A nomenclator of extant and fossil taxa of the Melanopsidae (Gastropoda, Cerithioidea)

Thomas Neubauer

doi:10.3897/zookeys.602.8136

Catalogue

A nomenclator of extant and fossil taxa of the Melanopsidae (Gastropoda, Cerithioidea)

Thomas A. Neubauer^‡

‡ Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Corresponding author: Thomas Neubauer ( thomas.neubauer@nhm-wien.ac.at )

Academic editor: Thierry Backeljau

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Neubauer TA (2016) A nomenclator of extant and fossil taxa of the Melanopsidae (Gastropoda, Cerithioidea). ZooKeys 602: 1-358. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.602.8136

ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:65EFA276-7345-4AC6-9B78-DBE7E98D6103

Abstract

This nomenclator provides details on all published names in the family-, genus-, and species-group, as well as for a few infrasubspecific names introduced for, or attributed to, the family Melanopsidae. It includes nomenclaturally valid names, as well as junior homonyms, junior objective synonyms, nomina nuda, common incorrect subsequent spellings, and as far as possible discussion on the current status in taxonomy. The catalogue encompasses three family-group names, 79 genus-group names, and 1381 species-group names. All of them are given in their original combination and spelling (except mandatory corrections requested by the Code), along with their original source. For each family- and genus-group name, the original classification and the type genus and type species, respectively, are given. Data provided for species-group taxa are type locality, type horizon (for fossil taxa), and type specimens, as far as available.

Keywords

Non-marine snails, catalogue, nomenclature, taxonomy, www-references

Introduction

The family Melanopsidae (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea) is one of the most diverse groups of non-marine gastropods in Earth history (Strong et al. 2008). Today, the family occurs in southern to eastern Europe, northern Africa, and the Middle East, as well as New Zealand and some south Pacific islands (Bănărescu 1990, Glaubrecht 1993, 1996, Altaba 1998, Strong et al. 2008). Its record dates back at least into the late Cretaceous of Europe (Bandel 2000, Neubauer et al. 2016a). While the fossil record of New Zealand species is fairly restricted, the record for Europe, northern Africa and the Middle East yielded many hundreds of species-group taxa. Early species were pure brackish-water dwellers, which they remained until the early Miocene, when they started to conquer freshwater (Glaubrecht 1996, Neubauer et al. 2016a). This change in life style coincided with a series of adaptive radiations in the middle and late Miocene, producing hundreds of species, and forming the basis for the modern clades and present diversity and distribution (Neubauer et al. 2016a).

The first detailed listing of names of living “Melanidae” – at that time the Melanopsidae were considered a subfamily of that group – was published by Brot (1874–1879). Soon later, Bourguignat (1884) followed with his “Histoire des mélaniens du système européen”, in which he described numerous new species, but few of them are currently still accepted. Pallary (1926a, b) provided a list of all published names of fossil and recent Melanopsidae, yet without any comments. Wenz (1929) summarized all Cenozoic (Paleocene–Pleistocene) names and gave extensive synonymy lists. Besides, there are papers on the fossil and recent Melanopsidae of Italy (Pantanelli 1886b) and Spain (Pallary 1924, Azpeitia Moros 1929). In addition, Pallary (1916a, b, 1920, 1925) provided a detailed account of nomenclatural mistakes concerning this family and introduced a great many of replacement names for existing homonyms.

A comprehensive annotated list of melanopsid names is, however, entirely missing. This catalogue presents information for all published names in the family-, genus- and species-group, as well as for a few infrasubspecific names. Discussed are nomenclaturally valid, invalid (e.g., junior objective synonyms, junior homonyms) and unavailable names (e.g., nomina nuda, misspellings), following the rules of the fourth edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999, henceforth referred to as “the Code”), incorporating later added amendments (see http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code/index.jsp). To facilitate comparison, the general outline of the present work follows the excellent nomenclator of Valvatidae by Haszprunar (2014).

Part I: Supraspecific taxa in Melanopsidae

The supraspecific phylogenetic relationships within the Melanopsidae are poorly resolved (Strong et al. 2011). Most of the subfamilies, genera and subgenera were established for particular morphological characteristics, most of which have been later shown to be highly variable and, moreover, polyphyletic (e.g., Neubauer et al. 2014a). Few of them are currently used in taxonomy.

The fossil Stomatopsinae Stache, 1889 (type genus: Stomatopsis Stache in Sandberger, 1871), originally introduced as subfamily of the “Melaniidae” (although Stache 1889 used the suffix “-idae”) but considered as a junior synonym of the Melanopsidae by Bouchet and Rocroi (2005: 248), are not included here. Their systematic position is highly uncertain and requires a more detailed re-examination.

Cossmann 1909: 183.

Original classification

Section of Melanopsis.

Type species

† Melanoptychia paradoxa Brusina, 1892, by original designation.

Cossmann 1889: 1101.

Type species

† Melanopsis pygmaea Hörnes, 1856, by original designation.

Remarks

Established as a substitute name for Homalia Handmann, 1887, which Cossmann (1899), despite being aware of the difference, treated as a junior homonym of “Homala Schumacher” (actually Omala Schumacher, 1817, unjustified emendation to “Homala” by Agassiz 1847).

Holandriana Bourguignat, 1884

Original source

Remarks

Junior homonym of Hyphantria Harris, 1841 (Lepidoptera).

Bourguignat 1884: 75.

Original classification

Subgenus of Melanopsis.

Type species

Melanopsis letourneuxi Bourguignat, 1884, by monotypy.

Remarks

Junior homonym of Letourneuxiana Silva e Castro, 1883 (Unionidae).

Locardiana Bourguignat, 1884

Original source

Type species

Melanopsis lortetiana Locard, 1883, by tautonymy.

Lyrcea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854

Original source

Adams and Adams 1853–1858: 310.

Original classification

Subgenus of Melanopsis.

Type species

Melanopsis dufourii Férussac, 1822, by subsequent designation by Cossmann (1909: 174).

Remarks

“Lyrcaea” as mentioned in Wenz (1929: 2647) and many other authors is an incorrect subsequent spelling.

Bourguignat 1884: 49.

Original classification

Genus of Melaniidae (note that Bourguignat actually only gave the vernacular “Mélaniens”).

Type species

Melanopsis acicularis Férussac, 1823, by subsequent designation by Cossmann (1909: 159).

Remarks

“Microcalpia” as mentioned in Fischer (1886: 705) is an incorrect subsequent spelling.

Remarks

Replacement name for Martinia Handmann, 1887, non M’Coy in M’Coy & Griffith, 1844. Junior homonym of Pannonia Dollfus, 1912 (see Battistiana).

Parreyssiana Bourguignat, 1884

Original source

Type species

Melanopsis esperi Férussac, 1823, by original designation.

Remarks

Junior objective synonym of Esperiana Bourguignat, 1876, with the same type species.

† Pseudofagotia Anistratenko, 1993

Original source

Finlay 1926: 380, 476.

Type species

Melanopsis trifasciata Gray, 1843, by original designation.

Part II: Species-group and infrasubspecific names

The number of living melanopsid species-group taxa accepted in taxonomy today ranges between 25 and 50 (Strong et al. 2008); the IUCN Red List includes 36 species. Fossil species are far more numerous, with over 450 accepted names (Neubauer et al. 2016a). Beyond that, a plethora of homonyms and synonyms have been described in the Melanopsidae. The catalogue includes taxa initially described in this family and subsequently classified in other families and vice versa. It comprises a total of 1381 names, of which 71 are unavailable (mostly nomina nuda), 252 are available but invalid (junior homonyms and junior objective synonyms) and 15 are unresolved (requiring the action of a First Reviser).

Not treated by the present work are taxa not described for, and currently not considered to belong to, the Melanopsidae but classified therein previously. In the 19^th century, many species introduced in the group that nowadays is understood as the family Melanopsidae, especially regarding varieties of Holandriana holandrii (Pfeiffer, 1828), have been classified within the genus Melania Lamarck, 1799 (e.g., Rossmässler 1838–1844, Brusina 1866, Kobelt 1881, Westerlund 1886, 1898). In order to avoid mixing with “real” Melania (which is a junior objective synonym of Thiara Röding, 1798, the type species of the family Thiaridae), only such Melania species-group taxa attributed to the Holandriana holandrii species-complex, or those that have been claimed to be related to that group, are included herein. Further taxa that are not included are: species introduced within the genera Faunus Montfort, 1810, Hemisinus Swainson, 1840, Dicolpus Philippi, 1887 [invalid: junior homonym of Dicolpus Gerstaecker, 1884 (Insecta)], Loxotrema Gabb, 1868, and Boggsia Olsson, 1929 that have been occasionally classified in the Melanopsidae (e.g., Brot 1874–1879, Cossmann 1909, Squires 1998, 1999, Squires and Saul 1997) but are not considered to belong there today; the Bullia (Bulliopsis) species described by Conrad (1830, 1862) from middle Miocene deposits of Maryland, USA (B. integra Conrad, 1862, B. marylandica Conrad, 1862, and B. quadrata Conrad, 1830) that he later considered melanopsids (Conrad 1866) but which belong to the marine Nassariidae after Allmon (1990); Paleocene species of the Stomatopsinae Stache, 1889 (genera Stomatopsis Stache in Sandberger, 1871, Stomatopsella Stache, 1889, and Megastomopsis Stache, 1889) which was considered a subfamily of Melanopsidae by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) but probably does not belong there; species introduced in the genus Coptostylus Sandberger, 1872, which has occasionally been classified within the Melanopsidae, but is currently assigned to the Thiaridae (Pacaud and Le Renard 1995: 156).

Basic sources used for the present assembly were the catalogues of Brot (1874–1879), Bourguignat (1884), Pallary (1926a, b) and Wenz (1929), as well as internet resources such as the Biodiversity Heritage Library (http://biodiversitylibrary.org/), the Global Names Index (http://gni.globalnames.org/) and the Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base (http://www.bagniliggia.it/WMSD/WMSDhome.htm). However, many names listed in those online repositories are obvious misspellings deriving from automatic digitization procedures that have not been critically reviewed (compare discussion in Haszprunar 2014). Such errors are not included here because they do not come from the published literature. Some of the names currently listed in those databases could neither be traced back to any publication, nor could they be linked to an evident misspelling. These names are on purpose excluded from the present paper to avoid introducing potential misspellings or nomina nuda into the literature. Nevertheless, I will be grateful to receive information on names presently not included here, as well as corrections, explanations and additions.

Some of the publications consulted for this work display problematic cases, regarding their actual publication dates or the nomenclatural or taxonomic concepts applied therein. These issues require careful examinations, which are provided below.

Melanopsis species introduced by André Etienne Justin Pascal Joseph Francois d’Audebard de Férussac

Férussac described several new species of Melanopsis in his “Histoire naturelle générale et particulière des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles”, as well as in the “Monographie des espèces vivantes et fossiles du genre mélanopside”. The problem is to determine the exact publication dates of those works and, therefore, when and in which work which species was described.

The “Histoire naturelle” is an extremely comprehensive work, containing two volumes of text and 210 plates, which were published between March 1819 and August 1851 in 35 “livraisons”. It has been subject of intensive debates regarding the exact publication dates – for details see Kennard (1942a–c). The work was commenced by Férussac, who issued the first 28 livraisons between 1819 and 1832. After his death in 1836, Gérard Paul Deshayes finished the work by adding another seven livraisons between 1839 and 1851, including new explanations for the plates. The work includes two plates of “Mélanopsides fossiles”. The first plate was published in livraison 15 on 13 April 1822, but its captions came along with livraison 17, which was published on 2 November 1822 (Kennard 1842b: 106). The second plate appeared in livraison 21 on 27 September 1823 including its captions (Kennard 1842a: 16).

To increase confusion, there is a disagreement between the original captions provided by Férussac and the ones supplied by Deshayes with livraison 29 in 1839 (Table 1; see also Kennard 1842b: 106). Deshayes made several corrections and synonymizations and even introduced two new names in the altered captions for plate 2, i.e., Melanopsis subcarinata and Melanopsis nodosa var. longa. While the original captions for plate 2 are available to me, I could not find the captions for plate 1. Both plates were also published par for par in Férussac’s (1823) monograph on the Melanopsidae. The captions for plate 2 are the same in both works (except minor differences regarding the details provided), so we can assume the same for plate 1. However, the exact wording of the original captions of 1822 needs to be seen in the future, in order to finally ascertain the availability of the associated names. A different problem appears for plate 2. While the year of publication of the species illustrated there is undoubtedly 1823, the original publication itself is uncertain – either the livraison 21 of the “Histoire naturelle” [27 September 1823] or the “Monographie” [exact date unknown]. This matter could unfortunately not be solved.

Table 1.

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Férussac’s original figure legends of the two plates of “Mélanopsides fossiles” (1822/1823) in the “Histoire naturelle”, compared with the altered legends supplied by Deshayes in 1839 when finalizing the work. Note that Férussac’s original figure legends for plate 1 are unavailable to me and thus based on the legends for plate 7 in Férussac (1823), which are supposed to be identical (see text for details).

Plate	Férussac’s original legend (1822/1823)	Deshayes’ altered legend (1839)
1	Fig. 1, 2. Melanopsis Buccinoidea, var γ) antiqua: inflata. Des environs d’Epernay. Melanopsis fusiformis, Sowerby, Min. conch., tab. 232, fig. 1, 5, 7	Fig. 1–7. Melanopsis fusiformis, Sowerby. Diverses variétés d’Épernay, de Cuiseaux et d’Angleterre
	Fig. 3. La même plus jeune, du lieu dit les Rozières, près d’Épemay
	Fig. 4. Melanops.Buccinoidea? var. ε) Minuta; fossilis. De Cuiseaux, près St.-Amour, dans le bassin de la Saône. Nota. Les tours de spire sont un peu trop détachés dans la figure
	Fig. 5. Melanops.Buccinoidea, var. γ) antiqua: elongata. Des environs d’Epernay. Melanops. fusiformis, Sowerby, loc. cit., fig. 2, 3, 6
	Fig. 6. La même, de l’île de Wight. Sowerby, id.
	Fig. 7. La même plus âgée, des environs d’Epernay
	Fig. 8. Melanops.Buccinoidea, var. α). Fossilis. de Sestos	8–11. — buccinoides, Férussac. Des îles de la Grèce et d’Italie
	Fig. 9. Melanops.Buccinoidea, var. γ) antiqua: inflata. Du dépôt situé entre St.-Germinini et Carsoli; Italie
	Fig. 10. Melanops.Buccinoidea, var. α). fossilis. De l’île de Rhodes
	Fig. 11. Melanops.Buccinoidea, var. δ). fossilis. Des dépôts situés entre St.-Germini et Carsoli, et entre Otricoli et le Vigne
	Fig. 12. Melanops. incerta? var. de Sestos	12. — incerta, Fér. De Sestos
	Fig. 13. Melanops. nodosa. Du dépôt situé entre Otricoli et le Vigne, route de Rome à Foligno	13. — nodosa, Férussac. Otricoli
	Fig. 14. Melanops. costata, de Sestos	14–15. — costata, Fér. De Sestos
	Fig. 15. La même plus petite, de Sestos
	Fig. 16. Melanops.Dufourii, var. ε). Fossilis, maxima. Des environs de Dax	16. — Dufourii, Fér. Dax
2	Fig. 1. Melanopsis buccinoidea, var. a) Bulimus antidiluviamus, Poiret.	Fig. 1, 2, 4, 5. Melanopsis buccinoidea, Férussac. Variétés de Carsoli, Italie
	Fig. 2. Id. var. γ) Antiquua. Du dépôt situé entre Saint-Germini et Carsoli
	Fig. 3. Id. même var. Plus âgée. Du même lieu	3. — subcarinata, Desh. d’Italie
	Fig. 4. Id
	Fig. 5. Melanops.Dufourii, var. a. De Dax
	Fig. 6. Melanops. incerta, var. a). Jeune de Sestos	6. — Audebardi, Desh. De Sestos. (Confondue par Férus. avec l’incerta)
	Fig. 7. Melanops. atra, fossile? De l’île de Luçon	7. — atra, Fèrus. De Luçon
	Fig. 8. Melanops. nodosa, var. a) cylindracea. Dans une roche calcaire d’Athènes	8. — nodosa, Fèrus. Var. longa d’Athènes
	Fig. 9. Melanops. Bouei. De la Moravie	9–10. — Bouei, Fèrussac. De la Moravie
	Fig. 10. Id. var.
	Fig. 11, 13. Melanops. Martiniana. Grand exemplaires	11–13. — martiniana, Féruss. De la Moravie
	Fig. 12. La même coquille; individus moins âgés

Validity of names mentioned in Férussac’s and Deshayes’ works

Apart from the uncertainties detailed above, the inconsistent formatting of Férussac’s (1823) monograph led later authors to adopt names as valid that were certainly not intended as such by Férussac himself. He introduced several new Melanopsis species and varieties, latter of which he denoted by Greek letters followed by Latin descriptions. Quite often, he used the same Latin words to characterize different varieties and apparently did not mean to introduce available names (e.g., Férussac 1823: 154). New names (or new combinations) were always denoted by him with “nobis”. Table 2 summarizes the available species-group names and unnamed varieties introduced and described by Férussac (1823).

Table 2.

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Available species-group names (in italics) and unnamed varieties in Férussac (1823). Only the names in bold were first introduced in that work. The assigned status as Recent (R) or fossil (F) is based on Férussac’s concept of the taxon in question, whether or not this reflects the latest opinion. Abbreviations: Lam. – Lamarck; O. – Olivier.

Species	Variety	Infrasub-specific name	Remarks	Fossil/recent
buccinoidea O.				R+F
	α			R+F
	β			R
	γ (“Antiquua”)		If considered available, it was a junior objective synonym of M. fusiformis Sowerby, 1822	F
		inflata	Already available from Férussac’s “Histoire naturelle”	F
		elongata	Already available from Férussac’s “Histoire naturelle”	F
	δ			F
	ε			F
dufourii			Already available from Férussac’s “Histoire naturelle”	R+F
	α			F
	β			R
	γ			R
	δ			R
	ε			F
	ζ			R
	η			R
	θ			R
martiniana			Junior objective synonym of M. fossilis (Gmelin, 1791)	F
*incerta*				F
costata O.				R+F
	α (“Fasciata”)		Nomen nudum	?
*costellata*			Junior objective synonym of M. cariosa (Linnaeus, 1767)	R
	α			R
nodosa			Already available from Férussac’s “Histoire naturelle”	R+F
	α			F
*bouei*				F
*decussata*				R
*esperi*				R
*acicularis*				R+F
	α			R
	β			R
atra Lam.				R
spinosa Lam.				R

The variety M. buccinoidea var. “γ) Antiquua” [sic] (Férussac 1823: 149) poses a special case. It appeared first in the legend of plate 1 of the “Mélanopsides fossiles” in the “Histoire naturelle” but – if the format was the same as in the monograph – not in italic font as are the other names. In the monograph, it is the only term on the subspecific level Férussac gave in small caps, a format he otherwise used only for vernacular names of species. Because of this and the fact that he did not add “nobis” it is unlikely that Férussac wanted to introduce a new name; rather, he may have intended to indicate its status as a fossil (Latin antiqua = old). If it had been introduced as a distinct taxon, the name would have been invalid as an objective junior synonym of Melanopsis fusiformis Sowerby, 1822, which Férussac listed in synonymy.

Férussac (1822) also introduced two additional names (inflata, elongata) in the captions of plate 1 of the “Mélanopsides fossiles”, ranked below var. γ [“Antiquua”]. In the monograph (1823) they are clearly marked with “nobis”. If “antiquua” [= fusiformis] was considered as a distinct taxon, these names would be of infrasubspecfic rank, which is not governed by the Code. Both names would have nonetheless become available as species-group names after Art. 45.6.4.1 at least from Pallary (1916: 77), who used them as valid species names. At that time, however, both of them were junior homonyms and thus invalid.

Pallary (1916: 77–78) considered several of the descriptive Latin terms as available names, i.e., “M. antiqua Férussac”, “M. affinis Férussac”, “M. magna Férussac”, “M. minuta Férussac”, “M. parva Férussac” and “M. subtuberculata Férussac”. Since Pallary (1916) clearly associated those names with illustrations in Férussac (1823), they became available thereby, but with the authority “Pallary, 1916”. This actually also includes Melanopsis antiqua, which had been an unavailable name until then.

Names introduced by Jean-Pierre Sylvestre de Grateloup in 1828 and 1838

A similar problem as for Férussac’s monograph appears in works by Grateloup (1828, 1838). He labelled varieties with Latin letters, occasionally followed by Latin terms (e.g., “olivula”) and Latin descriptions and sometimes marked with “Nob.”. In his 1828-work he attributed the Latin terms minor and major to varieties of two different species. Apparently, most of these terms were meant as keywords rather than real names. This becomes obvious also from Grateloup (1838), where he introduced the new name Melanopsis gibbosula for specimens treated as “var. b. minor” in Grateloup (1828).

In order to bring stability to the problem, I propose to use only the Latin terms marked by Grateloup with “Nob.” as available names.

The taxonomic concepts applied by Jules René Bourguignat, Paul Pallary, Jean-Marie Pérès and Ferdinand Starmühlner

The works by Bourguignat and Pallary between 1853 and 1939 extended the list of melanopsid names enormously (Figure 1). Both authors applied very detailed taxonomic concepts and introduced dozens of species and varieties for even minor morphological deviations or differences in shell color. This procedure artificially inflated present-day melanopsid diversity, and few of those names are actually used today (Glaubrecht 2011). Nonetheless, most of the names are nomenclaturally available.

Figure 1.

Numbers of melanopsid taxa described between 1758 and 2015 per year and per five years. The most important contributions, i.e., pioneer works and those with numerous new taxa described, are highlighted.

Unfortunately, Bourguignat and Pallary did not foresee that subspecies (as well as forma and variety names published before before 1961, Art. 10.2) would all become included by the Code in the species group, with the Principle of Homonymy applying throughout. Both malacologists introduced many varieties, such as minor and major, often several times for different species within the very same work. Pallary apparently considered some of the variety names he introduced as self-explanatory (e.g., Latin minor means “small”) and left them undescribed (see, e.g., Pallary 1904: 37). In order to avoid inflating the present catalogus with anyway unavailable and taxonomically hardly useful names, I chose not to include these nomina nuda.

Finally, Pérès (1938a, b, 1939, 1946) and Starmühlner (1970, 1973) applied elaborate systems to categorize morphologies and coloration patterns of recent melanopsids. Pérès introduced several “formae” and “modes” that he obviously did not use as valid names but rather as descriptive terms to fit existing species into his morphological concept (see, e.g., Pérès 1939: 135–137, Pérès 1946: 166). He even assigned “types” to his morpho-units (Pérès 1939: 137). Although hardly any of his new names have any meaning in nomenclature or taxonomy, the available names are included and discussed herein.

Starmühlner (1970, 1973) in a similar way classified New Caledonian specimens of Melanopsis frustulum according to form and size of the shell (“forma”), type and height of the spire (“modus”) and coloration (“coloratus”). None of the names used by Starmühlner are available in nomenclature because they were introduced after 1961 and are of infrasubspecific rank (Art. 10.2). They are not included in this catalogus.

Note on the information provided

The catalogue lists all names in alphabetical order in the original spelling and combination, with the necessary amendments required by the Code. The status of taxa that are invalid, unavailable or unresolved is denoted in square brackets after the taxon name; those without status declaration are available and nomenclaturally valid, irrespective of their taxonomic status. The first description, or alternatively the basis of record for unavailable names, is always indicated. Taxa solely found as fossils are marked by a dagger. Taxon authorities attributed to a person other than one of the authors in the original source are only accepted as such if there is clear evidence that the description derived from that person (Art. 50.1.1). In such cases, the notation is given in accordance with Recommendation 51E. Information on type locality, type horizon (for fossils only) and type specimens are indicated as far as available. The exact spelling or phrase (given in quotes) provided for the type locality in the original source is denoted, along with an English translation if required. If the localities have been indicated indirectly (e.g., “same as for the previous species”), the phrase is given in square brackets. Old locality names have been matched with today’s geographic names as far as possible, mostly using the GeoNames geographical database (http://www.geonames.org/v3/). Places that could not be found on the map or where the matched name is uncertain are marked by a postposed question mark in the translation.

Note that Wenz (1929) in his Fossilium Catalogus quite often misstated type localities, which he indicated in spaced letters. For taxa where no type has been fixed and several localities have been mentioned in the original publication, he apparently preferred localities mentioned first or those indicated for illustrated specimens. After Art. 76.1 of the Code, in absence of a holotype or lectotype the type locality encompasses the localities of all syntypes. Illustrated specimens do not automatically qualify as holotypes or have any priority in this respect.

Information on type horizons follows the most recent age classifications found in the literature (e.g., Neubauer et al. 2015a, Georgopoulou et al. 2015 for the Neogene and Quaternary freshwater deposits of Europe). As far as possible, the present taxonomic status of a taxon is indicated, i.e., whether it has been considered a junior synonym by later authors. Data on type specimens are provided for all names where information is available, particularly for those published after 1999, when a type fixation became mandatory (Art. 16.4). If not indicated otherwise, the information provided regards the storage of the holotype. For names published by Spiridion Brusina and Petar S. Pavlović the inventory catalogues of the Croatian Natural History Museum in Zagreb (Milan et al. 1974) and the Natural History Museum in Belgrade (Milošević 1962) formed the basis. Note, however, that Milan et al. (1974) often wrongly indicated holotypes from syntype series, apparently considering illustrated specimens preferable to the rest of the material (see also discussion in Neubauer et al. 2016b). Milošević (1962) provided inventory numbers of the specimens illustrated by Pavlović; neither of both applied a type concept.

Nomenclatural notes

The following list of species-group names comprises several recurrent nomenclatural issues. In order to save space, to avoid multiple elaborate repetitions of the same rules, and to prevent that the reader needs to consult the Code constantly, I refer in text to two nomenclatural notes which are defined as follows:

Note 1: Because of the Principle of Coordination (Art. 46), homonymy in the species-group does not depend on a taxon’s original rank in the species-group. This also encompasses variety and forma names published before 1961 (Art. 10.2). Many authors have been unaware that species names can constitute junior homonyms of subspecies, variety or forma names. Only in the case of simultaneously published names the taxon of higher rank takes precedence (Art. 24.1).

Note 2: Several names of Melanopsidae first occurred in synonymy lists of other names (see, e.g., Brot 1874–1879). According to Art. 11.6 of the Code, “a name which when first published in an available work was treated as a junior synonym of a name then used as valid is not thereby made available”. Some of the names, however, have been made indeed available following the provisions of Art. 11.6.1: “However, if such a name published as a junior synonym had been treated before 1961 as an available name and either adopted as the name of a taxon or treated as a senior homonym, it is made available thereby but dates from its first publication as a synonym [...]”.

Calvert and Neumayr 1880: 376, pl. 2, figs 20–22.

Type horizon

Late Sarmatian, Khersonian, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Renkiöi” [north of İntepe], Turkey.

Remarks

The name “acanthinula” as mentioned in Pallary (1926a: 74) is an incorrect subsequent spelling. Wenz (1929: 2650) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis acanthica Neumayr, 1869.

†Melanopsis (Martinia) martiniana var. accedens Handmann, 1887

Original source

Type horizon

Chattian, Oligocene.

Type locality

“In der oberen Leizach, an der Schlierach, im Sulzgraben, bei Pensberg, Rimselrain, im Höllbache, am hohen Peissenberge” [all localities are near Miesbach, southern Bavaria], Germany.

Remarks

Gümbel attributed the authority to Sandberger, but there is no evidence that the description really derived from that author.

† Melanopsis bouei var. acuminata Handmann, 1882, [invalid]

Original source

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis acuminata Gümbel, 1861. Wenz (1919a: 73) introduced Melanopsis pallaryi as replacement name (see also M. raphidia Pallary, 1920).

† Melanopsis acuminata Seninski, 1905, [invalid]

Original source

Remarks

Given as “adparensis” on p. 16, but “adrarensis” in plate captions. Since Pallary clearly denoted it from the locality Adrar, the name must be “adrarensis” (Art. 32.5.1).

“ Melanopsis agoroea ” mentioned in Bourguignat (1884: 83), [unavailable]

Locality

Not indicated.

Remarks

Nomen nudum: Bourguignat (1884) listed the name in synonymy of M. laevigata, perhaps referring to an unused manuscript name. Probably the name was intended as “agoraea”, but the ligature was mixed up during typesetting.

Melanopsis ahuiri Ahuir Galindo, 2014

Original source

Pallary 1922: 207.

Remarks

Unjustified emendation and therefore junior objective synonym of M. algerica Pallary, 1904.

†Melania (Campylostylus) allobroga Oppenheim, 1892

Original source

Oppenheim 1892: 766, pl. 30, figs 5–7.

Type horizon

Calcaire de Rognac, Maastrichtian, Cretaceous.

Type locality

“Les Pennes, Valon du Duc bei Rognac” [Les Pennes, Valon du Duc near Rognac], France.

Remarks

Originally the gender was incorrectly given as neutrum (“allobrogum”), but Melania is feminine.

†Melanopsis (Lyrcea) almerai Cossmann, 1909

Original source

Melanopsis amabilis Pallary, 1928

Original source

Pallary 1928a: 261, pl. 5, figs 19–20.

Type locality

“Mechera Kredar, sur la route de Media à Larache; Bou Hellou (secteur ouest de Taza)” [Mechera Kredar (?), at the road from Mehdya to Larache; Bou Hellou, western part of prov. Taza], Morocco.

† Melanopsis hybostoma var. amaradica Fontannes, 1887

Original source

Tristram 1865: 542.

Type locality

“Streams at Heshbon and Ammon, east of Jordan”, Jordan.

“ Melanopsis amori ” mentioned in Azpeitia Moros (1929: 40, 250), [unavailable]

Locality

“Pedroche (arroyo de), en el partido judicial de Pozoblanco (Córdoba)” [Pedroche stream, district Pozoblanco, Córdoba], Spain.

Remarks

Based on a manuscript name from Hidalgo and introduced in synonymy of M. etrusca (see Art. 11.6).

† Melanopsis amphora Oppenheim, 1890

Original source

Oppenheim 1890a: 136, pl. 5, figs 2–2b.

Type horizon

Ronca Beds, Bartonian, Eocene.

Type locality

“Lovara di Tressino, Monte Pulli, Mussolon” [Lovara, Monte Pulli (near Valdagno), Muzzolon], Italy.

Remarks

Wenz (1929: 2846) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis vicentina Oppenheim, 1890.

† Melanopsis ampla Pallary, 1920

Original source

Gassies 1861: 291, pl. 7, fig. 11.

Type locality

“Jengen, dans les ruisseaux” [in streams at Hienghène], New Caledonia.

Remarks

Introduced for M. dufourii sensu Grateloup, 1840, non Férussac, 1822. Wenz (1929: 2662) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of “Melanopsis major Férussac, 1823”, which is not an available name.

Melanopsis scalaris var. arbalensis Pérès, 1939

Original source

Pérès 1939: 144, pl. 4, figs 15, 19–20.

Type locality

“Stations 3, 4, 1 3, 29, 35, 143. Oued Tizguit; [...] Station 109. Aïn Aghbal près d’Azrou” [Stations 3, 4, 1 3, 29, 35, 143 at Oued Tizguit; station 109 at Ain Aghbal near Azrou], Morocco.

† Melanopsis arcuata Brusina, 1878

Original source

Brusina 1878: 348.

Type horizon

Cernikian, Pliocene.

Type locality

Remarks

Unavailable for two reasons: First, the original work lacks a verbal description of the taxon which is required for names published after 1930 (Art. 13.1.1). Second, the taxon was introduced after 1961 as “forma” which is deemed to be infrasubspecific after Art. 15.2.

† Melanopsis astathmeta Brusina, 1897

Original source

Brusina 1897: 8, pl. 6, figs 13–16.

Type horizon

Pallary 1939: 91, pl. 5, fig. 29.

Type locality

“D’Acharné, sur l’Oronte, entre Hama et Kalâat el Moudik” [from Acharne at the Orontes, between Hama and Qal’at al Maḑīq], Syria.

† ? Melanopsis attenuata Sowerby in Fitton, 1836

Original source

Fitton 1836: 228, 346, pl. 22, fig. 5.

Type horizon

Weald Clay, early Cretaceous.

Type locality

“Punfield”, United Kingdom.

Remarks

After Sandberger (1870: 57) this species belongs in the genus Goniobasis Lea, 1862 (Pleuroceridae).

Remarks

Plate 5 of Sandberger’s monograph was issued in 1870, while the description on p. 110 appeared in 1871 (Woodward 1906).

† Melanopsis avellana Fuchs, 1873, [invalid]

Original source

Fuchs 1873: 20, pl. 4, figs 16–17.

Type horizon

Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Sulzlacke bei Margarethen nächst Oedenburg [...]. Tinnye bei Ofen” [Sulzlacke near St. Margarethen (Burgenland, Austria); Tinnye (Hungary)].

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis avellana Sandberger, 1870. Pallary (1920b) introduced M. ampla as replacement name.

Melanopsis lorcana var. aynensis Azpeitia Moros, 1929

Original source

Azpeitia Moros 1929: 146, pl. 2, figs 33–35.

Type locality

“Del río Mundo, cerca de Ayna (Albacete)” [in Mundo river, near Ayna, prov. Albacete], Spain.

† Melanopsis baconica Oppenheim, 1892

Original source

Oppenheim 1892: 770, pl. 34, figs 10–10b.

Type horizon

Late Santonian–early Campanian, late Cretaceous.

Type locality

“Csingerthal” (locality only given in plate captions) [near Ajka], Hungary.

Remarks

Bandel and Riedel (1994: 19) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis ajkaensis Tausch, 1886.

†Melanopsis (Canthidomus) balatonensis Cossmann, 1909

Original source

Bandel 2000: 160, figs 43–44, 46–51.

Type horizon

Germain 1921: 463.

Remarks

Unjustified emendation and therefore junior objective synonym of M. belusi Bourguignat, 1884.

†Melanopsis (Calodiona) bergeroni Stefanescu, 1896

Original source

Stefanescu 1896: 131, pl. 11, figs 32–37.

Type horizon

Sienisian to Pelendavian, Pliocene.

Type locality

“À Gura-Motrului et à Bocovatz, dans la vallée de Jiu” [at Gura-Motrului and at Bucovăț, in the valley of the river Jiu], Romania.

Types

Milan et al. (1974: 87) stated that Brusina (1897) had indicated one of the specimens illustrated by him (pl. 4, fig. 15) as type. However, it is uncertain whether the specimen actually derives from the original type series. The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2975-621/1.

† Melanopsis hazayi var. bifilosa Brusina, 1903, [unresolved]

Original source

Brusina 1903: 113.

Type horizon

Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.

Type locality

“Bischofsbad” [Püspökfürdő, Băile 1 Mai, Lake Pețea], Romania.

Remarks

Brusina (1903) introduced several varieties with this name, apparently considering it only a descriptive term; the homonymy issue needs to be solved by a First Reviser. Currently, all of them are considered junior synonyms of Microcolpia parreyssii sikorai (Brusina, 1903) (Neubauer et al. 2014d: 125).

† Melanopsis sikorai var. bifilosa Brusina, 1903, [unresolved]

Original source

Brusina 1903: 112.

Type horizon

Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.

Type locality

“Bischofsbad” [Püspökfürdő, Băile 1 Mai, Lake Pețea], Romania.

Remarks

† Melanopsis themaki var. bifilosa Brusina, 1903, [unresolved]

Original source

Brusina 1903: 110.

Type horizon

Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.

Type locality

“Bischofsbad” [Püspökfürdő, Băile 1 Mai, Lake Pețea], Romania.

Schütt 1988a: 137, pl. 3, figs 18–20.

Type horizon

Plio-Pleistocene.

Type locality

“Höhere Lage am westlichen Orontes-Ufer 12 km S Ǧisr aš-Šugur” [western riverside of the Orontes, 12 km south of Jisr Ash-Shughur], Syria.

Types

Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt, coll. no. SMF 307206.

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis blanckenhorni Wenz, 1929. Heller and Sivan (2001: 131) considered the species as junior synonym of Melanopsis costata (Olivier, 1804).

† Purpuroidea blaschkei Schenk, 1969

Original source

Schenk 1969: 39, pl. 1, fig. 15.

Type horizon

Late Santonian to early Campanian, late Cretaceous.

Type locality

“Zöttbachalm bei Brandenberg, Tirol” [Zöttbachalm near Brandenberg, Tyrol], Austria.

Remarks

The species was originally attributed to the marine genus Purpuroidea Lycett, 1848 (Purpuroideidae), but considered as a junior synonym of the melanopsid Megalonoda spiniger (Sowerby in Sedgwick & Murchison, 1832) by Kollmann (1984: 58).

Melanopsis bleicheri Paladilhe, 1874

Original source

Paladilhe 1874: 403, pl. 8, figs 23–25.

Type locality

“Environs d’Oran” [surroundings of Oran], Algeria.

† Melanopsis bleunardi Porumbaru, 1881

Original source

Porumbaru 1881: 29, pl. 9, fig. 6.

Type horizon

Early Romanian, Pliocene.

Type locality

“Bucovatzu” [Bucovăț], Romania.

Remarks

Wenz (1929) erroneously gave the town of Craiova as type locality, near which Bucovăț lies.

† Hydrobia bodeica Tausch, 1886

Original source

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis boettgeri Klika, 1891. Pallary (1920b: 112) introduced M. conemenosiana var. turritella as replacement name.

†Melanopsis (Pauluccia) boettgeri Brusina, 1902, [invalid]

Original source

Brusina 1902: pl. 29, figs 5–8.

Type horizon

Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Radmanest” [Rădmănești], Romania.

Types

The syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb; no number indicated (Milan et al. 1974: 99).

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis boettgeri Klika, 1891. Pallary (1920b) introduced M. delicata as replacement name.

† Melanopsis boettgeri Halaváts, 1903, [invalid]

Original source

Types

The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2538-184/1-3 (Milan et al. 1974: 100).

Remarks

The name “bogdanovi” as mentioned in Wenz (1929: 2868) is an incorrect subsequent spelling.

“ Melanopsis bondeensis Gassies” mentioned in Paetel (1888: 399) and Pallary (1926a: 76), [unavailable]

Locality

“Bondé”, New Caledonia.

Remarks

Nomen nudum, found only in species lists by Paetel (1888) and Pallary (1926a). Perhaps confused with “Bulimus bondeensis” from the same locality, which Gassies (1871: 203) listed in the plate captions right below the Melanopsis species.

† Melanopsis bonellii Manzoni, 1870

Original source

Manzoni 1870: 498, pl. 3, figs 8–9.

Type horizon

Late Miocene to Pliocene.

Type locality

“Mte. Gibio nel Modanese ed a St. Agata nel Tortonese; [...] a Sogliano” [Mt. Gibio, Sant’Agata Fossili, Sogliano al Rubicone], Italy.

Remarks

In the old literature the name appears frequently as “M. bonellii Sismonda”. The name is not available from Sismonda (1847: 55), however, who solely referred to a misidentified name (M. carinata non Sowerby) in the unpublished museum catalogue of Bonelli (1827) but did not supply a description. It appears as a nomen nudum also in d’Orbigny (1852: 28) and Doderlein (1863: 16). Hörnes (1856: 595) mentioned the name along with two other melanopsids from Italy and gave a collective description for all of them (translated from German: “all individuals are smaller as the Viennese [M. martiniana], as well as more elongate, but they have the characteristic marginal bulge and the typical keel below the suture”). Following Art. 12.1, every name [...] must be accompanied by a description or a definition of the taxon that it denotes [...], which is not the case for the mentioning of M. bonellii in Hörnes (1856) because the description given there refers to a group of taxa and not a single taxon. Manzoni (1870) made the name available by providing an illustration (Art. 12.2.7).

The name “bonelli” as mentioned in Sacco (1889: 65) and Syrides (1998: 173) is an incorrect subsequent spelling.

Melanella letourneuxi var. bosnica Servain, 1884

Original source

Servain 1884: 379.

Type locality

“Migliaska” [Miljacka river near Sarajevo], Bosnia and Herzegovina.

† Melanopsis bouei Férussac, 1823

Original source

Férussac 1819–1851: Mélanopsides fossiles, pl. 2 (1823), figs 9–10 or Férussac 1823: 159, pl. 8, figs 9–10 (precedence not established; see introduction for discussion).

Type horizon

Pannonian, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Près de Bisentz, dans la vallée de la Marsch, en Moravie; [...] près de Scharditz” [near Bzenec, in the valley of the March river, in Moravia; near Šardice], Czech Republic.

Types

Papp (1953b) designated the specimen illustrated in Férussac (1823, pl. 8, fig. 9) as lectotype (after Art. 74.5). Whereabouts of type specimen unknown.

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis brevis Sowerby, 1826. Pallary (1916: 81) introduced M. abbreviata as replacement name, which is itself a junior homonym of M. abbreviata Brusina, 1874 (see M. doncieuxi Wenz, 1919 and M. atacica Wenz, 1928).

Melanopsis graellsii var. brevis Pallary, 1924, [invalid]

Original source

Pallary 1924: 250.

Type locality

“Navajas (Castellón), Alcudia, Alberrique, Jativa (Valencia)” [Navajas, L’Alcúdia, Alberic, Xàtiva (prov. Valencia)], Spain.

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis brevis Sowerby, 1826. Not available from Rossmässler (1854), to whom Pallary referred to, because he did not use the term “brevis” to denote a species-group taxon but only cited Férussac’s (1823) description of an unnamed variety of M. dufourii.

†Melanopsis (Melanosteira) aetolica brevisesta [sic] Papp & Thenius, 1952

Original source

Papp and Thenius 1952: 4.

Type horizon

Gelasian, early Pleistocene.

Type locality

Not stated in Papp and Thenius (1952), but specified by Papp (1955) as “Angelocastron, (Agrinion)” [Angelókastro], Greece.

Types

Museum of Palaeontology and Geology of the University of Athens; no number indicated (Papp 1955).

Remarks

Although probably unintentionally, Papp and Thenius (1952) briefly described and thus validly introduced the taxon. The spelling “brevisesta” is probably a lapsus calami for “brevitesta” (Latin for “short shell”), as used in the re-description by Papp (1955: 126, pl. 20, figs 10–14). Nevertheless, “brevisesta” is the correct name following Art. 32.5.1 and “brevitesta” is an incorrect subsequent spelling.

Remarks

Heller et al. (2005: 243) tentatively considered the species as a junior synonym of Melanopsis costata (Olivier, 1804).

† Melanopsis callosa Voltz, 1852

Original source

Voltz 1852: viii, pl. 3, fig. 10.

Type horizon

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis carinata Sowerby, 1826. Neubauer et al. (2014d: 125) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Microcolpia parreyssii sikorai (Brusina, 1903).

† Melanopsis sikorai var. carinata Kormos, 1903, [invalid]

Original source

Kormos 1903: 456, 501, pl. 13, fig. 1.

Type horizon

Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.

Type locality

“Püspökfürdő” [Băile 1 Mai, Lake Pețea], Romania.

Remarks

Obviously unaware of the fact that variety names are available in nomenclature as species-group names, Kormos (1903) stated that, if raised to species, he suggests “M. mucronifera” as name for the taxon. Both names were simultaneously published and are junior objective synonyms. Since carinata sensu Kormos is a junior homonym of Melanopsis carinata Sowerby, 1826, M. mucronifera is the valid name of the taxon.

† Melanopsis staubi var. carinata Brusina, 1903, [invalid]

Original source

Brusina 1903: 115.

Type horizon

Original source

Linnaeus 1767: 1220.

Type locality

“In Aqaeductu ad Sevillam” [in an aqueduct near Sevilla], Spain.

Remarks

Today combined as Melanopsis cariosa, the species is one of the few stable taxa in melanopsid taxonomy (e.g., Glaubrecht 1996).

† Melanoptychia carusi Brusina, 1902

Original source

Brusina 1902: pl. 30, figs 6–7.

Type horizon

Remarks

Given as “capula” on p. 580, but as “cepula” in the plate captions. Guppy (1867) acted as First Reviser and fixed the correct original spelling as “cepula” (Art. 24.2.3, 32.2.1). Guppy (1867) did not consider the species a melanopsid anymore and introduced the new genus Crepitacella (Rissoinidae) with M. cepula as type species.

† Melanopsis cerithiformis Watelet, 1851

Original source

Melanopsis cesari Pallary, 1920

Original source

Pallary 1920a: 30.

Type locality

“Beni Abbès” [prov. Béchar], Algeria.

† Melanopsis clavigera f. cesticillus Brusina, 1897

Original source

Brusina 1897: 7, pl. 5, fig. 20.

Type horizon

Remarks

Pallary (1912: 14) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis saharica Bourguignat, 1864.

† Melanopsis choctavensis Aldrich, 1886

Original source

Aldrich 1886: 35, pl. 3, fig. 8.

Type horizon

Early Eocene.

Type locality

“Hatchetigbee, Butler, Choctaw County, Alabama”, United States.

Types

Palmer and Brann (1966: 546) stated the the figured syntype was missing. A remaining syntype is stored in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, coll. no. 638787.

Remarks

Classified within the marine genus Bulliopsis Conrad, 1862 (Nassariidae) by Harris (1899: 58) and Allmon (1990: 53).

† Melanopsis cikosi Brusina, 1902

Merian 1849: 31.

Type horizon

Burdigalian, early Miocene.

Type locality

“Nahe am Gipfel des Plateaus des Randens” [near the top of the plateau of Mt. Randen], Switzerland.

† Melanopsis clava Sandberger, 1872

Original source

Remarks

Probably not a Melanopsidae.

†Melanopsis (Martinia) martiniana var. coaequata Handmann, 1887

Original source

Types

Remarks

Introduced for “M. cf. visianiana” in Neumayr and Paul, 1875, non Brusina, 1874.

Melanopsis guiraoi var. communis Pallary, 1924

Original source

Pallary 1924: 251, pl. 25, fig. 20.

Type locality

“Dans les cours d’eau de la province de Murcie” [in rivers of the province Murcia], Spain.

† Melanopsis neumayri var. compacta Fontannes, 1880, [invalid]

Original source

Fontannes 1879–1882: 174.

Type horizon

Mammal zone MN 11, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Les marnes à Potamides Basteroti de Visan (Vaucluse)” [in the marls with P. basteroti in Visan, Dép. Vaucluse], France.

Remarks

Wenz (1929: 2793) considered the variety as a junior synonym M. neumayri Tournouër, 1874.

Melanopsis compacta Pallary, 1920, [invalid]

Original source

Pallary 1920a: 31.

Type locality

“Aït Taleb sur le Sefrou près d’el Menzel, avant l’oued Sebou” [Douar Ait Taleb at Sefrou near El Menzel, before the Sebou river], Morocco.

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis compacta Fontannes, 1880.

Bourguignat 1884: 142.

Type locality

“Lac de Tibériade” [Sea of Galilee], Israel.

† Melanopsis conoidea Pană, 2003

Original source

Pană 2003: 319, pl. 9, figs 6–13.

Type horizon

†Melanopsis (Martinia) vindobonensis var. contigua Handmann, 1887

Original source

Handmann 1887: 29, pl. 6, figs 11–12.

Type horizon

Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Leobersdorf”, Austria.

† Melanopsis hazayi var. contracta Brusina, 1903, [invalid]

Original source

Brusina 1903: 112.

Type horizon

Melanopsis tricarinata coronata Ahuir Galindo, 2015, [invalid]

Original source

Ahuir Galindo 2015: 22, unnumbered figure.

Type locality

“In brooks and ‘gorgos’ from Anna, Valencia”, Spain.

Types

Museo Malacologico di Cupra Marittima, Italy; no number indicated.

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis coronata Brusina, 1878.

Melanopsis obediensis var. coroniformis Picard, 1934

Original source

Picard 1934: 121, pl. 7, figs 45–52.

Type locality

“Jarmukmündung” [Yarmouk river mouth], Jordan/Israel.

† Melanopsis bergeroni var. costata Botez, 1914, [invalid]

Original source

Botez 1914: 240.

Type horizon

Junior secondary homonym of Melanopsis costata (Olivier, 1804). Considered as a junior synonym of Melanopsis lyrata Neumayr, 1869 by Neubauer et al. (2011: 207).

“ Mellanella hollandri [sic] var. costala [sic] Kucik” mentioned in Brusina (1867: 85), [unavailable]

Locality

“U Savi i u potoku kod Susjeda, u Žirovcu, u Maksimiru kod Zagreba, u potoku Toplici kod Oroslavja i u Kutinji blizu Jastrebarskoga” [in the river Sava and a creek at Podsused in Zagreb, in Žirovac, in Maksimir at Zagreb, in the river Toplica at Oroslavje and in Kutinja (?) near Jastrebarsko], Croatia.

Remarks

Nomen nudum, based on an “in schedis” name from the collection of Kucik (also read as “Kutschig”). The name was probably a typesetting mistake for “costata”.

†Melanopsis (Canthidomus) costatiformis Papp, 1953

Original source

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis costellata Férussac, 1823. Pallary (1916: 83) introduced M. douvillei as replacement name.

† Pseudofagotia costifera Anistratenko, 1993

Original source

Anistratenko 1993: 74, textfig. 2.

Type horizon

Duab Beds, middle to late Kimmerian, Pliocene.

Type locality

“Окр. с. Мокви, Очамчирский р-н” [near the village Mok’vi, Ochamchirskiy rayon], Georgia.

Types

Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev; no number indicated.

Melania holandri var. costulata Schmidt, 1847

Original source

Schmidt 1847: 25.

Type locality

“Aus einem Mühlbache bei Klinze ob Schischka” [from a mill creek at Glinica near Šiška], Slovenia.

† Melanopsis inconstans var. costulata Brusina, 1874, [invalid]

Original source

Brusina 1874: 39.

Type horizon

Bourguignat 1884: 94.

Type locality

“Dans les eaux chaudes du Djerid, au nord du chott Tiraoun, dans le sud de la Tunisie” [in the warm water of Djérid, north of chott Tiraoun], Tunisia.

Type horizon

Langhian, middle Miocene.

Type locality

“Vatelj” [Fatelj hill], Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Types

Milan et al. (1974: 89) stated that only one of the specimens illustrated by Brusina (1902: pl. 29, figs 19–20) has been preserved, which they designated as lectotype. The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2900-546/1.

† Melanopsis lyrata var. cylindracea Brusina, 1874

Original source

[Prevost] 1821: 137.

Type locality

“Auprès de Baden, en Autriche, dans un bassin d’eau thermale sulfureuse” [near Baden, Austria, in a sulphurous thermal water basin], Austria.

Remarks

There is considerable uncertainty about the correct authority and spelling of this species in the literature. It was first mentioned and validly described in the year 1821 as “Melanopsis Daudebartii” in an article in the Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société philomatique de Paris. Constant Prevost was often considered to be the author of this article, but from the title and text it is obvious that the article is an “Extrait” of a talk given by Prevost earlier and summarized by an anonymous author. According to Art. 50.2 and Recommendation 51D, the correct citation should be M. daudebartii [Prevost], 1821. The names “daudebarti”, “audebarti” or “audebardi”, each occurring multiple times in the literature, are incorrect subsequent spellings. Currently, the species is classified within the genus Microcolpia (see also Neubauer et al. 2014d: 126).

† Melanopsis dautzenbergi Pallary, 1901

Original source

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis debilis Pallary, 1920.

† Melanopsis decipiens P. Fischer, 1883

Original source

Fischer 1883: 60, pl. 3, fig. 3.

†Melanopsis (Lyrcea) delessei Tournouër, 1875

Original source

Annandale and Prashad 1919: 37, pl. 3, fig. 8.

Type locality

“Kaindak (long. 60°48'E., lat. 29°48'N.), Persian Baluchistan”, Iran.

Types

Indian Museum, Calcutta, coll. no. 11535/2.

Melanopsis desertorum Bourguignat, 1884

Original source

Bourguignat 1884: 134.

Type locality

“Ruisseaux entre Tarsous et Mersina (Anatolie)” [streams between Tarsus and Mersin], Turkey.

Remarks

Heller et al. (1999: 56) considered the species as a junior synonym of Melanopsis buccinoidea (Olivier, 1801). In Heller et al. (2005: 248) in turn it is treated as a junior synonym of Melanopsis saulcyi Bourguignat, 1853.

Melanopsis deshayesiana Gassies, 1861

Original source

Gassies 1861: 292, pl. 7, fig. 12.

Type locality

“La Nouvelle-Calédonie, dans l’intérieur” [inland of New Caledonia], New Caledonia.

† Melanopsis esperi var. desori De Stefani, 1877

Original source

De Stefani 1877: 310, pl. 18, fig. 9.

Type horizon

Villafranchian, Plio-Pleistocene.

Type locality

“Spoleto”, Italy.

“ Melanella hollandri [sic] var. detrita Kucik” mentioned in Brusina (1867: 85), [unavailable]

Locality

“U Savi kod Zagreba” [from the Sava river at Zagreb], Croatia.

Remarks

Nomen nudum, based on an “in schedis” name in the collection of Kucik (also read as “Kutschig”). Brot (1874: 11) listed it in synonymy of Melania holandri [sic].

Melanopsis diabetensis Pallary, 1915

Original source

Pallary 1915: 28.

Type locality

“Dans la source du jardin du Sultan, à Diabet, près Mogador” [in the springs in the garden of the Sultan at Douar Dyabat, near Essaouira], Morocco.

Melanopsis sesteri var. diadema Bourguignat, 1884

Original source

Bourguignat 1884: 119.

Type locality

“Petit cours d’eau à Sadjour-Sou, entre Aïn-Taïb et Alep [...]; Aïn-el-Bass, dans la plaine du Bahr-el-Houlé (Syrie)” [small brook at Sadjour-Sou between Gaziantep (Turkey) and Aleppo (Syria) [...]; Aïn el Bass, in the plains of the Hula valley (Israel)].

† Melanopsis dianaeformis Andrusov, 1909

Original source

Andrusov 1909: 84, 159, pl. 4, figs 21–27.

Type horizon

Pontian (sensu stricto), late Miocene.

Type locality

“Babadjan, Sundi, Meissary und Chilaalidasch” [Babadzhan, Syundi, Meysary canyon, Mount Chila-alidasch], Azerbaijan.

† Melanopsis dichtli Handmann, 1882

Original source

Remarks

The name “dircaena” as mentioned in Heller et al. (2005: 238) is an incorrect subsequent spelling.

† Melanopsis dispar Deshayes, 1862

Original source

Deshayes 1861–1864: 473, pl. 31, figs 29–30.

Type horizon

Lutetian, Eocene.

Type locality

“Brasles”, France.

Remarks

Cossmann (1888: 279) and Wenz (1929: 2639) classified the species in the genus Faunus Montfort, 1810 (Pachychilidae).

† Melanopsis dissimilis Pallary, 1916

Original source

Types

Magyar Állami Földtani Intézet (Hungarian Geological Museum), Budapest; no number indicated.

Remarks

Neubauer et al. (2016a) attributed the species to the genus Microcolpia.

† Melanopsis matheroni var. doderleini Pantanelli, 1886

Original source

Pantanelli 1886a: 69 or 1886b: 78, pl. 3, figs 5, 8 (precedence not established).

Type horizon

Tortonian–early Messinian, late Miocene.

Type locality

“S. Valentino, S. Agata, Boggione” [San Valentino, Sant’Agata Fossili, Boggione near Siena], Italy.

Remarks

Harzhauser et al. (2015: 9) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis narzolina d’Archiac in Viquesnel, 1846.

Pallary 1916: 80.

Type horizon

Lutetian, Eocene.

Type locality

“Au Nord d’Albas” (Doncieux 1908: 204), France.

Remarks

Replacement name for M. nodosa Doncieux, 1908, non Férussac, 1822.

†Melanopsis (Stylospirula) doncieuxi Wenz, 1919, [invalid]

Original source

Melanopsis doumeti Letourneux & Bourguignat, 1887

Original source

Letourneux and Bourguignat 1887: 157.

Type locality

“De Gafsa; [...] de Tozer et de Nefta” [from Gafsa; in Tozeur and Nafta], Tunisia.

Melanopsis douttei Pallary, 1911

Original source

Pallary 1911: 133, [unnumbered plate], figs 21–22.

Type locality

“Fez” [Fes], Morocco.

Remarks

Given as “doutte” on p. 133, but as “douttei” in plate caption. Since Pallary explicitly named the species after E. Doutté, the name must read “douttei” (Art. 32.5.1).

† Melanopsis douvillei Pallary, 1916

Original source

Pallary 1916: 83.

Type horizon

Maastrichtian, Cretaceous.

Type locality

“Du versant oriental du Kouh Mapeul” (Douvillé 1904: captions of pl. 46) [eastern slope of mount Kuh-e Mapel, c. 60 km WNW of Khorramābād], Iran.

Remarks

Replacement name for M. costellata Douvillé, 1904, non Férussac, 1823.

† Melanopsis draghiceniani Cobălcescu, 1883

Original source

† Melanopsis dufresnii Deshayes, 1825

Original source

Issel 1866: 33.

Type locality

“Nella Maremma Toscana in un fiumicello d’acqua calda detto Caldana di Ravi, presso Campiglia” [in the Tuscan Maremma, in a stream of warm water called Caldana di Ravi, at Campiglia Marittima], Italy.

Melanopsis graellsii var. elatior Pallary, 1924

Original source

Pallary 1924: 250.

Type locality

“Gandia (Valencia)”, Spain.

Remarks

Not available from Rossmässler (1854), to whom Pallary referred, because Rossmässler did not use the term “elatior” to denote a species-group taxon but only cited Férussac’s (1823) description of an unnamed variety of M. dufourii. Pallary briefly described the taxon (by indicating its size) and therefore made the name available.

Melanopsis elegans Gassies, 1869

Original source

Gassies 1869: 76.

Type locality

“Noumea”, New Caledonia.

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis buccinoidea elongata Férussac, 1822. Wenz (1929: 2785) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of M. narzolina d’Archiac in Viquesnel, 1846.

† Melanopsis bouei var. elongata Handmann, 1882, [invalid]

Original source

Handmann 1882: 557.

Type horizon

Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis buccinoidea elongata Férussac, 1822. Not included in the Fossilium Catalogus by Wenz (1929).

“Ras el ‘Ain du Khabour” [Chabur river near Ra’s al ‘Ayn], Syria.

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis buccinoidea elongata Férussac, 1822. Heller et al. (2005: 239) tentatively considered the variety as a junior synonym of Melanopsis khabourensis Pallary, 1939.

“Sinj (Župića potok)”, Croatia.

Types

The syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb; no number indicated (Milan et al. 1974: 91).

Remarks

Wenz (1929: 2734) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis geniculata Brusina, 1874, while Neubauer et al. (2016b: 23) treated it as a distinct species. The name “enodota” as mentioned in Wenz (1929: 2734) is an incorrect subsequent spelling.

“ Melania enodes Ziegler” mentioned in Reeve (1860), [unavailable]

Locality

Not indicated.

Remarks

Perhaps a manuscript or “in schedis” name from Ziegler. Reeve (1860) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Melania hollandrii [sic].

† Melanopsis entzi Brusina, 1902

Original source

Brusina 1902: pl. 6, figs 34–37.

Type horizon

Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Tihany; Kenese” [Tihany; Balatonkenese], Hungary.

Types

Milan et al. (1974: 90) defined a “lectosyntypus”, a term not accepted by the Code, based on the specimen from Tihany illustrated by Brusina (1902: pl. 6, figs 34–36). This fixation is insufficient for a valid lectotype designation (Art. 74). The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2515-161/1-2.

Remarks

Bartha (1955: 294) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis fuchsi Handmann, 1882.

† Melanopsis eocenica Pallary, 1916

Original source

Pallary 1916: 79.

Type horizon

Remarks

Heller et al. (2005: 236) considered the species as a junior synonym of Melanopsis ammonis Tristram, 1865.

Melanopsis laevigata var. erosa Roth, 1839

Original source

Roth 1839: 24.

Type locality

“In Peloponneso”, Greece.

Melanopsis esperi Férussac, 1823

Type horizon

Type horizon

Plio-Pleistocene.

Type locality

“Coo: frequente nella zona centrale fossilifera” [Kos island: common in the central fossiliferous zone], Greece.

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis magnifica expansa Pallary, 1920 (see Note 1).

†Melanopsis (Martinia) martiniana var. extensa Handmann, 1887

Original source

Handmann 1887: 26, pl. 5, figs 3–4.

Type horizon

Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Leobersdorf”, Austria.

Remarks

Wenz (1929: 2720) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis fossilis (Gmelin, 1791).

† Melanopsis faberi Brusina, 1884

Original source

Remarks

Introduced for the record of M. acicularis sensu Capellini, 1873, non Férussac, 1823.

Melanopsis fasciata Gassies, 1874

Original source

Gassies 1874: 381.

Type locality

“Nékété” [Nakéty], New Caledonia.

Remarks

Brot (1879: 444) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857.

† Melanopsis fasciata Handmann, 1882, [invalid]

Original source

Handmann 1882: 559.

Type horizon

Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis fasciata Gassies, 1874. Pallary (1916: 86) introduced M. vittata as replacement name. The taxon was considered as a junior synonym of M. haueri by Wenz (1929: 2741).

Melanopsis doriae var. fasciata Biggs, 1937, [invalid]

Original source

Biggs 1937: 248.

Type locality

“From a ‘qanat’ [= typical Iranian channel] at Jelalabad, near Kerman”, Iran.

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis fasciata Gassies, 1874.

“ Melania fasciata ” mentioned in Brusina (1866: 106) and Brusina (1867: 86), [unavailable]

Locality

“Cetina”, Croatia.

Remarks

Nomen nudum, “in schedis” name in collection of Kucik (also read as “Kutschig”), occasionally listed with authority “Stentz”. If available, the name would be junior homonym of Melania fasciata Sowerby, 1818 described from the Paleogene of the United Kingdom.

Melanopsis maroccana var. fasciolata Bourguignat, 1864

Original source

Bourguignat 1864: 260.

Type locality

“Ruisseau de Ngouca” [N’Goussa], Algeria.

Melanopsis fasensis Pallary, 1920

Original source

Pallary 1920a: 32.

Type locality

“Taforalt. Aïn Sfa. Fès (Ras el Mâ). [...] Dar Batha, jardin public de bou Djeloud, séguias de dar el Maghzen, séguias en dehors de bab sidi bou Jida” [Taforhalt; Aïn Sfa; Fes; Ras el Ma; Dar Batha, park of Bou Jeloud, irrigation channels of Dar El Makhzen, irrigation channels outside Bab Sidi Boujida (all latter localities are within Fes)], Morocco.

Melanopsis faseolaria Brot, 1868

Original source

Brot 1868: 58, pl. 2, fig. 10.

Type locality

“Persepolis”, Iran.

Remarks

Brot attributed the authority to Parreyss, based on an “in schedis” determination by that author. However, from the following text it becomes clear that Brot is the author of the species.

† Melanopsis fateljensis Neubauer, Mandic & Harzhauser, 2014

Original source

Neubauer et al. 2014b: 52, figs 2–11.

Type horizon

Langhian, middle Miocene.

Type locality

“NW slope of Fatelj hill near Kupres”, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Types

Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria, coll. no. 2011/0138/0107a.

Remarks

Introduced for formerly misidentified Melanopsis mojsisovicsi Neumayr, 1880 in Neubauer et al. (2013: 137, figs 5E–F, I–K).

Melanopsis feliciani Bourguignat, 1884

Original source

Bourguignat 1884: 145.

Type locality

“Dans le Jourdain, non loin de son embouchure dans la Mer Morte” [in the Jordan river, near its mouth at the Dead Sea], Palestine/Jordan.

Melanopsis ferussaci Roth, 1839

Original source

Roth 1839: 24, pl. 2, fig. 10.

Type locality

“Smyrna” [Izmir], Turkey.

Remarks

Heller et al. (2005: 232) considered the species as a junior synonym of Melanopsis buccinoidea (Olivier, 1801).

De Stefani 1877: 306, pl. 18, fig. 7.

Type horizon

Villafranchian, Plio-Pleistocene.

Type locality

“Monte Albuccio, [...] Valli della Pescaia, e del Riluogo [...] presso Siena; Castellacela presso Massa Marittima [...]; Colline di Piedimonte presso Terni nell’Umbria [...], tra S. Gemine e Carsoli sulla strada di Narni, e fra Otricoli e le Vigne sulla strada da Roma a Foligno?” [Monte Albuccio, Valli della Pescaia, Riluogo near Siena, Castellacela near Massa Marittima, Piedimonte hills near Terni in Umbria, between San Gemini and Carsoli on the road to Narni, and between Otricoli and Le Vigne], Italy.

Remarks

Wenz (1929: 2663) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of “M. antiqua Férussac”, which is not an available name.

“ Melania holandri var. flava Zelebor” mentioned in Brot (1874–1879: 12), [unavailable]

Locality

Not indicated.

Remarks

Nomen nudum, “in schedis” name from Zelebor listed in synonymy of “Melania holandri” [sic] by Brot (1874). If available, it would be junior homonym of Melania flava Deshayes in Deshayes & Jullien, 1876 described from Cambodia.

Melanopsis foleyi Pallary, 1920

Original source

Pallary 1920a: 29.

Type locality

“Aïn Mélias, près de Figuig” [Ain Melias near Figuig], Algeria.

† Melanopsis foliacea Gümbel, 1861

Original source

Gümbel 1861: 753.

Type horizon

Chattian, Oligocene.

Type locality

“Wester-Buchberg, Loherflötz, Aubach, Rohmbach, Sulzgrabenflötz, Schlierachthal, Neumühle, bei Rimselrain, Pensberg, im Höllgraben, im Buchbergflötz, bei Schmerold, am hohen Peissenberge” [all localities near Miesbach, southern Bavaria], Germany.

†Melanopsis (Canthidomus) fontanensis Villatte in Tambareau & Villatte, 1966

Original source

Tambareau and Villatte 1966: 512, pl. 1, figs 4–18.

Tournouër 1879: 261.

Type horizon

Cernikian, Pliocene.

Type locality

“Nisipulu, Rumaniae” [Nisip], Romania.

Remarks

Considered to belong in the genus Amphimelania by Cossmann (1909: 126) and Wenz (1929: 2873).

† Buccinum fossile Gmelin, 1791

Original source

Gmelin 1971: 3485.

Type horizon

Sarmatian (sensu stricto), middle Miocene.

Type locality

“Zwischen Oedinburg and Ruß” (Martini 1777: 204) [between Sopron (Hungary) and Rust (Austria)], Hungary/Austria.

Types

Papp (1953b: 133) designated the specimen illustrated by Martini (1777: pl. 94, figs 913) as lectotype (see also Art. 74.5). Since Gmelin explicitly referred to Martini’s work when describing the species, this designation is valid.

Remarks

The taxon in question was first mentioned in the Catalogus by Walch (1768: 121, pl. C. II.*, figs 1–5), yet without name. Martini (1777: 203, pl. 94, figs 912–914) described and illustrated the species as “Pyrum fossile monstrosum f. amorphon” and referred to Walch’s work. Species-group names introduced in volumes 1–11 of Martini and Chemnitz’ Neues Systematischer Conchylien Cabinet (1769–1795) are, however, unavailable according to Opinion 184 (ICZN 1944). Gmelin (1791: 3485) referred to Martini’s work, described the species and was the first to assign an available name to the taxon: Buccinum fossile.

Férussac (1823), who was the first to combine the species with Melanopsis, listed the records by Walch, Martini and Gmelin but apparently did not consider “fossile” a valid name and introduced “Melanopsis martiniana” as new name. That name is permanently invalid as it is an objective synonym (see also Pallary 1916: 81).

The last summary of the status of M. fossilis was provided by Fischer (1996a), but his conclusions were unfortunately based on misinterpretations and nomenclatural errors. He was unaware of the fact that “Melanopsis martiniana” is an objective synonym of M. fossilis. Moreover, he considered the outcrops near Siegendorf as “locus typicus restrictus”, a term not existing in nomenclature.

Melanopsis foucauldiana Pallary, 1920

Original source

Pallary 1920a: 30.

Type locality

“Ouggarta, à 60 kil. au sud de Beni Abbès, Sahara occidental” [Ougarta, prov. Béchar], Algeria.

Melanopsis foureaui Pallary, 1920

Original source

Pallary 1920a: 29.

Type locality

“Tabebala, dans le Sahara occidental” [Tabebala (?), in the western Sahara], Algeria.

Melanopsis fragilis Gassies, 1874

Original source

Gassies 1874: 382.

Type locality

“Ouagap” [Wagap], New Caledonia.

“[Ad Sanctam-Mariam de Balade]” [Balade], New Caledonia.

† Melanopsis fuchsi Handmann, 1882

Original source

Handmann 1882: 556.

Type horizon

Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.

Remarks

Wenz (1929: 2813) synonymized the species with M. pygmaea Hörnes, 1856. Jekelius (1944: 75) invalidly synonymized it with M. handmanni, which is the objective junior synonym of M. fuchsi Handmann, 1882.

† Melanopsis fuchsi Brusina, 1884, [invalid]

Original source

Brusina 1884a: 168.

Type horizon

Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Radmanest” (Fuchs 1870: 353) [Rădmănești], Romania.

Types

The syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb; no number indicated (Milan et al. 1974: 91).

Remarks

Introduced for M. costata sensu Fuchs, 1870, non Olivier, 1804. Junior homonym of Melanopsis fuchsi Handmann, 1882 (see M. confusa Strausz, 1941, M. handmanni Brusina, 1892 and M. hungarica Pallary, 1916, as well as Neubauer et al. 2014a: 461 for details).

† Amphimelania fuchsi Wenz, 1928

Original source

Wenz 1928a: 119.

Type horizon

Late Pliocene to early Pleistocene.

Type locality

“Kalamaki” [near Corinth], Greece.

Remarks

Replacement name for Paludina (Vivipara) ornata Fuchs, 1877, non Vivipara ornata Neumayr, 1875, which was considered a Melanopsidae by Wenz (1928a).

Melanopsis fulgurans Gassies, 1858

Original source

Gassies 1858: 371.

Type locality

“Des petits cours d’eau à Balade; [...] à l’île des Pins” [in small streams near Balade; L’Île des Pins], New Caledonia.

Remarks

Brot (1879: 444) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857.

“ Melanopsis fulminans Born.” mentioned in De Cristofori & Jan (1832: Conchylia terrestria et fluviatilia, p. 7), [unavailable]

Locality

“Austr.” [Australia].

Remarks

Nomen nudum, found only in the species list of De Cristofori and Jan (1832).

Melanopsis fulminata Brot, 1879

Original source

Brot 1874–1879: 458, pl. 49, fig. 10.

Type locality

“Ouagap” [Wagap], New Caledonia.

† Melanopsis costata var. funiculata P. Fischer in Gaudry, 1867

Original source

Gaudry 1862–1867: 446, pl. 62, figs 13–15.

Type horizon

Pliocene.

“Isle of Wight; [...] New Charlton; [...] Woolwich; [...] New Cross near Deptford; [...] Hordwell”, United Kingdom.

† Melanopsis buccinoidea var. fusiformis Grateloup, 1838, [invalid]

Original source

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis fusiformis Sowerby, 1822. Pallary (1916: 82) introduced M. angusta as replacement name. Wenz (1929: 2742) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of M. haueri Handmann, 1882.

†Melanopsis (Canthidomus) proteus var. fusiformis Magrograssi, 1928, [invalid]

Original source

Remarks

First mentioned in an unpublished thesis (Vergnau-Saubade 1966).

† Melania gaji Brusina, 1878

Original source

Brusina 1878: 347.

Type horizon

Remarks

Munier-Chalmas (1884) indicated the authority with “Mun. Ch., 1870”, which is probably due to the fact that issues 1–3 of vol. 1 of Annales de Malacologie, in which the original publication appeared, were published in 1870 (issue 4, however, in 1884).

Melanopsis gassiesiana Crosse, 1867

Original source

Crosse 1867: 435, pl. 12, fig. 7.

Type locality

“Wagap”, New Caledonia.

† Melanopsis gearyae Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014

Original source

Neubauer et al. 2014a: 456.

Type horizon

Early Pleistocene (?).

Type locality

“Weganrisse und Regenrisse 3 Km N Antirrion in Akarnanien” (Symeonidis et al. 1986: 342) [sections 3 km N of Antirrio, Aetolia-Acarnania], Greece.

Types

Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt; no number indicated.

Remarks

Replacement name for M. posterior Schütt, 1986, non Papp, 1953.

† Melanopsis geniculata Brusina, 1874

Original source

Types

Geological-Paleontological Institute, University of Kiel, Germany; no number indicated.

† Melanopsis gibbosula Grateloup, 1838

Original source

Types

Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, coll. no. M-327.

† Melanopsis costata var. glabra Brusina, 1874

Original source

Brusina 1874: 41, pl. 7, fig. 9.

Type horizon

Cernikian, Pliocene.

Type locality

“Sibinj; Farkašić; Dubranjec”, Croatia.

Types

Milan et al. (1974: 89) stated that the single specimen of this taxon was lost.

†Melanopsis (Melanoptychia) glabra Pavlović, 1927, [invalid]

Original source

Pavlović 1927: 60, pl. 6, figs 18–19.

Type horizon

Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.

Type locality

“У Карагачу” [from Karagača near Vrčin], Serbia.

Types

The illustrated syntype is stored in the Natural History Museum, Belgrade, coll. no. 209 (Milošević 1962: 23).

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis glabra Brusina, 1874. Neubauer et al. (2014a: 457) introduced M. vrcinensis as replacement name.

† “ Melanopsis glabra ” mentioned in Bogachev (1938: 13, 33, 53), [unavailable]

Horizon

Miocene.

Locality

“Tori bei Borshomi” [Tori near Borjomi], Georgia.

Remarks

The name was only mentioned in a species list by Bogachev without description or illustration. Moreover, he applied multiple original spellings: the name is given as “glabra” on p. 53, but “glarba” on p. 13, 33.

† Melanoptychia lyrata glabra Olujić, 1999, [invalid]

Original source

Olujić 1999: 20, 48, pl. 1, fig. 1.

Type horizon

Langhian, middle Miocene.

Type locality

Remarks

Junior secondary homonym of Melanopsis glabra Brusina, 1874. Neubauer et al. (2011: 207) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis lyrata Neumayr, 1869.

Melanopsis parreyssii var. glabrata Clessin, 1890

Original source

Clessin 1887–1890: 690, fig. 475.

Type locality

“Ungarn ([...] ohne nähere Fundortangabe)” [Hungary, without indication of a locality], Hungary.

Remarks

Neubauer et al. (2014d: 125) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Microcolpia parreyssii (Philippi, 1847).

† Melanopsis glandicula Sandberger, 1872

Original source

Sandberger 1870–1875: pl. 26, figs 3–3b.

Type horizon

Mammal zone MN 5, early–middle Miocene.

Original source

Seninski 1905: 59, pl. 1, fig. 16.

Type horizon

Duab Beds, middle to late Kimmerian, Pliocene.

Type locality

“Моквинскіе пласты, разрѣзъ р. Дуабъ” [Mokvi layers at Duab river], Georgia.

† Melanopsis gradata Rolle, 1858

Original source

Rolle 1858: 28, pl. 2, fig. 13.

Type horizon

Paleocene.

Type locality

“Herrmanns-Stollen im Lubellina-Graben, Gemeinde Ober-Skallis, nordöstlich von Schönstein” [Hermanns adit in the Lubellina ditch in Škale, northeast of Šoštanj], Slovenia.

Remarks

After Wenz (1929: 2505) this species belongs in the genus Pyrgulifera Meek, 1877 (Pleuroceridae), but Yen (1958: 194) doubted this classification.

† Melanopsis gradata Fuchs, 1870, [invalid]

Original source

Melanopsis chehirensis var. granifera Pallary, 1939

Original source

Pallary 1939: 95.

† Melanopsis groyei Pallary, 1916

Original source

Pallary 1916: 78.

Type horizon

Sparnacian, early Ypresian, Eocene.

Type locality

“Entre St.-Germini et Carsoli” (Férussac 1823: 164) [between San Gemini and Carsoli], Italy.

Remarks

Introduced for a part of the material of Melanopsis buccinoidea sensu Férussac, 1823 (pl. 8, fig. 3).

† Melanopsis guernei Brusina, 1902

Original source

Brusina 1902: pl. 5, fig. 60.

Type horizon

Remarks

Bourguignat (1884) listed the name as “Hagenmulleria” on p. 51 but as “Hagenmülleriana” on p. 57. To my knowledge no later author has acted as First Reviser sensu Art. 24.2.3 and has mentioned both names and selected one as correct. Starobogatov et al. (1992: 65) considered the species as a junior synonym of Microcolpia cornea (Pfeiffer, 1828).

† Melanopsis entzi var. halavatsi Pavlovic, 1927

Original source

Pavlović 1927: 68.

Type horizon

Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Карагача” [Karagača near Vrčin], Serbia.

Remarks

From the writing in the original work it seems that Pavlović had apparently doubts about the validity of the taxon.

Melanopsis hammamensis Gassies, 1856

Original source

Gassies 1856: 11, figs 9–10.

Type locality

“L’Oued-el-Hammam [entre le Sig et Mascara]” [Oued el Hammam between Sig and Mascara], Algeria.

† Melanopsis handmanni Brusina, 1892, [invalid]

Original source

Brusina 1892: 140.

Type horizon

Early–middle Pannonian, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Kotingbrunn; [...] Leobersdorf”, Austria.

Types

The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2513-159/1-4 (Milan et al. 1974: 92).

Remarks

Introduced as replacement name for the senior (!) homonym M. fuchsi Handmann, 1882, non Brusina, 1884. Wenz (1929: 2813–2814) synonymized M. handmanni as well as M. fuchsi Handmann, 1882 with M. pygmaea.

† Melanopsis handmanniana W. Fischer, 1996

Original source

Fischer 1996a: 27, figs 3, 5–10.

Type horizon

Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.

Type locality

Remarks

Wenz (1929: 2570) classified the species within the genus Coptostylus Sandberger, 1872 (Thiaridae).

† Melanopsis hazayi Brusina, 1903

Original source

Brusina 1903: 112.

Type horizon

Late Pleistocene–Holocene.

Type locality

“Bischofsbad” [Püspökfürdő, Băile 1 Mai, Lake Pețea], Romania.

Remarks

Neubauer et al. (2014d: 125) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Microcolpia parreyssii sikorai (Brusina, 1903).

† Melania heberti Hantken, 1878

Original source

Remarks

Considered to belong in the genus Amphimelania by Wenz (1929: 2874).

† Melanopsis hemimorpha Blanckenhorn, 1897

Original source

Blanckenhorn 1897: 138, pl. 10, fig. 26.

Type horizon

Plio-Pleistocene.

Type locality

“Dschisr esch-Schurr, Dreissensiaschicht” [Jisr Ash-Shughur, Dreissena layer], Syria.

† Melanopsis hennersdorfensis W. Fischer, 1993

Original source

Fischer 1993: 180, figs 1, 3.

Type horizon

† Melanopsis hoernesi Sandberger, 1872

Original source

Sandberger 1870–1875: pl. 25, figs 32–32a.

Type horizon

Burdigalian, early Miocene.

Type locality

“St. Paul, Mandillot (Landes)”, France.

Remarks

Plate 25 of Sandberger’s monograph was issued in 1872, while the description on p. 512 appeared in 1875 (Woodward 1906). Introduced for M. buccinoides [sic] sensu Grateloup, 1840, non Olivier, 1801, for which d’Orbigny (1852) had already introduced M. subbuccinoides as replacement name. Hence, M. hoernesi is a junior objective synonym of M. subbuccinoides. Sandberger attributed the authority to Mayer, apparently based on an “in schedis” determination.

Melanopsis costata var. hoernesi Blanckenhorn, 1897, [invalid]

Original source

Types

Milan et al. (1974: 92) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand (holotype by monotypy, Art. 73.1.2). The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2985-631.

Melanopsis huidobroi Azpeitia Moros, 1929

Original source

Azpeitia Moros 1929: 326, pl. 12, fig. 280.

Type locality

“Guadalquivir en Lora del Río, Sevilla” [in the Guadalquivir river at Lora del Río, prov. Sevilla], Spain.

Melanopsis humilis Pallary, 1928

Original source

Pallary 1928a: 255, pl. 4, figs 14–15.

Type locality

“Fès et Meknès”, Morocco.

† Melanopsis hungarica Kormos, 1904

Original source

Kormos 1904: 107, fig. 2.

Type horizon

Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.

Type locality

“Püspökfürdő” [Băile 1 Mai, Lake Pețea], Romania.

Remarks

Neubauer et al. (2014d: 125) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Microcolpia parreyssii (Philippi, 1847).

† Melanopsis hungarica Pallary, 1916, [invalid]

Original source

Pallary 1916: 83.

Type horizon

† Melanopsis incerta Fuchs, 1877, [invalid]

Original source

Fuchs 1877: 14, pl. 2, figs 13–21.

Type horizon

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis inermis Handmann, 1882. Neubauer et al. (2014a) introduced M. magyari as replacement name.

† Boistelia inermis Jekelius, 1944, [invalid]

Original source

Sauerzopf 1952: 13, pl. 2, fig. 4.

Type horizon

Remarks

Based on a specimen of M. parreyssii figured in Kobelt (1880: 19, pl. 189, fig. 1909d). Neubauer et al. (2014d: 125) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Microcolpia parreyssii (Philippi, 1847).

Melanopsis monteli var. innodata Pallary, 1936, [invalid]

Original source

Pallary 1936: 61.

Type locality

Remarks

Junior homonym of M. parreyssii innodata Westerlund, 1886 (see Note 1).

Melanopsis costata var. inodata Pallary, 1939

Original source

Pallary 1939: 91.

Type locality

Not explicitly stated but probably the same as for the species (“Djishr ech Chegour” [Jisr Ash-Shughur], Syria).

Melanopsis insignis Locard, 1883

Original source

Locard 1883a: 202.

Type locality

“Samava” [As Samawah], Iraq.

Remarks

Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Martens (1874: 43, 67). Locard (1883a) introduced the species by referring to “Melanopsis Turcica de Mousson [...] 1874, p. 44” [act. p. 49], which he obviously considered different from the variety described in Mousson (1874: 33).

† Melanopsis intermedia Rzehak, 1883

Original source

Rzehak 1883: 43, pl. 2, figs 7a–c.

Type horizon

Oncophora Beds, middle Burdigalian, early Miocene.

Type locality

“Eibenschitz, [...] Oslawan” [Ivančice; Oslavany], Czech Republic.

Remarks

Čtyroký (1972: 74) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis impressa Krauss, 1852.

†Melanopsis (Lyrcea) senatoria var. intermedia Handmann, 1887, [invalid]

Original source

Melanopsis iraqensis Pallary, 1939

Original source

Pallary 1939: 89, pl. 4, figs 1, 2, 4, 5.

Type locality

“Tappah, à 3 km Est de Belad Sindjar et ‘Ain Haglan” [Tappah, 3 km east of Sinjar and Ain Haglan (?)], Iraq.

Remarks

Plate 26 of Sandberger’s monograph appeared already in 1872, while the description on p. 666 (see also p. 687) was issued in 1875 (Woodward 1906). Harzhauser et al. (2015: 10) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis narzolina d’Archiac in Viquesnel, 1846.

†Melanopsis (Stilospirula) jansseni Anderson, 1964

Original source

Remarks

Replacement name for the junior homonyms M. fuchsi Brusina, 1902, non Handmann, 1882 and M. hungarica Pallary, 1916, non Kormos, 1904, which were in turn introduced for M. costata sensu Fuchs, 1870, non Olivier, 1804. However, already Strausz (1941) had introduced M. confusa as replacement name, which makes M. jekeliusi its junior objective synonym.

Remarks

Wenz (1929: 2678) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis bouei Férussac, 1823.

†Melanopsis (Lyrcea) vindobonensis var. karagacensis Pavlović, 1927

Original source

Pavlović 1927: 84, pl. 12, figs 1–2.

Type horizon

Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Карагач” [from Karagača near Vrčin], Serbia.

Types

The illustrated syntype is stored in the Natural History Museum, Belgrade, coll. no. 226 (Milošević 1962: 23).

† “ Melanopsis kaltenbachi ” mentioned in Mertin (1939: 254), [unavailable]

Horizon

Heidelberg Formation, late Santonian, late Cretaceous.

Locality

“Flugplatz Quedlinburg” [airfield at Quedlinburg], Germany.

Remarks

Nomen nudum. Obviously a lapsus calami of Odostomia kaltenbachi Mertin, 1939.

† Melanopsis karici Pavlović, 1903

Original source

Pavlović 1903: 156, pl. 3, figs 3–6.

Type horizon

Middle Miocene.

Type locality

“Из Бабиног Дола близу Скопља” (p. 155) [Babin Dol near Skopje], Macedonia.

Types

The illustrated syntype is stored in the Natural History Museum, Belgrade, coll. no. 1448 (Milošević 1962: 24).

†Melanopsis (Lyrcaea) nobilis karpovi Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007

Original source

Types

Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria, coll. no. 1869/0009/0013.

Melanopsis (Mesopotamia) khabourensis Pallary, 1939

Original source

Pallary 1939: 102, pl. 5, figs 13–21.

Type locality

“Sources de Khabour, dites Ras el ‘Ain” [source of Chabur river near Ra’s al ‘Ayn], Syria.

“ Melanopsis kindermanni Zelebor” mentioned in Brot (1874–1879: 429), [unavailable]

Locality

Not indicated.

Remarks

Nomen nudum, apparently based on an unpublished manuscript name from Zelebor listed in the synonymy list of M. saulcyi by Brot (1879).

† Melanopsis kispatici Brusina, 1897

Original source

Melania (Melanopsis) kotschyi Von dem Busch in Philippi, 1847

Original source

Philippi 1847: 175, pl. 4, fig. 11.

Type locality

“Persepolis Persiae”, Iran.

† Melanopsis kottingbrunnensis Handmann, 1882

Original source

Handmann 1882: 559.

Type horizon

Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.

Remarks

Wenz (1929: 2741) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis haueri Handmann, 1882.

† “ Melanopsis kozlovskii ” mentioned in Bogachev (1938: 13, 33, 53), [unavailable]

Horizon

Miocene.

Locality

“Tori bei Borshomi” [Tori near Borjomi], Georgia.

Remarks

The name was only mentioned in a species list by Bogachev without description or illustration.

† Melanopsis krambergeri Brusina, 1892

Original source

Brusina 1892: 142.

Type horizon

Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Markuševec”, Croatia.

Types

Milan et al. (1974: 93) indicated collection numbers for “syntypes” illustrated in Brusina (1902), but it is uncertain whether the specimens were part of the original type series. They are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2499-145/1-2.

Remarks

Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Brusina (1884a: 138).

† Amphimelania krambergeri Brusina, 1902

Original source

Brusina 1902: pl. 5, figs 10–11.

Type horizon

Types

The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2535-181/1-4 (Milan et al. 1974: 93).

† Melanopsis kuzmici Brusina, 1907

Original source

Type locality

“Damery”, France.

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis lamarckii Potiez & Michaud, 1838. Cossmann (1888: 279) and Wenz (1929: 2640) classified the species in the genus Faunus Montfort, 1810 (Pachychilidae). The name “lamarcki” as mentioned in Wenz is an incorrect subsequent spelling.

Melanopsis lamberti Souverbie, 1872

Original source

Remarks

Heller et al. (2002: 596) considered the species as a junior synonym of Melanopsis costata (Olivier, 1804). Heller et al. (2005: 244) in turn treated it as an accepted name.

† Melanopsis lanceolata Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875

Original source

Neumayr and Paul 1875: 39, pl. 7, figs 5, 15.

Type horizon

Cernikian, Pliocene.

Type locality

“Slobodnica; [...] Sibin [Sibinj]; [...] Malino; [...] Gromačnik; [...] Čapla [Čaplja trench near Slavonski Brod]; [...] Cigelnik”, Croatia.

†Melanopsis (Melanoptychia) langhofferi Pavlović, 1927

Original source

Pavlović 1927: 61, pl. 7, figs 7–8.

Type horizon

Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Из карагачких пескова” [from the sands of Karagača near Vrčin], Serbia.

Types

The illustrated syntype is stored in the Natural History Museum, Belgrade, coll. no. 211 (Milošević 1962: 23).

† Melanopsis lanzaeana Brusina, 1874

Original source

Brusina 1874: 34.

Type horizon

Langhian, middle Miocene.

Type locality

“Ribarić; Turjake [Turjaci]”, Croatia.

Types

Milan et al. (1974: 94) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen is part of the original type series and whether it was the only one Brusina had at hand (holotype by monotypy, Art. 73.1.2). The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2982-628.

Remarks

The name “lanzae” as mentioned in Olujić (1999: 20, 49) is an incorrect subsequent spelling.

Melanopsis latastei Letourneux & Bourguignat, 1887

Original source

Letourneux and Bourguignat 1887: 158.

Type locality

“Des environs de Nefta; [...] dans l’Oued Gabès et aux alentours de Tozer” [surroundings of Nefta; in the Oued Gabès and around Tozeur], Tunisia.

† Melanopsis laubrierei Carez, 1879

Original source

Rossmässler 1838–1844: Heft 4 (10), 37, pl. 50, figs 662–663.

Type locality

“In der Laibach; in der Save” [Ljubljanica and Sava rivers] (the remaining localities mentioned cannot be assigned to the present variety without doubt), Slovenia.

“ Melanopsis lembergensis ” mentioned in Brot (1870: 310) and Brot (1874: 370), [unavailable]

Locality

“Lemberg, Galizien” [Lviv], Ukraine.

Remarks

Nomen nudum, apparently based on an unused manuscript name. It appears only in the synonymy list of Hemisinus [now Esperiana] acicularis in Brot (1870) with the authority “Schröter” as well in Brot (1874) with the authority “Parreyss”.

Melanopsis lentiginosa Reeve, 1860

Original source

Reeve 1860: Section Melanopsis, pl. 3, figs 9a–b.

Type locality

“New Caledonia” (France) [no locality indicated].

Remarks

Brot (1879: 444) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857.

†Melanopsis (Martinia) leobersdorfensis Handmann, 1887

Original source

Handmann 1887: 23, pl. 3, fig. 10.

Type horizon

Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Leobersdorf”, Austria.

Remarks

Wenz (1929: 2719) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis fossilis (Gmelin, 1791).

† Melanopsis lepavinensis Brusina, 1897

Original source

Brusina 1897: 9, pl. 6, figs 17–20.

Type horizon

Congeria rhomboidea Zone, Portaferrian, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Lepavina”, Croatia.

Types

Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, coll. no. 6461.

Remarks

Originally the gender was indicated as masculine (“longus”), but Microcolpia is feminine, which is why the name must be “longa”.

†Melanopsis (Lyrcea) senatoria var. longata Handmann, 1887

Original source

Handmann 1887: 19, pl. 2, figs 12–13.

Type horizon

Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Leobersdorf”, Austria.

† Melanopsis longirostris Pallary, 1920

Original source

Original source

Neubauer et al. 2011: 206, pl. 1, figs 10–12.

Type horizon

Early Langhian, middle Miocene.

Type locality

“Sinj, Lučane [= Sutina] section”, Croatia.

Types

Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria, coll. no. 2010/0042/0001.

† ? Amphimelania lucida Cossmann, 1886

Original source

Cossmann 1886: 228, pl. 10, fig. 7.

Type horizon

Eocene.

Type locality

“Houdan”, France.

Remarks

This taxon was considered to belong to the marine genus Nozeba Iredale, 1915 (Iravadiidae) by Ponder (1984: 56).

“ Melanopsis lucio ” mentioned in Erber (1868: 904), [unavailable]

Locality

“Rhodus” [Rhodes island, no locality indicated], Greece.

Remarks

Nomen nudum. Erber attributed the authority to Mousson. Given as “Luciae” in Paetel (1888).

Melanopsis dircaeana var. luctuosa Pallary, 1939

Original source

Pallary 1939: 88, pl. 4, fig. 19, pl. 6, fig. 35.

Type locality

“Lac de Homs”, Syria.

† Melanopsis ludwigi Speyer, 1870

Original source

Speyer 1870: 97, pl. 15, figs 3–4.

Type horizon

†Melanopsis (Canthidomus) lyrata Neumayr, 1869, [invalid]

Original source

Neumayr 1869: 358, pl. 11, fig. 8.

Type horizon

Remarks

Considered to belong in the genus Amphimelania by Brusina (1893: 63) and Wenz (1929: 2875).

Melanopsis macilenta Pallary, 1928

Original source

Pallary 1928b: 17, pl. 2, figs 15–17.

Type locality

“Beni Mellal, dans l’oued Taguenout” [Beni Mellal, in the Oued Taguenout (?)], Morocco.

“ Melania macilenta Ziegler” mentioned in Brot (1874–1879: 13), [unavailable]

Locality

“In der Muhr” [in the river Mur], Austria.

Remarks

Nomen nudum, apparently based on an unused manuscript name from Parreyss listed in synonymy of “Melania Holandri” [sic] by Brot (1874).

†Melanopsis (Canthidomus) macrosculpturata Papp, 1953

Original source

Papp 1953a: 109, pl. 23, figs 13–18.

Type horizon

Gelasian, early Pleistocene.

Junior synonym of Hemisinus osculati (Villa in Villa & Villa, 1854) (Thiaridae) after Ramírez et al. (2003: 272).

† Melanopsis magna Pallary, 1916, [invalid]

Original source

Types

Institute of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest, coll. no. 14655.

Remarks

Originally the gender was indicated as masculine (“magnus”), but Melanopsis is feminine, which is why the name must be “magna”. Junior homonym of Melanopsis magna Pallary, 1916.

Melanopsis magnifica Bourguignat, 1884

Original source

Bourguignat 1884: 152.

Type locality

“Environs de Fez” [surroundings of Fes], Morocco.

† Melanopsis magyari Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014

Original source

Neubauer et al. 2014a: 457.

Type horizon

† Melanopsis hammamensis var. major Pallary, 1901, [invalid]

Original source

Pallary 1901a: 178, pl. 2, fig. 21.

Type horizon

Pleistocene.

Type locality

“De l’oued El Biod (Géryville)” [Oudeï el Biod near El Bayadh], Algeria.

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis buccinoidea major Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).

Melanopsis vespertina var. major Pallary, 1911, [invalid]

Original source

Pallary 1911: 130, [unnumbered plate], fig. 3.

† “ Melanopsis majoricensis ” mentioned in Hermite (1879: 184, 328), [unavailable]

Horizon

Early Eocene.

Locality

“De Binisalem et de Selva” [from Binissalem and Selva, Mallorca], Spain.

Remarks

Nomen nudum, listed by Hermite in a section called “Espèces nouvelles citées et non décrites” [= “new species identified and not described”], where he listed 18 new names that he intended to describe in the second volume of his “Études géologiques sur les îles Baléares”. That part, however, has never been published, probably because Hermite died in 1880.

† Melanopsis malladae Cossmann, 1906

Original source

Cossmann 1906: 149, pl. C, figs 5–7.

Type horizon

Ypresian, Eocene.

Type locality

“Perauba” [section Peralba near Àger], Spain.

† Melanopsis mansiana Noulet, 1854

Original source

Noulet 1854: 50.

Type horizon

Ludian?–Sannoisian, Priabonian–early Rupelian, late Eocene–early Oligocene.

Type locality

“Au Mas-Saintes-Puelles (Aude); [...] de la Massale, près de Castres; [...] à Labruguière; [...] à Saint-Genest-de-Contest, à Lautrec (Tarn)” [at Mas-Saintes-Puelles (Dép. Aude); from Massale near Castres; at Labruguière; at Saint-Genest-de-Contest, at Lautrec (Dép. Tarn)], France.

Remarks

The name “masensis” as mentioned in Dollfus (1906: 292) is an incorrect subsequent spelling.

† Melanopsis maresi Bourguignat, 1862

Original source

Bourguignat 1862: 106, pl. 6, figs 1–4.

Type horizon

Pleistocene.

Type locality

“Dans la daya de Habessa, ancien lac desséché, situé à plus de 200 lieues environ au sud d’Oran” [in the Daïa Habessa, an old, desiccated lake, located more than 800 km south of Oran], Algeria.

† Melanopsis margili Robles, 1975

Original source

Robles 1975: 360, pl. 2, fig. 1.

Type horizon

Mammal zone MN 13–15, late Miocene–Pliocene.

Type locality

“Fuente del Viso (Albacete)” [near Villatoya], Spain.

Types

Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, coll. no. M-435.

† Melanopsis marginata Braun in Walchner, 1851

Original source

Remarks

Replacement name for M. austriaca croatica Brusina, 1902, non Brusina, 1884 (see Note 1).

Melanopsis maroccana Morelet, 1853

Original source

Morelet 1853: 297.

Type locality

“Prov. Oranensem” [province of Oran; no locality indicated], Morocco.

Remarks

The name was first mentioned by Chemnitz (1795) as “Buccina Maroccana”. However, according to Opinion 184 (ICZN 1944), species names introduced in volumes 1–11 of Martini and Chemnitz’ “Neues Systematischer Conchylien Cabinet” (1769–1795) have no status in nomenclature and the name is therefore not available from this work. The name was again listed by Férussac (1823) in synonymy of two different species, i.e., M. dufourii Férussac, 1822 (referring to Chemnitz 1795: pl. 210, figs 2078–2081) and M. costellata (referring to Chemnitz 1795: pl. 210, figs 2082–2083). A mention in synonymy, however, does not make the name available (see Note 2).

The first to adopt M. maroccana as a valid name was Morelet (1853). (Note that in the same year Bourguignat mentioned the name in his “Catalogue raisonné des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles [...]”, which, according to the preface was published not before 1 December 1853, while Morelet’s paper was issued on 1 August 1853.) Morelet (as well as Bourguignat) referred to Chemnitz’ work – but only to figs 2080–2081 – and listed M. dufourei [sic] as a synonym. Morelet did not provide a description or illustrations on his own; the brief Latin description he gave below the synonymy list refers to the unnamed variety β. The reference to the illustrations in Chemnitz nonetheless suffices as indication of a new taxon; the correct name is therefore Melanopsis maroccana Morelet, 1853. Although Morelet (1853) considered the older M. dufourii as a junior synonym of M. maroccana, the two names are no objective synonyms because Morelet referred to more specimens than just the holotype of M. dufourii (fig. 16). Note, moreover, that Morelet’s synonymization is likely based on a wrong concept of M. dufourii, which is a fossil species described from the Miocene of France.

The name “marocana” as mentioned in Pallary (1920c: 145) is an incorrect subsequent spelling.

Melanopsis marteli Pallary, 1920

Original source

Pallary 1920a: 32.

Type locality

“Près de Taforalt; Oued Cherâa à Berkane” [near Taforhalt; Oued Cherraa at Berkane], Morocco.

Pallary 1911: 132, [unnumbered plate], figs 13–14.

Type locality

“Berguent, le Ras al Aïqun des Beni-Mattar” [Ras el Aïn at Aïn Beni Mathar], Morocco.

Remarks

Introduced for M. letourneuxi sensu Pallary, 1899 (pl. 8, fig. 6), non Bourguignat, 1884.

Melanopsis mauretanica Pallary, 1922, [invalid]

Original source

Pallary 1922: 207.

Remarks

Unjustified emendation and therefore junior objective synonym of M. mauritanica Bourguignat, 1884.

Melanopsis mauritanica Bourguignat, 1884

Original source

Bourguignat 1884: 102.

Type locality

“Çà et là de Maroc” [here and there in Morocco; no locality indicated].

† Melanopsis mausseneti Cossmann, 1888

Original source

Cossmann 1888: 284, pl. 11, fig. 10.

Type horizon

Sparnacian, early Ypresian, Eocene.

Type locality

“Mont Bernon” [near Épernay], France.

Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.

Locality

“Bischofsbad” [Püspökfürdő, Băile 1 Mai, Lake Pețea], Romania.

Remarks

Nomen nudum. If available, it would be a junior objective synonym of M. sikorai: Brusina (1903) indicated it as the typical form of the species. Neubauer et al. (2014d: 125) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Microcolpia parreyssii sikorai (Brusina, 1903).

† Melanopsis hazayi var. megatyla Brusina, 1903

Original source

Brusina 1903: 112.

Type horizon

Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.

Type locality

“Bischofsbad” [Püspökfürdő, Băile 1 Mai, Lake Pețea], Romania.

Remarks

Neubauer et al. (2014d: 125) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Microcolpia parreyssii sikorai (Brusina, 1903).

Melanopsis meiostoma Heller & Sivan, 2000

Original source

Heller and Sivan 2000: 1, fig. 1.

Type locality

“En Haruv [...], a small spring on the Golan Heights that pours into a small cement pool” [near Kefar Haruv], Syria.

Types

National mollusc collection of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, coll. no. HUJ 7966.

Melanopsis crenocarinata var. melanostoma Moricand, 1841

Original source

Moricand 1841: 62.

Type locality

“Rio de Pedra Branca, procince de Bahia” [Pedra Branca river, province Bahia], Brazil.

“À St. Agata près de Tortone” (Michelotti 1847: 191; the other localities Michelotti apparently adopted from other works) [at Sant’Agata Fossili near Tortona], Italy.

Remarks

Introduced for M. carinata sensu Michelotti, 1847, non Sowerby, 1826. Wenz (1929: 2671) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis bonellii Manzoni, 1870.

Melanopsis microcolpia Bourguignat, 1884

Original source

Bourguignat 1884: 81.

Type locality

“Près de Jéricho, dans la fontaine de Jérémie (Palestine)” [near Jericho, in the spring of Jeremiah (?)], Palestine.

Mammal zone MN 10, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Milessi” [Milesi], Greece.

Types

Institute of Paleontology, University of Vienna; no number indicated.

Melanopsis monteli var. minorstricta Pallary, 1936

Original source

Pallary 1936: 61.

Type locality

Remarks

Originally spelt as “minor-stricta”.

† Melanopsis minotauri Willmann, 1980

Original source

Neubauer et al. (2011: 207) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis lyrata Neumayr, 1869.

†Melanopsis (Lyrcaea) [sic] mitraeformis Andrusov, 1909

Original source

Andrusov 1909: 87, 160, pl. 4, figs 34–35.

Type horizon

Pontian (sensu stricto), late Miocene.

Type locality

“Babadjan” [Babadzhan], Azerbaijan.

†Melanopsis (Melanosteira) mitzopoulosi Papp, 1955

Original source

Papp 1955: 126, pl. 20, figs 15–19.

Type horizon

Late Pliocene to early Pleistocene.

Type locality

“Nord-Nordwestlich von der Solfatare bei Susaki” [north-northwest of Solfatara Sousáki], Greece.

Types

Museum of Palaeontology and Geology of the University of Athens; no number indicated.

Remarks

First mentioned as nomen nudum in Papp and Thenius (1952: 4). Junior synonym of Amphimelania gayi [sic] after Bandel (2000: 140).

†Melanopsis (Canthidomus) mitzopoulosi Kühn, 1963, [invalid]

Original source

Kühn 1963: 386.

Type horizon

Melanopsis neolithica var. moderna Pallary, 1911

Original source

Pallary 1911: 133.

Type locality

“À Colomb-Béchar” [Bechar], Algeria.

† “ Melanopsis modesta ” mentioned in Bogachev (1938: 13, 33, 53), [unavailable]

Horizon

Miocene.

Locality

“Tori bei Borshomi” [Tori near Borjomi], Georgia.

Remarks

The name was only mentioned in a species list by Bogachev without description or illustration.

Melanopsis modica Pallary, 1928

Original source

Pallary 1928b: 19, pl. 2, figs 24–27.

Type locality

“Aïn Foum el Ançeur et Tirboula, près de Ksiba (Moyen Atlas méridional)” [Foum El Anceur and Tirboula, near Ksiba (southern Middle Atlas)], Morocco.

† Melanopsis moesiensis Jekelius, 1944

Original source

† Melanopsis molinai Vidal, 1917

Original source

Vidal 1917: 353, pl. 2, figs 9–10.

Type horizon

Cretaceous.

Type locality

“Lignitos de Selva y Binisalém” [lignites of Selva and Binissalem], Spain.

† Melanopsis bouei var. monacantha Handmann, 1882

Original source

Handmann 1887: 35, pl. 8, figs 8–9.

Type horizon

Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.

Remarks

Wenz (1929: 2675) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis bouei Férussac, 1823.

† “ Melanopsis monolithos ” mentioned in Dollfus (1922: 118), [unavailable]

Horizon

Apolakkia/Monolithos Formation, Pliocene.

Locality

(Type locality of M. biliottii). “Rhodos” (locality specified as “Monolithos” in Bukowski 1893), Greece.

Remarks

Dollfus mentioned the name as nomen nudum without explanation alongside the discussion of [M. costata] “Var. Biliottii Buk.”. Apparently, he considered it a potential new name should biliottii be elevated to the species level. If not already a nomen nudum, M. monolithos would therefore be a junior objective synonym of M. biliottii Bukowski, 1892, which actually was introduced as a distinct species (see also Willmann 1981: 105).

† Melanopsis impressa var. monregalensis Sacco, 1889

Original source

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis tothi var. multifilosa Brusina, 1903. Neubauer et al. (2016a) attributed the species M. doboi to the genus Microcolpia.

† Melanopsis multiformis Blanckenhorn, 1897

Original source

Blanckenhorn 1897: 116, pl. 9, figs 14–17.

Type horizon

Bourguignat 1884: 93.

Type locality

“Environs d’Agora et d’Alhama (Aragon), en Espagne; Relizane, dans la plaine du Cheliff, en Algérie” [surroundings of Agora (?) and Alhama de Aragón (Spain); Relizane, in the Plaine du Chelif (Algeria)].

Melanopsis mzabica Bourguignat, 1884

Original source

Bourguignat 1884: 89.

Type locality

“Ruisseau du puits artésien de Ngouça; Chetma, près de Biskra, et environs d’Ouargla, dans le sud de la province de Constantine” [creek from the artesian well of N’Goussa; Chetma near Biskra and in the surroundings of Ouargla], Algeria.

Paetel 1888: 400.

Type locality

“Sea of Galilee” (Nevill 1884: 212), Israel.

Remarks

† Melanopsis narzolina d’Archiac in Viquesnel, 1846

Original source

Remarks

Willmann (1981: 175) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis gorceixi proteus Tournouër, 1875.

Brot (1879: 456) considered the species as a junior synonym of M. brevis Morelet, 1857 (which is a junior homonym of Melanopsis brevis Sowerby, 1826; see M. moreleti Pallary, 1916).

† Melanopsis nesici Brusina, 1893

Original source

Brusina 1893: 202 (Serbian part), 36 (Italian part).

Type horizon

Pannonian, zone D–E, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Ripanj”, Serbia.

Types

Milan et al. (1974: 95) indicated collection numbers for “syntypes” illustrated in Brusina (1902), but it is uncertain whether the specimens were part of the original type series. They are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2533-179/1-4.

Remarks

The name “nesicii” as mentioned in Stepanović (1938) is an incorrect subsequent spelling.

† Melanopsis neumayri Tournouër, 1874

Original source

Tournouër 1874: 303, pl. 9, fig. 5.

Type horizon

Mammal zone MN 11, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Visan”, France.

Melanopsis nicollei Pallary, 1923

Original source

Pallary 1923: 43, [unnumbered plate], figs 17–18.

Type locality

“Gafsa, dans les eaux refroidies” [Gafsa, in cool waters], Tunisia.

Melanopsis doriae var. nigra Biggs, 1934

Original source

Biggs 1934: 60.

Type locality

“Qanat at Ginehkan near Kerman, S. Persia”, Iran.

Handmann 1882: 557.

Type horizon

Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.

Remarks

Handmann (1887) listed a M. varicosa nodescens. It is unclear whether he actually introduced a new variety or ranked the species described in 1882 as variety of M. varicosa Handmann, 1882. Wenz (1929: 2674) considered M. nodescens Handmann, 1882 as a junior synonym of Melanopsis bouei Férussac, 1823.

† Melanopsis nodicincta Pallary, 1920

Original source

Remarks

† Melanopsis inconstans var. nodulosa Brusina, 1874

Original source

Brusina 1874: 39.

Type horizon

Langhian, middle Miocene.

Type locality

“Miočić”, Croatia.

Types

The syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb; no number indicated (Milan et al. 1974: 92).

Remarks

Wenz (1929: 2756) and Neubauer et al. (2016b: 23) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis inconstans Neumayr, 1869.

†Melanopsis (Lyrcea) delessei var. nodulosa Magrograssi, 1928, [invalid]

Original source

Types

Milan et al. (1974: 88) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand when describing M. [constricta] subcostata (holotype by monotypy, Art. 73.1.2). The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2993-639.

Remarks

Replacement name for M. constricta subcostata Brusina, 1897, non M. subcostata d’Orbigny, 1850. The name “novskaensis” as mentioned in Wenz (1929: 2696) is an incorrect subsequent spelling.

Melanopsis obediensis Picard, 1934

Original source

Picard 1934: 110, pl. 7, figs 30–44.

Type locality

“Obedieh” [El ‘Ubeidīya], Israel.

† Melania obeloides Tausch, 1886

Original source

Tausch 1886: 7, pl. 1, figs 16–19.

Type horizon

Late Santonian–early Campanian, late Cretaceous.

Type locality

“Csingerthal bei Ajka” [Csinger valley near Ajka], Hungary.

Remarks

The species was attributed to the genus Esperiana by Bandel and Riedel (1994: 20). That classification was, however, doubted by Neubauer et al. (2016a: 127) based on the large stratigraphic gap between this Cretaceous species and other representatives that appeared not before the late Miocene.

Types

The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2492-138, 2493-139 (Milan et al. 1974: 96).

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis obesa Gassies, 1856. It was considered as a junior synonym of M. pygmaea Hörnes, 1856 by Wenz (1929: 2814).

Bukowski 1892: 249.

Type horizon

Apolakkia/Monolithos Formation, Pliocene.

Type locality

“Rhodos” (locality specified as “Monolithos” in Bukowski 1893), Greece.

“ Melanopsis orientalis Von dem Busch” mentioned in Mousson (1854: 50), [unavailable]

Locality

Not indicated (except from “de l’Orient”).

Remarks

Nomen nudum, listed by Mousson without any explanation.

† Melanopsis ornata Deshayes, 1862

Original source

Deshayes 1861–1864: 474, pl. 31, figs 27–28.

Type horizon

† Melanopsis buccinoidea var. ovalis Grateloup, 1838

Original source

Melanopsis ovum Bourguignat, 1884

Original source

Bourguignat 1884: 143.

Type locality

“See Tiberias” (Kobelt 1880: 17) [Sea of Galilee], Israel.

Remarks

Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Locard (1883a: 202). Introduced for “Melanopsis costata var.” in Kobelt (1880: 17, pl. 188, fig. 1906). Heller et al. (2005: 246) considered the species as a junior synonym of Melanopsis jordanica Roth, 1839.

† Melanopsis oxyacantha Brusina, 1902

Original source

Brusina 1902: pl. 7, figs 6–7.

Type horizon

Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Tihany”, Hungary.

Types

The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2534-180/1-2 (Milan et al. 1974: 95).

Remarks

The name “oxicanthe” as mentioned in Miletić-Spajić (1961: 252) is an incorrect subsequent spelling.

†Melanopsis (Lyrcea) pachecoi Royo Gómez, 1922

Original source

Remarks

Starobogatov et al. (1992: 65) considered the species as a junior synonym of Microcolpia cornea (Pfeiffer, 1828).

†Melanopsis (Melanosteira) pagodaeformis Pavlović, 1927

Original source

Pavlović 1927: 62, pl. 7, fig. 11.

Type horizon

Remarks

Neubauer et al. (2013: 135) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis lyrata Neumayr, 1869.

† Melanopsis neumayri var. papiolensis Almera & Bofill y Poch in Almera, 1894

Original source

Almera 1894: 171, pl. 4, figs 5a–b.

Type horizon

Late Messinian–early Zanclean, late Miocene–early Pliocene.

Type locality

“Castellbisbal, Papiol”, Spain.

† Melanopsis papkesiensis Bandel, 2000

Original source

Bandel 2000: 162, figs 52–85.

Type horizon

Late Pannonian, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Sand pit near Papkesi [Papkeszi]”, Hungary.

Types

Geological-Palaeontological Institute and Museum University of Hamburg, coll. no. 4269.

† Melanoptychia paradoxa Brusina, 1892

Original source

Remarks

Wenz (1929: 2566) considered the species as a junior synonym of Coptostylus albidus (Lamarck, 1822) (Thiaridae).

Melania (Melanopsis) parreyssii Philippi, 1847

Original source

Philippi 1847: 176, pl. 4, fig. 15.

Type horizon

Late Pleistocene to Recent.

Type locality

“Hungaria” [no locality indicated], Hungary? (at that time, the kingdom Hungary covered large parts of Romania and northern Croatia).

Remarks

Philippi attributed the authority to Johann Georg Megerle von Mühlfeld, apparently based on an “in schedis” determination. The name “parreyssi” as mentioned in Brusina (1903), Kormos (1905) and Paucă (1937) is an incorrect subsequent spelling (see also Neubauer et al. 2014d).

† Melanopsis parva Pallary, 1916

Original source

Type horizon

Remarks

Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Pavlović (1922: 49).

† Melanopsis petrovici Brusina, 1893

Original source

Type horizon

Langhian, middle Miocene.

Type locality

“Miočić”, Croatia.

Types

Milan et al. (1974: 96) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen is part of the original type series and whether it was the only one Brusina had at hand (holotype by monotypy, Art. 73.1.2). The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2976-622/1-2.

Remarks

Neubauer et al. (2016b: 23) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis inconstans Neumayr, 1869.

Remarks

The name “polyptychia” as mentioned in Wenz (1929: 2806) is an incorrect subsequent spelling.

†Ancillaria (Amalda?) pomahaka Hutton, 1873

Original source

Types

Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt; no number indicated.

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsisimpressaposterior Papp, 1953 (see Note 1). Neubauer et al. (2014a) introduced M. gearyae as replacement name.

Melanopsis potamactebia Bourguignat, 1870

Original source

Bourguignat 1870: 67.

Type locality

“Dans le Danube. [...] non-seulement de Brahilov, mais encore des environs de Belgrade” [in the Danube; not only from Brăila (Romania), but also from the surroundings of Belgrade (Serbia)].

†Melanopsis (Coptostylus) pourcyensis Cossmann, 1907

Original source

Types

Paleontology Collection of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem; no number indicated.

Buccinum praemorsum Linnaeus, 1758

Original source

Linnaeus 1758: 740.

Type locality

“In Europa australiore” [southern Europe].

Remarks

Sometimes incorrectly listed as the type species of Melanopsis (e.g., Wenz 1929: 2647; Heller et al. 1999: 56; Esu and Girotti 2015b: 150).

Handmann 1887: 33, pl. 7, fig. 15.

Type horizon

† Melanopsis proteus Tournouër, 1875

Original source

Remarks

Different concepts of this species were applied in the literature and created considerable confusion. Oppenheim introduced the name clearly for the misidentified record of M. costata sensu Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875 (p. 41), non Olivier, 1804 from Slavonia, despite referring about Greek material. Later, however, he considered the name as rectification also for M. costata sensu Fuchs, 1877 from Megara and sensu Tournouër, 1876 from Kos Island (Oppenheim 1891: 465). This fact remained unnoticed by Wenz (1929: 2808), who treated M. pseudocostata as replacement name of the latter two records (Fuchs, Tournouër) but not of Neumayr and Paul’s species.

In addition, there are three other new names proposed for misidentified M. costata from the Pliocene of Slavonia, i.e., M. croatica Brusina, 1884 (for M. costata sensu Neumayr, 1869), M. cosmanni Pallary, 1916 [= cossmanni, just. emend.] (for M. costata sensu Cossmann, 1909) and M. permutabilis Pallary, 1920 (for M. costata sensu Brusina, 1874). Note that Wenz (1929) erroneously considered M. cosmanni a replacement name of Neumayr’s (1869) record.

Wenz obviously considered all erroneous “M. costata” records from Slavonia to represent the same species and synonymized them with M. cosmanni, but was unaware that M. croatica Brusina, 1884 is the first available name for them. Although the four names (croatica, pseudocostata, cosmanni, permutabilis) likely refer to the very same species they are based on different specimens and thus no objective synonyms.

For the record by Tournouër (1876) from Kos Island, Pallary (1929: 119) introduced M. sculptilis as replacement name. The misidentified Melanopsis costata sensu Fuchs, 1877 from Megara, however, is still nameless.

The name “pseudodecorata” mentioned by Cossmann (1909: 178) is an incorrect subsequent spelling.

† Melanopsis praemorsa var. pseudofallax Sacco, 1895

Original source

Sacco 1895: 9, pl. 1, fig. 14.

Type horizon

Early Messinian, late Miocene.

Type locality

“S. Marzano Oliveto”, Italy.

Remarks

Wenz (1929: 2733) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis fusulatina Sacco, 1895.

Melanopsis pseudoferussaci Pallary, 1899

Original source

Pallary 1899: 139, pl. 9, figs 11–12.

Type locality

“Environs de Tétouan” [surrondings of Tétouan], Morocco.

† Melanopsis fossilispseudoimpressa Papp, 1953

Original source

Papp 1953b: 135, pl. 11, figs 5–8.

Type horizon

Pannonian, zone E, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Vösendorf (Sandriff)” [Vösendorf (sandbar)], Austria.

Remarks

Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Papp (1951: 115, 130 [as species], 147–148, 150 [as subspecies]).

† Melanopsis impressapseudonarzolina Papp, 1953

Original source

Remarks

Introduced (as “pseudo-subulata”) for a part of Sowerby’s material for M. fusiformis Sowerby, 1822 (Sowerby 1821–1823: pl. 332, figs 6–7) as well as for misidentified M. subulata sensu Forbes, 1856, non Sowerby, 1822.

† Melanopsis pterochila Brusina, 1874

Original source

Brusina 1874: 30, pl. 1, figs 5–6.

Type horizon

Types

The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2491-137/1-2 (Milan et al. 1974: 84).

† Melanopsis punctata Stoliczka, 1860

Original source

Remarks

Hörnes attributed the authority to Partsch, apparently based on an “in schedis” determination.

Microcolpia pyramidalis Bourguignat, 1884

Original source

Bourguignat 1884: 61.

Type locality

“Dans le Danube, où elle a été rencontrée çà et là depuis Buda-Pesth jusqu’à Ibraila; [...] Pregrada, près de Krapina, en Croatie” [in the Danube river, where it was found here and there between Budapest (Hungary) and Brăila (Romania); Pregrada, near Krapina (Croatia)].

Remarks

Bourguignat (1884) referred to a publication by Lang (1823: 430) [not 1833 as stated by Brot 1879], who mentioned “Melanopsis pyramidalis (mihi)” [nomen nudum] in a species list. Starobogatov et al. (1992: 65) considered the species as a junior synonym of Microcolpia acicularis (Férussac, 1823).

† Melanopsis pyramidalis Pallary, 1920

Original source

Pallary 1920b: 117.

Type horizon

Early Rupelian, Oligocene.

Type locality

“Grossalmerode, Oberzwehren, Mardorf bei Wabern, Frielendorf, Kirchhain, Dannerod, Ofleiden, Mardorf an der Ohm” (Ludwig 1865: 71), Germany.

Remarks

Introduced for M. praerosa [= M. praemorsa] sensu Ludwig, 1865, non Linnaeus, 1758. It was regarded a junior synonym by Wenz (1929: 2740) because Sandberger (1873: 315) had already introduced M. hassiaca as replacement name for misidentified M. praemorsa from that region and time period. Since Sandberger did not explicitly refer to Ludwig’s material, pyramidalis and hassiaca are not objective synonyms.

† “ Melanopsis pyrguloeformis ” mentioned in Hermite (1879: 184) [unavailable]

Horizon

Early Eocene.

Locality

“De Binisalem et de Selva” [from Binissalem and Selva, Mallorca], Spain.

Remarks

Nomen nudum. Given as “Melania pyrguloeformis” on p. 328. The name was probably intended as “pyrgulaeformis”, but the ligature was mixed up during typesetting. Hermite listed the name in a section called “Espèces nouvelles citées et non décrites” [= “new species identified and not described”], where he listed 18 new names that he intended to describe in the second volume of his “Études géologiques sur les îles Baléares”. That part, however, has never been published, probably because Hermite died in 1880.

†Melanopsis (Homalia) pyrula Handmann, 1887

Original source

Handmann 1887: 16, pl. 1, figs 16–24.

Type horizon

Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Leobersdorf”, Austria.

Remarks

Wenz (1929: 2758) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis inermis Handmann, 1882.

† Melanopsis impressa var. pyrulaeformis Pavlović, 1927

Original source

Pavlović 1927: 79, pl. 10, figs 1–4.

Type horizon

Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Из Карагача” [from Karagača near Vrčin], Serbia.

Types

The illustrated syntype is stored in the Natural History Museum, Belgrade, coll. no. 222 (Milošević 1962: 22).

† Melanopsis pyrum Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875

Original source

Neumayr and Paul 1875: 48, pl. 8, fig. 33.

Type horizon

Cernikian, Pliocene.

Type locality

“Čaplathal bei Podwin” [Čaplja trench near Slavonski Brod], Croatia.

Remarks

The species epithet is a noun in apposition (pyrum = Latin “pear”) and needs not to agree in gender with the generic name (Art. 31.2.1).

† ? Melanopsis reineri Penecke, 1885

Original source

Penecke 1885: 363, pl. 4, figs 8–9.

Type horizon

Paleocene.

Type locality

“Im südlichen Muldenflügel des Sonnberges (p. 334–335) [on the southern mountainside of the Sonnberg (near Guttaring, Carinthia)], Austria.

† Melanopsis requenensis Pallary, 1925

Original source

Types

Kollmann (1984: 57) designated a lectotype, which is stored in the collection of the Geological Survey Austria, Vienna (coll. no. 1856/3/4).

Remarks

Type species of the melanopsid genus Megalonoda Kollmann, 1984.

† Melanopsis revelata Pallary, 1920

Original source

Pallary 1920b: 110.

Type horizon

Melanopsis rifi Ahuir Galindo, 2014

Original source

Ahuir Galindo 2014a: 14, unnumbered figure.

Type locality

“Spring from the Southeastern Rich region”, Morocco.

Types

Museo Malacologico di Cupra Marittima, Italy; no number indicated.

† Melanopsis ripajensis [sic] Pallary, 1916 [invalid]

Original source

Pallary 1916: 86.

Type horizon

Pannonian, zone D–E, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Ripanj” (Brusina 1902: captions of pl. 5), Serbia.

Remarks

Introduced by Pallary (1916) for the alleged junior homonym “M. paulovici Brusina, 1902”, non Bourguignat, 1880. However, Brusina (1902) had named his species “pavlovici”, which makes M. ripajensis its junior objective synonym. Note that Art. 58.4. (regarding the use of u or v for the same Latin letter) does not apply here, because the names are not based on Latin words but on the names of two different persons.

† Melanopsis haueri ripanjensis Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014

Original source

Neubauer et al. 2014c: 16.

Type horizon

Pannonian, zone D–E, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Ripanj” (Brusina 1902: captions of pl. 6), Serbia.

Types

Syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2530-176/1-2 (Milan et al. 1974: 86).

Remarks

Replacement name for M. haueri serbica Brusina, 1902, non Brusina, 1893 (see Note 1).

“ Melanopsis rothii Ziegl.” mentioned in Brot (1874–1879: 419), [unavailable]

Locality

Not indicated.

Remarks

Nomen nudum, apparently based on an unpublished manuscript name from Ziegler and listed in synonymy of Melanopsis buccinoidea (Olivier, 1801) by Brot (1879).

† Melanopsis hybostoma var. rotundata Magrograssi, 1928

Original source

Magrograssi 1928: 260, pl. 6, fig. 20.

Type horizon

Plio-Pleistocene.

Type locality

“Coo: V. Iracli, V. S. Giorgio” [Kos island: Irakli valley, Ágios Geórgios valley (?)], Greece.

† Melanopsis rudis Brusina, 1902

Original source

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis rugosa Matheron, 1842. Neubauer et al. (2014c: 17) introduced M. wolfgangfischeri as replacement name.

† Melanopsis lanzaeana f. rugosa Brusina, 1897, [invalid]

Original source

Brusina 1897: 12.

Type horizon

Langhian, middle Miocene.

Type locality

“Ribarić”, Croatia.

Types

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis rugosa Matheron, 1842. Neubauer et al. (2011: 205) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of M. lanzaeana Brusina, 1874.

† Melanopsis doboi rugosa Schréter, 1975, [invalid]

Original source

“ Melanopsis ruinarum ” mentioned in Brot (1874–1879: 419–420, pl. 45, fig. 4), [unavailable]

Locality

“Balbeck” [Baalbek], Lebanon.

Remarks

Introduced in synonymy of M. buccinoidea by Brot (1879), referring to an “in schedis” name by Tarnier (see Note 2).

† Melanopsis rumana Tournouër, 1880

Original source

Tournouër 1880: 97.

Type horizon

Early Romanian, Pliocene.

Type locality

“[In loco Bukovatzu dicto, prope urbem Rumaniae Craiova]” [Bucovăț, near Craiova], Romania.

“ Melania sabljari Kucik” mentioned in Brusina (1867: 86), [unavailable]

Locality

Not indicated.

Remarks

Nomen nudum, based on an “in schedis” name in the collection of Kucik (also read as “Kutschig”).

† Melanopsis sabolici Brusina, 1902

Original source

Brusina 1902: pl. 6, figs 6–7.

Type horizon

Cernikian, Pliocene.

Type locality

“Kovačevac” [east of Nova Gradiška], Croatia.

Types

The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2505-151/1-2 (Milan et al. 1974: 96).

Melanopsis liocephala var. sabulosa Pallary, 1936

Original source

Pallary 1936: 57.

Type locality

“D’Agouraï” [Agourai, south of Meknes], Morocco.

Royo Gómez 1929: 242, pl. 17, fig. 5.

Type horizon

Lutetian, Eocene.

Type locality

“De Santo Domingo de Silos (Burgos)”, Spain.

Remarks

Originally written as “san-migueli”. Probably not a Melanopsidae.

Melanopsis saulcyi Bourguignat, 1853

Original source

Bourguignat 1853: 66.

Type locality

“Artouze, en Syrie” [Artouz (or ‘Arţūz), 15 km W of Damascus, Rif Dimashq], Syria.

† ? Melanopsis scabrida Youluo, 1978

Original source

Microcolpia schileykoi Starobogatov in Starobogatov et al., 1992

Original source

Starobogatov et al. 1992: 67, fig. 3 (18).

Type locality

“Фёслау близ Вены” [Vöslau near Vienna], Austria.

Types

Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg; no number indicated.

† Melanopsis schmidti Neumayr, 1880

Original source

Remarks

Introduced for M. costata sensu Tournouër, 1876. It was indirectly considered as a junior synonym by Willmann (1981: 177), who was unaware of Pallary’s replacement name but synonymized M. costata sensu Tournouër, 1876 with M. heldreichi Neumayr, 1880.

Melanopsis seignetti Bourguignat, 1884

Original source

Bourguignat 1884: 104.

Type locality

“Dans les oasis du sud de la province d’Oran; [...] l’oasis Sidi Yousef, à l’extrême sud de la frontière du Maroc; [...] ruisseau d’eau chaude à Ouargla” [in the oases in the south of the province Oran; oasis Sidi Youcef, at the far southern border of Morocco; hot water stream at Ouargla], Algeria.

Remarks

Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1872”.

† Melanoptychia lyrata semicostata Olujić, 1999

Original source

Olujić 1999: 20, 48, pl. 1, figs 2–4.

Type horizon

Langhian, middle Miocene.

Type locality

Remarks

Neubauer et al. (2011: 207) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis lyrata Neumayr, 1869.

Brusina 1870: 14.

Type locality

“Dans la Glina près de Topusko” [in the Glina river near Topusko], Croatia.

Olujić 1999: 22, 50, pl. 3, figs 30–32.

Type horizon

Langhian, middle Miocene.

Bourguignat 1884: 119.

Type locality

Remarks

Heller et al. (2005: 232) considered the species as a junior synonym of Melanopsis buccinoidea (Olivier, 1801).

Pallary 1922: 211.

Type locality

“Aoullouz” [Alous], Morocco.

Neumayr and Paul 1875: 45, pl. 8, fig. 25.

Type horizon

Cernikian, Pliocene.

Type locality

“Graben zwischen Podwin und der Čapla” [Čaplja trench near Slavonski Brod], Croatia.

† Melanopsis sobrievskii Rosen, 1914

Original source

Types

Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria, coll. no. 2001/0126/0049.

Remarks

Neubauer et al. (2014a: 463) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis soceni Jekelius, 1944.

† Melanopsis sodalis Deshayes, 1862

Original source

Deshayes 1861–1864: 470, pl. 31, figs 14–15.

Type horizon

Thanetian, Paleocene.

Type locality

“Châlons-sur-Vesles, Gueux, Jonchery, Noailles”, France.

† Melanopsis soldaniana De Stefani in Pantanelli, 1877

Original source

Types

Milan et al. (1974: 97) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand (holotype by monotypy, Art. 73.1.2). The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2999-645.

† Melanopsis soubeirani Porumbaru, 1881

Original source

Porumbaru 1881: 28, pl. 9, fig. 1.

Type horizon

Early–middle Romanian, Pliocene.

Type locality

“Cretzesci, Podari” [Crețești, Podari], Romania.

Remarks

The name “soubeiranus” as mentioned in Macarovici (1940: 344) is an incorrect subsequent spelling.

Tournouër 1876: 453, pl. 4, fig. 4.

Type horizon

Phoka to Elia Formation, Plio-Pleistocene.

Type locality

“Fouka” (p. 449) [Ákra Ágios Fokás], Greece.

† Melanopsis aetolica var. stamnana Oppenheim, 1891

Original source

Oppenheim 1891: 469, pl. 27, figs 3–4.

Type horizon

Gelasian, early Pleistocene.

Type locality

“Stamna”, Greece.

Remarks

Not available from Oppenheim (1890b), where he gave it as “mutation”. Probably by mistake, Papp (1955, in figure captions) designated a lectotype based on a specimen from Neumayr’s (1880a) (not Oppenheim’s) original material.

†Melanopsis (Duabiana) starobogatovi Anistratenko, 1993

Original source

“Dax. [...] Mandillot”, France.

Remarks

Junior objective synonym of M. buccinoidea subventricosa Grateloup, 1828, which Grateloup (1838) listed in synonymy.

Melanopsis maroccana var. striata Pantanelli, 1886

Original source

Pantanelli 1886b: 72, pl. 3, figs 26–27.

Type locality

“Accesa”, Italy.

Melania parvula f. striata Westerlund, 1886, [invalid]

Original source

Westerlund 1886: 108.

Type locality

“Steinbrück” [Zidani Most], Slovenia.

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melania striata Sowerby, 1818, described from the Paleogene (Eocene?) of the United Kingdom.

†Melanopsis (Hyphantria) striata Handmann, 1887, [invalid]

Original source

Handmann 1887: 38, pl. 8, fig. 18.

Type horizon

† Boistelia stricturata Jekelius, 1944, [invalid]

Original source

Remarks

The name “sturi” as mentioned in Wenz (1929: 2835) is an incorrect subsequent spelling.

Fagotia (Microcolpia) daudebartii stussineri Schütt & Bilgin, 1974

Original source

Schütt and Bilgin 1974: 62, fig. 5.

Type locality

Férussac 1819–1851: Mélanopsides fossiles, pl. 2, fig. 3 (altered caption by Deshayes delivered with Livraison 29; see introduction for details).

Type horizon

Late Villafranchian, Pleistocene (?).

Type locality

“D’Italie” (in the original captions, Férussac had given the locality as “entre Saint-Germinin et Carsoli” [between San Gemini and Carsoli, Italy]).

† Melanopsis subcarinata Morris in Forbes, 1856, [invalid]

Original source

Forbes 1856: 156, pl. 6, figs 5–6.

Type horizon

Headon Beds, Priabonian, Eocene.

Type locality

“Headon Hill”, United Kingdom.

Remarks

The description was evidently performed by Morris (see bottom of p. 156 in Forbes 1856). Junior homonym of Melanopsis subcarinata Deshayes in Férussac, 1851.

† Melanopsis subcostata d’Orbigny, 1850

Original source

Types

Remarks

Junior homonym of Melanopsis subcostata d’Orbigny, 1850. Wenz (1928a: 120) introduced M. constricta nowskaensis as replacement name.

Melanopsis laevigata var. subcostulata Pallary, 1904

Original source

Pallary 1904: 37.

Type locality

“Sriratzel Cromfel sur la route de Rabat à Casablanca; Temslott, dans les canaux; Agagour dans l’Atlas” [Sriratzel Cromfel (?) at the road from Rabat to Casablanca; Temslott (?), in the channels; Agagour (?) in the Atlas Mts.], Morocco.

Remarks

D’Orbigny (1850) considered Melanopsis rugosa Matheron, 1842 a Melania and the species name a secondary homonym of Melania rugosa Lea, 1842. However, Matheron’s species was published earlier (August 1842 vs. November/December 1842; for details on publication dates of Matheron’s work see note at the beginning of the Reference section). Melania subrugosa is thus a junior objective synonym of Melanopsis rugosa Matheron, 1842.

Melanopsis subscalaris Bourguignat, 1884

Original source

Junior homonym of Melanopsis subtilis Brot, 1879, which was originally introduced in synonymy but made available by Clessin (1890) who treated it as a valid name (see Note 2).

Melanopsis subtingitana Annandale, 1918

Original source

Annandale 1918: 163, pl. 20, figs 1–2.

Type locality

“Basra”, Iraq.

Types

Indian Museum, Calcutta, coll. no. 11390/2M.

Remarks

Annandale attributed the authority to Nevill, apparently based on a manuscript of that author.

† Melanopsis subtuberculata Pallary, 1916

Original source

Pallary 1916: 78.

Type horizon

Late Villafranchian, Pleistocene.

Type locality

“D’Italie” (Férussac 1823 had given the locality more precisely as “entre St.-Germini et Carsoli, et entre Otricoli et le Vigne” [between San Gemini and Carsoli, and between Otricoli and Le Vigne, Italy]).

Remarks

The name “Melanopsis subtuberculata Férussac” has been used as valid name by several authors (e.g., Wenz 1929: 2839), but was obviously not intended as species-group name by Férussac (1823). Esu and Girotti (1975: 251) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of “M. affinis Férussac, 1823”, which is not available either. The name subtuberculata became nevertheless available from Pallary (1916) who treated it as valid species-group name and associated it with an illustration in Férussac (1823: pl. 7, fig. 11). See introduction for detailed discussion about the names used by Férussac (1823).

Neumayr 1880c: 477, pl. 7, fig. 4.

Type horizon

Late Burdigalian–early Langhian, early–middle Miocene.

Type locality

“Seonica”, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

† Melanopsis vidovici var. tenuis Brusina, 1903, [invalid]

Original source

Brusina 1903: 114.

Type horizon

Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.

Type locality

“Bischofsbad” [Püspökfürdő, Băile 1 Mai, Lake Pețea], Romania.

Remarks

Junior objective synonym of M. vidovici: Brusina (1903) indicated it as the typical form of the species. Neubauer et al. (2014d: 125) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Microcolpia parreyssii sikorai (Brusina, 1903).

† Melanopsis tessellata Brusina, 1902

Original source

Melanopsis tiaraeformis Pallary, 1936

Original source

Pallary 1936: 60, pl. 3, fig. 2.

Type locality

“Cascade d’Imouzer d’Agadir” [waterfall of Imouzzer at Agadir], Morocco.

“ Melanopsis tigris Féruss.” mentioned in Adams and Adams (1853–1858: 310), [unavailable]

Locality

Not indicated.

Remarks

Nomen nudum, appears only in Adams and Adams (1854) without explanation.

† Melanopsis tihanyensis Wenz, 1928

Original source

Wenz 1928b: 219.

Type horizon

Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Tihany” (Fuchs 1870: 533), Hungary.

Remarks

Replacement name for the junior homonym M. gradata Fuchs, 1870. Both taxa were listed as junior synonyms of M. brusinai Lörenthey, 1902 by Gillet and Marinescu (1971: 57).

Remarks

Wenz (1929: 2568) ranked the variety as a subspecies of Coptostylus albidus (Lamarck, 1822) (Thiaridae).

Remarks

Neubauer et al. (2014d: 125) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Microcolpia parreyssii sikorai (Brusina, 1903).

† Melanopsis tournoueri Pallary, 1920

Original source

Types

The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2520-166/1-2 (Milan et al. 1974: 98).

† Melanopsis trempensis Bandel, 2000

Original source

Remarks

† Melanopsis tripaloi Bourguignat, 1880

Original source

Bourguignat 1880: 35.

Type horizon

Langhian, middle Miocene.

Type locality

“Vallée de la Cettina” [Cetina river valley], Croatia.

Remarks

Wenz (1929: 2734) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis geniculata Brusina, 1874.

Brusina 1884b: 55.

Type horizon

Early Langhian, middle Miocene.

Type locality

“Potravlje” (p. 47), Croatia.

Types

Milan et al. (1974: 98) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand (holotype by monotypy, Art. 73.1.2). The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2973-619.

“ Melanopsistruncata ” mentioned in De Cristofori and Jan (1832: Conchylia terrestria et fluviatilia, p. 7), [unavailable]

Locality

“Am. mer.” [South America].

Remarks

Nomen nudum, only mentioned in a species list by De Cristofori and Jan (1832).

Amphimelania (Melania) holandri var. tschapecki Westerlund, 1886

Original source

Westerlund 1886: 105.

Type locality

“Uferstellen der Sann bei Römerbad” (Tschapeck 1881: 102) [riversides of the Savinja river near Rimske Toplice], Slovenia.

Remarks

Introduced for a specimen of Melania holandri illustrated by Tschapeck (1881: 102, pl. 5, fig. d).

†Melanopsis (Melanoptychia) tuberculata Pavlović, 1927

Original source

Pavlović 1927: 60, pl. 7, figs 1–2.

Type horizon

Pérès 1939: 134.

Type locality

“Station 31. Daïa Afourgagh près d’Annosseur. Station 144. Oued Sidi Raba à 6 kilomètres environ en amont de son confluent avec le Bou-Regreg” [Station 31 at Dayat Afergagh near Anosseur; station 144 at Oued Sidi Raho, approximately 6 km upstream of its confluence with the Bou Regreg], Morocco.

Melanopsis costata var. turcica Mousson, 1874

Original source

Mousson 1874: 33.

Type locality

“Dans le Karasu, affluent du lac d’Antioche (p. 33); environs de Samava (p. 49; there treated as distinct species)” [in the Karasu river, tributary of the Lake Anuk (also as Amik) (Turkey); surroundings of As Samawah (Iraq)].

Remarks

Mousson attributed the authority to Parreyss, but there is no evidence that the description really derived from that author.

† Melanopsis turgida Fischer-de-Waldheim, 1837

Original source

Melanopsis turriformis Picard, 1934

Original source

Picard 1934: 123, pl. 8, figs 15–27.

Type locality

“Jarmukmündung” [Yarmouk river mouth], Jordan/Israel.

† Melanopsis unicincta Blanckenhorn, 1897

Original source

Blanckenhorn 1897: 119, pl. 9, figs 41–44.

Type horizon

Plio-Pleistocene.

Type locality

“In der obersten Melanopsiden-Thonbank des rechten Orontesufers bei Dschisr esch-Schurr” [in the uppermost clay bank at the right riverside of the Orontes near Jisr Ash-Shughur], Syria.

Remarks

Introduced as “n. mut.” but clearly as a binomen and hence not infrasubspecific in the sense of ICZN Art. 45.6.

† Melanopsis tothi var. unicingulata Brusina, 1903

Original source

Brusina 1903: 114.

Type horizon

Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.

Type locality

“Bischofsbad” [Püspökfürdő, Băile 1 Mai, Lake Pețea], Romania.

Remarks

† Melanopsis valdeci Brusina, 1902

Original source

Melanopsis vanrossomi Pallary, 1936

Original source

Pallary 1936: 58, pl. 3, fig. 7.

Type locality

“Souk el Hâd des Aït Souhab, dans l’oued Gough, et Tanalt, à quelques kilomètres au sud du précédent dans l’Anti Atlas occidental” [Souk el Hâd of Aït Souhab (?), in the Oued Gough (?), and Tanalt, a few kilometers south of the former in the western Anti-Atlas], Morocco.

Melania (Melanopsis) variabilis Von dem Busch in Philippi, 1847

Original source

Philippi 1847: 175, pl. 4, figs 7–8, 10.

Type locality

“Schiraz et Persepolis Persiae” [Shiraz and Persepolis, Fars Province], Iran.

“ Melania crassa var. variceata Sandri” mentioned in Brusina (1866: 106), [unavailable]

Locality

“Cetina”, Croatia.

Remarks

Nomen nudum, listed by Brusina without any explanation.

† Melanopsis varicosa Handmann, 1882

Original source

Handmann 1882: 553.

Type horizon

Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.

Melanopsis variegata Morelet, 1857

Original source

Morelet 1857: 33.

Type locality

“[Ad Sanctam-Mariam de Balade]” [Balade], New Caledonia.

Remarks

Brot (1879: 444) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis frustulum Morelet, 1857.

“ Melania holandri var. variegata Grimmer” mentioned in Brot (1874–1879: 12) and Clessin (1890: 676), [unavailable]

Locality

Not indicated.

Remarks

Nomen nudum, listed in synonymy of “Melania holandri” [sic] (Brot 1874) and “Melania holandri var. aequata” (Clessin 1890), respectively.

Melanopsis pseudoferussaci var. vaucheri Pallary, 1899

Original source

Pallary 1899: 140, pl. 9, fig. 12.

Type locality

“Fez” [Fes], Morocco.

† Melanopsis ventricosa Neumayr, 1880

Original source

Neumayr 1880b: 290, pl. 1, fig. 9.

Type horizon

† “ Melanopsis impressa vera ” mentioned in Schréter (1912: 155), [unavailable]

Horizon

Miocene.

Locality

“Boesciwiese, östlich von Kohldorf [...] in dem von Norden, vom Balomberge hinablaufenden Seitengraben” [Poiana Boistii (?), east of Cărbunari, in the trench running down from the Mt. Balom (?) in the north], Hungary.

Remarks

Nomen nudum, appears without explanation in the text. Possibly, Schréter wanted to denote that it is the “real” M. impressa and not a variety. Wenz (1929: 2753) listed the record as a junior synonym of M. impressa.

Brusina 1903: 113.

Type horizon

Late Pleistocene–Holocene.

Type locality

“Bischofsbad” [Püspökfürdő, Băile 1 Mai, Lake Pețea], Romania.

Remarks

Neubauer et al. (2014d: 125) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of Microcolpia parreyssii sikorai (Brusina, 1903).

† Melanopsis vilicici Brusina, 1902

Original source

Brusina 1902: pl. 6, fig. 1.

Type horizon

Early–middle Miocene.

Type locality

“Kirin (Stipan)”, Croatia.

Types

Type locality

“In der ersten Thonbank des linken Orontesufers bei Dschisr esch-Schurr” [in the first clay bank at the left riverside of the Orontes near Jisr Ash-Shughur], Syria.

Remarks

Introduced as “n. mut.” but clearly as a binomen and hence not infrasubspecific in the sense of ICZN Art. 45.6.

† Melanopsis vindobonensis Fuchs in Fuchs & Karrer, 1870

Original source

Fuchs and Karrer 1870: 140, textfig. 5.

Type horizon

Pannonian, zone E, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Zu Brunn, Inzersdorf, Rothneusiedel und Wien” [in Brunn am Gebirge, Inzersdorf and Rothneusiedl (today both localities lie within Vienna), and Vienna], Austria.

† Melanopsis viquesneli Pavlović, 1932

Original source

Pavlović 1932: 240, 247, pl. 1, figs 6–7.

Type horizon

Pontian (Dacian Basin), late Miocene–Pliocene.

Type locality

“Села Дрсника” [village Drsnik], Kosovo.

Types

Perhaps stored in the Natural History Museum, Belgrade, but not mentioned in the catalogue of Milošević (1962).

† Melanopsis visianiana Brusina, 1874

Original source

Brusina 1874: 37, pl. 1, figs 7–8.

Type horizon

Langhian, middle Miocene.

Type locality

“Miočić”, Croatia.

Remarks

Replacement name for M. glabra Pavlović, 1927, non Brusina, 1874 (see Note 1).

Melanopsis wagneri Roth, 1839

Original source

Roth 1839: 24, pl. 2, fig. 11.

Type locality

“Smyrnae” [Izmir], Turkey.

Remarks

Martens (1874: 32) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of Melanopsis praemorsa (Linnaeus, 1758).

Melanopsis waitaraensis Marwick, 1926

Original source

Marwick 1926: 317, pl. 73, figs 1–2.

Type locality

“Coast south side Wai-iti Stream”, New Zealand.

† Melanopsis wilhelmi Esu & Girotti, 2015

Original source

Paetel 1888: 403.

Type locality

“Persia” (Nevill 1884: 208), Iran.

Remarks

† Melanopsis zujovici Brusina, 1893

Original source

Brusina 1893: 200 (Serbian part), 33 (Italian part), pl. 2, fig. 5.

Type horizon

Pannonian, zone D–E, late Miocene.

Type locality

“Ripanj”, Serbia.

Types

Acknowledgements

I am greatly indebted to the FreshGEN team at the Natural History Museum Vienna (NHM Vienna) for support in every respect. Specifically, I would like to thank Andreas Kroh and Mathias Harzhauser for lively and fruitful discussions on nomenclatural problems. The completeness and accuracy of the catalogue benefitted from the knowledge and help of many colleagues, particularly Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Michel Pacaud (both at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris). Furthermore, I would like to thank the following colleagues for help during literature research: Joaquin Albesa (University of València), Ion Andreescu (Bucharest), Vitaliy V. Anistratenko (Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of NAS, Kiev), Ruud A. Bank (University of Groningen), Daniela Esu (University of Rome), Dilian Georgiev (Plovdiv University, Bulgaria), Elisavet Georgopoulou (NHM Vienna), Ursula Göhlich (NHM Vienna), Gerhard Haszprunar (Bavarian State Collection of Zoology and Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich), Sonja Herzog-Gutsch (NHM Vienna), Olaf Höltke (State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart), Heinz Kollmann (NHM Vienna), Andrea Kourgli (NHM Vienna), Imre Magyar (MTA-MTM-ELTE Research Group for Paleontology, Budapest), Oleg Mandic (NHM Vienna), Michael W. Rasser (State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart), Maxim Vinarski (Saint-Petersburg State University) and Winfried Werner (Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, München). Many thanks go to Chen Yanlong (University of Graz) who helped with the translation of the Chinese literature. The constructive reviews by Philippe Bouchet and Abraham Breure are highly appreciated.

The catalogue was assembled during the project “Freshwater systems in the Neogene and Quaternary of Europe: Gastropod biodiversity, provinciality, and faunal gradients” supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF project no. P25365-B25).

References

Web-links to the first page of the publications are provided as far as known, mainly referring to the Biodiversity Heritage Library (http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/), Internet Archive (https://archive.org/), and to the online catalogues of the Bibliothèque National de France (http://gallica.bnf.fr/), the Stadtarchiv Baden (http://jubilotheque.upmc.fr/) and the OÖ. Landesmuseum (http://www.zobodat.at/index.php).

For some journals and books, the dates given on the cover or the first page of the article do not necessarily reflect the real publication dates. Examples are the Journal de Conchyliologie and the Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, which occur many times in the reference list and where the dates deviated considerably (mostly regarding volumes published in the second half of the 19^th century). Publication dates of the Bulletin were usually supplied in the appendix; for the Journal de Conchyliologie, the dates are based on Fischer-Piette (1937).

The special case of Matheron (1842, 1843) should be discussed here briefly because it led to erroneous conclusions on homonymy issues and invalid replacement names. The two references refer to two, slightly different versions of the same publication by Philippe Matheron. The first version was published in the Répertoire des travaux de la Société de statistique de Marseille, vol. 6, pp. 81–341, the second as book in May 1843. In a note at the end of the book (p. 269), Matheron stated: “Circumstances beyond my control have delayed the release of the discussion above, the work that I presented at the Statistical Society of Marseille at the beginning of the year 1842 and part of which was already printed in August of the same year. The time that has elapsed since the original wording of the catalogue until the moment I write this note (in May 1843) allowed me to mention many species recently published by M. d’Orbigny and make my job more complete than it would have been if it had been published a year ago.” Hence, we deal with two different publications that need to be cited separately. The melanopsids in question already appeared in the 1842-version and no changes were made for the 1843-version.

Adams H, Adams A (1853–1858) The genera of Recent Mollusca arranged according to their organizations. Van Voorst, London, 2 vol. of text (661 pp.), 1 vol. of plates pp. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4772#/summary[for publication dates see Bouchet and Rocroi 2005: 285]

Agassiz L (1847) Nomenclatoris zoologici index universalis, continens nomina systematica classium, ordinum, familiarum et generum animalium omnium, tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum unicum disposita, adjectis homonymiis plantarum. Soloduri, Jent et Gassmann, 393 pp. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16933#page/13/mode/1up[re-issued version from 1848]

Ahuir Galindo J (2014a) New Melanopsis from Morocco. Malacologia Mostra Mondiale 84: 14–15.

Ahuir Galindo J (2014b) New Melanopsis from Morocco. Malacologia Mostra Mondiale 85: 7–8.

Ahuir Galindo J (2015) A new subspecies of Melanopsis tricarinata (Bruguière, 1789) from Spain. Malacologia Mostra Mondiale 86: 22–23.

Ahuir Galindo J (2016) New Melanopsis from Morocco. Malacologia Mostra Mondiale 90: 26–28.

Aldrich TH (1886) Preliminary Report on the Tertiary Fossils of Alabama and Mississippi. Geological Survey of Alabama, Bulletin 1: 15–60. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/67748#page/19/mode/1up

Aldrich TH (1895) New or little known Tertiary Mollusca from Alabama and Texas. Bulletins of American Paleontology 1(2): 53–82. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96050#page/67/mode/1up

Allmon WD (1990) Review of the Bullia Group (Gastropoda: Nassariidae) with comments on its Evolution, Biogeography, and Phylogeny. Bulletins of American Paleontology 99(335): 1–179. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40609#page/7/mode/1up

Almera J (1894) Descripción de los depósitos pliocénicos de la cuenca del Bajo Llobregat y llano de Barcelona. Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona 3: 1–355.

Altaba CR (1998) Testing vicariance: melanopsid snails and Neogene tectonics in the western Mediterranean. Journal of Biogeography 25(3): 541–551. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1998.2530541.x

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