523°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 16.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0040); ca. 250 m E of the Bugarska Chuka, 1750 m, 41.0033°N, 20.8488°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 16.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0041); Bugarska Chuka, E side, 1800 m, 41.0037°N, 20.8470°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 16.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0042); ca. 300 m W of the Bugarska Chuka, 1740 m, 41.0046°N, 20.8432°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 16.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0043); ca. 200 m N of the Bugarska Chuka, 1800 m, 41.0051°N, 20.8462°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 16.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0044); N of the Magaro Summit, 1820 m, 40.9444°N, 20.8270°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 29.vi.2015 (HNHM 99567, NHMW 110430/MN/0046); N of the Magaro Summit, 1870 m, 40.9439°N, 20.8283°E, leg. ZF, 29.vi.2015 (HNHM 99568, NHMW 110430/MN/0047); N of the Magaro Summit, 1900 m, 40.9429°N, 20.8252°E, leg. ZF, 29.vi.2015 (HNHM 99569, NHMW 110430/MN/0048); SE slope of the Galičica Mts, rocky forest along the Carina to Sveti Naum road, 1000–1200 m, leg. LP, PS, AS, 14.vii.1972 (HNHM 36717, SMF 227682); Elšani, above the Elešec Camp, 760 m, 41.0345°N, 20.8105°E, leg. ZF, KJ, HS, 17.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0045); same locality, leg. LP, PS, AS, 15.vii.1972 (HNHM 36737, HNHM 54405, HNHM 67012, SMF 22768); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 7.iv.2004 (HNHM 94433).

Distribution

This taxon is frequent in the alpine region of the Galičica Mountain. We have found it on the eastern slope of the Bugarska Summit above 1600 m, and on the northern slope of the Magaro Summit above 1800 m. Although sporadically there are occurrences at lower altitudes (e.g. in Elšani at 750 m), on the western slopes of the Galičica, below 1600 m, it is replaced by M. d. fagorum Nordsieck, 1974 (Fig. 14).

Figure 14. 

Distribution of Montenegrina dofleini. M. dofleini dofleini (square); M. dofleini fagorum (inverted empty triangle); M. dofleini kastoriae (star); M. dofleini pinteri (triagle); M. dofleini prespaensis (circle); M. dofleini sinosi (empty circle with dot); M. dofleini wagneri (diamond).

Remarks

According to Wagner (see: Hesse 1928), the material he studied consisted of six shells, only one of them in good condition, which had been dead-collected from the Tomoros, 1500 m, on July 24, 1918. In the ZSM collection there are only two shells, one of these relatively well preserved (Fig. 11H). These are apparently original specimens collected by Doflein. Although no material could be found in the MIZPAS collection (Dominika Mierzwa, personal communication), there is no evidence that the ZSM specimens are part of the material that had been studied by Wagner. Therefore, the syntype status of this sample is doubtful.

Although not synonymizing formally, Nordsieck (2009) has already questioned the subspecific status of kaiseri. Two arguments seem to support Nordsieck’s opinion that kaiseri could be regarded as junior synonym of dofleini. First, according to the label information, the type series of kaiseri were collected in the vicinity of the Tomoros Summit, which is the type locality of dofleini. Second, the paratypes of kaiseri show high variation in the traits defined by Brandt as distinguishing features.

In the original description the type locality of kaiseri was erroneously defined as ‘W of Peštani’ (Brandt 1961), because the Galičica range is east of this village.

The type series of kaiseri was collected by Kaiser, the curator of the ZMH Mollusc Collection at that time, and the entire lot was originally housed in the ZMH. As indicated in the description, Brandt (1961) intended depositing the holotype in the SMF. As this would have been done without authorization, the type was returned to the ZMH (Zilch 1981, Bernhard Hausdorf, personal communication).

Montenegrina dofleini fagorum Nordsieck, 1974

Fig. 11I

Montenegrina janinensis fagorum Nordsieck, 1974: 152, plate 5, fig. 30. – Zilch 1981: 129, plate 13, fig. 27. – Nordsieck 2009: 75.

Diagnosis

Shell small, tumid, with whitish tint. All whorls smooth and glossy. Neck inflexed, behind the aperture finely striate. Peristome rounded to ovoid. Lamellae superior and spiralis mostly do not overlap. In front view lamella inferior moderately emerged, subcolumellaris not or only slightly barely visible. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral, basalis and subclaustralis absent. Sulcalis mostly absent or residual. Anterior plica superior absent or weak, not connected to the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 11.8–14.4 (holotype 13.5), Ws: 3.4–4.0 (holotype 3.7).

Type locality

Macedonia, Galičica Mts, above Trpejca, 10 km toward Carina along the road crossing the Galičica Mts, 1400 m.

Type material

Type locality, leg. Nordsieck, 26.viii.1971, holotype (SMF 227680), paratypes (SMF 227681, NHMW-K 65049/10, SMNS-N 5483), same locality, leg. Fauer, 17.viii.1971, paratypes (SMNS-N 5571, NMBE 535049/3), same locality, leg. LP, PS, AS, 14.vii.1972, paratypes (NMBE 535047/8, HNHM 11915/15, HNHM 67026/2, HNHM 36721/8).

Other material

Macedonia, near the type locality, Korita Spring, 40.9674°N, 20.8149°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 17.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0053); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 6.iv.2004 (HNHM 94244); Galičica Mts, 12 km from the Sveti Naum to Ohrid road toward Carina, 1540 m, 40.9627°N, 20.8171°E, leg. A. Fehér, T. Fehér, ZF, LT (NHMW 110430/MN/0052); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 6.iv.2004 (HNHM 94450); 14 km from the Sveti Naum to Ohrid road toward Carina, Baba observation point, 1600 m, 40.9541°N, 20.8126°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 29.vi.2015 (NHMW 110430/MN/0054); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 6.iv.2004 (HNHM 94451).

Distribution

This taxon inhabits the western slopes of the Galičica Mountain. It was found along the road crossing the mountain from ca. 1300 m to the mountain pass at 1600 m. Nordsieck (1974) mentions this taxon from the Mt. Thatë (southern extension of the Galičica), however those records correspond to another taxon, M. d. wagneri Szekeres, 2006. Our data suggest that the ranges of fagorum and wagneri are disjunct, as we found typical dofleini populations between them in the Magaro Summit area (NHMW 110430/MN/0046–48).

Montenegrina dofleini kastoriae Nordsieck, 1972

Fig. 11K

Montenegrina kastoriae Nordsieck, 1972: 34, plate 4, fig. 33.

Montenegrina dofleini kastoriae Nordsieck 1974: 153. – Zilch 1981: 127, plate 14, fig. 35.

Montenegrina kastoriae kastoriae Nordsieck 2009: 74.

Diagnosis

Shell medium, elongate, whitish-corneous. Lower whorls smooth to indistinctly ribbed, upper ones very densely striate to costate. Neck weakly inflexed, behind the aperture striate to costate. Peristome ovoid to angular. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. In front view lamella inferior moderately emerged, subcolumellaris not or barely visible. Lunella dorsal to dorsolateral, weaker toward the basis. Basalis rarely recognizable, never connected to the lunella. Subclaustralis and sulcalis absent. Anterior plica superior mostly does not reach the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 14.4–20.4 (holotype 19.0), Ws: 3.8–4.6 (holotype 4.5).

Type locality

Greece, Western Macedonia, Kastoria, S side of the peninsula.

Type material

Type locality, leg. H. Nordsieck, 24.viii.1971, holotype (SMF 221042), paratypes (SMF 221043, NHMW-K 65048/10, SMNS-N 5479).

Other material

Greece, Western Macedonia, Kastoria, N side of the peninsula, leg. H. Nordsieck, 24.viii.1971 (SMNS-N 5477, NHMW 77938/5); same locality, behind Yacht Club, 640 m, 40.5233°N, 21.2747°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 28.vi.2013 (HNHM 99570); same locality, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 17.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0050); Florina District, Krystallopigi, above the cemetery, 1120 m, 40.6357°N, 21.0903°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 29.vi.2013 (HNHM 99571); same locality, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 17.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0049).

Distribution

Western part of the Verno Mts in Western Macedonia Province, Greece. Originally this taxon was known only from Kastoria, but recently it has also been found at Krystallopigi, ca. 20 km northwest of the type locality (Fig. 14).

Montenegrina dofleini pinteri Nordsieck, 1974

Fig. 11L

Montenegrina janinensis pinteri Nordsieck, 1974: 154, plate 6, fig. 33.

Montenegrina dofleini pinteri Zilch 1981: 127, plate 15, fig. 39. – Nordsieck 2009: 74.

Diagnosis

Shell medium, elongate, whitish-corneous. Lower and upper whorls with dense, sharp ribs. Neck not or barely inflexed, ribs behind the aperture denser and finer. Basal and peripheral crests very weak. Peristome rounded to somewhat angular. Lamellae superior and spiralis long overlap. In front view lamella inferior moderately emerged, subcolumellaris mostly not visible. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral, separate from the short basalis. Subclaustralis and sulcalis absent. Anterior plica superior mostly connected to the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 14.8–18.9 (holotype 16.9), Ws: 4.1–5.0 (holotype 4.4).

Type locality

Macedonia, Trpejca, north of boat harbor.

Type material

Type locality, leg. LP, PS, AS, 16.vii.1972, holotype (SMF 227684), paratypes (SMF 227685, SMF 265700/4, SMNS-N 6146, NMBE 535039/118, ZMH 91605/3, HNHM 11960/272, HNHM 37763/207, HNHM 37762/3, HNHM 36708/3, HNHM 52687/10, HNHM 67011/6).

Other material

Macedonia, Ohrid District, N of Trpejca, shore of the Lake Ohrid, 700 m, 40.9656°N, 20.7858°E, leg. ZF, 9.viii.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0051); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 6.iv.2004 (HNHM 94438); Sv. Zaum, shore of Lake Ohrid, 40.949°N, 20.774°E (DED).

Distribution

This taxon is known only from the vicinity of Tpejca at the shore of the Lake Ohrid (Fig. 14). At the type locality it occurs in the immediate vicinity of M. stankovici. The two taxa can often be found on the same cliffs, with M. stankovici preferring the lowest regions directly above the water surface, and M. d. pinteri inhabiting higher parts.

Remarks

See considerations on niche segregation at M. stankovici.

Montenegrina dofleini prespaensis Nordsieck, 1988

Fig. 11M

Montenegrina dofleini prespaensis Nordsieck, 1988: 199–200, fig. 4.

Montenegrina dofleini ssp. – Nordsieck 1974: 153.

Montenegrina kastoriae prespaensis Nordsieck 2009: 74.

Diagnosis

Shell medium, elongate. Lower whorls smooth to indistinctly wrinkled, upper ones almost smooth to bluntly costate. Neck very weakly inflexed, behind the aperture striate to finely costate. Peristome attached, ovoid. Lamella superior weak, with spiralis does not overlap. In front view lamella inferior moderately emerged, subcolumellaris mostly not visible. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral, weaker toward the basis. Basalis and subclaustralis mostly absent, residual sulcalis occasionally recognizable. Anterior plica superior absent or, if present, occasionally connected to the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 13.9–19.6 (holotype 16.7), Ws: 3.6–4.5 (holotype 3.9).

Type locality

Greece, Western Macedonia, Psarades, opposite to the village.

Type material

Type locality, leg. HS, 1986, holotype (NHMW 84019), paratypes, (NHMW 84020/46); Psarades, peninsula NW of the village, leg. HS, 1985, paratypes (NHMW 84021/6, SMNS-N 9519).

Other material

Greece, Psarades, N of the village, 860 m, 40.8315°N, 21.0288°E, leg. PS, 10.v.1995 (HNHM 12040); Psarades, E side of the bay, 870 m, 40.8316°N, 21.0287°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 28.vi.2013 (HNHM 99573); same locality, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 18.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0056); SW of Psarades, Panagia Eleousa cave temple, 850 m, 40.8087°N, 20.9979°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 18.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0057); Albania, Korçë District, Kallamas, 850 m, 40.8924°N, 20.9394°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 17.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0055); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 26.vi.2015 (HNHM 99575); Sveta Marena cave temple ca. 4 km E of Kallamas, 850 m, 40.8872°N, 20.9729°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 29.6.2015 (NHMW 110430/MN/0134); 2 km SE of Kallamas, 850 m, 40.8809°N, 20.9590°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 29.6.2015 (NHMW 110430/MN/0135).

Distribution

Lake Prespa area, with sporadical occurrences are along the western and southern shores. Occasinally sympatric, but not syntopic, with M. hiltrudae sattmanni Nordsieck, 1988 and M. h. desaretica ssp. n. (Fig. 14).

Remarks

From the confluence of the Great and Small Prespa Lakes Nordsieck (1988) mentions a further lot of paratypes (NHMW 84022/3) which, in fact, belongs to M. d. sinosi (see there).

Montenegrina dofleini sinosi Páll-Gergely, 2010

Fig. 11N

Montenegrina dofleini sinosi Páll-Gergely, 2010: 150–152, figs 1–2. (genital anatomy, clausilium plate).

Diagnosis

Shell medium, elongate. Lower and upper whorls strongly wrinkled or ribbed. Neck very weakly inflexed, behind the aperture densely striate-costate. Peristome ovoid. Lamella superior weak, does not overlap spiralis. In front view lamella inferior moderately emerged, subcolumellaris mostly hidden. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral, weaker toward the basis. Basalis and subclaustralis mostly absent, residual sulcalis occasionally recognizable. Anterior plica superior absent or, if present, occasionally connected to the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 13.9-16.3 (holotype 15.0), Ws: 3.4-3.7 (holotype 3.5 mm).

Type locality

Greece, Western Macedonia, southern shore of the Prespa Lake, Agios Achillios, near the junction to Psarades, 850 m, 40.8105°N, 21.0702°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. Páll-Gergely, 25.v.2009, holotype (HNHM 97145), paratypes (HNHM 97146/3, SMF 333885/3, NMBE 28607/2, NHMW 107878/2); at the confluence of the Great and Small Prespa Lakes, leg. HS, 21.v.1986, paratypes [prespaensis] (NHMW 84022/3).

Other material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 28.vi.2013 (HNHM 99580); same locality, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 18.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0058).

Distribution

The subspecies is known only from its type locality, which is only at 4 km distance from the nearest occurrence of M. d. prespaensis. Potentially suitable intermediate localities have not been searched, therefore it is not clear whether there are transitional populations between the two taxa (Fig. 14).

Remarks

Morphologically M. d. sinosi might be an extremely ribbed morph of the closely related M. d. prespaensis. Its distinct subspecific status remains questionable until the finer distribution pattern and population genetic relationship of the two taxa becomes better known.

Montenegrina dofleini wagneri Szekeres, 2006

Fig. 11O

Montenegrina apfelbecki wagneri Szekeres, 2006 in Erőss et al. 2006: 186–188, fig. 6.

Diagnosis

Shell small, with whitish tint. All whorls smooth and glossy. Neck very weakly inflexed, behind the aperture finely striate. Basal and peripheral crests very weak. Peristome ovoid. Lamellae superior and spiralis do not overlap. In front view lamella inferior barely emerged. Deep subcolumellaris visible only in obliquely through the aperture. Lunella dorsolateral. Basalis mostly, subclaustralis always absent, sulcalis strong. Anterior plica superior usually absent or, if present, residual and connected to the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Ws: 13.2–14.9 (holotype 14.9), Ws: 3.4–4.3 (holotype 4.2).

Type locality

Albania, Mt. Thatë.

Type material

“Mal i That”, leg. Fuchs, holotype (NHMW 103375), paratypes (NHMW 47961/2).

Other material

Albania, Korçë District, Mt. Thatë, E of Podgorije, ca. 1.3 km E of the Bregu i Stanit Summit, 1830 m, 40.8255°N, 20.8528°E, leg. ZB, CN, DP, 20.v.2007 (HNHM 99576); ca. 4.3 km NW of Liqenas, ca. 700 m south of a summit, 1910 m, 40.8183°N, 20.8728°E, leg. ZB, DP, 22.v.2007 (HNHM 99577); ca. 4.3 km NW of Liqenas, 400 m ESE of a summit, 1780 m, 40.8220°N, 20.8789°E, leg. ZB, CN, DP, 22.v.2007 (HNHM 99578); along the path from Goricë to the ridge, 40.8485°N, 20.8624°E, leg. ZB, CN, Schmotzer, 11.viii.2008 (HNHM 99579); near the ‘Tower of the war’, alpine rocky grassland, 1750 m, 40.9122°N, 20.8498°E, leg. ID, 25.v.2013 (DED); same locality, 1810–1830 m, 40.9136°N, 20.8419°E, leg. ID, 24.ix.2013 (DED); Plaja e Pusit Summit, 2200 m, 40.8799°N, 20.8419°E, leg. ID, 25.vi.2013 (DED).

Distribution

Alpine region (above 1700 m) of the Mt. Thatë in southern Albania. Dedov found this taxon syntopically with M. hiltrudae fusca Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 in the ‘Tower of the war’ area, near the Albanian–Macedonian border (Fig. 14).

Remarks

Due to misinterpretation of the label information, the original description erroneously indicated the type locality as “Maja e Madhe (1796 m), WNW of Peshkopi”.

In Nordsieck’s view (Nordsieck 2009) M. d. wagneri is synonymous with M. d. fagorum. However, in our opinion their distinct subspecies status is well supported by stable differences in shell morphology.

Montenegrina drimmeri Fehér & Szekeres, 2006

Fig. 15N

Montenegrina drimmeri Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 in Erőss et al. 2006: 182–184, fig. 1. – Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell small, tumid. Lower whorls very pale, almost colorless. All whorls costate, ribs stronger, sharper and wider spaced toward the apex. Neck deep inflexed, densely costate. Basal and peripheral crests strong. Peristome attached, rounded to somewhat angular, with wide, simple margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis mostly do not overlap. In front view lamella inferior barely emerged, medium-bent subcolumellaris hidden, often not at all visible through the aperture. Plica principalis fused to the superior. Lunella dorsolateral, connected to the basalis. Subclaustralis shorter than the basalis, sulcalis residual or absent. Anterior plica superior separate from the lunella complex. Clausilium plate only barely visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 11.1–15.4 (holotype 12.6), Ws: 3.8–4.7 (holotype 4.5).

Type locality

Albania, Dibrë District, Lunarë, at the bridge of the Lumi i Murrës (22 km W of Fushë-Muhurr along the Peshkopi to Burrel road) 730 m, 41.6256°N, 20.2498°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 26.vi.2003, holotype (HNHM 94829), paratypes (HNHM 94830/18, NHMW 103271, RMNH 100312, SMF 328075, NMBE 534905).

Other material

Type locality, leg. ZF, DM, ZU, 18.v.2010 (HNHM 99636).

Distribution

Southern part of the Lura-Dejë mountain group in northern Albania. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 16).

Remarks

Nordsieck (2009) placed M. drimmeri into the same species-group with M. fuchsi.

Figure 15. 

A Montenegrina haringae sp. n., holotype, NHMW 111219 B M. fuchsi fuchsi, Brandt, 1961, holotype, SMF 163939 C M. fuchsi klemmi Brandt, 1962, holotype, SMF 167014 D M. fuchsi muranyii Fehér & Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94846 E M. fuchi pallida Fauer, 1993, holotype, SMF 309235 F Montenegrina grammica grammica, Nordsieck, 1988, holotype, NHMW 84026 G M. grammica erosszoltani ssp. n., holotype, HNHM 99512 H M. grammica improvisa ssp. n., holotype, HNHM 99518 I M. helvola helvola (Küster, 1860), Mt. Krujë, HNHM 86052 J M. helvola carinata Erőss & Szekeres, 1996, holotype, HNHM 70836 K M. helvola magna Fehér & Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94848 L M. helvola ornata Erőss & Szekeres, 1996, holotype, HNHM 70838 M M. helvola pageti Brandt, 1962, holotype, SMF 167016 N M. drimmeri Fehér & Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94829. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Montenegrina fuchsi Brandt, 1961

Diagnosis

Shell very small to small, light corneous, whorls smooth to indistinctly wrinkled-costate. Neck deep inflexed, behind the aperture costate. Basal crest strong, peripheral crest well visible to very strong. Peristome with simple margin, narrowly attached to detached and projected. In front view lamella inferior moderately emerged, broadly-bent subcolumellaris not or only barely visible. Lunella dorsal to dorsolateral, subclaustralis short. Anterior plica superior not connected to the lunella complex. Clausilium plate partly visible through the aperture.

Montenegrina fuchsi fuchsi Brandt, 1961

Fig. 15B

Montenegrina (Heteroptycha) fuchsi Brandt, 1961: 2–3, plate 1, fig. 1.

Montenegrina fuchsi fuchsi Zilch 1981: 128, plate 13, fig. 25. – Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell surface indistinctly wrinkled, neck densely costate. Peripheral crest very strong. Peristome detached, strongly projected, rounded to pear-shaped. Lamella subcolumellaris visible through the aperture. Plica principalis often fused to the superior. Lunella dorsal, sulcalis well developed.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 13.6–13.7, W: 2.9–3.0 (width of the penultimate whorl).

Type locality

“An der Straße von Tepelene nach Korzyra” = Albania, valley of the Vjosë River between Kelcyrë and Tepelenë.

Type material

Type locality, ex Käufel, ex Zilch, holotype (SMF 163939); Type locality, leg. Fuchs, 1936, paratypes (NHMW-K 4491/3, NMBE 9825/2, ZMH 113581/3).

Other material

Albania, right bank of the Vjosë at the bridge along the Tepelenë to Kelcyrë road, leg. Fuchs, 1936 (NHMW-K 47960, NHMW-K 32317, NHMW-K 48293, NHMW 21443, ZSM 20150454); “Shendeli bei Tepelenë, 1000 m”, leg. Fuchs (NHMW-K 3238, NHMW-K 48292); Tepelenë District, 7 km W of Këlcyre, near the bridge at the Peshtan junction, 170 m, 40.2961°N, 20.1076°E, leg. ZE, ZF, 6.vii.1996 (HNHM 86048); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, KK, 13.iv.2001 (HNHM 85949), same locality, leg. PJ, TK, DM, GP, 14.x.2013 (HNHM 99563); same locality, leg. DA, ZE, ZF, JG, 29.vi.2014 (HNHM 99333, NHMW 110430/MN/0036).

Distribution

Southern part of the Mt. Shëndel in southern Albania.

Most of the museum lots of this taxon are from the valley of the Vjosë River, west of Kelcyrë, at the foot of the Mt. Shëndel. All of these are probably from the same locality, near the bridge to Peshtan. However, the record by Fuchs (“Shendeli bei Tepelene, 1000 m”) indicates a presumably wider distribution in the Shëndel, north of the type locality (Fig. 16).

Figure 16. 

Distribution of Montenegrina drimmeri and M. fuchsi. M. drimmeri (star); M. fuchsi fuchsi (square); M. fuchsi klemmi (triangle); M. fuchsi muranyii (empty circle with dot); M. fuchsi pallida (circle).

Remarks

Franz Käufel apparently intended to describe this as a new species, and started to distribute material as types. The HNMW 21443 lot contains a handwritten label from Käufel with the name fuchsi, and the indication “Paratypen”. But Käufel’s manuscript has never been published and this taxon was formally described only by Brandt in 1961. Therefore, only the lots designated in Brandt’s (1961) description are considered type material.

Montenegrina fuchsi klemmi Brandt, 1962

Fig. 15C

Montenegrina (Heteroptycha) fuchsi klemmi Brandt, 1962: 143, plate 5, fig. 13.

Montenegrina fuchsi klemmi Zilch 1981: 128, plate 13, fig. 26. – Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell surface smooth to indistinctly wrinkled, neck irregularly costate. Peripheral crest strong. Peristome narrowly attached or detached, rounded. Lamella subcolumellaris barely visible through the aperture. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral, sulcalis well developed.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 10.4–14.0, Ws: 2.6–2.9.

Type locality

“Suhe, Tal d. Lum i Suhes ö. Argyrokastro” = Albania, Gjirokastër District, Suhë, valley of Lumi i Suhës.

Type material

Type locality, leg. Fuchs, 1931, holotype (SMF 167014), paratypes (SMF 167015/2, NHMW-E 32491/23, NMBE 9826/4, ZMH 113579/2).

Other material

Type locality, ex Klemm (SMF 201621/2) [although mentioned as paratypes by Zilch (1981), the original description does not mention this lot]; same locality, without date (NHMW-K 48294/7) [although indicated on the label as type, the original description does not mention it]; Gjirokastër District, between Suhë and Poliçan, leg. Fuchs, 1936. (NHMW-E 32441, NHMW-K 48295); 3 km NE of Suhë, along the Libohovë to Sheper road, 430 m, 40.0882°N, 20.2716°E, leg. ZF, JK, DM, 12.x.2004 (HNHM 95049); same locality, leg. DA, ZE, ZF, JG, 27.vi.2014 (HNHM 99272, NHMW 110430/MN/0037); 5 km NE of Suhë, 420 m, 40.0915°N, 20.2922°E, leg. ZF, JK, DM, 12.x.2004 (HNHM 95050).

Distribution

Lunxhëri Mts in southern Albania. Known only from the gorge of the Suhë Creek crossing the mountain east to west between Suhë and Poliçan (Fig. 16).

Montenegrina fuchsi muranyii Fehér & Szekeres, 2006

Fig. 15D

Montenegrina fuchsi muranyii Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 in Erőss et al. 2006: 189–190, fig. 9. – Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell very small, light corneous. All whorls smooth or very finely, indistinctly wrinkled. Neck weakly inflexed, densely wrinkled-costate. Basal and peripheral crests well recognizable. Peristome rounded to ovoid, with simple margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis do not overlap. In front view lamella inferior moderately emerged, subcolumellaris not visible. Lunella dorsolateral. Basalis absent or weak and separate from the lunella. Subclaustralis absent, sulcalis weak to residual. Anterior plica superior mostly present, not connected to the lunella complex. Clausilium plate not or only barely visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 8.9–11.9 (holotype 10.9), Ws: 2.8–3.4 (holotype 3.4).

Type locality

Albania, Berat District, Tomorr Mts, Kalaja e Tomorrit, 1100 m, 40.7025°N, 20.1093°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. Harmos, DM, 26.v.2004, holotype (HNHM 94846), paratypes (NHMUK 20050219, HNC 63183, HNHM 94847/39, NHMW 103277, RMNH 100307, SMF 328081).

Distribution

Tomorr Mts in southern Albania. This taxon is known only from the type locality, which is a western extension of the Tomorr (Fig. 16).

Montenegrina fuchsi pallida Fauer, 1993

Fig. 15E

Montenegrina fuchsi pallida Fauer, 1993: 54–55, plate 1, fig. 6. – Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell surface indistinctly wrinkled-costate, stronger at the upper whorls. Neck with sharp ribs and well visible recognizable peripheral crest. Peristome detached, projected, ovoid. Lamella subcolumellaris visible through the aperture. Lunella dorsal, sulcalis weak to residual.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 10.7–15.5 (holotype 12.5), Ws: 2.8–4.1 (holotype 3.4).

Type locality

Greece, Epirus, Pogonisko junction on the Konitsa to Molivdokepastos road, 500 m.

Type material

Type locality, leg. Fauer, PS, 26.ix.1989, holotype (SMF 309235), paratypes (SMF 309236/2, NMBE 534897/115, SMNS-N 9792, NHMW 103730/1); same locality, leg. PS, 16.vii.1990, paratypes (NMBE 534896/95).

Other material

Type locality, 40.0468°N, 20.5648°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 26.vi.2013 (HNHM 99566).

Distribution

Southern part of the Dousko (Nemërçkë) Mountain, in Epirus, northwestern Greece. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 16).

Montenegrina grammica Nordsieck, 1988

Diagnosis

Shell very small to small, neck inflexed, with strong peripheral crest. Peristome attached, with swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis do not or only occasionally overlap. In front view lamella inferior barely to moderately emerged, medium-bent subcolumellaris mostly not visible. Lunella broad, dorsolateral to lateral. Basalis absent or short, if present fused to or separate from lunella. Subclaustralis and sulcalis residual or absent. Anterior plica superior absent or weak and separate from the lunella complex. Differs from M. janinensis by the smaller, more conical and stronger sculptured shell, as well as the deeper inflexed neck and broadly-bent lamella subcolumellaris.

Montenegrina grammica grammica Nordsieck, 1988

Fig. 15F

Montenegrina janinensis grammica Nordsieck, 1988: 198–199, fig. 2. – Nordsieck 2009: 75.

Diagnosis

Shell light corneous. Lower whorls smooth to indistinctly costate-weinkled, upper ones with strong ribs. Neck smooth to weakly wrinkled, with weak basal crest. Peristome rounded. Lamellae superior and spiralis do not overlap. In front view lamella inferior barely emerged, subcolumellaris mostly not visible. Lunella dorsolateral. Basalis absent or residual and fused to the lunella. Anterior plica superior mostly absent, rarely weak and separate from the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 9.8–10.3 (holotype 9.8), Ws: 2.9–3.4 (holotype 3.1).

Type locality

Greece, Gramos Mts, mountain ridge NNW of the Epano Arena, ca. 2000 m.

Type material

Type locality, leg. HS, 3.vii.1986, holotype (NHMW 84026), paratypes (NHMW 84027/8).

Other material

Greece, Gramos Mts, W of Epano Arena summit, 2000 m, 40.3090°N, 20.8981°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 27.vi.2013 (HNHM 99628).

Distribution

Gramos Mts in northwestern Greece. Known only form the northern side of the Epano Arena. In that area it lives syntopically with the more frequent and wider distributed M. skipetarica pindica Nordsieck, 1988 (Fig. 17).

Figure 17. 

Distribution of Montenegrina grammica and M. haringae sp. n. M. grammica erosszoltani ssp. n. (square); M. grammica grammica (diamond); M. grammica improvisa ssp. n. (triangle); M. haringae sp. n. (circle).

Montenegrina grammica erosszoltani ssp. n.

Fig. 15G

Diagnosis

Very small subspecies with dorsolateral lunella, missing basalis and non-connected anterior plica superior.

Description

The very small, somewhat conical, greyish-corneous shell consists of 7½ to 9 whorls. The entire surface is strongly costate, with denser ribs behind the aperture and toward the apex. The deep neck inflection extends to the lateral side. The basal and peripheral crests are well developed. The ovoid to circular aperture has broadly attached, simple margin. The lamellae superior starts at the same depth as that of the end of the spiralis, occasionally with a slight overlap. The lamella inferior and medium-bent subcolumellaris are only rarely and slightly visible in front view. The broad lunella is dorsolateral. The basalis and subclaustralis are missing, the sulcalis is present. The weak anterior part of the plica superior initiates far from the lunella complex. Only the parietal edge of the clausilium plate is visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Holotype Hs: 8.9, Ws: 3.0, Ha: 2.4, Wa: 2.1; paratypes (HNHM 99513, n = 12): Hs: 8.5–11.4 (mean 9.5, S.D. 0.77), Ws: 2.6–3.3 (mean 2.9, S.D. 0.21), Ha: 2.3–2.9, Wa: 1.9–2.4.

Differential diagnosis

The new subspecies differs from M. g. grammica by its strongly costate whorls and the presence of the anterior plica superior, whereas from M. g. improvisa by its smaller size, costate surface, deeper ending lamella subcolumellaris, and missing basalis.

Type locality

Albania, Mat District, W of the Shkëmb i Skanderbeut (1 km from the Peshkopi to Burrel road toward Fushë-Lurë), 1160 m, 41.6461°N, 20.1807°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, DM, 13.iv.2006, holotype (HNHM 99512), paratypes (HNHM 99513/52, ER/52, HU/52, SZ/5); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, 11.x.2005, paratypes (HNHM 99514/138+5aj, MMM-B01327/138, ER/138, SZ/10); same locality, leg. ZF, DM, ZU, 18.v.2010, paratypes (HNHM 99515/3a+75, NHMW 111233/10); on the Peshkopi to Burrel road, 1 km W of the Fushë-Lurë junction, 1090 m, 41.6451°N, 20.1823°E, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, DM, 13.iv.2006, paratypes (HNHM 99516/27, ER/27, HU/27, SZ/5); Mali i Dejës, limestone hill of 1700 m height above the headwaters of the Lumi i Varoshit, 1540 m, 41.6746°N, 20.2112°E, leg. ZF, DM, ZU, 18.v.2010, paratypes (HNHM 99517/3+1a, SZ/2).

Etymology

The new subspecies is named after our friend and colleague Zoltán Erőss, who accompanied the first author on several Balkan field trips, including the one during which this taxon was discovered.

Distribution

Southern part of the Lura-Dejë mountain group, within the catchment area of the Varosh Stream (Fig. 17).

Remarks

At one of the localities it was found syntopically with M. skipetarica puskasi ssp. n.

Montenegrina grammica improvisa ssp. n.

Fig. 15H

Diagnosis

Small subspecies with almost smooth shell, dorsolateral to lateral lunella, short, non-connected basalis, and missing anterior plica superior.

Description

The medium-size, light brownish-corneous shell consists of 9½ to 11 whorls. The surface is smooth at the lower whorls and becomes weakly, indistinctly costate toward the apex. The neck is irregularly and finely wrikled-costate, and behind the aperture densely striate. The basal and peripheral crests are well developed. The peristome is attached, ovoid to somewhat angular, with slightly swollen margin. The lamellae superior and spiralis occasionally overlap. In front view the straight descending end of the lamella inferior is visible, the subcolumellaris is hidden. The lunella is broad, dorsolateral to lateral, separate from the short basalis. The subclaustralis is absent, the sulcalis is residual or also missing. The clausilium plate cannot be viewed through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Holotype Hs: 14.4, Ws: 3.8, Ha: 3.6, Wa: 2.4; paratypes (HNHM 99019, n = 12): Hs: 12.8–14.4 (mean 13.7, S.D. 0.50), Ws: 3.3–4.2 (mean 3.6, S.D. 0.26), Ha: 3.0–3.6, Wa: 2.0–2.6.

Differential diagnosis

The new taxon can be distinguished from M. g. grammica and M. g. erosszoltani by its larger and smoother shell, deep-ending lamella subcolumellaris, deeper lunella, and the presence of a short basalis.

Type locality

Albania, Mat District, Gropa Mts, 3.5 km W of Gurri i Bardhë, N slope of the Maja e Bastarit, 1160 m, 41.4361°N, 20.0485°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 15.iv.2014, holotype (HNHM 99518), paratypes (HNHM 99019/29+18a+8aj, NHMW 111234/5, SZ/3).

Etymology

The name improvisa refers to the unexpected, accidental discovery of the new subspecies.

Distribution

Gropa Mts in Central Albania. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 17).

Montenegrina haringae sp. n.

Fig. 15A

Diagnosis

Small to medium-size species with broadly attached peristome, broadly-bent lamella subcolumellaris, dorsal lunella, and weak, separate basalis.

Description

The small to medium-size, tumid, light corneous shell consists of 8 to 9½ whorls. The entire surface is opaque and smooth, except for the inflexed neck that is weakly costate behind the aperture. The basal and peripheral crests are weak. The aperture is ovoid, somewhat angular, broadly attached, with simple peristome margin. The long lamella superior only barely overlaps with the spiralis. In front view the lamella inferior is moderately emerged, the end of the broadly-bent subcolumellaris is usually visible. The dorsal lunella is separate from the weak, lump-like basalis. The subclaustralis is absent, the sulcalis is residual or also absent. The anterior part of the plica superior is absent or weak, non-parallel to the principalis, separate from the lunella complex. The narrow clausilium plate is partly visible through the aperture, its proximal half is obscured by the deep-emerged lamella inferior.

Dimensions

(in mm). Holotype Hs: 14.8, Ws: 4.3, Ha: 3.6, Wa: 2.9; paratypes (NHMW 111220, n =12): Hs: 12.5–17.4 (mean 14.7, S.D. 1.44), Ws: 3.7–4.8 (mean 4.4, S.D. 0.26), Ha: 3.3–4.1, Wa: 2.9–3.7 mm.

Differential diagnosis

Compared to species of the surrounding coastal regions, the new taxon can be distinguished from both M. cattaroensis and M. subcristata by its smaller size, less deep lunella, missing subclaustralis and weak or absent anterior plica superior. From all other species of the genus differs by the combination of a dorsal lunella and the absence of subclaustralis.

Type locality

Albania, Shkodër District, Mt. Renc, dry gorge S of Baks-Rjollë, (SW of the Maja e Zezë), 30 m, 41.8577°N, 19.4923°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, 27.v.2015, holotype (NHMW 111219), paratypes (NHMW 111220/65, HNHM 99483/61, MMM-B01324/61, SZ/5); above Baks-Rjollë, S slope of the Maja e Zezë, 100 m, 41.8569°N, 19.5044°E, leg. ZB, DP, GP, 4.v.2014, paratypes (HNHM 99061/4, SZ/1).

Etymology

The new species is named after Elisabeth Haring, head of the Central Research Laboratories at NHMW, who provided support and inspiration to this study.

Distribution

Mt. Renc in northwestern Albania (Fig. 17).

Montenegrina helvola (Küster, 1860)

Diagnosis

Shell small to large, light corneous. Whorls smooth to indistinctly costate. Neck deep inflexed, costate. Basal and peripheral crests strong. Peristome detached, projected, rounded to pear-shaped, with simple margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis long overlap. In front view lamella inferior high-ending, hidden to moderately emerged. Broadly-bent subcolumellaris retracted, not visible through the aperture. Lunella dorsolateral to ventrolateral. Basalis absent to long and fused to the lunella as its almost straight continuation. Subclaustralis absent or short, perpendicular to the lunella. Sulcalis absent or residual. Anterior plica mostly present, separate from the lunella complex. Clausilium plate not or only barely visible through the aperture.

Montenegrina helvola helvola (Küster, 1860)

Fig. 15I

Clausilia helvola Küster, 1860 – Küster 1844-1862: 176, plate 19, figs 15–18. – Schmidt 1868: 70–71.

Clausilia (Heteroptycha) helvolaWesterlund 1884: 40.

Delima (Alpidelima) helvolaWagner 1924: 120.

Delima (Heteroptycha) helvola – Zilch in Wenz 1960: 429–430, fig. 1527.

Montenegrina helvola helvola Zilch 1981: 128. – Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell small to medium. Lower whorls smooth, upper ones indistinctly wrinkled-costate. Neck wrinkled-costate. Peristome rounded to pear-shaped. In front view lamella inferior very high, barely emerged. Lunella dorsolateral. Basalis absent or residual and fused to the lunella. Subclaustralis weak and short, sulcalis residual. Anterior plica superior short, occasionally absent. Clausilium plate barely visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 12.5–19 (neotype: 18.5), Ws: 3.5–4.6 (neotype: 4.5) (SMF 94110a, HNHM 86051).

Type locality

Albania, Krujë, Skanderbeg Fortress (due to the present neotype designation). In the original description the locality was given as “Dalmatien”. According to Wagner (1924), the original material was collected in Slano (southern Dalmatia) from marine flotsam.

Type material

Albania, Mali i Krujës, inside the Skanderbeg Castle, ex K. L. Pfeiffer, ex Fuchs, 1941, neotype (SMF 94110a) (Zilch in Wenz 1960: fig. 1527.).

Other material

Same as that of the neotype (NHMW-E, NHMW-E 33201, NHMW-E 32547, NHMW-K 50602, NHMW-K 48291 NHMW-K 54388); Krujë, castle, 600 m, 41.5107°N, 19.7947°E, leg. ZE, ZF, KK, 10.iv.2001 (HNHM 86054); Mali i Krujës, S slope at 1200 m, “zum Derwischgrab”, leg. Fuchs (NHMW-E 16727/6); same locality at 1000 m, leg. Fuchs (NHMW-E 16501/3); Mali i Krujës, above Krujë, ca. 1000 m, 41.5222°N, 19.8055°E, leg. ZF, Kónya, 14.ix.1994 (HNHM 86051); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, KK, 10.iv.2001 (HNHM 86052); Krujë, road to the Qafa e Shtamës, 41.5220°N, 19.7939°E, leg. AR, NR, PR, ix.2013 (NHMW 10.430/MN/0076); Mali i Krujës above Noi, along the Burrel to Krujë road, 700 m, 41.5229°N, 19.8164°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 26.x.2002 (HNHM 91606).

Distribution

Mt. Krujë in central Albania. Known from the fortress of Krujë and some other sites on the Mt. Krujë, above and east of the town (Fig. 18).

Figure 18. 

Distribution of Montenegrina helvola. M. helvola carinata (square); M. helvola helvola (diamond); M. helvola magna (inverted triangle); M. helvola ornata (triangle); M. helvola pageti (circle).

Remarks

The first volume of the Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet (Küster 1844–1862) was published in parts. Plate 19, with a figure of M. helvola but without description, was printed in 1853. The description (at p. 176), however, was published only in 1860 (Welter-Schultes 1999).

Without specific type locality it was not possible to ascertain where Küster’s material originated from. Zilch (1960) depicted a specimen from Krujë, which was subsequently used as reference for the taxon without any nomenclatural relevance. The original type material could not be found in the public collections that currently hold remnants of Küster’s collection. Therefore, we can reasonably assume that it has been lost. In order to clarify and fix the taxonomic status and the type locality of helvola it is necessary to designate a neotype, in accordance with ICZN Art. 75.3. To preserve nomenclatural stability, we think it is justified to designate as neotype the specimen that has been used as reference for the taxon since Zilch (1960).

Wagner (1924) mentioned helvola as a species of Alpidelima. But in the same paper he listed it under Albanodelima, suggesting Alpidelima could have been merely a typographic error.

Montenegrina helvola carinata Erőss & Szekeres, 1999

Fig. 15J

Montenegrina helvola carinata Erőss & Szekeres, 1999 in Erőss et al. 1999: 449–450, fig. 4.

Diagnosis

Shell small to large, slender. Lower whorls smooth to finely, indistinctly costate, upper ones wrinkled-costate. Neck strongly costate. Peripheral crest particularly strong, extends to the entire last whorl. Peristome pear-shaped. In front view lamella inferior hidden or only barely emerged. Lunella ventrolateral, fused to the long basalis. Subclaustralis short, sulcalis absent or residual. Anterior plica superior long. Clausilium plate not visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 15.4–21.2 (holotype 18.9), Ws: 3.4–4.2 (holotype 3.7).

Type locality

Albania, Mallakastër District, 4 km SSE of Greshicë, gorge of the Përroi i Povlit (in the description erroneously given as Konakut Valley), 150 m, 40.5356°N, 19.7964°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZE, 17.viii.1993, holotype (HNHM 70836), paratypes (HNHM 70837/2, NHMW 100077/2, SMF 312506/2, NMBE 534907/1, NMBE 22595/1).

Other material

Type locality, leg. ZF, JK, DM, 11.x.2004 (HNHM 95051); Byllis, 40.5447°N, 19.7389°E, leg. AR, NR, PR, ix.2003 (NHMW 110430/MN/0078); Poçem, bank of the Vjosë, 50 m, 40.4926°N, 19.7261°E, leg. ZB, DP, GP, 11.v.2014 (HNHM 99618).

Distribution

Mallakastër Hills in southern Albania, in the lower valley of the Vjosë River. Known localities are within 5 km from each other (Fig. 18).

Remarks

Nordsieck (2009) mentions this taxon from Mollas, which record presumably refers to M. h. ornata Erőss & Szekeres, 1999.

Montenegrina helvola magna Fehér & Szekeres, 2006

Fig. 15K

Montenegrina helvola magna Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 in Erőss et al. 2006: 190, fig. 10. – Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell medium to large, ventricose. Lower whorls smooth, upper ones smooth to indistinctly wrinkled-costate. Neck wrinkled-costate. Peristome pear-shaped to somewhat angular. In front view lamella inferior barely emerged. Lunella lateral, fused to the short basalis. Subclaustralis and sulcalis residual. Anterior plica superior long, rarely connected to the lunella complex. Clausilium plate not visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 14.5–20.6 (holotype 18.7), Ws: 3.7–5.0 (4.2).

Type locality

Albania, Mat District, Ura e Vashës, in the gorge of the Lumi i Matit, at its confluence with the Përroi i Gurri i Bardhit, 350 m, 41.4677°N, 20.1048°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZF, JK, DM, 9.x.2004, holotype (HNHM 94848), paratypes (HNHM 94849/26, NHMW 103278, SMF 328082).

Other material

Type locality, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 15.iv.2014 (HNHM 99010); between Fshat and Shkallë, N slope of the Mt. Kjuteti, 450 m, 41.4794°N, 20.0814°E, leg. ZB, DP, B. Pintér, 27.v.2007 (HNHM 99619); 6 km S of Gurri i Bardhë along the Klos to Elbasan road, gorge of the Lumi i Guisës, 1030 m, 41.4306°N, 20.0920°E, leg. LD, ZE, ZF, AH, DM, 30.vi.2007 (HNHM 99622); Librazhd District, Orenjë, 720 m, 41.2802°N, 20.2100°E, leg. ZF, EM, 13.iv.2014 (HNHM 98962).

Distribution

Gropa-Bizë-Martanesh mountain group in central Albania. The most distant sites are ca. 25 km from each other (Fig. 18).

Montenegrina helvola ornata Erőss & Szekeres, 1999

Fig. 15L

Montenegrina helvola ornata Erőss & Szekeres, 1999 in Erőss et al. 1999: 450–451, fig. 5. – Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Montenegrina n. sp. – Dhora and Welter-Schultes 1999: 17.

Montenegrina helvola carinata Nordsieck 2009: 77, plate 2, figs 6–7.

Diagnosis

Shell small to medium. All whorls indistinctly wrinkled-costate. Neck wrinkled-costate. Peristome pear-shaped. In front view lamella inferior barely emerged. Lunella lateral-ventrolateral, fused to the short basalis. Subclaustralis residual, sulcalis residual or absent. Anterior plica superior long. Clausilium plate not visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 13.2–16.9 (holotype 15.7), Ws: 3.0–3.9 (holotype 3.3).

Type locality

Albania, Elbasan District, Petresh (= 5 km SSE of Graçen), along the Tiranë to Elbasan road, S of the village, 440 m, 41.1030°N, 20.0064°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZE, 19.viii.1993, holotype (HNHM 70838), paratypes (HNHM 70839/2, NHMW 100079/2, SMF 312507/2, NMBE 534906/1, NMBE 22594/1).

Other material

Type locality, leg. ZF, TK, DM, 22.vi.2012 (HNHM 99617); “Elbasan Paß”, leg. Jaeckel (NHMW-K 57868/1, NHMW-K 47293/1); 1 km SE of Shkamë (near Mollas), W side of the Mt. Sulovë, 480 m, 40.9280°N, 20.0305°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 29.vi.2003 (HNHM 94904).

Distribution

Krabba and Sulovë Mts in central Albania. The type locality is in the southern part of the Krraba Mountain, and presumably the site “Elbassan-paß, 800 m” given by Jaeckel and Schmidt (1961) can be in the vicinity. We found this subspecies in the Mt. Sulovë, at ca. 20 km from the type locality, and isolated from it by a wide, non-rocky flysch zone. Some other locality records in the literature from the Mt. Sulovë (Dhora and Welter-Schultes 1999, Nordsieck 2009) presumably also correspond to this taxon (Fig. 18).

Montenegrina helvola pageti Brandt, 1962

Fig. 15M

Montenegrina (Heteroptycha) pageti Brandt, 1962: 143–144, plate 5, fig. 14.

Montenegrina helvola pageti Zilch 1981: 128, plate 13, fig. 24. – Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell small to medium. Lower whorls smooth, upper ones indistinctly wrinkled-costate. Neck densely costate. Basal crest strong, peripheral crest very strong. Peristome pear-shaped. In front view lamella inferior more or moderately emerged. Lunella lateral, fused to the short basalis. Subclaustralis and sulcalis residual or absent. Anterior plica superior long. Clausilium plate not visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 13.2–16.9, Ws: 3.4–4.2.

Type locality

“Berat (Perat) in S-Albanien, am Abhang des Festungsberges” = Albania, Berat district, Berat, slope of the castle hill.

Type material

“Perat, Festungberg”, ex Zilch, leg. Fuchs, 1936, holotype (SMF 167016), paratypes (SMF 167017/2, SMF 201625/2, NHMW-E 16552/20, NHMW-K 48296/5, ZMH 85772/3); “Berat, Festungsberg”, leg. Fuchs, ex Brandt, ? paratypes (type status not indicated on the label) (ZSM 20150455/3).

Other material

Berat, SW side of the castle hill, 70 m, 40.7041°N, 19.9479°E, leg. DA, ZE, ZF, JG, 27.vi.2014 (HNHM 99616, NHMW 110430/MN/0077).

Distribution

Known only from the castle hill of Berat (type locality), which is one of the westernmost foothills of the Tomorr Mts (Fig. 18).

Montenegrina hiltrudae Nordsieck, 1972

Diagnosis

Shell small to large, light corneous to light brown. Lower whorls smooth to costate, sculpture stronger toward the apex. Neck variably inflexed. Basal crest weak to strong, peripheral crest weak to not recognizable. Peristome circular to ovoid, with simple to swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis with no to long overlap. In front view lamella inferior more or less well emerged, broadly-bent subcolumellaris variably exposed. Lunella dorsal to dorsolateral. Basalis absent to strong, fused to or separate from the lunella. Subclaustralis absent to weak, sulcalis rudimentary to strong. Anterior plica superior present, connected to or separate from the lunella complex. Clausilium plate partly visible through the aperture.

Montenegrina hiltrudae hiltrudae Nordsieck, 1972

Fig. 19A

Montenegrina hiltrudae Nordsieck, 1972: 33–34, plate 4, fig. 32.

Montenegrina hiltrudae hiltrudae Zilch 1981: 128, plate 14, fig. 35. – Nordsieck 2009: 74.

Diagnosis

Shell small to medium, tumid, light corneous. Lower and upper whorls distinctly costate, ribs sharper behind the aperture. Neck weakly inflexed. Basal crest strong, peripheral one not recognizable. Peristome detached, circular to ovoid, with swollen, reflexed margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis mostly overlap. In front view lamella inferior well emerged, medium-bent subcolumellaris mostly visible. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral, weakens toward the basis. Basalis absent or weak and separate from the lunella. Subclaustralis very short, sulcalis present. Anterior plica superior occasionally connected to the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 13.9–17.4 (holotype 15.9), Ws: 4.0–5.0 (holotype 4.3).

Figure 19. 

A Montenegrina hiltrudae hiltrudae Nordsieck, 1972, holotype, SMF 221046 B M. hiltrudae costulata Erőss & Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94893 C M. hiltrudae dennisi Gittenberger, 2002, paratype, SMF 331782 D M. hiltrudae densicostulata Nordsieck, 1974, holotype, SMF 227686 E M. hiltrudae desaretica ssp. n., holotype, NHMW 111250 F M. hiltrudae fusca Fehér & Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94895 G M. hiltrudae maasseni Gittenberger, 2002, paratype, SMF 331784 H M. hiltrudae protruda Gittenberger, 2002, paratype, SMF 331780 I M. hiltrudae robusta Nordsieck, 2009, SMF 328778 J M. hiltrudae sattmanni Nordsieck, 1988, holotype, NHMW 84028 K M. hiltrudae selcensis ssp. n., holotype, NHMW 111216 L M. minuscula Erőss & Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94831. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Type locality

Greece, Western Macedonia, near Vogatsikon, on the road to Germas (= Yermas).

Type material

Type locality, leg. H. Nordsieck, 23.viii.1971, holotype (SMF 221046), paratypes (SMF 221047, SMNS-N 5476, NHMW 77935/5, NHMW-K-65052/11).

Distribution

Southern part of the Verno Mts in Western Macedonia (Greece). Known only from the type locality (Fig. 20).

Figure 20. 

Distribution of Montenegrina hiltrudae. M. hiltrudae costulata (empty circle with dot); M. hiltrudae dennisi (triangle); M. hiltrudae densicostulata (triangle pointing right); M. hiltrudae desaretica ssp. n. (empty circle); M. hiltrudae fusca (square); M. hiltrudae hiltrudae (triangle pointing left); M. hiltrudae maasseni (inverted triangle); M. hiltrudae protruda (empty triangle); M. hiltrudae robusta (diamond); M. hiltrudae sattmanni (circle); M. hiltrudae selcensis ssp. n. (star).

Montenegrina hiltrudae costulata Erőss & Szekeres, 2006

Fig. 19B

Montenegrina sattmanni costulata Erőss & Szekeres, 2006 in Erőss et al. 2006: 204, fig. 27. – Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell small to medium, conical, whitish-corneous. Surface distinctly costate, ribs sharper on the upper whorls, denser at the neck. Neck very weakly inflexed. Basal crest strong, peripheral crest not recognizable. Peristome detached, ovoid, with somewhat swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis long overlap. In front view lamella inferior more or less well emerged, broadly-bent subcolumellaris mostly not visible. Lunella dorsal, short and broad, mostly separate from the strong basalis. Subclaustralis short, sulcalis strong. Anterior plica superior mostly connected to the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 14.1–20.4 (holotype 16.0), Ws: 3.7–5.3 (holotype 4.8).

Type locality

Albania, Korçë District, Qafa e Zvezdës, 4 km from Zvezdë along the road to the Prespa Lake, 1030 m, 40.7330°N, 20.8729°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 2.vii.2003, holotype (HNHM 94893), paratypes (NHMUK 20050231, HNC 63195, HNHM 94894/77, NHMW 103293, RMNH 100323, SMF 328097).

Other material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 29.vi.2013 (HNHM 99590); transitional forms to M. h. sattmanni: Korçë District, Mt. Thatë, ca. 2.7 km NNW of Zvezdë, ca. 500 m SW of the Zvezdë Summit, 1720 m, 40.7565°N, 20.8494°E, leg. ZB, CN, DP, 25.v.2007 (HNHM 99589); Zaroshka, 870 m, 40.7668°N, 20.9277°E, leg. ID, 27.v.2013 (DED).

Distribution

Southern part of the Mt. Thatë, in the vicinity of the Zvezdë Pass that connents the Prespa and Korçë Basins (Fig. 20).

Montenegrina hiltrudae dennisi Gittenberger, 2002

Fig. 19C

Montenegrina dennisi dennisi Gittenberger, 2002: 134, figs 7–8. – Nordsieck 2009: 73, plate 2, fig. 10.

Diagnosis

Shell medium, light corneous. Lower whorls smooth, upper ones moderately wrinkled-costate. Neck weakly inflexed, finely costate. Basal and peripheral crests weak. Peristome attached, ovoid, with somewhat swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis mostly overlap. In front view lamella inferior well emerged, broadly-bent subcolumellaris usually not visible. Lunella dorsal, short and broad. Basalis absent or residual, separate from the lunella. Subclaustralis absent, sulcalis well developed. Anterior plica superior weak, not connected to the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 15.7–21.2 (holotype 18.7), Ws: 4.3–5.2 mm.

Type locality

Greece, Western Macedonia, 1.5 km SE of Zakas, 2.5 km along the road to Spileo, N slope, 900 m.

Type material

Type locality, leg. Gittenberger, Uit de Weerd, holotype (RMNH 94939), paratypes (RMNH 94940/50); same locality, leg. Gittenberger, Maassen, 23.v.2001, paratypes (RMNH 82021/30, SMF 331782/3, NMBE 534890/3); Spileo, west side, 3.25 km S of Zakas, SSW slope, 930 m, leg. Gittenberger, Maassen, 24.v.2001, paratypes (RMNH 82027/32, SMF 331783/3, NMBE 534889/3).

Other material

Greece, 0.5 km N of Spileo, toward Zakas, 930 m, 40.0080°N, 21.2847°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 22.vi.2013 (HNHM 99591); 3 km E of Zakas, 900 m, 40.0422°N, 21.2823°E, leg. ZE, AH, 15.vii.2004 (HNHM 95393); 0.5 km W of Spileo, toward Portitsa Farangi, 940 m, 40.0077°N, 21.2805°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 22.vi.2013 (HNHM 99592).

Distribution

Western Macedonia (Greece). All known localities are within a range of a few km on the Mt. Orliakas, reaching to the Venetikos River in the the north (Fig. 20).

Remarks

Originally M. h. dennisi was described as a separate species (Gittenberger 2002). However, its shell features (and also those of the closely related M. h. protruda Gittenberger, 2002) fit well in the varability range of M. hiltrudae subspecies.

Montenegrina hiltrudae densicostulata Nordsieck, 1974

Fig. 19D

Montenegrina hiltrudae densicostulata Nordsieck, 1974: 155, plate 6, fig. 37. – Zilch 1981: 128, plate 14, fig. 36. – Nordsieck 2009: 74.

Montenegrina hiltrudae (partim) – Nordsieck 1972: 33–34.

Diagnosis

Shell small to medium, tumid, light corneous. Lower whorls striate to densely costate, upper ones with stronger ribs. Neck weakly inflexed. Basal crest strong, peripheral crest not recognizable. Peristome detached, circular to ovoid, with swollen, reflexed margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis mostly overlap. In front view lamella inferior well emerged, medium-bent subcolumellaris usually visible. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral, weakens toward the basis. Basalis absent or short, separate from the lunella. Subclaustralis very short, sulcalis well developed. Anterior plica superior occasionally connected to the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 15.8–22.4 (holotype 21.9), Ws: 4.3–6.1 (holotype 6.1).

Type locality

Greece, Western Macedonia, Srianovon, along the Neapolis to Vogatsikon road.

Type material

Type locality, leg. H. Nordsieck, 23.viii.1971, holotype (SMF 227686), paratypes (SMF 227687, SMNS-N 5475, NMBE 534967/2, NHMW-K-65051/10).

Other material

Greece, Kastoria District, above a quarry along the Vogatsiko to Driovouno road, 680 m, 40.3782°N, 21.4160°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 28.vi.2013 (HNHM 99584); 1 km W of Germas, dry gorge, 840–880 m, 40.4430°N, 21.4111°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 28.vi.2013 (HNHM 99582, HNHM 99583).

Distribution

Southern part of the Verno Mountain in Western Macedonia (Greece). Found at some sites around Vogatsiko, southeast of the Kastoria Lake (Fig. 20).

Remarks

Originally Nordsieck (1972) classified M. h. densicostulata with the nominotypical subspecies, but only two years later he described it as a distinct taxon (Nordsieck 1974).

Montenegrina hiltrudae desaretica ssp. n.

Fig. 19E

Montenegrina sattmanni sattmanni Erőss et al. 2006: 206.

Diagnosis

Medium-size subspecies with costate shell, attached peristome, and non-overlapping lamellae superior and spiralis.

Description

The light greyish-corneous shell of 8½ to 10½ whorls is tumid, with relatively large aperture. All whorls are more or less costate, more distinctly toward the apex. The neck is not or only very weakly inflexed, its ribs become sharper and near the aperture. The basal crest is weak, the peripheral one is not recognizable. The aperture is almost circular, its broadly attached margin is somewhat swollen and deflexed. The lamella superior is low but long, it does not overlap with the spiralis. In front view the lamella inferior is moderately emerged, the end of the broadly-bent subcolumellaris is mostly visible. The short and broad lunella is dorsal-dorsolateral, it is connected to the often weak basalis. The subclaustralis is absent, the sulcalis is rudimentary. The anterior part of the plica superior is weak, not connected to the lunella complex. The clausilium plate is partly visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Holotype Hs: 17.6, Ws: 5.5, Ha: 4.5, Wa: 4.1; paratypes Hs: 15.0–18.9 (mean 16.9, S.D. 1.33), Ws: 4.4–5.9 (mean 5.3, S.D. 0.39), Ha: 3.8–5.2, Wa: 3.3–4.3.

Differential diagnosis

The new subspecies resembles the nearby occurring M. h. sattmanni, but can be distinguished from it by the costate shell, broadly attached peristome, non-overlapping lamellae superior and spiralis, as well as the reduced subclaustralis, sulcalis and anterior plica superior. From all other M. hiltrudae subspecies differs by the combination of an attached peristome and costate lower whorls.

Type locality

Albania, Korçë District, cave temple ca. 2 km S of Glloboçeni, at the Prespa Lake, 850 m, 40.8422°N, 20.9616°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 30.vi.2015, holotype (NHMW 111250), paratypes (NHMW 111251/20+5a+11aj, HNHM 99690/25, GR/25, SZ/5); same locality, leg ID, 23.ix.2013, paratypes (DED/17).

Other material

Albania, Korçë District, 1 km NE of Liqenas, Sveti Atanas i Veliki Antoni Church, 850 m, 40.7919°N, 20.9152°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 28.vi.2013 (HNHM 99587); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 2.vii.2003 (HNHM 94901); Liqenas, 860 m, 40.7891°N, 20.9072°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 2.vii.2003 (HNHM 94898); Ishull i Vogël, E of Liqenas, 860 m, 40.7915°N, 20.9324°E, leg. ZF, LT, 17.viii.2007 (HNHM 99572).

Etymology

The new taxon is named after Desaretia, the ancient Roman name of the Ohrid–Prespa region.

Distribution

Prespa Lake area. Apart from the type locality, it was also found in the vicinity of Liqenas (Fig. 20).

Remarks

Formerly the Liqenas population was mentioned by Erőss et al. (2006) as differing from the typical M. h. sattmanni by the stronger apical sculpture. However, more recent morphological and distribution data suggest that the populations around Liqenas belong to M. h. desaretica, but differ from its typical form by the weaker sculpture and the occasionally connected anterior plica superior.

Montenegrina hiltrudae fusca Fehér & Szekeres, 2006

Fig. 19F

Montenegrina sattmanni fusca Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 in Erőss et al. 2006: 204–206, fig. 28.

Montenegrina skipetarica fusca Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell medium, light brown, paler along the suture. Lower whorls smooth, upper ones indistinctly striate-costate. Neck weakly inflexed, densely striate behind the aperture. Basal crest weak, peripheral crest not recognizable. Peristome attached, ovoid, with somewhat swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. In front view lamella inferior well emerged, broadly-bent subcolumellaris not visible. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral, short and broad, mostly fused to the basalis. Subclaustralis short, sulcalis strong. Anterior plica superior connected to the lunella complex, forward reaches as far as the plica principalis.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 18.3–22.4 (holotype 22.4), Ws: 4.5–5.3 (holotype 5.3).

Type locality

Albania, Korçë District, Korit e Bregas, 6 km S of Podgorje along the Pogradec to Zvezdë road, 900 m, 40.7688°N, 20.8275°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 2.vii.2003, holotype (HNHM 94895), paratypes (HNHM 94896/9, NHMW 103294, RMNH 100324, SMF 328098).

Other material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 29.vi.2013 (HNHM 99596); Veliterna, leg. Megyeri, 7.vii.1960 (HNHM 99597); Mt. Thatë, near the ‘Tower of the war’, 1830 m, 40.9136°N, 20.8419°E, leg. ID, 24.ix.2013 (DED).

Distribution

Mt. Thatë in southern Albania. The type locality is at the western foot of the mountain, and this taxon was also found in the alpine region at the ‘Tower of the war’, near the Albanian–Macedonian border (Dedov, unpublished data). At this locality it occurs syntopically with M. dofleini wagneri (Fig. 20).

Montenegrina hiltrudae maasseni Gittenberger, 2002

Fig. 19G

Montenegrina janinensis maasseni Gittenberger, 2002: 131–134, figs 5–6. – Nordsieck 2009: 75.

Montenegrina janinensis maasii (sic! typographic error) – Uit de Weerd and Gittenberger 2004: 307, fig. 1d.

Diagnosis

Shell small to medium, light corneous. Lower whorls smooth, upper ones indistinctly wrinkled-costate. Neck inflexed, costate. Basal and peripheral crests weak. Peristome attached, ovoid, with simple margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis mostly overlap. In front view lamella inferior more or less well emerged, broadly-bent subcolumellaris occasionally visible. Lunella dorsal, short and broad. Basalis residual, separate from the lunella. Subclaustralis absent, sulcalis well developed. Anterior plica superior mostly not connected to the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 14.5–18.6 (holotype 16.0), Ws: 3.6–4.1.

Type locality

Greece, Western Macedonia, Portitsa bridge, 4 km SE of Zakas, 625 m.

Type material

Type locality, leg. Gittenberger, Maassen, 24.v.2001, holotype (RMNH 94949), paratypes (RMNH 82024/28, NMBE 535056/2, SMF 331784/2).

Other material

Greece, Portitsa Farangi, near Spileo, 39.9965°N, 21.2855°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 22.vi.2013 (HNHM 99595); same locality, leg. ZE, AH, 15.vii.2004 (HNHM 99594).

Distribution

Western Macedonia (Greece). Known only from its type locality, the gorge of the Venetikos River. M. h. dennisi occurs only a few few km farther north, at the slope of the Mt. Orliakas, bordered by the Venetikos Valley (Fig. 20).

Remarks

Montenegrina h. maasseni was described by Gittenberger (2002) as a subspecies of M. janinenis, but its shell morphology suggests a close relationship to M. h. dennisi (see: Erőss et al. 2006).

Montenegrina hiltrudae protruda Gittenberger, 2002

Fig. 19H

Montenegrina dennisi protruda Gittenberger, 2002: 135, figs 9–10, 16 (clausilium plate), 17–19 (clausilium plate microarmature). – Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell medium, light to brownish-corneous. Lower whorls smooth, upper ones finely striate. Neck very weakly inflexed, finely costate. Basal and peripheral crests weak. Peristome detached, ovoid, with somewhat swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis mostly overlap. In front view lamella inferior well emerged, broadly-bent subcolumellaris not visible. Lunella dorsal, short and broad, not fused to the basalis. Subclaustralis not recognizable. Sulcalis well developed. Anterior plica superior weak, not connected to the lunella complex. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral to dorsolateral, short and broad, mostly fused to the basalis. Subclaustralis weak or absent, sulcalis well developed. Anterior plica superior not connected to the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 16.0–20.6 (holotype 19.0), Ws: 4.8–5.4 mm.

Type locality

Greece, Western Macedonia, 2.3 km before Aetia along the Aetia to Anavrita road, along the path to the Nymphoon Cave, W slope, 1000 m.

Type material

Type locality, leg. Gittenberger, Uit de Weerd, holotype (RMNH 94942), paratypes (RMNH 94941/21); same locality, leg. Gittenberger, Maassen, 23.v.2001, paratypes (RMNH 82016/19, SMF 331780/3, NMBE 534891/3); hill 1.75 km E of Aetia, E slope, 940 m, paratypes (RMNH 82017/7).

Other material

Type locality, 990 m, 40.0741°N, 21.2017°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 22.vi.2013 (HNHM 99593).

Distribution

Western Macedonia (Greece). Known only from the type locality (Fig. 20).

Montenegrina hiltrudae robusta Nordsieck, 2009

Fig. 19I

Montenegrina skipetarica robusta Nordsieck, 2009: 77–78, plate 2, fig. 8.

Diagnosis

Shell medium to large, brownish-corneous. Very weak and indistinct ribs of the lower whorls become stronger and better defined toward the apex. Weakly inflexed neck has more robust ribs. Basal and peripheral crests weak. Peristome ovoid, mostly attached, with swollen, reflexed margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. In front view lamella inferior more or less well emerged, broadly-bent subcolumellaris visible. Lunella short and broad, dorsal-dorsolateral to dorsolateral, mostly fused to the basalis. Subclaustralis residual or absent, sulcalis well developed. Anterior plica superior long, often connected to the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 18.0–25.1 (holotype 21.4), Ws: 4.55–5.8 (holotype 5.2).

Type locality

Greece, Western Macedonia, 4 km from Gavros toward Kotas along the Kastoria to Florina road, 850 m.

Type material

Type locality, leg. Hemmen, 13.iv.1995, holotype (SMF 328778), paratypes (SMNS-N 10260/5).

Other material

Same as types (NHMW 110430/MN/0117); type locality, 40.6532°N, 21.1789°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 18.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0118).

Distribution

Western part of the Verno Mts in Western Macedonia (Greece). Known only from the type locality, located between Kastoria and the Prespa Lakes (Fig. 20).

Remarks

Some specimens of the original series (e.g. those of NHMW 110430/MN/0117) were not designated as types.

Montenegrina hiltrudae sattmanni Nordsieck, 1988

Fig. 19J

Montenegrina sattmanni Nordsieck, 1988: 200–201, fig. 5.

Montenegrina sattmanni sattmanni Nordsieck 2009: 73, plate 2, fig. 9.

Diagnosis

Shell medium, light corneous. Lower whorls smooth, upper ones finely striate to indistinctly costate. Neck not or very weakly inflexed, densely striate. Basal crest very weak, peripheral crest not recognizable. Peristome attached, ovoid, with somewhat swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. In front view lamella inferior well emerged, broadly-bent subcolumellaris mostly visible. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral, short and broad, separate from the basalis. Subclaustralis short, sulcalis strong. Anterior plica superior long, mostly connected to the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 17.3–21.4 (holotype 20.1), Ws: 4.6–5.5 (holotype 5.3).

Type locality

Greece, Western Macedonia, Mikrolimni, near the Biological Station.

Type material

Type locality, leg. HS, 24.v.1986, holotype (NHMW 84028), paratypes, (NHMW 84029/7, SMNS-N 9520/2).

Other material

Type locality, 40.7429°N, 21.1102°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 28.vi.2013 (HNHM 99585); 500 m N of the Agios Achillios junction (Psarades to Vrondero road), 870 m, 40.7998°N, 21.0715°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 18.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0065); 3 km SE of Vrondero, Petros Kokkalis Cave, 1000 m, 40.7192°N, 21.0341°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 18.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0066); Albania, Korçë District, Tren, Shpella e Trenit, bank of the Small Prespa Lake, 860 m, 40.6723°N, 20.9871°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 28.vi.2013 (HNHM 99586); Mt. Thatë, ca. 1.7 km N of Zvezdë, 2.1 km southeast of the Zvezdë Summit, 1180 m, 40.7419°N, 20.8635°E, leg. ZB, CN, DP, 25.v.2007 (HNHM 99588); Zagradets, 870 m, 40.6767°N, 21.0039°E, leg. ID, 24.vi.2013 (DED); Cerie, 1130 m, 40.7523°N, 20.9434°E, leg. ID, 24.vi.2013 (DED); Rakitsko, 1100 m, 40.7245°N, 20.9768°E, leg. ID, 26.v.2013 (DED); Glloboçeni, S side, boat harbor, 850 m, 40.8584°N, 20.9474°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 30.vi.2013 (NHMW 110430/MN/0067); N of Glloboçeni, 860 m, 40.8580°N, 20.9426°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 17.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0064);

Distribution

The area of the Prespa Lakes (Fig. 20).

Remarks

Originally M. h. sattmanni was described as a distinct species (Nordsieck 1988), but its shell characteristics and distribution range indicate its belonging to M. hiltrudae.

The paratype lot NHMW 84030/4 could not be found in the NHMW collection.

Montenegrina hiltrudae selcensis ssp. n.

Fig. 19K

Diagnosis

Medium-size subspecies with large, very narrowly attached peristome and in front view well visible lamella subcolumellaris.

Description

The medium-size, light brownish-corneous shell of 9 to 10½ whorls is tumid, with brad basis. The surface is smooth at the lower whorls but becomes indistinctly and densely striate-costate toward the apex. The neck is only very weakly inflexed, behind the peristome it is finely and densely striate. The basal crest is weak, the peripheral crest is not recognizable. The aperture is very large, with the peristome its height reaches one quarter of that of the entire shell. The light whitish-brown peristome is wide, narrowly attached, its margin is swollen, deflexed. The lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. The lamella inferior is strongly emerged, its inner part bends close to the spiralis. The broadly-bent lamella subcolumellaris is visible in front view. The lunella is dorsal-dorsolateral, short and broad, mostly separate from the basalis. The subclaustralis short, the sulcalis is well developed. The anterior part of the plica superior is long, ends in a small lump behind the aperture. Its inner end occasionally extends to the lunella complex. The clausilium plate is entirely visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Holotype Hs: 19.9, Ws: 6.2, Ha: 5.5, Wa: 4.4; paratypes Hs: 16.5–21.4 (mean 19.4, S.D. 1.40), Ws: 5.1–6.2 (mean 5.7, S.D. 0.39), Ha: 4.6–5.8, Wa: 4.0–4.9 (NHMW 111217, NHMW 111218, HNHM 99481, HNHM 99482, n = 12).

Differential diagnosis

The new subspecies can be distinguished from M. h. dennisi and M. h. maasseni by its much finer neck sculpture, from M. h. fusca by its more conical shell and stronger lamella inferior, from M. h. sattmanni by the finer apical and neck sculpture, weaker basalis and more dorsal lunella, whereas from the rest of M. hiltrudae subspecies by the attached peristome.

Type locality

Albania, Korçë District, NE of Strelcë, in the limestone gorge of the Lumi i Verbës at the foot of the Shkëmb i Selcës, 990 m, 40.7480°N, 20.5219°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZF, JG, 30.vi.2014, holotype (NHMW 111216), paratypes (NHMW 111218/1+2a, HNHM 99482/3, GR/2); between Strelcë and Selcë, 1090 m, 40.7462°N, 20.5123°E, leg. DA, ZE, 30.vi.2014, paratypes (NHMW 111217/19+2a, HNHM 99481/20, GR/20, SZ/5).

Etymology

The new taxon is named after the Selcë Cliff (Shkëmb i Selcës), its type locality.

Distribution

Southern part of the Mokër Mts. Two nearby localities are known in the vicinity of Strelcë. At the type locality this taxon is found syntopically with M. laxa errans Erőss & Szekeres, 2006 (Fig. 20).

Montenegrina janinensis (Mousson, 1859)

Fig. 21J, K

Clausilia janinensis Mousson, 1859: 276.

Clausilia (Delima) janinensisWesterlund 1884: 54–55.

Delima (Albanodelima) janinensisWagner 1924: 120.

Montenegrina janinensis janinensis Zilch 1981: 129. – Nordsieck 2009: 75.

Montenegrina janinensis crassilabris Fauer, 1993: 55–56, plate 1, fig. 7. – Nordsieck 2009: 75.

Diagnosis

Shell small, light corneous. Lower whorls smooth, upper ones with fine, widely-spaced, indistinct ribs. Neck inflexed, wrinkled-costate. Basal and peripheral crests well visible. Peristome attached, rounded to somewhat angular, with slightly to strongly swollen, reflexed margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. In front view lamella inferior moderately emerged, broadly-bent subcolumellaris visible. Lunella dorsolateral, mostly separate from the weak basalis. Subclaustralis residual, sulcalis well developed. Anterior plica superior not connected to the lunella complex. Clausilium plate partly visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 12.2–17.1, Ws: 3.2–4.2 (Perama, HNHM 99560).

Figure 21. 

A Montenegrina laxa laxa (Küster, 1861), Tërkuza Valley HNHM 99033 B M. laxa dedovi Nordsieck, 2009, holotype, SMF 332465 C M. laxa delii ssp. n., holotype, NHMW 111237 D M. laxa disjuncta Fehér & Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94871 E M. laxa errans Erőss & Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94874 F M. laxa iba Nordsieck, 1972, holotype, SMF 201629a G M. laxa kontschani Erőss & Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94878 H M. laxa lakmosensis Nordsieck, 2009, paratype, SMF 332354 I M. laxa miraka Nordsieck, 1996, Mirakë, HNHM 99630 J M. janinensis (Mousson, 1859), syntype, SMF 176316 K M. janinensis (Mousson, 1859), holotype of crassilabris, SMF 309237 L M. lillae sp. n., holotype, HNHM 99496. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Type locality

“environs de Ianina” = Greece, Epirus, Ioannina [janinensis]; Greece, Epirus, Kria near Perama, above the southeastern cemetery, 600 m [crassilabris].

Type material

“Janina, Epirus”, ex Schaefli, ex Mousson, syntypes [janinensis] (SMF 176316/6); same locality, ex Boettger, syntypes [janinensis] (SMF 176317/3); same locality, ex Shuttleworth, syntypes [janinensis] (NMBE 21041/6); Kria near Perama, leg. Fauer, 10.viii.1971, holotype [crassilabris] (SMF 309237), paratypes [crassilabris] (SMF 309238/3, HNHM 39968/3, SMNS-N 9791, ZMH 91624/pl.); same locality, leg. PS, Fauer, 27.ix.1989, paratypes [crassilabris] (NMBE 535019, NMBE 22589/3, NHMW 103731, ZMH 91623/pl.); Kria, above the church, leg. Hausdorf, 31.v.1985, paratypes [crassilabris] (ZMH 91622/pl.); Kria, above the southeastern cemetery, 600 m, leg. Fauer, 22.iv.1988, paratypes [crassilabris] (ZMH 91627/pl.); 1.2 km from Kria toward Kranoula, ex Fauer, 10.viii.1971, paratypes [crassilabris] (ZMH 91625/6); Perama, exit of the stalactite cave, leg. PS, 29.vii.1975 paratypes [crassilabris] (HNHM 67025/4, NMBE 535017/60, ZMH 91626/9).

Other material

Greece, Epirus, Amfithea–Spothi road N of Lake Pamvotis, 2 km E of Ligkiades junction, 640 m, 39.6802°N, 20.9052°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 24.vi.2013 (HNHM 99559); Perama, near entrance of the cave, 500 m, 39.6947°N, 20.8463°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 24.vi.2013 (HNHM 99560); Mitsikeli Mts, S of Dikórifo, 1070 m, 39.7828°N, 20.8041°E, leg. PS, 23.v.1991 (NMBE); Kria, dry gorge above the cemetery, 660 m, 39.7245°N, 20.8429°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 24.vi.2013 (HNHM 99562); Perama, near the exit of the stalactite cave, 520 m, 39.6971°N, 20.8433°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 24.vi.2013 (HNHM 99561).

Distribution

Southwestern part and foothills of the Mitsikeli Mts in northwestern Greece. Most of the known occurrences are along the northern shore of the Pamvotis Lake (between Kria and Spothi), but a record from Dikórifo indicates that the species may be wider distributed (Fig. 22).

Figure 22. 

Distribution of Montenegrina janinensis; M. lillae sp. n. and M. minuscula. M. janinensis (circle); M. lillae sp. n. (square); M. minuscula (triangle).

Remarks

Although not synonymized formally, Nordsieck (2009) already questioned the distinct taxonomic status of crassilabris, assuming that it might only be a local form of M. janinensis with thickened peristome. This morphotype is known from Kria and Perama, but its range is not clearly distinct from that of the typical janinensis. Moreover, on the Goritsa Hill at Perama they live in parapatry: at the entrance of the stalactite cave typical janinensis, whereas at the exit (only a few hundred meters farther) the form with the thickened peristome (Fauer 1993, and also our personal observation).

Based mainly on their small shell size, originally several non-related Montenegrina taxa were described as subspecies of M. janinensis. These include M. soosi Erőss & Szekeres, 2006, and some subspecies currently classified with M. attemsi, M. dofleini, M. grammica, M. hiltrudae, M. sporadica Nordsieck, 1974, and M. tomorosi Brandt, 1961.

Montenegrina laxa (Küster, 1861)

Diagnosis

Shell small to large, yellowish- to brownish-corneous. Lower whorls smooth, upper ones smooth to finely wrinkled-costate. Neck variably inflexed, finely striate to wrinkled-costate. Basal and peripheral crests recognizable. Peristome attached, ovoid to angular, with simple to swollen and reflexed margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis distant to long overlapping. In front view lamella inferior mostly well emerged. Weakly-bent subcolumellaris and the clausilium plate not or only barely visible through the aperture. Lunella short, broad and diffuse, dorsolateral to ventrolateral. Basalis is fused to the lunella as its almost straight continuation. Lunella complex also fused to the plica principalis. Subclaustralis short, sulcalis mostly residual or absent. Anterior plica superior usually long, distant and diverging from the principalis, in most subspecies not connected to the lunella complex.

Montenegrina laxa laxa (Küster, 1861)

Fig. 21A

Clausilia laxa Küster, 1861 in Küster 1844–1862: 276, plate 31, figs 14–16. – Schmidt 1868: 68–69.

Delima (Albanodelima) weigneri Poliński, 1924: 143–145, plate 4, figs 7–8. – Wagner 1924: 119.

Clausilia (Delima) laxaWesterlund 1884: 54.

Montenegrina laxa laxa Nordsieck 1972: 29–30, plate 5, fig. 40. – Zilch 1981: 130. – Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell medium to large, yellowish-corneous. All whorls smooth. Neck weakly inflexed, wrinkled-costate. Basal and peripheral crests weak. Peristome ovoid to somewhat angular, with simple margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis mostly do not overlap. Subcolumellar lamella barely, clausilium plate not visible through the aperture. Lunella lateral. Subclaustralis shorter than the basalis, sulcalis residual or absent. Anterior plica superior long, almost parallel to the plica principalis, not connected to the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 16.3–21.8, Ws: 4.6–5.9 mm (Nordsieck 1972).

Type locality

“wahrscheinlich aus der Gegend von Castel nuovo” = Montenegro, probably from the area of Herceg-Novi [laxa]; “monts Mali Dajtit à l’Est de la ville de Tirana, près de la route de Tuffina à Safa Muzizes” = Albania, Mt. Dajti east of Tiranë, route from Tufinë to the Qafa e Murrizës [weigneri]; “la vallée de la rivière Terküza” = Albania, N of Tiranë, gorge of the Lumi i Tërkuzës [weigneri].

Type material

Syntypes of weigneri are thought to be in the MIZPAS (not seen).

Other material

Albania, Tirana, “Römerbrücke” (= Roman bridge), leg. Fuchs (SMF 94109a [Nordsieck 1972: fig. 40], NHMW-E 32318, NHMW-K 54402, NHMW-K 50578, SMF 94109); “Mal i Krujë” (likely erroneous locality record), leg. Fuchs (NHMW-E 32479, NHMW-K 50575); Tiranë District, NE of Herraj, gorge of the Lumi i Tërkuzës near the dam of the Lumi i Bovillës, 330 m, 41.4446°N, 19.8661°E, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 16.iv.2014 (HNHM 99032); gorge of the Lumi i Tërkuzës 0.5 km beneath the dam, 240 m, 41.4412°N, 19.8636°E, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 16.iv.2014 (HNHM 99033); gorge of the Lumi i Tiranës, 5 km NE of Ferraj, 290 m, 41.3948°N, 19.9000°E, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 16.iv.2014 (HNHM 99035); Shkalla e Tiranit, gorge of the Lumi i Tiranës, 400 m, 41.4022°N, 19.9012°E, leg. ZE, ZF, KK, 10.iv.2001 (HNHM 86044); between Ferraj and Shtish (NE of Tiranë), at the bridge of the Lumi i Tiranës, 200 m, 41.3798°N, 19.8592°E, leg. ZE, ZF, KK, 10.iv.2001 (HNHM 86043).

Distribution

Dajti-Kruja mountain range in central Albania. Known from the gorges of the Tiranë and Terkuzë Rivers, north of Tiranë (Fig. 23).

Figure 23. 

Distribution of Montenegrina laxa. M. laxa dedovi (empty circle with dot); M. laxa delii ssp. n. (empty circle); M. laxa disjuncta (diamond); M. laxa errans (circle); M. laxa iba (empty triangle); M. laxa kontschani (inverted triangle); M. laxa lakmosensis (star); M. laxa laxa (triangle); M. laxa miraka (square).

Remarks

The illustration with the name laxa was published in 1860, but a description of the species only in 1861 (both in Küster 1844–1862). Therefore the latter is considered the year of description (Welter-Schultes 1999).

Montenegrina species do not occur in the area of Herceg-Novi, which was given by Küster (1844–1862) as the type locality. This record is either incorrect or based on marine flotsam (Nordsieck 1972). Without type material and reliable type locality this taxon could be identified using the precise description of Schmidt (1868), which was based on the type series. In the view of Wagner (1924), laxa is a synonym of wohlberedti and not identical with weigneri. By contrast, Nordsieck (1972) claims that the Terküza Valley population fits well Schmidt’s description, therefore he considers laxa a senior synonym of weigneri. The latter view has been widely accepted in the past 40 years. In order to preserve nomenclatural stability, we stick to this practice.

Montenegrina laxa dedovi Nordsieck, 2009

Fig. 21B

Montenegrina dedovi dedovi Nordsieck, 2009: 75–77, plate 2, fig. 4. – Dedov and Neubert 2009: 92, plate 1, fig. 5.

Diagnosis

Shell small to medium, light corneous. All whorls smooth. Neck weakly inflexed, finely and densely striate. Basal and peripheral crests weak. Peristome, ovoid to somewhat angular, with simple margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis do not overlap. Subcolumellar lamella not or barely, clausilium plate not at all visible through the aperture. Lunella lateral. Subclaustralis short to residual, sulcalis very weak or absent. Anterior plica superior distant and diverging from the plica principalis, not connected to the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 13.6–20.3 (holotype 16.1), Ws: 3.7–4.4 (holotype 4.15) (Nordsieck 2009, Dedov and Neubert 2009).

Type locality

Macedonia, Jablanica Mts, Vartop region, after the Čuma Summit, 1868 m.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ID, 15.vii.2006, holotype (SMF 332465), paratypes (SMF 331838/4).

Other material

Macedonia, Jablanica Mts, up to Gorna Belitsa, alpine limestone meadow, ca. 1600–1700 m, 41.22°N, 20.54°E, leg. ID, Minkov, 10.vii.2009 (DED-580); near the Kokal Summit, 1800–1928 m, 41.203°N, 20.532°E, leg. ID, 15.vii.2009 (DED-560); Tchumata area (up to the Krustets area), alpine limestone meadows, 1980 m, leg. ID, 12.vii.2009 (DED-582).

Distribution

This taxon is known from the alpine region of the Jablanica Mts (Fig. 23).

Remarks

Originally M. l. dedovi was described as a separate species (Nordsieck 2008), but its shell structure (and particularly its palatal plicae) positions it among the subspecies of M. laxa.

Montenegrina laxa delii ssp. n.

Fig. 21C

Diagnosis

Large subspecies with tumid shell, long overlapping lamellae superior and spiralis.

Description

The large, tumid, brownish-corneous shell consists of 8½ to 10½ whorls. The surface is smooth at the lower whorls, whereas toward the apex it becomes indistinctly stiate-costate. The neck is also indistinctly costate with riblets that become crowded behind the aperture. The basal and peripheral crests are well recognizable. The light brownish, wide ovoid peristome is broadly attached, with simple or only slightly swollen margin. The lamellae superior and spiralis long overlap. The lamella inferior is well emerged. The weakly-bent subcolumellaris is retracted, its end is barely visible in slanted view through the aperture. The lateral lunella is short and broad, with diffuse outline. It is fused, through the plica superior, to the plica principalis, and downward in an almost straight line also to the long basalis. In most cases the subclaustralis is short and weak, the reduced sulcalis is fused to the lunella complex. The anterior plica superior of variable strength starts diverging from, then becomes parallel to, the plica principalis. It is not connected to the lunella complex. The clausilium plate is not visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Holotype Hs: 16.7, Ws: 4.9, Ha: 4.4, Wa: 3.7; paratypes (NHMW 111235, n = 12): Hs: 16.1–20.7 (mean 18.0, S.D. 1.31), Ws: 4.9–6.0 (mean 5.3, S.D. 0.39), Ha: 4.4–5.5, Wa: 3.6–4.6.

Differential diagnosis

Differs from nearest occurring M. l. laxa and M. laxa disjuncta Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 by its larger, stronger sculptured shell and weaker, shorter anterior plica superior, whereas from all other M. laxa subspecies by the combination of a large, tumid shell and long overlapping lamellae superior and spiralis.

Type locality

Albania, Kukës District, S of Draj-Reç, entrance of the Vilë Gorge, 430 m, 41.8830°N, 20.3370°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZF, JG, 2.vii.2005, holotype (NHMW 111237), paratypes (NHMW 111235/58+5a+4aj, HNHM 99645/63, GR/63); Draj-Reç (11 km S of the Përroi i Bushtricës mouth), 550 m, 41.8908°N, 20.3370°E, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, DM, 9.x.2005, paratypes (HNHM 99646/15, MMM-B01328/15, ER/15, SZ/4).

Etymology

The new taxon is named after Tamás Deli, malacologist (MMM-B), who participated in several Balkan field trips, including the one that led to the discovery of this subspecies.

Distribution

Western foothills of the Korab Mts in northeastern Albania. Known from two nearby sites in the valley of the Black Drin (Drin i Zi), around Draj-Reç. This is the northernmost subspecies of this polytypic species (Fig. 23).

Montenegrina laxa disjuncta Fehér & Szekeres, 2006

Fig. 21D

Montenegrina laxa disjuncta Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 in Erőss et al. 2006: 197–198, fig. 19. – Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell medium, light corneous. All whorls smooth. Neck inflexed, finely striate-costate. Basal and peripheral crests well recognizable. Peristome angular, with broad, somewhat swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis do not overlap. Subcolumellaris barely, clausilium plate not visible through the aperture. Lunella lateral to ventrolateral, basalis strong. Subclaustralis short, sulcalis residual or absent. Anterior plica superior long, starts diverging from, then turns parallel to the plica principalis. It is occasionally connected to the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 16.1–21.3 (holotype 17.7), Ws: 3.6–4.5 (holotype 4.1).

Type locality

Albania, Dibrë District, 4 km E of Selishtë, along the Peshkopi to Burrel road, 13 km W of the bridge of Fushë-Muhurr, 760 m, 41.6308°N, 20.2983°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 26.vi.2003, holotype (HNHM 94871), paratypes (NHMUK 20050225, HNC 63189, HNHM 94872/25, NHMW 103286, RMNH 100326, SMF 328090).

Other material

Type locality, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 14.iv.2014 (HNHM 98995); Selishtë, 770 m, 41.6280°N, 20.2741°E, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 14.iv.2014 (HNHM 98996); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 26.vi.2003 (HNHM 94873); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, DM, 13.iv.2006 (HNHM 96808); 2 km E of Selishtë, 760 m, 41.6228°N, 20.2886°E, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 14.iv.2014 (HNHM 99000); 3 km E of Selishtë, along the road to Gjuras, 1000 m, 41.6186°N, 20.2895°E, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, DM, 11.x.2005 (HNHM 96810).

Distribution

This taxon is known from the vicinity of Selishtë (west of Peshkopi in Central Albania) (Fig. 23).

Montenegrina laxa errans Erőss & Szekeres, 2006

Fig. 21E

Montenegrina laxa errans Erőss & Szekeres, 2006 in Erőss et al. 2006: 198, fig. 20. – Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell slender, medium to large, yellowish-corneous. Lower whorls smooth, upper ones finely striate. Neck inflexed, striate. Basal and peripheral crests weak. Peristome angular, with somewhat swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis do not overlap. Subcolumellaris and clausilium plate not visible through the aperture. Lunella lateral to ventrolateral, basalis strong. Subclaustralis short, sulcalis residual or absent. Anterior plica superior long, starts diverging from, then turns parallel to the plica principalis. It is not connected to the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 16.0–19.9 (holotype 19.9), Ws: 3.6–4.3 (holotype 4.0).

Type locality

Albania, Pogradec District, Çervenakë, 6 km from the Lin to Pogradec road toward the TV transmission tower, 1150 m, 40.9444°N, 20.6109°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 2.vii.2003, holotype (HNHM 94874), paratypes (NHMUK 20050226, HNC 63190, HNHM 94875/66, NHMW 103287, RMNH 100314, SMF 328091, NMBE 22599/3).

Other material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 29.vi.2013 (HNHM 99631); 4 km SW of Bishnicë, Shkemb i Qytetit, 1140 m, 40.9210°N, 20.4491°E, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 12.iv.2014 (HNHM 98950); Librazhd District, Stravaj, 790 m, 41.0042°N, 20.4343°E, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 12.iv.2014 (HNHM 98952); Korçë District, NE of Strelcë, limestone gorge of the Lumi i Verbës at the foot of the Shkëmb i Selcës, 990 m, 40.7480°N, 20.5219°E, leg. ZF, JG, 30.vi.2013 (NHMW 110430/MN/0103); same locality, leg. ZB, CN, DP, 23.v.2007 (HNHM 99632).

Distribution

This is the southernmost M. laxa subspecies, found sporadically around the Mokër Mts in southeastern Albania (Fig. 23).

Montenegrina laxa iba Nordsieck, 1972

Fig. 21F

Montenegrina laxa iba Nordsieck, 1972: 30, plate 5, fig. 41. – Zilch 1981: 130, plate 13, fig. 23. – Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell medium, yellowish-corneous. Lower whorls smooth, upper ones finely striate. Neck weakly inflexed, densely costate. Basal and peripheral crests well recognizable. Peristome ovoid to somewhat angular, with simple margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis mostly do not overlap. Subcolumellaris and clausilium plate barely visible through the aperture. Lunella dorsolateral to lateral, basalis short. Subclaustralis shorter than the basalis, sulcalis residual or absent. Anterior plica superior weak, not connected to the lunella complex, rarely absent.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 12.3–17.8 (holotype 16.2), Ws: 3.4–4.2 (holotype 3.7).

Type locality

“Arzen-Durchbruch bei Ibë” = Albania, Tiranë District, gorge of the Erzen near Ibë.

Type material

Type locality (“beim Krabapaß”), leg. Fuchs, holotype (SMF 201629a), paratypes (SMF 201629b/3, NHMW-E 28704/pl., NHMW-E 32270/30).

Other material

Original series but not type (NHMW-E 34152, NHMW 87658, NHMW-K 54386); Albania, gorge of the Lumi i Erzenit, 290 m, 41.2598°N, 19.9676°E, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 17.iv.2014 (HNHM 99036); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, KK, 11.iv.2001 (HNHM 85891); Gramsh District, Tërvol, gorge of the Përroi i Holtit, 250 m, 40.9261°N, 20.2232°E, leg. ZF, AH, TH, DM, 26.viii.2006 (HNHM 99629).

Distribution

Central Albania. For a long time this taxon has been known only from the type locality, but a recently discovered population more than 30 km farther south indicates that it may have a wider, sporadic distribution (Fig. 23).

Montenegrina laxa kontschani Erőss & Szekeres, 2006

Fig. 21G

Montenegrina laxa kontschani Erőss & Szekeres, 2006 in Erőss et al. 2006: 199–200, fig. 21. – Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell medium to large, yellowish-corneous. All whorls smooth. Neck inflexed, striate. Basal and peripheral crests well recognizable. Peristome rounded to somewhat angular, with swollen, reflexed margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. Subcolumellar lamella not or barely, clausilium plate not at all visible through the aperture. Lunella lateral. Subclaustralis shorter than the basalis, sulcalis present. Anterior plica superior very long, starts diverging from, then turns parallel or even converging to, the plica principalis. It is mostly separate from the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 14.8–19.3 (holotype 19.0), Ws: 3.7–4.8 mm (holotype 4.1).

Type locality

Albania, Tiranë District, 6 km S of the Qafa e Shtyllës, 7.7 km S of the Elbasan junction along the Tiranë to Klos road, 1420 m, 41.3512°N, 20.0546°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 22.x.2002, holotype (HNHM 94878), paratypes (NHMUK 20050227, HNC 63191, HNHM 94879/70, NHMW 103288, RMNH 100325, SMF 328092, NMBE 534925/4).

Other material

Albania, Tiranë District, Gropa Mts, ca. 3 km E of the Shën Mëri junction along the Tiranë to Bizë road, 1400 m, 41.3512°N, 20.0502°E, leg. ZF, TK, DM, 20.vi.2012 (HNHM 99633); ca. 3.5 km E of the Shën Mëri junction, 1400 m, 41.3507°N, 20.0583°E, leg. ZF, TK, DM, 20.vi.2012 (HNHM 99634); Shtyllë Pass, 1.3 km N of the Elbasan junction at the Tiranë to Bizë road, 1520 m, 41.3705°N, 20.0855°E, leg. ZF, TK, DM, 20.vi.2012 (HNHM 99635); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 22.x.2002 (HNHM 94880); along the Klos to Elbasan road, 3 km E of the Tiranë junction, 1380 m, 41.3515°N, 20.1163°E, leg. ZF, JK, DM, 9.x.2004 (HNHM 94882).

Distribution

Southwestern part of the Gropa-Bizë-Martanesh mountain group in Central Albania (Fig. 23).

Montenegrina laxa lakmosensis Nordsieck, 2009

Fig. 21H

Montenegrina janinensis Sattmann and Reischütz 1994: 46.

Montenegrina dedovi lakmosensis Nordsieck, 2009: 77, plate 2, fig. 5.

Diagnosis

Shell small, tumid, yellowish-corneous. All whorls smooth. Neck weakly inflexed, densely striate. Basal and peripheral crests weak. Peristome ovoid to somewhat angular, with slightly swollen margin. Lamella superior weak and short, distant from the spiralis. In front view lamella inferior moderately emerged. Subcolumellaris and clausilium plate not or barely visible through the aperture. Lunella dorsolateral to lateral, basalis short. Subclaustralis shorter than the basalis, sulcalis residual or absent. Anterior plica superior mostly absent, if present separate from the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 12.8–15.0 (holotype 14.1), Ws: 3.8–4.1 (holotype 4.0).

Type locality

Greece, Lakmos Mts, Epirus–Thessalia border, near Metsovon, S of the Peristeri Summit, ca. 2000 m.

Type material

Type locality, leg. HS, 2.vii.1988, holotype (SMNS 70544), paratypes (SMNS-N 9776/12, SMF 332354/1).

Other material

Original series but not type (NHMW 102868)

Distribution

Lakmos (= Peristeri) Mts in northwestern Greece. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 23).

Remarks

Originally M. l. lakmosensis was described by Nordsieck (2008) as a subspecies of dedovi, which is now also classified with M. laxa (see above).

Montenegrina laxa miraka Nordsieck, 1996

Fig. 21I

Montenegrina laxa miraka Nordsieck, 1996: 8–9, plate 2, fig. 2. – Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell medium to large, yellowish-corneous. All whorls smooth. Neck inflexed, densely striate-costate. Basal and peripheral crests well recognizable. Peristome ovoid to somewhat angular, with simple to weakly swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis long overlap. In front view lamella inferior mostly well emerged. Subcolumellaris and clausilium plate not visible through the aperture. Lunella ventrolateral-lateral to ventrolateral, basalis long. Subclaustralis shorter than the basalis, sulcalis residual or absent. Anterior plica superior very long, starts diverging from, then turns parallel or even converging to the principalis. It is not connected to the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 16.6–22.5 (holotype 22.1), Ws: 4.0–5.4 (holotype 5.1).

Type locality

Albania, Librazhd District, Mirakë, 5 km W of Librazhd = 1 km NW Ura e Kamarës, S slope, 300 m.

Type material

Type locality, leg. Welter-Schultes, 17.ix.1995, holotype (HNC 40580), paratypes (HNC 40577, SMNS-N 10305, NHMW 89037/2, SMF 311198/2).

Other material

Albania, Mirakë, Ura e Kamarës, 190 m, 41.1634°N, 20.2301°E, leg. ZF, TK, DM, 22.vi.2012 (HNHM 99630); Mirakë, right bank of Lumi i Shkumbinit, 210 m, 41.1657°N, 20.2377°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 24.x.2002 (HNHM 91605); 1 km S of Lunik, along the Librazhd to Peshkopi road, 700 m, 41.2661°N, 20.3181°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 24.x.2002 (HNHM 94905); same locality, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 13.iv.2014 (HNHM 98964); E of Lunik, 750 m, 41.2768°N, 20.3352°E, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, DM, 11.iv.2006 (HNHM 96805); same locality, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 13.iv.2014 (HNHM 98969); Qukës-Shkumbin, above a quarry, 500 m, 41.0937°N, 20.4402°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 30.vi.2003 (HNHM 94902); 6 km W of Librazhd, 230 m, 41.1676°N, 20.2498°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 30.vi.2003 (HNHM 94897); Elbasan District, Mengli, small gorge near a quarry, 250 m, 41.1335°N, 20.1261°E, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 17.iv.2014 (HNHM 99046).

Distribution

Çermenikë Mountain in central Albania. Known from a few localities around this mountain within a circle of 10–15 km radius around Librazhd (Fig. 23).

Montenegrina lillae sp. n.

Fig. 21L

Diagnosis

Large, elongate species with wide, broade-lipped aperture, lateral to ventrolateral lunella and long, fused basalis.

Description

The large, elongate shell of 10½ to 12 whorls is light brown. The surface of the whorls is opaque, very finely wrikled, almost smooth. The weakly inflexed neck has strong whitish ribs that become dense toward the aperture. The basal crest is strong, the peripheral one is weak. The peristome is large, angular, broadly attached. It has wide, whitish, somewhat swollen margin, which is missing at the upper columellar side. The lamella superior is weak, it does not overlap with the spiralis. The terminal part of the lamella inferior is well emerged, descends seeply and ends low at the columellar side of the peristome. The weakly-bent lamella subcolumellaris is retracted, its end is not visible through the aperture. The plica superior often becomes fused to the principalis. The broad, lateral to ventrolateral lunella is connected to the long basalis. The subclaustralis is short, diffuse, the sulcalis is well developed. The anterior part of the plica superior is long, often separate from the lunella complex. The clausilium plate is not visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Holotype Hs: 23.0, Ws: 5.0, Ha: 5.6, Wa: 4.7; paratypes (HNHM 99497, n = 12): Hs: 19.7–23.4 (mean 21.4, S.D. 1.09), Ws: 4.8–5.6 (mean 5.2, S.D. 0.22), Ha: 5.0–5.7, Wa: 4.1–4.8.

Differential diagnosis

Differs from all other species of the genus by the combination of a broadly attached peristome with dissolved upper margin, weak lamella superior, and deep subcolumellaris. From M. subcristata, the only other species of the genus with lateral to ventrolateral lunella, it is distinguished by the basalis that is fused to the lunella complex.

Type locality

Albania, Shkodër District, Koman, ferry harbor near the dam, 180 m, 42.1087°N, 19.8264°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, DM, 14.iv.2006, holotype (HNHM 99496), paratypes (HNHM 99497/67+9aj, ER/67, HU/67, SZ/10); type locality, leg. ZF, TK, DM, 19.vi.2012, paratypes (HNHM 99498/5, NHMW 111227/6+3a).

Other material

Albania, Koman Lake, right bank, ca. 12 km upstream of the Koman Dam, 170 m, 42.1872°N, 19.8696°E, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, DM, 15.iv.2006 (HNHM 99499).

Etymology

This species is named after Lilla Tamás, the wife of the first author.

Distribution

Lower part of the Drin Valley. Known from the Koman Dam and 12 km upstream of that (Fig. 22).

Montenegrina minuscula Erőss & Szekeres, 2006

Fig. 19L

Montenegrina janinensis Dhora and Welter-Schultes 1999: 16.

Montenegrina minuscula Erőss & Szekeres, 2006 in Erőss et al. 2006: 184–185, fig. 2. – Nordsieck 2009: 75.

Diagnosis

Shell very small, light corneous. All whorls smooth. Neck finely striate, deep inflexed, with strong basal and peripheral crests. Peristome detached, projected, pear-shaped, with simple margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. In front view lamella inferior hidden or barely emerged. Subcolumellaris and clausilium plate barely visible through the aperture. Lunella dorsolateral-lateral, separate from the short to rudimentary basalis. Subclaustralis absent, sulcalis residual or absent. Anterior plica superior only exceptionally present, either fused to or separate from the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 9.1–11.5 (holotype 9.9), Ws: 2.3–2.9 (holotype 2.7).

Type locality

Albania. Mat District, 3 km W of the Qafa e Murrës, gorge of the Lumi i Varoshit near the Shkëmb i Skanderbeut, 970 m, 41.6465°N, 20.1898°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 26.vi.2003, holotype (HNHM 94831), paratypes NHMUK 20050214/2, HNC 63178/2, HNHM 94832/229, NHMW 103272/2, RMNH 100319/2, SMF 328076/2, NMBE 534918/6).

Other material

Type locality, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, DM, 11.x.2005 (HNHM 96824); Mirditë District, 2 km NE of Kurbnesh, 800 m, 41.7952°N, 20.1117°E, leg. ZF, DM, ZU, 20.v.2010 (HNHM 99625); 1 km N of Kurbnesh, 41.7883°N, 20.1068°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 27.vi.2003 (HNHM 94833).

Distribution

Lura-Dejë mountain group in northern Albania. Known only from two sites: the type locality at the southern foothills of the Mt. Lura in the gorge of the Varosh Stream, and the locality in the valley of the Urakë River, at the western foot of the Dejë. Although the elevation seems different, the record “Kurbnesh, 400 m” (Dhora and Welter-Schultes 1999) most probably refers to the latter occurrence (Fig. 22).

Remarks

In the gorge of the Varosh Stream this species occurs syntopically with M. s. skipetarica.

Montenegrina nana Fehér & Szekeres, 2006

Diagnosis

Shell small to medium, smooth to strongly wrinkled-costate. Neck weakly inflexed to inflexed, basal and peripheral crests well recognizable. In front view lamella inferior moderately emerged, medium-bent subcolumellaris not or only barely visible. Lunella dorsolateral to lateral, mostly fused to the basalis. Subclaustralis and sulcalis present. Anterior plica superior absent or weak. Clausilium plate not or barely visible through the aperture.

Remarks

M. nana, which was formerly classified as a subspecies of M. perstriata, differs from this species by its smaller size, oblique peristome, and deeper inflexed neck. One of the subspecies, M. n. barinai ssp. n., occurs syntopically and does not hybridize with M. perstriata ochridensis, indicating that they are distinct species.

Montenegrina nana nana Fehér & Szekeres, 2006

Fig. 24A

Montenegrina perstriata nana Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 in Erőss et al. 2006: 202–203, fig. 24. – Nordsieck 2009: 74, plate 3, fig. 17.

Diagnosis

Shell small to medium, light corneous. All whorls smooth. Neck weakly inflexed, smooth to very finely striate. Basal and peripheral crests well recognizable. Lamellae superior and spiralis mostly overlap. Lamella subcolumellaris not or only barely visible through the aperture. Lunella lateral, fused to the short basalis. Subclaustralis residual or absent, sulcalis present. Anterior plica superior absent or weak, parallel to the principalis, separate from the lunella complex. Clausilium plate not visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 14.3–16.1 (holotype 15.1), Ws: 3.3–3.7 (holotype 3.7).

Figure 24. 

A. Montenegrina nana nana Fehér & Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94889 B M. nana barinai ssp. n., holotype, HNHM 99508 C M. nana gracilis Erőss & Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94886 D M. okolensis okolensis Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94839 E M. okolensis caesia Fehér & Szekeres, 2009, holotype, HNHM 94835 F M. prokletiana prokletiana ssp. n., holotype, HNHM 99490 G M. prokletiana kovacsorum ssp. n., holotype, HNHM 99485. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Type locality

Albania, Librazhd District, 3 km NE of Lunik, on the Librazhd–Peshkopi road, 1050 m, 41.2966°N, 20.3741°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 24.ix.2002, holotype (HNHM 94889), paratypes (HNHM 94890/5, NHMW 103291, SMF 328095).

Other material

Type locality, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 13 Apr. 2014 (HNHM 98973); 8.3 km S of Steblevë, at the mountain pass, 41.322°N, 20.394°E, leg. AR, NR, PR, ix.2013 (NHMW 110430/MN/0085); SW of Zabzun, 2 km toward Sebisht from the Librazhd to Peshkopi road, 1240 m, 41.3339°N, 20.3958°E, leg. ZF, 13.iv.2014 (HNHM 98978).

Distribution

Gollobordë Plateau in northeastern Albania (Fig. 25A).

Figure 25. 

Distribution of Montenegrina nana and M. perstriata. A M. nana gracilis and M. nana barinai ssp. n. (circle); M. nana nana (diamond); M. perstriata diminuta (square); M. perstriata mavrovoensis (empty circle with dot); M. perstriata occidentalis (empty triangle); M. perstriata perstriata (empty inverted triangle); M. perstriata plenostoma (inverted triangle); M. perstriata subcristatula (triangle) B M. perstriata callistoma (empty triangle); M. perstriata drimica (circle); M. perstriata ochridensis (square); M. perstriata radikae (empty circle); M. perstriata tenebrosa (star); M. perstriata steffeki is not shown.

Montenegrina nana barinai ssp. n.

Fig. 24B

Diagnosis

Small subspecies with strongly costate shell, widely separate lamellae inferior and spiralis, missing anterior plica superior.

Description

The small shell of 9½ to 10½ whorls is light brownish-corneous. All whorls are strongly costate. The sharp whitish ribs become crowded behind the aperture. The neck is inflexed, the basal and peripheral crests are well recognizable. The peristome is ovoid, attached, its wide, light brown margin is slightly deflexed. The weak lamella superior ends far from the outer end of the spiralis. The weakly emerged, straight descending end of the lamella inferior is barely visible in front view. The deep-ending, medium-bent lamella subcolumellaris cannot be viewed through the aperture. The broad lunella is dorsolateral. It is fused, via the superior, to the plica principalis, and at its basal end to the short or residual basalis. The subclaustralis is weak, the sulcalis is present. The anterior part of the plica superior is missing. The parietal edge of the clausilium plate is often visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Holotype Hs: 13.2, Ws: 3.6, Ha: 3.5, Wa: 2.9; paratypes (HNHM 99008, n = 12): Hs: 13.0–15.8 (mean 13.8, S.D. 0.95), Ws: 3.4–4.6 (mean 3.9, S.D. 0.34), Ha: 3.1–3.9, Wa: 2.3–3.3.

Differential diagnosis

Distinguishable from the two other subspecies of M. nana by its smaller, strongly costate shell, wide separate lamellae superior and spiralis, dorsolateral lunella, and the absence of the anterior plica superior.

Type locality

Albania, Bulqizë District, Valikardhë, S slope of the Maja e Temlishit, 770 m, 41.514°N, 20.316°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 15.iv.2014, holotype (HNHM 99508), paratypes (HNHM 99008/39+20a+1aj, NHMW 111231/35a, SZ/4).

Other material

Type locality, 880 m, 41.5138°N, 20.3142°E, leg. ZB, DP, 29.v.2008, (HNHM 99509).

Etymology

The new taxon is named after Zoltán Barina, botanist (HNHM), who collected invaluable zoological material during his field trips in Albania.

Distribution

Known only from its type locality at the southern slope of the Mt. Temlishi in northern Albania. (Fig. 25).

Remarks

The type locality of the new subspecies is sepatated only by a few hundred meters from that of M. nana gracilis Erőss & Szekeres, 2006. M. n. barinai ssp. n. occurs syntopically with M. perstriata ochridensis.

Montenegrina nana gracilis Erőss & Szekeres, 2006

Fig. 24C

Montenegrina perstriata gracilis Erőss & Szekeres, 2006 in Erőss et al. 2006: 202, fig. 23. – Nordsieck 2009: 74.

Diagnosis

Shell small to medium, light to dark corneous. Lower whorls smooth, upper ones indistinctly costate. Inflexed neck with sharp, irregular ribs. Basal crest strong, peripheral crest well recognizable. Lamellae superior and spiralis mostly do not overlap. Lamella subcolumellaris not visible through the aperture. Lunella dorsolateral-lateral to lateral, mostly fused to the short basalis. Subclaustralis and sulcalis well developed. Anterior plica superior absent or weak, parallel to the principalis, separate from the lunella complex. Clausilium plate not visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 14.2–20.1 mm (holotype 16.5), Ws: 3.5– 4.7 mm (holotype 3.9).

Type locality

Albania, Bulqizë District, 10 km E of Bulqizë, bank of Lumi i Zalli i Qytetit, 620 m, 41.5096°N, 20.3149°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 25.x.2002, holotype (HNHM 94886), paratypes (NHMUK 20050229, HNC 63193, HNHM 94887/90, NHMW 103290, RMNH 100322, SMF 328094, NMBE 535066/4).

Other material

Type locality, leg. LD, ZE, ZF, AH, DM, 30.vi.2007 (HNHM 99624).

Distribution

Mt. Temlishi in northern Albania. Known only from the type locality at the foot of this mountain (Fig. 25A).

Remarks

Erroneously this taxon was also mentioned from the vicinity of the Tre Çesmë Spring near Zerqan (Erőss et al. 2006), a locality of M. perstriata ochridensis (see also there).

Montenegrina okolensis Szekeres, 2006

Diagnosis

Shell small to medium, elongate, light to dark corneous. All whorls smooth. Neck inflexed, almost smooth, basal and peripheral crests weak. Peristome attached, ovoid to somewhat angular, with somewhat swollen margin. Lamella superior absent to residual and distant from the spiralis. In front view lamella inferior hidden to weakly emerged. Medium-bent subcolumellaris only obliquely visible. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral to dorsolateral. Basalis and subclaustralis absent. Sulcalis present or only residual. Anterior plica superior mostly absent. Clausilium plate visible through the aperture. Distinguishable from M. apfelbecki by the attached peristome and reduced lamellae.

Montenegrina okolensis okolensis Szekeres, 2006

Fig. 24D

Montenegrina apfelbecki okolensis Szekeres, 2006 in Erőss et al. 2006: 186, fig. 5.

Montenegrina janinensis caesia (partim) – Nordsieck 2009: 75.

Diagnosis

Shell small to medium, elongate. In front view lamella inferior weakly emerged. Lunella dorsolateral. Sulcalis present. Anterior plica superior mostly absent. Clausilium plate partly visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 13.9–15.6 (holotype 13.9), Ws: 3.4–4.4 mm (holotype 3.4) (see type and other material).

Type locality

“Theth valley” = Albania, Prokletije Mts, one of the mountains surrounding the Theth Valley (probably Mt. Jezercë).

Type material

“Theth valley”, ex Nádai, ex Holzinger, collected by an unknown mountaineer, vii.1996, holotype (HNHM 94839).

Other material

Albania, Malesia District, above the N side of the Qafa e Valbonës, along the footpath between Rragam and Theth, 1850 m, 42.4068°N, 19.8122°E, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, DM, 06.x.2005 (HNHM 99613); same locality, leg. Ádám, GP, Somay, 5.ix.2005 (HNHM 99614).

Distribution

In the central part of the Prokletije Mts in northern Albania.

The description of this subspecies was based on a single shell without precise locality and collector information. Accordingly, type locality was defined only as “Maja e Jezerces region” (Erőss et al. 2006). Recently the subspecies has been re-discovered near the Valbona Pass (Qafa e Valbonës), south of the Jezercë Summit. Notably, along the Theth to Rragam footpath that crosses the main mountain ridge, M. o. okolensis could be found only around its highest point, near to and above the pass, between 1760 and 1850 m (see also: Fehér and Erőss 2009) (Fig. 26).

Figure 26. 

Distribution of Montenegrina okolensis and M. prokletiana sp. n. M. okolensis caesia (triangle); M. okolensis okolensis (inverted triangle),; M. prokletiana prokletiana ssp. n. (star); M. prokletiana kovacsorum ssp. n. (square).

Remarks

Nordsieck (2009) considered okolensis a synonym of caesia Fehér & Szekeres, 2006. New okolensis samples confirm the stability of its morphological differences from caesia, namely the elongate shell, deeper lunella and better developed sulcalis. Therefore we maintain it as a distinct subspecies.

Montenegrina okolensis caesia Fehér & Szekeres, 2006

Fig. 24E

Montenegrina apfelbecki caesia Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 in Erőss et al. 2006: 185, fig. 3.

Montenegrina janinensis caesia (partim) – Nordsieck 2009: 75.

Diagnosis

Shell small, tumid. In front view lamella inferior hidden. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral. Sulcalis residual. Anterior plica superior absent. Clausilium plate almost entirely visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 12.2–16.3 (holotype 14.3), Ws: 3.9–4.8 (holotype 4.5 mm).

Type locality

Albania, Prokletije Mts, N side of the Qafa e Tërthorës, 11 km from Bogë toward Theth, 1800 m, 42.392°N, 19.730°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 20.x.2002, holotype (HNHM 94835), paratypes (NHMUK 20050215, HNC 63179, HNHM 94836/53, NHMW 103273, RMNH 100313, SMF 328077, NMBE 534893/4).

Distribution

Central part of the Prokletije Mts in northern Albania. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 26).

Remarks

Originally M. o. okolensis and M. o. caesia were described as subspecies M. apfelbecki, with which they share similar plicae. However, their reduced clausiliar apparatus and isolated occurrence supports their classification within a separate species, which seems more closely related to other north Albanian representatives of the genus (e.g. M. prokletiana sp. n.).

Montenegrina perstriata (Wagner, 1919)

Diagnosis

Shell medium to large, light to dark corneous. Lower whorls in some subspecies flattened and nearly of the same width. Whorls smooth to indistinctly costate. Neck weakly inflexed, basal and peripheral crests well recognizable. Peristome attached, angular, with simple to strongly swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis distant to overlapping. In front view lamella inferior moderately emerged, medium-bent subcolumellaris mostly not visible. Lunella dorsolateral to ventrolateral, mostly not connected to the basalis. Subclaustralis often short, sulcalis present. Plica superior frequently fused to the principalis. Anterior plica superior absent or weak. Clausilium plate not or only barely visible through the aperture.

Montenegrina perstriata perstriata (Wagner, 1919)

Fig. 27A

Delima laxa perstriata Wagner, 1919: 71–72.

Delima (Albanodelima) perstriataWagner 1924: 120. – Wagner 1925: 61, plate 14, figs 97a–b.

Montenegrina perstriata perstriata Nordsieck 1977: 84, plate 4, fig. 13. – Zilch 1981: 130. – Nordsieck 2009: 74.

Diagnosis

Shell medium, tumid, dark corneous. Lower whorls smooth, flattened, nearly of the same width. Upper whorls very finely, indistinctly wrinkled-costate. Neck densely costate. Peristome with simple, somewhat reflexed margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. In front view lamella subcolumellaris not visible. Lunella dorsolateral, not connected to the basalis. Subclaustralis short, sulcalis present. Anterior plica superior absent or weak, separate from the lunella complex. Clausilium plate barely visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 21.2, Ws: 5.5 (holotype according to Nordsieck 1977).

Figure 27. 

A Montenegrina perstriata perstriata (Wagner, 1919), Galičnik, NHMW 110430/MN/0105 B M. perstriata callistoma Fehér & Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94883 C M. perstriata diminuta Fehér & Szekeres, 1999, holotype, HNHM 70832 D M. perstriata drimica Nordsieck, 1972, holotype of crassa, HNHM 70834 E M. perstriata drimica Nordsieck, 1972, holotype, SMF 221048 F M. perstriata mavrovoensis Nordsieck, 2009, paratype, SMF320048 G M. perstriata occidentalis Nordsieck, 1977, holotype, SMF 237804 H M. perstriata ochridensis (Wagner, 1925), Ohrid, SMF 167047 I M. perstriata plenostoma Fehér & Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94840 J M. perstriata radikae Nordsieck, 1972, holotype, SMF 221050 K M. perstriata steffeki Erőss & Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94891 L M. perstriata subcristatula Nordsieck, 1977, holotype, SMF 221318 M M. perstriata tenebrosa Nordsieck, 2009, paratype, SMF 328780. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Type locality

Macedonia, Mavrovo District, Galičnik.

Type material

According to Nordsieck (1977), the type specimen is in Warsaw (MIZPAS 10114) (not seen).

Other material

Macedonia, 1 km E of Galičnik, 1440 m, 41.5942°N, 20.6716°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 14.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0104); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 9.iv.2004 (HNHM 94436); Galičnik, 1440 m, 41.5936°N, 20.6575°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 14.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0105); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 9.iv.2004 (HNHM 94437); 10 km SW from Mavrovo toward Galičnik and 1 km W on a minor road, 1740 m, 41.6240°N, 20.6768°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 14.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0106).

Remarks

Wagner (1925) clarified that the unintentional assignement of this taxon to laxa in the original description was due to an editorial error during publication.

Distribution

Western part of the Bistra Mts in the vicinity of Galičnik (Fig. 25).

Montenegrina perstriata callistoma Fehér & Szekeres, 2006

Fig. 27B

Montenegrina perstriata callistoma Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 in Erőss et al. 2006: 200–202, fig. 22. – Nordsieck 2009: 74, plate 3, fig. 16.

Montenegrina perstriata crassa Fehér and Erőss 2009: 11.

Montenegrina perstriata crassa” – Nordsieck 2009: 75, plate 3, fig. 15.

Diagnosis

Shell medium, light corneous. Lower whorls smooth, upper ones very finely and densely striate. Neck densely striate. Peristome rounded to angular, with strongly swollen, reflexed margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap to long overlap. Subcolumellaris not or barely, clausilium plate not at all visible through the aperture. Lunella lateral, separate from the basalis. Sulcalis residual to weak. Anterior plica superior separate from the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 14.3–18.1 (holotype 16.0), Ws: 3.2–4.3 (holotype 4.2).

Type locality

Albania, Bulqizë District, Klenjë, near a cave along the Librazhd to Peshkopi road, 1220 m, 41.3646°N, 20.4685°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 24.x.2002, holotype (HNHM 94883), paratypes (NHMUK 20050228, HNC 63192, HNHM 94884/29, NHMW 103289, RMNH 100320, SMF 328093).

Other material

Type locality, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 13.iv.2014 (HNHM 98982); 1.5 km S of Steblevë, along the Librazhd to Peshkopi road, 1220 m, 41.3250°N, 20.4457°E, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 13.iv.2014 (HNHM 98980); same locality, leg. AR, NR, PR, ix.2013 (NHMW 110430/MN/0082); 1 km S of Steblevë, 1250 m, 41.3239°N, 20.4511°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 24.x.2002 (HNHM 94885); 8.5 km N of Steblevë, leg. AR, NR, PR, ix.2013 (NHMW 110430/MN/0083); rocky grassland between Klenjë and Steblevë, 1190 m, 41.3575°N, 20.4623°E, leg. PJ, TK, Magos, GP, 31.v.2013 (HNHM 99623); Bulqizë District, W of Zabzun, 4 km from the Librazhd to Peshkopi road toward Sebisht, 1230 m, 41.3462°N, 20.3904°E, leg. ZF, 13.iv.2014 (HNHM 98977); Tuçep, 1.5 km N of Ostreni i Vogël, 700 m, 41.4404°N, 20.5052°E, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 14.iv.2014 (HNHM 98987); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 25.x.2002 (HNHM 91915); 1.2 km S of Ostreni i Madh, 870 m, 41.4199°N, 20.4633°E, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 14.iv.2014 (HNHM 98986); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 25.x.2002 (HNHM 94900); 1.5 km N of Klenjë, along the Librazhd to Peshkopi road, 1220 m, 41.3792°N, 20.4687°E, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 13.iv.2014 (HNHM 98984); 16.3 km N of Steblevë, leg. AR, NR, PR, ix.2013 (NHMW 110430/MN/0084); Librazhd District, W of Funarës, 580 m, 41.2719°N, 20.2839°E, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 12.iv.2014 (HNHM 98953); 3.5 km W of Funarës, 660 m, 41.2748°N, 20.2679°E, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, DM, 11.iv.2006 (HNHM 96814); same locality, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 12.iv.2014 (HNHM 98954).

Distribution

Gollobordë and Çermenikë Plateaus in eastern central Albania (Fig. 25).

Remarks

Shell sizes show unusually large variability between the different localities. They are smallest at the type locality, but at other sites can be as large as those of the closely related M. p. tenebrosa Nordsieck, 2009.

Montenegrina perstriata diminuta Fehér & Szekeres, 1999

Fig. 27C

Montenegrina perstriata diminuta Fehér & Szekeres, 1999 in Erőss et al. 1999: 446–448, fig. 2. – Nordsieck 2009: 74, plate 3, fig. 12.

Diagnosis

Shell medium, slender, light corneous. Lower whorls flattened, nearly of the same width. All whorls indistinctly wrinkled-costate, more prominently toward the apex. Neck densely costate. Peristome with simple margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis mostly overlap. In front view lamella subcolumellaris not visible. Lunella lateral to ventrolateral, not connected to the basalis. Subclaustralis residual, sulcalis present. Anterior plica superior absent or weak, not connected to the lunella complex. Clausilium plate not visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 14.0–18.5 (holotype 17.4), Ws: 3.0–3.8 (holotype 3.7).

Type locality

Macedonia, Galičica Mts, 8 km NW of the Bukovo Pass (= 1 km E of the Zavoj junction) on the Ohrid to Resen road, 950 m, 41.1978°N, 20.9173°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, 11.viii.1996, holotype (HNHM 70832), paratypes (HNHM 70833/7, NHMW 100075/2, SMF 312510/2, NMBE 535061/1, NMBE 22593/2).

Other material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 7.iv.2004 (HNHM 94431); same locality, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 15.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0102); 2.2 km toward Rečica from the Ohrid to Resen road, 940 m, 41.2202°N, 20.9115°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 15.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0101); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 30.vi.2015 (NHMW 110430/MN/0111).

Distribution

Northern extensions of the Galičica Mts (Fig. 25).

Montenegrina perstriata drimica Nordsieck, 1972

Fig. 27D, E

Montenegrina perstriata drimica Nordsieck, 1972: 32, plate 4, fig. 38. – Zilch 1981: 130, plate 14, fig. 31. – Nordsieck 2009: 74, plate 1, fig. 3. – Dedov and Neubert 2009:91, plate 1, figs 3–4.

Montenegrina perstriata crassa Erőss & Szekeres, 1999 in Erőss et al. 1999: 448, fig. 3. – Nordsieck 2009: 75.

Diagnosis

Shell small to large, tumid, light to dark corneous. Lower whorls smooth, flattened, nearly of the same width. Upper whorls finely striate-costate. Neck densely striate-costate. Peristome with weakly to very strongly swollen, reflexed margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. In front view lamella subcolumellaris often visible. Lunella lateral, separate from the weak basalis. Subclaustralis short, sulcalis present. Anterior plica superior absent or weak, separate from the lunella complex. Clausilium plate not visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 14.0–21.5 (holotype 16.5), Ws: 3.8–5.0 (holotype 4.3).

Type locality

Macedonia, valley of the Crni Drin, Lukovo near Struga [drimica]; Macedonia, valley of the Crni Drin, left side, 2 km N of Lukovo and 1 km S of the road junction to Modrić, 41.3654°N, 20.6048°E [crassa].

Type material

Lukovo near Struga, leg. H. Nordsieck, 27.viii.1971, holotype [drimica] (SMF 221048), paratypes [drimica] (SMF 221049, SMNS-N 5500/30); same locality, leg. H. Nordsieck, 19.viii.1971, paratype [drimica] (SMNS-N5596); 2 km N of Lukovo, leg. ZE, ZF, 13.viii.1996, holotype [crassa] (HNHM 70834), paratypes [crassa] (HNHM 70835/6, NHMW 100076/2, SMF 312509/2, NMBE 535059/1, NMBE 22592/3).

Other material

Macedonia, Debar District, S of Debar, at the dam of the Crni Drin, 590 m, 41.4948°N, 20.5052°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 14.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0087); between Lukovo and Džepište, leg. Sipos, AS, Topál, 13.x.1975 (HNHM 10139/35); 1 km SE of Džepište, leg. LP, PS, AS, 17.vii.1972 (HNHM 36712); Struga District, valley of the Crni Drin, 3.7 km S of Lukovo, 700 m, 41.3299°N, 20.6369°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 15.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0088); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 8.iv.2004 (HNHM 94448); 3 km S of Lukovo, Brana Globočica, 41.3355°N, 20.6345°E, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 8.iv.2004 (HNHM 94447); 2 km S of Lukovo, S of the viaduct, 690 m, 41.3397°N, 20.6273°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 15.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0089); same locality, N of the viaduct, 690 m, 41.3406°N, 20.6266°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 15.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0090); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 8.iv.2004 (HNHM 94446); Lukovo, S edge of the village, 640 m, 41.3545°N, 20.6124°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 15.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0091); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 8.iv.2004 (HNHM 94445); 1 km N of Lukovo, 630 m, 41.3623°N, 20.6036°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 15.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0092); 1.3 km N of Lukovo, 620 m, 41.3638°N, 20.6049°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 15.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0093); 1.5 km N of Lukovo, 620 m, 41.3666°N, 20.6049°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 15.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0094); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 8.iv.2004 (HNHM 94449); 1.7 km N of Lukovo, 620 m, 41.3672°N, 20.6046°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 15.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0095); 2 km N of Lukovo, 620 m, 41.3695°N, 20.6021°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 15.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0096); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 8.iv.2004 (HNHM 94589); 2.4 km N of Lukovo, S of the Modrić junction, 610 m, 41.3705°N, 20.5979°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 15.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0097); 2.5 km N of Lukovo, at the Modrić junction, 610 m, 41.3713°N, 20.5971°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 15.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0098); 6 km N of Lukovo, side road to Lokov, 620 m, 41.3978°N, 20.5899°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 15.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0099); 4 km N of Lukovo, 600 m, 41.3816°N, 20.5881°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 15.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0100).

Distribution

Upper valley of the Crni Drin between the Globočica Lake and Debar (Fig. 25).

Remarks

This taxon shows considerable intra- and inter-population heterogeneity in terms of shell size and peristome thickness. Nordsieck (2009) questioned the distinct subspecific status of crassa, which he regarded “a local form of M. p. drimica with thickened peristome, anterior upper palatal plica continuous with upper palatal plica…”. He argued that “there are further forms of M. p. drimica with thickened peristome occurring farther in the south” (Nordsieck 1972: 32–33). Based on these arguments, Dedov and Neubert (2009) already treated crassa as the junior synonym of drimica, and we also accept this view.

Montenegrina perstriata mavrovoensis Nordsieck, 2009

Fig. 27F

Montenegrina perstriata mavrovoensis Nordsieck, 2009: 78, plate 3, fig. 11.

Diagnosis

Shell medium, elongate, light corneous. Lower whorls nearly of the same width, almost smooth to finely, indistinctly costate. Upper whorls indistinctly wrinkled-costate. Neck costate. Peristome with simple margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis mostly overlap. Lamella subcolumellaris deep, even in oblique view barely visible. Lunella dorsolateral to lateral, not connected to the weak basalis. Subclaustralis residual, sulcalis present. Anterior plica superior absent or weak and separate from the lunella complex. Clausilium plate mostly not visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 15.4–18.4 (holotype 17.7), Ws: 3.9–4.5 (holotype 4.3).

Type locality

Macedonia, Bistra Mts, Mavrovo 2 km towards Galičnik.

Type material

Type locality, leg. H. Nordsieck, 4.viii.1974, holotype (SMNS 70545), paratypes (SMNS-N 6922/15, SMF320048/8).

Distribution

Bistra Mts in western Macedonia. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 25).

Remarks

Nordsieck (1977) noticed the peculiarity of this taxon and mentioned it as ‘a morph standing close to subcristatula’. Later, in the description, he suggested that it is probably closer to M. p. diminuta (Nordsieck 2009).

Montenegrina perstriata occidentalis Nordsieck, 1977

Fig. 27G

Montenegrina dofleini occidentalis Nordsieck, 1977: 85, plate 4, fig. 15. – Zilch 1981: 127, plate 15, fig. 38. – Nordsieck 2009: 74.

Diagnosis

Shell small to medium, elongate, light corneous. Lower whorls flattened, nearly of the same width. Surface costate, ribs sharper and wider spaced over the upper whorls and the neck. Peristome rounded to angular, with somewhat swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis long overlap. In front view lamella subcolumellaris not visible. Lunella dorsolateral to lateral, separate from the weak basalis. Subclaustralis residual, sulcalis strong. Anterior plica superior mostly absent, if present separate from the lunella complex. Clausilium plate occasionally visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 12.8–17.8 (holotype 16.7), Ws: 3.6–4.4 (holotype 4.1).

Type locality

Macedonia, Kališta near Struga.

Type material

Type locality, leg. Nordsieck, 5.viii.1974, holotype (SMF 237804), paratypes (SMF 237805, SMF 320060/15, SMNS-N 6937, NMBE 534974/2); type locality, leg. Nordsieck, 26.viii.1976, paratypes (ZMH 91617/6).

Other material

Macedonia, Kališta, orthodox cemetery, 710 m, 41.1493°N, 20.6493°E, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 7.iv.2004 (HNHM 94441); Albania, Pogradec District, Lin, 710 m, 41.0693°N, 20.6468°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 30.vi.2013 (HNHM 99615); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 23.x.2003 (HNHM 94903).

Distribution

Western shore of the Ohrid Lake. Known only from two localities (Fig. 25). A third record, mentioned in the original description (Radožda near Struga), was later reconsidered as corresponding to M. p. plenostoma Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 (Nordsieck 1977, 2009).

Montenegrina perstriata ochridensis (Wagner, 1925)

Fig. 27H

Delima (Albanodelima) perstriata ochridensisWagner 1924: 120. (nomen nudum).

Delima (Delima) perstriata ochridensis Wagner, 1925: 62, plate 14, figs 98a–c.

Delima (Montenegrina) perstriata ochridensisLoosjes 1966: 122, fig. 1. (genital anatomy).

Montenegrina perstriata ochridensis Nordsieck 1972: 32–33, plate 4, fig. 39. – Zilch 1981: 130. – Erőss et al. 1999: 448. – Nordsieck 2009: 74.

Montenegrina ochridensis Nordsieck 1988: 201.

Diagnosis

Shell medium, light corneous. Lower whorls smooth to very densely striate, upper ones densely costate. Neck densely costate. Peristome angular, with swollen, reflexed margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis do not overlap. Subcolumellaris not or only barely, clausilium plate not at all visible through the aperture. Lunella lateral, fused to the basalis. Sulcalis absent or residual. Anterior plica superior separate from the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 16.8–20.7, Ws: 4.4–5.1 (Nordsieck 1972).

Type locality

Macedonia, Ohrid.

Type material

Syntypes are thought to be in the MIZPAS (not seen).

Other material

Macedonia, Ohrid, Izvor Studeničiśta, 700 m, 41.1030°N, 20.8143°E, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 7.iv.2004 (HNHM 94428); Ohrid, ex Kuščer (NHMW-E 48139); Ohrid, Biological Station, leg. Kaiser, viii.1958 (NHMW-K 44011, SMF 167047 [Nordsieck 1972: fig. 37]); Ohrid District, Šipokno, Hotel Gorica, 730 m, 41.0843°N, 20.7973°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 15.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0079); Gradište, Zaliv na Koskite (“Bay of the Bones”), 700 m, 40.9937°N, 20.7992°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 16.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0080); Peštani, 41.0092°N, 20.8056°E, leg. ZF, 17.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0081); gorge S of Peštani, 760 m, 41.0087°N, 20.8092°E, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 6.iv.2004 (HNHM 94434); shore of the Lake Ohrid ca. 2.5 km S of Peštani, 40.999°N, 20.802°E, leg. LP, PS, AS, 16.vii.1972 (HNHM 36714); Sveti Stefan, 6 km S of Ohrid, leg. H. Nordsieck, 26.viii.1971 (SMNS-N 5491). Albania, Bulqizë District, Zerqan, Tre Çesmë Spring, 570 m, 41.5160°N, 20.3911°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 25.x.2002 (HNHM 94888); same locality, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 15.iv.2014 (HNHM 99006); Valikardhë, S slope of the Maja e Temlishit, 770 m, 41.5140°N, 20.3160°E, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 15.iv.2014 (HNHM 99007).

Distribution

Originally this taxon was known only from the eastern coastline of the Ohrid Lake, between Ohrid and Gradište (see: Brandt 1962; Loosjes 1966). Recently it was also found in Central Albania, east of Bulqizë (Fig. 25). On the Mt. Temlishi it lives syntopically with M. nana barinai ssp. n.

Remarks

First ochridensis was regarded by Nordsieck (1972) a subspecies of M. perstriata but later, pointing out the differences in shell morphology, he classified it as a distinct species (Nordsieck 1988). More recently he again mentioned this taxon as M. perstriata ochridensis (Nordsieck 2009).

In the original description the subgenus name Delima is likely a typographic error (Wagner 1925: 70), because earlier and in the plate caption of the same paper he used Albanodelima (Wagner 1924, 1925).

Montenegrina perstriata plenostoma Fehér & Szekeres, 2006

Fig. 27I

Montenegrina dofleini plenostoma Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 in Erőss et al. 2006: 188, fig. 7. – Nordsieck 2009: 74.

Diagnosis

Shell medium to large, slender, light corneous. Lower whorls flattened, nearly of the same width. Surface costate, ribs shaper and denser over the upper whorls and the neck. Peristome rounded to angular, with strongly swollen, reflexed margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. In front view lamella subcolumellaris mostly visible. Lunella dorsolateral, separate from the basalis. Subclaustralis short, sulcalis strong. Anterior plica superior well developed, often connected to the lunella complex. Clausilium plate occasionally visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 14.8–18.9 (holotype 17.6), Ws: 3.7–4.4 (4.0).

Type locality

Albania, Pogradec District, 2 km E of the Qafa e Thanës, along the Librazhd to Pogradec road, 860 m, 41.0632°N, 20.6253°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 23.x.2002, holotype (HNHM 94840), paratypes (NHMUK 20050217, HNC 63181, HNHM 94841/20, NHMW 103275, RMNH 100308, SMF 328079); 1 km E of Qafa e Thanës, leg. ZF, 23.vii.1993, paratypes (HNHM 90882/29).

Other material

Type locality, leg. ZF, TN, EM, 12.iv.2014 (HNHM 98945); 1 km N of Pishkupat, 700 m, 41.0402°N, 20.6346°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 30.vi.2003 (HNHM 94843); Macedonia, Radožda near Struga, leg. H. Nordsieck, 6.viii.1974 (SMF 320061).

Distribution

West of the Ohrid Lake (see Erőss et al. 2006), sympatric but not syntopic with M. d. occidentalis (Fig. 25).

Montenegrina perstriata radikae Nordsieck, 1972

Fig. 27J

Montenegrina perstriata radikae Nordsieck, 1972: 32, plate 4, fig. 37. – Zilch 1981: 130, plate 14, fig. 32. – Nordsieck 2009: 74.

Diagnosis

Shell medium to large, tumid, light corneous. All whorls smooth, lower ones nearly of the same width. Neck wrinkled-costate. Basal crest stronger than the peripheral. Peristome with swollen margin. Lamella superior weak, distant from the spiralis. In front view lamella subcolumellaris not or only barely visible. Lunella lateral, fused to the short basalis. Subclaustralis and sulcalis residual. Anterior plica superior absent or short and mostly fused to the lunella complex. Clausilium plate not visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 17.8–23.1 (holotype 19.7), Ws: 4.6–5.5 (holotype 4.9).

Type locality

Macedonia, Radika gorge near Debar, at the bridge.

Type material

Type locality, leg. H. Nordsieck, 29.viii.1971, holotype (SMF 221050), paratypes (221051/1, SMNS-N 5510, SMNS-N 5511, NHMW-K 65045/7).

Other material

Macedonia, Mavrovo District, Radika gorge, bridge 1 km N of the Sence junction along the Debar to Gostivar road, 880 m, 41.6994°N, 20.6478°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 14.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0086); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 8.iv.2004 (HNHM 94917); Radika valley, 6 km from Trnica toward Debar, leg. LP, PS, AS, 12.vii.1972 (HNHM 31107).

Distribution

Radika Valley in western Macedonia. Known to occur within a small range. All known occurrences are in the immediate vicinity of the type locality. A few kilometers farther upstream in the Radika Valley this taxon is replaced by M. p. subcristatula Nordsieck, 1977 (Fig. 25).

Montenegrina perstriata steffeki Erőss & Szekeres, 2006

Fig. 27K

Montenegrina perstriata steffeki Erőss & Szekeres, 2006 in Erőss et al. 2006: 203, fig. 25.

Montenegrina dofleini steffeki Nordsieck 2009: 74.

Diagnosis

Shell medium to large, tumid and somewhat conical, light corneous. Lower whorls almost smooth to variably wrinkled, upper ones indistinctly wrinkled-costate. Neck strongly, irregularly costate. Relatively large peristome with simple margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. In front view lamella subcolumellaris occasionally visible. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral to dorsolateral, mostly separate from the basalis. Subclaustralis short, sulcalis strong. Anterior plica superior weak, not connected to the lunella complex. Clausilium plate partly visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 14.9–21.7 (holotype 17.7), Ws: 3.9–5.4 (holotype 4.9).

Type locality

Macedonia, valley of the Crni Drin, gorge above and W of Jablanica, about 25 km NNW of Struga.

Type material

Type locality, leg. Šteffek, 28.vii.1985, holotype (HNHM 94891), paratypes (NHMUK 20050230, HNC 63194, HNHM 94892/2, NHMW 103292, RMNH 100321, SMF 328096).

Distribution

Upper valley of the Crni Drin Valley in western Macedonia. The subspecies was collected only once at the type locality. Due to the vague locality data, during later attempts the site could not be found.

Remarks

In Nordsieck’s (2009) opinion this taxon is closely related to “M. dofleini occidentalis”.

Montenegrina perstriata subcristatula Nordsieck, 1977

Fig. 27L

Montenegrina perstriata perstriata Nordsieck 1972: 31, plate 4, fig. 36.

Montenegrina perstriata subcristatula Nordsieck, 1977: 84, plate 4, fig. 14. – Zilch 1981: 130, plate 14, fig. 33. – Nordsieck 2009: 74, plate 3, fig. 13.

Diagnosis

Shell medium, slender, light corneous. Lower whorls smooth, flattened, nearly of the same width. Upper whorls indistinctly wrinkled-costate. Neck strongly wrinkled-costate. Peristome with simple margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. In front view lamella subcolumellaris often visible. Lunella lateral, mostly connected to the basalis. Subclaustralis as long as the basalis, sulcalis present. Anterior plica superior absent or very weak and separate from the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 15.6–18.6 (holotype 18.6), Ws: 3.8–4.2 (holotype 4.2) (Nordsieck 1972, 1977).

Type locality

Macedonia, gorge of the Radika near Debar, 1.5 km upstream of the bridge.

Type material

Type locality, leg. Nordsieck, 28.viii.1971, holotype (SMF 221318), paratypes (SMNS-N 5509, ZMH 91590/8); Radika gorge above Ničpur junction, leg. Nordsieck, 5.viii.1974, paratype status doubtful (SMNS-N 6933, SMF 247211/5).

Other material

Macedonia, Gostivar District, upper valley of the Radika, 6 km from the Debar to Gostivar road toward Ničpur, 1100 m, 41.7655°N, 20.6666°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 14.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0108); Mavrovo District, Radika Valley, along the Debar to Gostivar road at the Ničpur junction, 930 m, 41.7203°N, 20.6682°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 14.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0107); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 8.iv.2004 (HNHM 94919); 500 m E of the Nistrovo junction along the Debar to Gostivar road, 900 m, 41.7102°N, 20.6564°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 14.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0109); at the Nistrovo junction, 890 m, 41.7079°N, 20.6500°E, leg. ZF, EH, KJ, HS, 14.x.2014 (NHMW 110430/MN/0110); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, 8.iv.2004 (HNHM 94918).

Distribution

Valley of the Radika in western Macedonia. This taxon is known to occur within a few km section of the valley. Downstream it is replaced by M. p. radikae (Fig. 25).

Remarks

In the description, Nordsieck (1972) mentions material from from three sites, without specifying which of these are designated as paratypes. Sample SMF 247211 is labelled as paratypes and Zilch (1981) lists it accordingly. But SMNS-N 6933, the other part of the same lot, is without indication of type status.

Montenegrina perstriata tenebrosa Nordsieck, 2009

Fig. 27M

Montenegrina perstriata Dhora and Welter-Schultes 1999: 16.

Montenegrina perstriata tenebrosa Nordsieck, 2009: 78–79, plate 3, fig. 14.

Diagnosis

Shell medium to large, dark corneous. Lower whorls smooth, upper ones very finely and densely striate. Neck densely striate. Peristome rounded to angular, with strongly swollen, reflexed margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis mostly do not overlap. Subcolumellaris mostly not, clausilium plate not visible through the aperture. Lunella dosolateral-lateral, fused to the basalis. Sulcalis well developed. Anterior plica superior frequently connected to the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 18.3–21.4 (holotype 20.9), Ws: 4.75–5.6 (holotype 5.3).

Type locality

Albania, Mali i Gurit, Qafa e Zylit, 1800 m.

Type material

Type locality, leg. Dhora, 16.ix.1996, holotype (SMNS 70546), paratypes (SMNS-N 10698/4, SMF 328780/3).

Other material

Albania, Bulqizë District, Maja a Zyllit (= Maja e Shullanit), 6 km from the Librazhd to Peshkopi road toward Sebisht, 1360 m, 41.3611°N, 20.3967°E, leg. ZF, 13.iv.2014 (HNHM 98975).

Distribution

Gollobordë Plateau in northeastern Albania. The precise location of the type locality is unknown, but the material from the road to Sebisht is thought to be from its vicinity (Fig. 25).

Remarks

Nordsieck (2009) noted that M. p. tenebrosa is close to the ‘crassa’ mentioned by Fehér and Erőss (2009) from central Albania. Based on a large set of recently obtained samlpes we are of the opinion that the form mentined as crassa (Fehér and Erőss 2009) belongs to M. p. callistoma. We regard M. p. tenebrosa an extremely large member of this heterogeneous group, but maintain its status as a separate subspecies.

Montenegrina prokletiana sp. n.

Diagnosis

Shell very small to small, elongate, light corneous. Whorls flat, smooth to indistinctly wrinkled, lower whorls nearly of same width. Neck costate, its strong inflection extends to the lateral side. Basal crest weak, peripheral crest strong. Peristome attached, ovoid to somewhat angular, with more or less swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. In front view lamella inferior moderately, medium-bent subcolumellaris strongly emerged. Lunella dosal-dorsolateral to dorsolateral, separate from the basalis. Subclaustralis of variable strength, sulcalis present. Anterior plica superior mostly absent. Clausilium plate not or only barely visible through the aperture. Differs fom all other species of the genus by its very prominent, horizontally ending lamella subcolumellaris.

Montenegrina prokletiana prokletiana ssp. n.

Fig. 24F

Diagnosis

Very small, slender subspecies with strongly inflexed neck, weak basalis, but long subclaustralis.

Description

The light brown shell is very small and slender, its 8½ to 10½ whorls are separated by a deep suture. The lower three whorls are almost of the same width. Except the finely costate neck the entire shell surface is smooth. The strong inflection of the neck extends to the ventral side. The basal crest is weak, the peripheral one is strong. The light brown peristome is inflexed at the parietal side. The swollen and deflexed peristome margin is absent at the upper columellar side. The strong, projected lamella superior barely overlaps with the spiralis. The lamella inferior is weakly emerged, it turns horizontal before ending. In front view the medium-bent subcolumellaris is visible. Neither the inferior, nor the subcolumellaris reach the peristome margin. The dorsolateral lunella is not connected to the residual basalis. The subclaustralis is long and well developed, the sulcalis is present. The anterior plica superior is missing. The clausilium plate is not or only barely visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Holotype Hs: 10.8, Ws: 2.7, Ha: 2.6, Wa: 2.1; paratypes (HNHM 99491, n = 12): Hs: 9.1–11.0 (mean 9.9, S.D. 0.66), Ws: 2.4–2.8 (mean 2.6, S.D. 0.12), Ha: 2.3–2.7, Wa: 1.9–2.2.

Differential diagnosis

The new subspecies differs from M. p. kovacsorum ssp. n. by its smaller size, non-marginal lamellae inferior and subcolumellaris, as well as its well developed subclaustralis.

Type locality

Albania, Tropojë District, Dragobi (14 km N of Bajram Curri), gorge of the Përroi i Thatë, 540 m, 42.4364°N, 19.9846°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, DM, 6.x.2005, holotype (HNHM 99490), paratypes (HNHM 99491/3a+24, NHMW 111223/5a, MMM-B01326/25, ER/24, SZ/4); same locality, leg. ZB, Somogyi, 12.viii.2012, paratypes (HNHM 99492/13a+3aj).

Etymology

The new taxon is named after the Prokletije Mts, the area where this species is distributed.

Distribution

Northern Albania, Valbona Valley in the southern part of the Prokletije Mts. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 26).

Montenegrina prokletiana kovacsorum ssp. n.

Fig. 24G

Diagnosis

Small, very slender subspecies with strongly inflexed neck and emerged, almost marginal, swollen end of the lamella subcolumellaris.

Description

The small, very slender, light brown shell consists of 8½ to 10½ whorls, which are separated by a deep suture. The lower three whorls are almost of the same width. The surface is smooth over the entire shell except the neck, which is strongly wrinkled-costate from the dorsal side. The neck inflection is very strong and extends to the ventral side. The basal crest is weak, the peripheral one is strong. The light brown peristome is inflexed at the parietal side. The peristome margin is narrow, swollen and deflexed, but it is entirely absent over the upper columellar side. The strong lamella superior emerges from the plane of the peristome. Inward it does not overlap the spiralis. The lamella inferior is emerged, its end abruptly turns toward the aperture. Both the inferior and the medium-bent subcolumellaris terminate in thick, horizontal plicae at the peristome margin. The dorsal-dorsolateral to dorsolateral lunella is separate from the basalis. The subclaustralis is absent, the sulcalis is present. The anterior part of the plica superior is mostly missing, rarely a weak, separately standing residue of it is visible. The clausilium plate is not or only barely visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Holotype Hs: 15.5, Ws: 3.5, Ha: 3.5, Wa: 2.7; paratypes (HNHM 99486, n = 12) Hs: 10.7–16.2 (mean 13.8, S.D. 1.59), Ws: 2.5–3.5 (mean 3.1, S.D. 0.30), Ha: 2.7–3.5, Wa: 1.9–2.8.

Differential diagnosis

Differs from M. p. prokletiana ssp. n. by the larger size, marginally ending lamellae inferior and subcolumellaris, and the absence of a subclaustralis.

Type locality

Albania, Shkodër District, Toplanë, Drin Valley 20.5 km upstream of the Koman Dam, limestone gorge and a cave on the right bank of Koman Lake, 180 m, 42.2339°N, 19.8741°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZF, TK, DM, 18.vi.2012, holotype (HNHM 99485), paratypes (HNHM 99486/26+17a+4aj, NHMW 111221/11, SZ/2).

Other material

Albania, Drin Valley ca. 17.5 km upstream of the Koman Dam, right bank, 42.2258°N, 19.8924°E, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, DM, 15.iv.2006 (HNHM 99487); ca. 18 km upstream of the Koman Dam, left side-valley, 170 m, 42.2269°N, 19.9050°E, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, DM, 15.iv.2006 (HNHM 99488); Tropojë District, 3 km W of the Lumi i Valbonës mouth along the Dushaj to Tetaj road, 240 m, 42.2623°N, 19.9911°E, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, DM, 7.x.2005 (HNHM 97074, MMM-B01325); same locality, leg. DA, ZE, ZF, JG, 26.vi.2014 (HNHM 99258, NHMW 111222).

Etymology

The new taxon is named after Tibor Kovács, entomologist (HNHM), and Kornél Kovács, malacologist, both participants of several field trips to the Balkans.

Distribution

Lower Drin Valley in northern Albania. Known to occur upstream of the Koman Dam up to the mouth of the Valbonë (Fig. 26). Along this section of the river we found Montenegrina shells in fluvial flotsam, which likely belong to this subspecies, but their poor condition does not allow unambiguous identification.

Remarks

The specimens near the mouth of the Valbonë are usually smaller (Hs: 9.0–12.0 mm) with fewer (8–9) whorls. Some flotsam specimens have strongly wrinkled surface, but otherwise very similar shell structure.

Montenegrina rugilabris (Mousson, 1859)

Diagnosis

Shell medium to large, yellowish- to purplish-brown. Lower whorls mostly smooth, upper ones smooth to indistinctly costate. Neck not or weakly inflexed. Basal crest well recognizable, peripheral crest weak. Peristome rounded to ovoid, with wide, swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis mostly overlap. In front view lamella inferior variably emerged, broadly-bent subcolumellaris usually visible. Lunella dorsal to dorsal-dorsolateral, fused to or separate from the basalis. Lunella complex with the basalis can form a lambda-like structure. Subclaustralis always shorter than the basalis, sulcalis strong. Anterior plica superior fused to or separate from the lunella complex. Clausilium plate well visible through the aperture. Distinguishable from the similar M. skipetarica by the shorter subclaustralis and well developed sulcalis.

Montenegrina rugilabris rugilabris (Mousson, 1859)

Fig. 28A

Clausilia rugilabris Mousson, 1859: 275–276.

Clausilia (Delima) rugilabrisWesterlund 1884: 53.

Delima (Albanodelima) rugilabrisWagner 1924: 120.

Montenegrina rugilabris Zilch 1981: 130, plate 14, fig. 34. – Nordsieck 2009: 74.

Diagnosis

Shell medium, tumid, yellowish-brown. Lower whorls smooth, upper ones very finely, indistinctly costate. Neck not to weakly inflexed, finely and densely costate. Basal crest well recognizable, peripheral crest weak. Peristome attached, with strongly swollen, reflexed margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. In front view lamella inferior moderately emerged, broadly-bent subcolumellaris visible. Lunella dorsal, separate from the short basalis. Subclaustralis absent or residual. Anterior plica superior often connected to the lunella complex. Clausilium plate almost entirely visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 16.5–20.4, Ws: 5.1–6.3 (near Ligkiades junction HNHM 99549).

Figure 28. 

A Montenegrina rugilabris rugilabris (Mousson, 1859), syntype, SMF 176313 B M. rugilabris golikutensis ssp. n., holotype, NHMW 111214 C M. rugilabris gregoi ssp. n., holotype, HNHM 99474 D M. rugilabris edmundi Szekeres, 2006, HNHM 94850 E M. rugilabris lambdaformis Reischütz & Sattmann, 1990, holotype, NHMW 84367 F M. rugilabris irmengardis Klemm, 1962, paratype, SMF 165015 G M. rugilabris welterschultesi Fehér & Szekeres, 1999, holotype, HNHM 70840 H M. soosi Erőss & Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94868 I M. stankovici (Urbański, 1960), Sveti Naum, HNHM 90879 J M. sporadica sporadica Nordsieck, 1974, holotype, SMF 227678 K M. sporadica tropojana ssp. n., holotype, NHMW 111224. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Type locality

“Ianina” = Greece, Epirus, Ioannina.

Type material

“Janina”, ex Mousson, ex Schaefli, syntypes (SMF 176313/7); same locality, ex Rossmässler, syntype (SMF 176314/1); same locality, ex Boettger, syntypes (SMF 176315/3), same locality, ex Jetschin, syntypes (SMF 94048/2); same locality, ex Shuttleworth, syntypes (NMBE 21042/6).

Other material

Greece, Epirus, Mitsikeli Mts, N of Ligkiades, 1220 m, 39.7019°N, 20.8946°E, leg. JK, DM, Szederjesi, ZU, 4.v.2011 (HNHM 99546); Amfithea to Spothi road N of the Lake Pamvotis, 0.5 km E of the Ligkiades junction, 600 m, 39.6828°N, 20.8887°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 24.vi.2014 (HNHM 99547); 1.5 km W of the Ligkiades junction, 530 m, 39.6895°N, 20.8714°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 24.vi.2014 (HNHM 99548); 1 km W of the Ligkiades junction, 550 m, 39.6870°N, 20.8740°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 24.vi.2014 (HNHM 99549); 0.5 km W of the Ligkiades junction, 570 m, 39.6849°N, 20.8795°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 24.vi.2014 (HNHM 99550); near Restaurant Drabatova SE of Amfithea, 480 m, 39.6832°N, 20.8779°E, leg. AR, NR, PR, ix.2013 (NHMW 110430/MN/0034); Strouni, E of Perama, 480 m, 39.6860°N, 20.8727°E, leg. LP, PS, 30.vii.1976 (HNHM 31110); Lapsista near Ioannina, leg. Nordsieck, 21.viii.1971 (NHMW-K 65044)

Distribution

Southwestern part and foothills of the Mitsikeli Mts, north of the Lake Pamvotis. Its range overlaps with that of M. janinensis (Fig. 29).

Figure 29. 

Distribution of Montenegrina rugilabris. M. rugilabris edmundi (empty circle with dot); M. rugilabris golikutensis ssp. n. (triangle); M. rugilabris gregoi ssp. n. (empty triangle); M. rugilabris irmengardis (square); M. rugilabris lambdaformis (star); M. rugilabris rugilabris (circle); M. rugilabris welterschultesi (inverted triangle).

Montenegrina rugilabris edmundi Szekeres, 2006

Fig. 28D

Montenegrina irmengardis edmundi Szekeres, 2006 in Erőss et al. 2006: 190–192, fig. 11.

Montenegrina skipetarica edmundi Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell large, purplish-brown with strong whitish overlay. Lower whorls are opaque and densely striate, upper ones increasingly glossy with diffuse striae. Neck not or barely inflexed, basal and peripheral crests very weak. Peristome attached, with somewhat swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. In front view lamella inferior well emerged, subcolumellaris mostly hidden. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral, fused to the long basalis. Subclaustralis short. Anterior plica superior mostly separate from the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 20.2–23.9 (holotype 22.2), Ws: 4.8–6.1 (holotype 5.3).

Type locality

Greece, Epirus, 6 km from Lia toward Lista, NE of Filiates, 460 m, 39.7358°N, 20.4537°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. PS, Szekeres, 16.v.1997, holotype (HNHM 94850), paratypes (NHMUK 20050220, HNHM 94851, NHMW 103279, RMNH 100707, SMF 328083, NMBE 534996/7); same locality, leg. ZE, AH, 18.vii.2004, paratypes (HNC 63184, HNHM 94852); Thesprotia, 8.5 km ESE of Tsamantas, between Lista and the junction to Keramitsa, 470 m, UTM DK50, leg. Gittenberger, 27.v.1991, paratypes (RMNH 100706/14).

Other material

Type locality, 39.7358°N, 20.4537°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 25.vi.2013 (HNHM 99697, NHMW 110430/MN/0173); near the waterfall at the SE end of Tsamantas, 620 m, leg. PS, 17.vii.1990 (MNBE)

Distribution

Southeastern part of the Mt. Mourgana in Epirus, northwestern Greece. In addition to the type locality a site is also known near Tsamantas (Fig. 29).

Remarks

In a recent assessment Nordsieck (2008) classified M. r. edmundi (as well as the M. rugilabris subspecies irmengardis, lambdaformis Reischütz & Sattmann, 1990 and welterschultesi Fehér & Szekeres, 1999) with M. skipetarica.

Montenegrina rugilabris golikutensis ssp. n.

Fig. 28B

Diagnosis

Medium-size, light to darker purplish-brown subspecies with smooth whorls, not overlapping lamellae superior and spiralis, in front view not visible lamella subcolumellaris, and mostly separate anterior plica superior and lunella complex.

Description

The medium-size, dark to lighter purplish-brown shell consists of 9 to 10 whorls, which are separated by a whitish suture. The entire surface is smooth, except that of the weakly inflexed, very finely and densely costate neck. The basal and peripheral crests are weak. The light brown, ovoid to somewhat quadrangular, narrowly attached peristome has slightly swollen margin. The lamella superior initiates at the end of the spiralis, without overlap. The lamella inferior is moderately emerged, its end part descends straight. The broadly bent subcolumellaris is not visible in front view. The dorsal to dorsolateral lunella is short and wide, fused to the short subclaustralis but not to the much longer basalis. The sulcalis is strong. The anterior par of the plica superior is long, often connected to the lunella complex. The clausilium plate is partly visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Holotype Hs: 17.6, Ws: 4.7, Ha: 4.3, Wa: 3.5; paratypes Hs: 16.2–20.1 (mean 18.3, S.D. 1.17), Ws: 4.6–5.8 (mean 5.0, S.D. 0.33), Ha: 4.3–5.3, Wa: 3.3–4.2 (NHMW 111215, n = 12).

Differential diagnosis

Differs from M. r. irmengardis and M. r. lambdaformis Reischütz & Sattmann, 1990 by the non-overlapping lamellae superior and spiralis, deeper lunella, and the separate basalis, whereas from all other M. rugilabris subspecies by its purplish-brown shell surface.

Type locality

Albania, Tepelenë District, Kendrevicë Mts, N slope of the Maja e Golikut, 1350 m, 40.2758°N, 20.0947°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. DA, ZF, JG, 28.vi.2014, holotype (NHMW 111214), paratypes (HNHM 99363/35, NHMW 111215/23+12a+18aj, GR/36, SZ/4); Mali i Golikut, E of Kodër, 1270 m, 40.2758°N, 20.0940°E, leg. ZB, DP, Schmidt, 11.viii.2006, paratypes (HNHM 99479/18, SZ/4); Mali i Golikut, 2.2 km E of Kodër, 1380 m, 40.2733°N, 20.0943°E, leg. ZB, DP, 11.viii.2006, paratype (HNHM 99480).

Etymology

The new taxon is named after the Mt. Goliku (Mali i Golikut), its type locality.

Distribution

Kendrevicë Mts in southern Albania. Known only from the type locality and its vicinity (Fig. 29).

Montenegrina rugilabris gregoi ssp. n.

Fig. 28C

Diagnosis

Medium-size, tumid subspecies with costate apical whorls, long overlapping lamellae superior and spiralis, and in front view visible lamella subcolumellaris.

Description

The medium-size, tumid, light corneous shell consists of 9½ to 11½ whorls. The surface of the lower whorls varies between almost smooth to indistinctly costate with widely spaced, wrinkle-like ribs. The apex is and the weakly inflexed neck are strongly costate. The basal and peripheral crests are weak. The wide-rimmed peristome is almost circular, its upper margin is narrowly attached. There is a long overlap between the lamellae superior and spiralis. The moderately emerged lamella inferior and the broadly-bent subcolumellaris are both well visible in front view. The dorsal lunella is fused to the basalis, which is much longer than the subclaustralis. The sulcalis is strong. The anterior part of the plica superior is not connected to the lunella complex. Part of the clausilium plate is visible through the aperture.

Dimensions

(in mm). Holotype Hs: 19.7, Ws: 5.7, Ha: 4.9, Wa: 4.0; paratypes Hs: 15.3–19.9 (mean 17.8, S.D. 1.34), Ws: 4.5–5.7 (mean 5.1, S.D. 0.35), Ha: 3.9–4.9, Wa: 3.5–4.1 (HNHM 99475, n = 12).

Differential diagnosis

Distinguishable from all other M. rugilabris subspecies by its costate apical whorls.

Type locality

Greece, Epirus, Ioannina District, 3 km NE of Prosilio, along the road to Syrrako, 1130 m, 39.5768°N, 21.0969°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 23.vi.2013, holotype (HNHM 99474), paratypes (HNHM 99475/21+27a, NHMW 111211/10a+39aj, ER/44, GR/44, SZ/8).

Other material

Greece, Epirus, 1 km W of Kipina Monastery, 620 m, 39.5668°N, 21.1231°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 23.vi.2013 (HNHM 99476, NHMW 111212); Kipina Monastery, 700 m, 39.5681°N, 21.1313°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 23.vi.2013 (HNHM 99477, NHMW 111213).

Etymology

The new taxon is named after Jozef Grego, malacologist, and also to his son Maroš Grego, who accompanied the first author on several Balkan field trips, including the one during which when this subspecies was discovered.

Distribution

Lakmos Mts in northwestern Greece. Known from two nearby localities in the western part of the Lakmos (Fig. 29).

Remarks

The specimens from the vicinity of the Kipina Monastery have weaker sculpture than those of the type locality.

Montenegrina rugilabris irmengardis Klemm, 1962

Fig. 28F

Montenegrina (Beieriella) irmengardis Klemm, 1962: 242–244, plate 3, figs 2 (genital anatomy), 8 (shell).

Montenegrina irmengardis irmengardis Nordsieck 1972: 35, plate 4, fig. 34. – Zilch 1981: 128, plate 15, fig. 40.

Montenegrina skipetarica irmengardis Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell large, dark purplish-brown with whitish suture. Lower whorls smooth, upper ones smooth to finely wrinkled-costate. Neck not to slightly inflexed, finely and densely striate. Basal crest well recognizable, peripheral crest weak. Peristome attached, with somewhat swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. In front view lamella inferior well emerged, subcolumellaris mostly visible. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral, fused to the basalis. Subclaustralis short. Anterior plica superior mostly separate from the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 20.1–26.2, Ws: 5.2–6.5 (Nordsieck 1972).

Type locality

Greece, Epirus, “Platanusa” (= Platanoussa), 750–800 m.

Type material

Type locality, leg. Beier, 3–10.vi.1933, holotype (NHMW 74164), paratypes (NHMW 74165/pl., NHMW-K 47162/pl. NHMW-K 47163/pl., NHMW-K 47165/pl., NHMW-E 58051/10, NHMW-E 58052/15, SMF 165015/5, SMF 201606/5, SMF 265701/10, NMBE 535001/1, NMBE 535000/2, SMNS-N 1277, HNHM 36719/2).

Other material

Type locality, 600 m, 39.4279°N, 21.0106°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 23.vi.2013 (HNHM 99554); Epirus, W of Kedros, 2 km toward Charakopi, 730 m, 39.5728°N, 20.9861°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 24.vi.2013 (HNHM 99552); 4 km E of Charakopi, bridge of the Arachtos River, 380 m, 39.5763°N, 20.9772°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 24.vi.2013 (HNHM 99553).

Distribution

Arachtos Valley west of the Lakmos and Tzoumerka mountains in northwestern Greece. In addition to the type locality and its surroundings, this taxon is also known from another site ca. 17 km N of the type locality (Fig. 29).

Montenegrina rugilabris lambdaformis Reischütz & Sattmann, 1990

Fig. 28E

Montenegrina irmengardis lambdaformis Reischütz & Sattmann, 1990: 260, plate 3, fig. 7.

Montenegrina skipetarica lambdaformis Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell medium to large, dark purplish-brown with whitish suture. All whorls smooth, lower ones separated by whitish suture. Neck not to slightly inflexed, densely striate. Basal crest well recognizable, peripheral crest weak. Peristome mostly detached, with somewhat swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. In front view lamella inferior well emerged, subcolumellaris mostly visible. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral, fused to the basalis. Subclaustralis short. Anterior plica superior separate from the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 17–20 (holotype 19.5), Ws: 4.0–5.0 (holotype 4.5 mm).

Type locality

Greece, Epirus, Pateron Monastery, W of Zitsa.

Type material

Type locality, leg. PR, vii.1987, holotype (NHMW 84367), paratypes (NHMW 84368/3).

Other material

Greece, Epirus, E of Lithino, ca. 1 km N of the Pateron Monastery, 360 m, 39.7720°N, 20.6180°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JG, 25.vi.2013 (HNHM 99555).

Distribution

Epirus in northwestern Greece. Known only from the vicinity of the Pateron Monastery (Fig. 29).

Montenegrina rugilabris welterschultesi Fehér & Szekeres, 1999

Fig. 28G

Montenegrina irmengardis welterschultesi Fehér & Szekeres, 1999 in Erőss et al. 1999: 450, fig. 6.

Montenegrina skipetarica welterschultesi Nordsieck 2009: 73.

Diagnosis

Shell medium to large, purplish-brown with whitish suture. All whorls smooth, lower ones separated by whitish suture. Neck barely inflexed, densely striate. Basal and peripheral crests weak. Peristome attached, with somewhat swollen margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis long overlap. In front view lamella inferior moderately emerged, subcolumellaris mostly hidden visible. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral, fused to the basalis. Subclaustralis short. Anterior plica superior separate from the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 16.0–22.7 (holotype 22.1), Ws: 4.0–5.0 (holotype 4.8).

Type locality

Albania, Përmet District, Petran, at the confluence of the Vjosë and Lengaricë Rivers, 300 m, 40.2094°N, 20.4126°E.

Type material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, 7.vii.1996, holotype (HNHM 70840), paratypes (HNHM 70841/7, NHMW 100080/2, SMF 312508/2, NMBE 535015/1, NMBE 22596/2).

Other material

Type locality, leg. ZE, ZF, KK, 13.iv.2001 (HNHM 86127); same locality, leg. ZF, LT, 18.viii.2007 (HNHM 99556); same locality, leg. PJ, TK, DM, GP, 13.x.2012 (HNHM 99557); Përmet District, Nemerçkë Mts, gorge ca. 2 km SW of Draçovë, 450 m, 40.1226°N, 20.4805°E, leg. DA, ZE, ZF, JG, 29.vi.2014 (HNHM 99558, NHMW 110430/MN/0035).

Distribution

Nemerçkë Mts in southern Albania. Welter-Schultes (1996) found this taxon 6 km southeast of Përmët, in the vicinity of the type locality. Recently another population has been found near Draçovë, indicating that this taxon might be wider distributed in the Nemerçkë Mts (Fig. 29).

Montenegrina skipetarica (Soós, 1924)

Diagnosis

Shell small to large, light corneous to violet-brown. Neck variably inflexed. Peristome mostly attached. In front view lamella inferior moderately to well emerged. Subcolumellaris broadly-bent. Lunella short and broad, dorsal-dorsolateral to dorsolateral. Lunella complex with the basalis can form a lambda-like structure. Plica superior fused to the principalis. Basalis and subclaustralis of comparable length. Sulcalis weak or residual. Anterior plica superior absent to strong. Clausilium plate well visible through the aperture. Distinguishable from M. rugilabris by the longer subclaustralis and weak sulcalis.

Montenegrina skipetarica skipetarica (Soós, 1924)

Fig. 30E

Clausilia (Delima) skipetarica Soós, 1924: 181–183, figs 2 (shell), 3 (genital anatomy).

Delima (Albanodelima) skipetaricaWagner 1924: 120.

Montenegrina perstriata skipetarica Erőss et al. 2006: 203, fig. 26. – Nordsieck 2009: 73, plate 1, fig. 1.

Diagnosis

Shell large, tumid, reddish-brown with whitish suture. Lower whorls smooth, upper ones finely costate. Neck weakly inflexed, wrinkled-costate. Basal crest well recognizable, peripheral crest weak. Peristome attached, ovoid to somewhat quadrangular, with simple margin. Lamellae superior and spiralis overlap. In front view lamella inferior well emerged, subcolumellaris mostly not visible. Lunella dorsal-dorsolateral, usually connected to the short basalis. Subclaustralis short, sulcalis residual. Anterior plica superior absent or week and separate from the lunella complex.

Dimensions

(in mm). Hs: 18.5–23.4, Ws: 5.6–6.8 (topotypes HNHM 99521).

Figure 30. 

A Montenegrina skipetarica puskasi ssp. n., holotype, HNHM 99448 B M. skipetarica konitsae Nordsieck, 1972, holotype, SMF 221044 C M. skipetarica voidomatis Nordsieck, 1974, holotype, SMF 227688 D M. skipetarica thysi Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1988, Vikos Gorge, Agia Paraskevi, HNHM 99532 E M. skipetarica skipetarica (Soós, 1924), Ura e Lapavës, HNHM 99521 F M. skipetarica ersekensis Nordsieck, 1996, 4.5 km S of Barmash, HNHM 99533 G M. skipetarica rugosa Fehér & Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94862 H M. skipetarica nobilis Erőss & Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94844 I M. skipetarica remota Fehér & Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94859 J M. skipetarica flava Erőss & Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94853 K M. skipetarica csikii Erőss & Szekeres, 2006, holotype, HNHM 94837 L M. skipetarica pifkoi ssp. n., holotype, HNHM 99464 M M. skipetarica pindica Nordsieck, 1988, holotype, NHMW 84024a N M. skipetarica danyii ssp. n., holotype, HNHM 99471 O M. skipetarica gurelurensis ssp. n., holotype, HNHM 99459. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Type locality

“Ura i Lopez” = Albania, Kukës District, 2.5 km N of Bushtricë along the Kukës to Peshkopi road, Ura e Lapavës at the gorge of the Përroi i Vaut të Çajës, 600 m.

Type material

The original series, collected by Csiki, were destroyed in 1956 by a fire at the HNHM (Erőss et al. 2006).

Other material

Type locality, 41.8949°N, 20.4169°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 25.vi.2003 (HNHM 93813); type locality, leg. LD, ZE, ZF, AH, DM, 26.vi.2007 (HNHM 99521); Mat District, 3 km W of the Qafa e Murrës, Shkëmb i Skanderbeut, gorge of the Lumi i Varoshit, 970 m, 41.6465°N, 20.1901°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 26.vi.2003 (HNHM 94914); same locality, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, DM, 11.x.2005 (HNHM 96806); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, DM, 13.iv.2006 (HNHM 96809); same locality, leg. ZB, ZF, DM, DP, ZU, 18.v.2010 (HNHM 99522); Mat District, 5 km toward Fushë-Lurë from the Peshkopi to Burrel road, upper valley of the Lumi i Varoshit, 1360 m, 41.6651°N, 20.2083°E, leg. ZF, DM, ZU, 18.v.2010 (HNHM 99523); 5 km E of Lis along the Peshkopi to Burrel road, 850 m, 41.6361°N, 20.1228°E, leg. ZE, ZF, JK, DM, 26.vi.2003 (HNHM 94842); same locality, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, DM, 13.iv.2006 (HNHM 96815); W of the Shkëmb i Skanderbeut, 2 km from the Peshkopi to Burrel road toward Fushë-Lurë, 1180 m, 41.6502°N, 20.1861°E, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, DM, 13.iv.2006 (HNHM 96807).

Distribution

Lura-Dejë mountain group and the Korab Mts in northern Albania. Most of the known occurrences are in the southern part of the Lura-Dejë mountain group. The type locality, however, is 30–40 km northeast of this area, and an isolated occurrence is in the northwestern part of the Korab Mts (Fig. 31B).

Figure 31. 

Distribution of Montenegrina skipetarica. A M. skipetarica ersekensis (triangle); M. skipetarica flava (star); M. skipetarica konitsae (circle); M. skipetarica nobilis (inverted triangle); M. skipetarica pindica (empty triangle); M. skipetarica rugosa (diamond); M. skipetarica thysi (empty circle with dot); M. skipetarica voidomatis (square) B M. skipetarica csikii (square); M. skipetarica danyii ssp. n. (empty triangle); M. skipetarica gurelurensis ssp. n. (empty circle with dot); M. skipetarica pifkoi ssp. n. (triangle); M. skipetarica puskasi ssp. n. (circle); M. skipetarica remota (star); M. skipetarica skipetarica (empty circle).

Remarks

Soós’ paper (1924) describing M. p. skipetarica is a chapter of a larger study assessing the results of Csiki’s zoological explorations in northern Albania. Whereas the complete volume was published only in 1940, the chapter written by Soós had already been printed and circulated in 1924. Therefore, in the case of skipetarica this earlier date is to be regarded as the year of description (Erőss et al. 2006).

Montenegrina skipetarica csikii Erőss & Szekeres, 2006

Fig. 30K

Montenegrina