Research Article |
Corresponding author: Gunnar Mikalsen Kvifte ( gunnar.mikalsen-kvifte@nord.no ) Academic editor: Kurt Jordaens
© 2022 Santiago Jaume-Schinkel, Gunnar Mikalsen Kvifte.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Jaume-Schinkel S, Kvifte GM (2022) First record of Lepidiella Enderlein, 1937 from the Oriental Region (Diptera, Psychodidae). ZooKeys 1115: 73-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1115.81668
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We provide the first record of the genus Lepidiella Enderlein, 1937 from the Oriental Region with the description of Lepidiella limicornis sp. nov., based on two male specimens collected in Thailand. Additionally, we provide a list of the world species of Lepidiella and discuss the diagnosis and taxonomic placement of the genus.
Moth flies, new record, new species, Psychodinae, taxonomy
The moth fly fauna of the Oriental Region is highly diverse and understudied, with the family Psychodidae including more than 420 described species (
The genus Lepidiella Enderlein, 1937, formerly known as Syntomoza Enderlein, 1937 (see Quate, 1963;
Here, we describe a new species of the genus Lepidiella and discuss its generic placement. Additionally, we record Lepidiella for the first time outside the Neotropical Region, and we update the generic diagnosis of this genus.
The studied specimens are deposited at the Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (
Measurements were made with an ocular micrometer in a microscope Leitz model Dialux 20, measures in millimeters (mm). Head width was taken at the widest part, approximately above the insertion of antennal scape, whereas the length was taken from the vertex to the lower margin of clypeus; wing length measured from the base of the wing at the start of the costal node to the apex of the wingtip, while the width was taken approximately at an imaginary vertical line crossing the radial and medial forks; palpal proportions consider the length of the first palpal segment as a unit (1.0).
We follow the general terminology proposed by
Lepidiella
Syntomoza
Kupara
Males and females with vertex dorsally expanded; males with or without corniculi, females without corniculi; males and females with 4 rows of facets on eye bridge, antennae with 14 barrel-shaped flagellomeres, flagellomeres 1–11 with a pair of simple digitate ascoids, flagellomeres 12–14 reduced in size and without ascoids; wing vein R4 ending slightly before or at the wing apex; males with multiple apical tenacula on hypopods.
Lepidiella albipeda (Rapp, 1945), L. amaliae (Collantes & Martínez-Ortega, 1997), L. cervi (Satchell, 1955), L. flabellata Bravo & Santos, 2011, L. hansoni (Quate, 1996), L. lanuginosa Enderlein, 1937, L. larryi Ibáñez-Bernal, 2010, L. limicornis sp. nov., L. maculosa Araújo & Bravo, 2019, L. matagalpensis (Collantes & Martínez-Ortega, 1988), L. monteveredica (Quate, 1996), L. niveitarsis (Enderlein, 1937), L. olgae Bravo & Araújo, 2013, L. pickeringi (Quate, 1999), L. robusta Bravo & Santos, 2011, L. spinosa Bravo, 2005, L. wagneri Araújo & Bravo, 2019, L. zumbadoi (Quate, 1999).
Holotype
, ♂, slide mounted, . “Lepidiella limicornis #m // HOLOTYPE // Thailand: Chiang Mai, // Doi Pui Mong village, // waterfall/pond, // 18.8163°N, 98.8831°E // 9.IV.1991, (hand net) // J. Kjaerandsen leg. //
This species can be easily differentiated from all the species in Lepidiella by the combination of the following characters: eyes separated by 4 facet diameters, interocular suture as inverted U, second flagellomere asymmetrical, and hypopods with four tenacula.
Thailand, Chiang Mai, Doi Pui Mong village (18.8163°N, 98.8831°E).
Measurements in mm (n = 2). Wing length 1.81, width 0.68; head length 0.45, width 0.34; Antennal segments, scape: 0.19, pedicel: 0.07, flagellomere 1: 0.08, flagellomere 2: 0.08, flagellomeres 3–9: 0.06; Palpomeres 1: 0.08, 2: 0.12, 3: 0.12, 4: 0.16.
Male. Holotype. Head 2 × longer than wide, with a pair of 3-branched cornicula, eyes separated by approximately 4 facet diameters; eye bridge with four facet rows; interocular suture as an inverted U, extending towards middle of vertex, a little longer than eye bridge width. Antenna with scape about 4× longer than its width, about 3× length of pedicel, cylindrical, tapered at base, and broadening at apex; first flagellomere cylindrical, symmetrical, about ½ width of scape, second flagellomere asymmetrical with a protuberance on inner margin, subsequent flagellomeres symmetrical, cylindrical, about ½ width of first and second flagellomeres. Total number of flagellomeres unknown as apical flagellomeres are missing in examined specimens; maximum number of flagellomeres = 7. Palps extending to flagellomere 6, palpal proportions, 1.0:1.5:1.5:2.
Wing 2.7 × longer than wide, hyaline except costal cell which is brownish; Sc not reaching C but extending to junction of R2+3+R5; R4 ending at wing apex, CuA reaching wing margin.
Terminalia. Hypandrium narrow, with rounded margin, seems partially fused with gonocoxites; length of gonocoxites 0.60 length of gonostyli, about 2× longer than wide; gonostyli narrow, tapered towards apex, with alveoli in outer basal ⅓; gonocoxal apodemes triangular, medial extension connected to base of aedeagus; aedeagus symmetrical, bifurcated; paramere narrow, well sclerotized; ejaculatory apodeme dorsoventrally flattened, rounded at anterior margin and tapering towards aedeagus; epandrium about same length and width; basal margin concave around entire length, apical margin strongly concave at middle; hypopods about 1.75× length of gonocoxites, narrow with apical margin rounded; 4 apical tenacula on each; tenacula apex rounded, concave; epiproct triangular with apical margin rounded, covered in micropilosity.
Lepidiella limicornis sp. nov., male holotype. 1 head 2 first antennal segments 3 wing 4 hypandrium, gonocoxites, gonostyli, aedeagus 5 epandrium and surstyli. Abbreviations: aed = aedeagus, cor = corniculi, eja = ejaculatory apodeme, ep = epandrium, fla = flagellomere, gns = gonostylus, gnx = gonocoxites, scp = scape, hpd = hypopod. Scale bars in millimeters.
Female. Unknown.
From Latin līmus = oblique + cornus = horns, making references to the oblique shape of the fourth antennal segment (second flagellomere).
Only known from the type locality.
Of these six characters only five fit with the species described here: gonocoxal apodemes are not fused and are extended anteriorly. The diagnosis presented above reflects this.
Corniculi are present in many genera, including Clytocerus Eaton, 1904, Jungiella Vaillant, 1972, Panimerus Eaton, 1913, Pangeogladiella Ježek, 2001, Mystropsychoda Duckhouse, 1975, and Neoarisemus Botoseneanu & Vaillant, 1970. However, this species can be easily separated from Mystropsychoda by the presence of an eye bridge (absent in Mystropsychoda); from Neoarisemus, Panimerus, and Jungiella by barrel-shaped flagellomeres and wing venation with R4 ending at the apex of the wing and R5 endsing beyond apex (flagellomeres fusiform and R4 before and R5 at the apex in Neoarisemus, Panimerus, and Jungiella). Finally, Lepidiella can be differentiated from Clytocerus by the absence of fusion of flagellomeres 1 and 2 (fused in Clytocerus), the absence of tuft of curved setae on basal flagellomeres (present in Clytocerus), and the setae alveoli of the frons being in a large continuous patch (Clytocerus having two separate patches).
The characters separating Lepidiella from Clytocerus are unique characters for Clytocerus and probably represent apomorphies. It may, therefore, be that Lepidiella represents either a plesiomorphic sister group to Clytocerus or even is the paraphyletic ancestoral taxon to it. As Clytocerus generally have fused gonocoxal apodemes, while Lepidiella as shown here is polymorphic for this character, we deem it more likely that Lepidiella is paraphyletic to Clytocerus. However, we refrain from synonymizing the two until more unambiguous characters, including molecular ones, are available.
We are grateful to Jostein Kjærandsen for collecting the type specimen of the new species and to Trond Andersen for making it available for us to study. Per Djursvoll and Steffen Roth kindly facilitated us working together for a month at the University Museum of Bergen. SJS extends his gratitude to Morgane A. Kerdoncuf for opening her flat to him during his stay in Bergen.