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Corresponding author: Oldřich Nedvěd ( nedved@prf.jcu.cz ) Academic editor: Michael Thomas
© 2016 Amir Biranvand, Oldřich Nedvěd, Wioletta Tomaszewska, Claudio Canepari, Jahanshir Shakarami, Lida Fekrat, Mehdi Zare Khormizi.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Biranvand A, Nedvěd O, Tomaszewska W, Canepari C, Shakarami J, Fekrat L, Khormizi MZ (2016) An annotated checklist of Microweiseinae and Sticholotidini of Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 587: 37-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.587.8056
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An updated checklist of the Coccinellidae species of the former subfamily Sticholotidinae recorded from Iran is provided. Eleven species are reported: two species classified presently in the subfamily Microweiseinae (in the genera Paracoelopterus Normand, 1936 and Serangium Blackburn, 1889), and nine species classified in the tribe Sticholotidini of the subfamily Coccinellinae (in the genera Coelopterus Mulsant & Rey, 1852 and Pharoscymnus Bedel, 1906). Pharoscymnus smirnovi Dobzhansky, 1927 is removed from the list of the Coccinellidae of Iran. Distribution of species in Iranian provinces is presented. Data concerning their host plants along with their prey species are also included when known. Morphological features of two rarely collected and poorly known species of Iranian fauna, Pharoscymnus brunneosignatus Mader, 1949 and P. pharoides (Marseul, 1868) are diagnosed and illustrated.
Coccinelloidea , distribution, host plants, Microweiseinae , prey species, Sticholotidini , updated checklist
The family Coccinellidae with approximately 6000 species and 360 genera was classified until recently in the superfamily Cucujoidea (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) and placed in the Cerylonid Series, a derived clade formed by Cerylonidae and eight other families of Cucujoidea (e.g.
Most of the standard classifications of Coccinellidae (
This split of the family was confirmed by subsequent molecular and combined molecular and morphological research (
Small and the least apparent members of Coccinellidae were historically placed in the subfamily Sticholotidinae described by
After the split of former Sticholotidinae, research conducted so far revealed well defined Microweiseinae. This subfamily contains now three tribes (Microweiseini including Sukunahikonini, Serangiini and Carinodulini) and is well defined by a set of morphological characters: antenna inserted in front of eyes, often separated from eyes anteriorly, antennal insertions exposed and close together, clypeus well developed and emarginate around antennal insertions, subgena with glandular openings, mandible simplified with single apical tooth and no mola; ventral mouthparts retracted causing unusual projection of genae into a frame enclosing strongly elongate maxillae and labium; male genitalia with asymmetrical tegmen (
The recent checklist of Coccinellidae of Iran provided by
The current study was inspired by a collection of the new material of species belonging to the former Sticholotidinae and was aimed to update the information on the current classification, occurrence, host plants and the prey of species of this group in Iran. Similar studies on other, more speciose, tribes of the family will follow.
The study area in Iran is located in southwest of Asia in the Middle East region. More than half of the country’s land is arid or semi-arid; almost one third of the country is mountainous and a small part contains fertile plains. In winter, the temperature difference between the coldest and warmest place may exceed 50 °C. Precipitation in Iran is highly variable, from more than 2000 mm of rain a year in north to less than 15 mm in desert areas.
The arrangements of tribes, genera and species are listed alphabetically for convenience, according to classification of
Identification of Pharoscymnus pharoides (Marseul, 1868) was based on the original description of
New specimens examined were collected in 2013 and 2014 in different parts of Iran, and are deposited in Plant Protection Department, Lorestan University, Agricultural faculty, Khorramabad, Iran and Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran.
This checklist includes eleven species of the Sticholotidinaesensu lato. According to the current classification of Coccinellidae, two species belong to the subfamily Microweiseinae (to the tribes Microweiseini and Serangiini) and nine species to the tribe Sticholotidini of the subfamily Coccinellinae. Pharoscymnus smirnovi Dobzhansky, 1927, which was first recorded by Zare Khormizi (2014) from Iran, was removed from the list of Iranian coccinellids after re-examination of the specimens, as they appeared to be misidentified. For Pharoscymnus pharoides (Marseul, 1868) new locality in Iran (Lorestan province) and new host plants (pine, walnut and hawthorn trees) are recorded.
The updated list of the species is as follows:
(= Diloponis fuerschi Yazdani & Ahmadi, 1992)
Greece, Israel, Iran, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia (
Fars, Sistan and Baluchestan (
This species has been collected from almond, ash, date palm, willow and wild pistachio as the predator of Hemiptera, Diaspididae: Chionaspis salicis (Linnaeus), Lepidosaphes malicola Borchsenius, Melanaspis inopinata (Leonardi), Parlatoria blanchardi Targioni Tozzetti, Pistaciaspis pistaciae Borchsenius, P. pistacicola Borchsenius, Tecaspis asiatica Bazarov (
France, Georgia, Israel, India, Iran, Pakistan, Syria (
Gilan, Golestan, Mazandaran, Zanjan (
This species has been collected from citrus, olive, pomegranate and Salvia as the predator of Euphyllura olivina (Costa) (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) (
Somalia, Syria (
Iran (
This species is known to be present in Salicornia habitats periodically inundated by sea water (
Iran (
Hormozgan (
Iran, Saudi Arabia, The United Arab Emirates (
Fars, Gilan (
This species has been collected from date palm as the predator of Parlatoria blanchardi (Hemiptera: Diaspididiae;
Iran, North Khorasan Prov., Baba Aman (37°29'34"N 57°26'19"E), Tamarisk, iv.2013, lgt. et coll. Hamidi, det. Nedvěd and Canepari.
Body length 2.1 mm. Dorsal surface black and setose with orange, transverse bands of irregular shape on elytra (Fig.
China, Mongolia (
North Khorasan, Khorasan Razavi (
Greece, Iran, Turkey (
Iran (
Afghanistan, India, Iran, Pakistan (
Fars (
Israel (
Fars, Gilan, Kerman, Lorestan, Tehran (
This species has been collected from almond, apple, ash, citrus, conifer trees, oleander, olive, date palm, pomegranate, sloe and willow as the predator of Hemiptera, Diaspididae: Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) and Parlatoria blanchardi (
This ladybird is one of the most important predators of scale insects, including Parlatoria blanchardi, on palm trees (
3 females, 4 males, Iran, Lorestan Prov., Azna Mmyl (33°23'00"N 48°36'05"E), on hawthorn, pine, walnut, iii.2013, lgt. et coll. Biranvand, det. Canepari.
Body length 1.9 mm. Dorsal surface black and setose with three pairs of orange spots on elytra; head, antennae and mouthparts dark brown; eyes completely visible from dorsal view; coxa, trochanter and basal part of femur black, distal part of femur, tibia and tarsus dark brown (Fig.
Egypt, Iran, Israel, Libya, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Turkey (
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Fars (
This species has been collected from almond and oak (
This species was reported by
Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Libya, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Tunisia, The United Arab Emirates (
Fars (
This species has been collected from date palm as the predator of Parlatoria blanchardi (Hemiptera, Diaspididae;
Species of Microweiseinae and Sticholotidini from Iran belong to four genera. Eight of a total of eleven species belong to the Sticholotidini genus Pharoscymnus. For two species, no details are known about their distribution in Iran. Fars is the best investigated province of Iran with six known species belonging to the investigated groups of ladybirds; Gilan and Lorestan have three and two known species respectively, and the other provinces have only a single species each. Most of these species have western Palaearctic or Mediterranean distribution in general, but a few species extend to India or China.
Host plants in Iran were recorded for six species. Three species were found on both almond and date palm, two species on ash, citrus, olive and pomegranate. Prey species, always scale insects, were recorded for five of the eleven listed ladybird species. For four species, Parlatoria blanchardi was the single prey or one of the prey species.
The study was partially supported by the grant GAJU 159/2013/P by the University of South Bohemia. Adam Ślipiński (Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia) and Joseph McHugh read parts of this manuscript providing valuable suggestions.