Research Article |
Analyn Anzano Cabras‡, Milton Norman Medina‡, Genelyn Madjos§, Maurizio Bollino|
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Corresponding author: Analyn Anzano Cabras ( ann.cabras24@umindanao.edu.ph ) Academic editor: Miguel Alonso-Zarazaga
© 2022 Analyn Anzano Cabras, Milton Norman Medina, Genelyn Madjos, Maurizio Bollino.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Cabras AA, Medina MN, Madjos G, Bollino M (2022) Three new species of the genus Metapocyrtus Heller 1912, subgenus Orthocyrtus Heller 1912 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini), from Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1088: 115-128. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1088.79021
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Abstract
Three new species of genus Metapocyrtus Heller, 1912, subgenus Orthocyrtus Heller, 1912 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini) from Mindanao Island, Philippines are described: M. (O.) regalis sp. nov., M. (O.) tboli sp. nov., and M. (O.) reagani sp. nov. Photographs of their habitus and male genitalia are presented.
Keywords
Archipelago, beetles, endemic, novel species, taxonomy, weevils
Introduction
The genus Metapocyrtus Heller, 1912 is a hyperdiverse member of the tribe Pachyrhynchini exclusively distributed in the Philippine islands. It is set apart from other members of the tribe by these general diagnostic characters: “rostrum apically not swollen, basally with a more or less strongly pronounced transverse groove, eyes moderately convex, not bulging, scape of antenna reaching at least to or beyond hind margin of eye” (
In Mindanao, five new species of Orthocyrtus have recently been described—M. (O.) mansaka Cabras, Bollino & Medina, 2018, M. (O.) ginalopezae Cabras & Medina, 2019, M. (O.) davaoensis Cabras, Medina & Bollino, 2021, M. (O.) hirakui Cabras, Medina & Bollino, 2021, and M. (O.) barsevskisi Cabras, Villanueva & Medina, 2021 (
Materials and methods
The specimens deposited in the University of Mindanao Coleoptera Research Center were collected by sheet beating and hand picking and killed in vials with ethyl acetate. Morphological characters were observed under Luxeo 4D and Nikon SMZ745T stereomicroscopes. The illustrations, as well as the treatment of the genitalia, followed that of
/ different lines;
// different labels;
ā arithmetic mean;
LB length of the body in dorsal view, from the apical margin of the pronotum to the apices of the elytral;
LE length of the elytra in dorsal view, from the level of the basal margins to the apices of the elytral;
LP length of the pronotum, from the base to apex along the midline;
LR length of the rostrum
WE maximum width across the elytra;
WP maximum width across the pronotum;
WR maximum width across the rostrum.
All measurements are in millimeters.
Comparative materials and specimens used in the study are deposited in the following institutional collections:
MBLI private collection of Maurizio Bollino, Lecce, Italy;
SMTD Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Dresden, Germany;
UMCRC University of Mindanao Coleoptera Research Center, Davao City Philippines.
Taxonomy
Metapocyrtus (Orthocyrtus) regalis , sp. nov.
Holotype
(Figs
Paratypes
(21 ♂♂, 18 ♀♀): 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀: same data of the holotype, all in UMCRC; 1 ♂: Philippines – Mindanao / Gutalac / (Zamboanga del Norte) / IX–XI.2016 / coll. Bollino; 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀: Philippines – Mindanao / Gutalac / (Zamboanga del Norte) / VII.2018 / coll. Bollino;1 ♂: Philippines – Mindanao / near Siocon / (Zamboanga del Norte) / VII–IX.2019 / coll. Bollino; 13 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀: Philippines – Mindanao Island / Sitio Quary, Barangay Donia Cecilia / Sirawai (Siocon, Zamboanga del Norte) / ~ 7°34'N, 122°10'E - m 100 – IX.2018 / Lgt. local people - coll. Bollino, all in MBLI; 1 ♂, 1 ♀: Philippines – Mindanao Island / Sitio Quary, Barangay Donia Cecilia / Sirawai (Siocon, Zamboanga del Norte) / ~ 7°34'N, 122°10'E - m 100 – IX.2018 / Lgt. local people - coll. Bollino, will be deposited in SMTD.
Diagnosis
Metapocyrtus (Orthocyrtus) regalis sp. nov. is different from all other species of Orthocyrtus by the following features: robust, moderately stout, strongly convex body and yellowish-orange elytral markings consisting of a thin band from stria II to lateral margin, widened laterally; two median subcircular patches from stria I–IV and from stria VI–IX, and a subtriangular patch on apical third from stria II to lateral margin.
Description
Male. Dimensions (in mm): LB 11.8–12.5 (holotype 11.8, ā: 12.03), LR 2.2–2.1 mm (2.2, ā: 2.26), WR 1.9–2.0 (1.9 mm, ā: 1.96), LP 4.5–5.0 (4.5, ā: 4.67), WP: 4.5–5.0 (4.5, ā: 4.67), LE 7.0–7.8 (7.5, ā: 7.43), WE 5.5–6.0 (6.0 mm, ā: 5.83). N = 4.
Integument black. Body surface, rostrum, head, and underside lustrous.
Body subglabrous.
Head subglabrous; dorsal surface smooth but lateroventral surface with sparse minute and light-colored hairs; forehead between eyes slightly bulging with faint longitudinal groove almost reaching the vertex. Eyes medium-sized and feebly convex; lateral sides below the eyes with sparse, light-yellow, round to elliptical scales.
Rostrum rugose on basal half and finely punctured on apical half, longer than wide (LR/WR: 1.16), bearing minute, light-colored, adpressed hairs on dorsum and long, whitish hairs on lateral surface; transverse basal groove distinct; longitudinal groove along midline distinct with a shallow, pit-like depression; dorsum weakly convex dorsally; lateral sides with weakly widened apicad. Antennal scape slightly shorter than funicle, moderately covered with fine, light-colored hairs. Funicular segments I and II almost of the same length, twice as long as wide; segments III–VII nearly as long as wide; club subellipsoidal, nearly three times longer than wide.
Prothorax subglobular, as long as wide (LP/WP: 1.0), moderately punctate with minute hairs, widest at middle, sides evenly arcuate, strongly convex, and with the following scaly markings of yellowish-orange, round scales with a pink to purple shimmer: a) thin band at the anterior margin and b) broad lateroventral stripe before the coxa confluent with the anterior band.
Elytra subovate (LE/WE:1.25), wider and nearly twice as long as prothorax (WE/WP: 1.33, LE/LP: 1.67); body surface black, subglabrous, setiferous punctate, moderately stout; dorsum strongly and uniformly convex in profile with a gradual apical declivity; apex with sparse, light-colored, fine hairs. Each elytron with the following scaly markings of yellowish-orange, round scales with a pink to purple shimmer: a) thin band from stria II to lateral margin, slightly constricted on stria V then widened laterally, b) two subcircular median patch from stria I–IV, and from stria VI–IX, and d) subtriangular patch on apical third from stria II to lateral margin.
Legs with strongly clavate femora. Femora sparsely covered with minute, light-colored hairs and moderately covered with minute, blue-green, elliptical scales towards apical quarter. Tibiae covered with subadpressed, light-colored hairs and long, light-colored bristles along inner margin; tibiae weakly serrate along inner margin. Fore tibiae bear a mucro at apex. Tarsomeres covered with pubescence. Coxae barely pubescent with pale, bluish to yellowish, round scales on distal end. Mesoventrite covered with light-colored, adpressed hairs. Metaventrite with light-colored, adpressed hairs and yellowish, round scales at distal ends. Ventrite I weakly depressed on disc, with light-colored, adpressed hairs and yellowish to bluish, round scales towards distal ends. Ventrites II–V sparsely covered with adpressed hairs, especially towards margin. Ventrite V flattened, apical half finely densely punctured, interspersed sparsely with light-colored hairs.
Male genitalia
as shown in Figs
Female. Dimensions (in mm): LB 12.0–14.8 (ā: 13.4), LR 2.0–2.5 (ā: 2.25), WR 1.7–1.9 (ā: 1.8). LP 3.7–4.0 (ā: 3.85). WP 4.0–4.5 (ā: 4.25), LE 9.0–9.1 (ā: 9.05). WE 6.0–7.0 (ā: 6.5). N = 3.
Habitus as shown in Figs
Females differ from males in the following: a) pronotum (LP/WP 0.88-0.93), slightly shorter than in male; b) pronotum less arcuate than male, and c) elytra imperfectly subovate (LE/WE 1.27–1.3), longer and wider (WE/WP 1.64–1.67, LE/LP 2.97–3.0) than in male; d) ventrite I flattened, less hairy and not depressed on disc. Otherwise female similar to the male.
Etymology
The specific epithet comes from the Latin adjective regalis (royal, regal), which refers to the regal appearance of this species deriving from its bright yellowish-orange coloration.
Distribution
Metapocyrtus (Orthocyrtus) regalis sp. nov. is known from Zamboanga del Norte (Fig.
Metapocyrtus (Orthocyrtus) tboli , sp. nov.
Holotype
(Figs
Paratypes
(55♂, 32♀♀): 1♂, 2♀♀: same data of the Holotype, all in UMCRC; 48 ♂♂, 29 ♀♀: Philippines – Mindanao / Davao – Mt. Apo / VIII.2009 – m 1000–1200 / lg. local people – coll. M. Bollino; 1 ♂: Philippines – Mindanao / Sarangani / Kiamba / IX.2015 / coll. Bollino; 2 ♂♂: Philippines – Mindanao / Kiamba / (Sarangani) / January–March 2071 / coll. Bollino; 1 ♂: Philippines – Mindanao / Mt. Kapatagan / Davao del Sur Prov. / IX–X.2012 / coll. Bollino; 1 ♂: Philippines – Mindanao / Mt. Apo – Calatagan / (Davao del Sur-Brgy. Digos) / VI–VII.2017 – m 1400–1500 / coll. Bollino, all in MBLI; 1 ♂, 1 ♀: Philippines – Mindanao / Davao – Mt. Apo / VIII.2009 – m 1000-1200 / lg. local people – coll. M. Bollino, will be deposited in SMTD.
Diagnosis
Metapocyrtus (Orthocyrtus) tboli sp. nov. differs from all other species of Orthocyrtus by having its elytral scaly marking consisting of a thin, subbasal, median transverse stripe from stria I towards the lateral margin, a longitudinal stripe on apical third along stria II, a long postmedian stripe along the lateral margin towards apex, which is confluent with the stripe along stria II, and two small dots on intervals V and VI on the apical quarter, at times confluent with the distorted longitudinal stripe on stria II and forming a subtriangular shape.
Description
Male. Dimensions (in mm): LB 11.0–11.1 (holotype 11.0, ā: 11.05), LR 2.2–2.5 m (2.2, ā: 2.35), WR 1.8–2.0 (1.8 mm, ā: 1.9), LP 3.7–3.9 (3.7, ā: 3.8), WP: 4.0–4.1 (4.0, ā: 4.05), LE 7.0–7.1 (7.0, ā: 7.05), WE 5.5–5.8 (5.5 mm, ā: 5.65). N = 2.
Integument black. Body surface, rostrum, head, and underside with weak luster.
Body subglabrous.
Head subglabrous with sparse and minute pubescence on lateroventral side; underside of eyes with elongated stripe of metallic, light blue, elliptical scales interspersed with subadpressed setae; frons in between eyes nearly flattish with sparse, light-blue, round scales. Eyes medium-sized and moderately convex.
Rostrum finely punctured, longer than wide (LR/WR: 1.22), bearing sparse, minute, light-colored, adpressed hairs on dorsum; lateral surface covered with long, whitish hairs; anterolateral sides with long, yellowish hairs; transverse basal groove distinct; longitudinal groove along midline visible with shallow depression beset with light-blue, minute, round scales; dorsum weakly convex dorsally; lateral sides with moderately widened apicad. Antennal scape as long as the funicle, moderately covered with fine, light-colored hairs, especially toward the distal ends. Funicular segments I and II almost of the same length, twice as long as wide; segments III–VII nearly as long as wide; club subellipsoidal, nearly three times longer than wide.
Prothorax subglobular, slightly wider than long (LP/WP: 0.925), with fine, setiferous punctures, widest before middle with highest point just after apical margin, weakly convex, and with the following scaly markings of minute, light-blue, round scales: a) fine transverse stripe along the anterior margin, b) thin lateroventral band before the coxa confluent with the anterior band, c) two small subcircular spots on middle of discs, and d) thin stripe along the lateral side of posterior margin.
Elytra subovate (LE/WE:1.27), significantly longer and moderately wider than prothorax (WE/WP: 1.38, LE/LP: 1.89); body surface black, subglabrous, setiferous punctate, strongly convex dorsally; apex with sparse, light-colored, fine hairs. Each elytron with the following scaly markings of minute, light-blue, round scales: a) a thin, subbasal, transverse stripe from stria I towards lateral margin, b) a thin, median, transverse stripe starting from interval I towards but not reaching lateral margin, c) a longitudinal stripe on apical third along stria II, d) a long postmedian stripe along lateral margin extending towards apex, confluent with the longitudinal stripe on stria II, and d) two small dots on interval V and VI on apical quarter, at times confluent with the distorted longitudinal stripe on stria II, forming a subtriangular shape.
Legs with strongly clavate femora. Femora sparsely covered with minute, light-colored setae, denser towards the apex. Tibiae covered with subadpressed, brownish hairs and long, light-colored bristles along inner margins; tibiae weakly serrate along inner margin. Fore tibiae bear a mucro at apex. Tarsomeres covered with pubescence. Coxae barely pubescent with light-coloured, elliptical scales and light-colored hairs on distal end. Mesoventrite covered with light-colored, adpressed hairs. Metaventrite depressed with light-colored, adpressed hairs and light-blue, round scales at sides. Ventrite I moderately depressed on disc, with light-colored, adpressed hairs and light-blue, round scales towards distal ends. Ventrites II–V sparsely covered with adpressed hairs, especially towards margin. Ventrite V flattened, apical half finely densely punctured, interspersed sparsely with light-coloured hairs.
Male genitalia
as shown in Figs
Female. Dimensions (in mm): LB 10.5–11.5 (ā: 11), LR 2.0–2.1 (ā: 2.05), WR 1.6–1.8 (ā: 1.7). LP 3.0–3.5 (ā: 3.25). WP 3.8–4.0 (ā: 3.9), LE 7.5–8.1 (ā: 7.8). WE 5.8–6.5 (ā: 6.15). N = 2.
Habitus as shown in Figs
Females differ from males in the following: a) pronotum (LP/WP 0.79-0.88), slightly shorter than in male; b) pronotum less arcuate than male, and c) elytra imperfectly subovate (LE/WE 1.25–1.29), longer and wider (WE/WP 1.52–1.63, LE/LP 2.31–2.5) than in male, widest before middle; d) ventrite 1 flattened, less hairy, and not depressed on disc. Otherwise female similar to the male.
Etymology
The new species is named after the indigenous community inhabiting Kiamba Saranggani, the Tboli people. It is a noun in apposition.
Distribution
Metapocyrtus (Orthocyrtus) tboli sp. nov. is known from Saranggani and Davao provinces (Fig.
Metapocyrtus (Orthocyrtus) reagani , sp. nov.
Holotype
(Figs
Paratypes
(8♂♂, 8♀♀): 6♂♂, 5♀♀: same data of the Holotype, all in UMCRC; 2♂♂, 2 ♀♀: Philippinen: / N-Mindanao Insel / Mt. Kitanglad / IV.1987; 1 ♀: Philippines – Mindanao / Intavas / (Bukidnon) / January–March 2016 / coll. Bollino, all in MBLI.
Diagnosis
Metapocyrtus (Orthocyrtus) reagani sp. nov. differs from all other species of the subgenus by its unique elytral marking consisting of thick basal bands, a moderately thin median transverse band, and a distorted subtriangular stripe on apical third, and by its stout aedeagus. Contrary to M. (O.) tboli, which has two small spots on each side of the disc, M. (O.) reagani has a transverse median stripe on the pronotum.
Description
Male. Dimensions (in mm): LB 12.5–13.0 (holotype 12.5, ā: 12.71), LR 2.0–2.2 m (2.0, ā: 2.1), WR 1.6–1.9 (1.6 mm, ā: 1.78), LP 4.0–4.1 (4.0, ā: 4.03), WP: 4.7–5.0 (4.7, ā: 4.86), LE 8.0–8.5 (8.0, ā: 8.3), WE 6.0–6.5 (6.0 mm, ā: 6.24). N = 7.
Integument black. Body surface, rostrum, head, and underside with a weak luster.
Body subglabrous.
Head subglabrous, sparsely minutely pubescent, with elongated stripe of metallic, light-yellow and pale-blue, elliptical to round scales on each side below the eye, and light-colored hairs on lateroventral parts; forehead between eyes with sparse metallic, light-yellow and pale-blue, round scales. Eyes medium-sized and moderately convex.
Rostrum weakly rugose and coarsely punctured, longer than wide (LR/WR: 1.25), bearing minute, light-colored, adpressed hairs on dorsum; lateral surface below antennal scrobes moderately covered with short, brownish hairs, which become longer towards apex; transverse basal groove distinct; longitudinal groove along midline faint, slightly depressed on middle and beset with metallic, light-yellow and pale-blue, round scales; dorsum finely punctured; dorsal surface moderately convex; lateral sides with weakly widened apicad. Antennal scape slightly shorter than funicle, moderately covered with fine, light-colored hairs. Funicular segments I and II almost of the same length, twice as long as wide; segments III–VII nearly as long as wide; club subellipsoidal, nearly three times longer than wide.
Prothorax subglobular, slightly wider than long (LP/WP: 0.85), finely punctate, widest at middle, weakly convex, and with the following scaly markings of metallic, light-yellow and pale-blue, round scales: a) fine transverse band at the anterior margin, b) transverse band in the entire width in the middle, and c) broad lateroventral stripe before the coxa confluent with the anterior and medial bands.
Elytra subovate (LE/WE:1.23), slightly wider and twice longer than prothorax (WE/WP: 1.28, LE/LP: 2.0), body surface black, sub-glabrous, finely setiferous punctate, moderately convex; apex with sparse, light-colored, fine hairs. Each elytron with the following scaly markings of metallic, light-yellow to pale-blue, round scales: a) a thick transverse band from stria I to lateral margin slightly constricted on stria V; b) a thin, median, transverse band starting from stria I to stria VIII; c) a distorted subtriangular stripe on apical third; d) a long stripe along lateral margin from behind the middle to apex, confluent with apical stripes.
Legs with strongly clavate femora. Femora sparsely covered with minute, light-colored hairs, with apex sparsely covered with pale-blue, hair-like scales. Tibiae covered with subadpressed, light-colored hairs and long, light-colored bristles along inner margin; tibiae weakly serrate along inner margin. Fore tibiae bear a mucro at apex. Tarsomeres covered with pubescence. Coxae barely pubescent with yellow ochre, round scales on distal end. Mesoventrite covered with light-colored, adpressed hairs. Metaventrite with light-colored, adpressed hairs and light-yellow ochre, round scales at lateral sides. Ventrite I weakly depressed on disc, with light-colored, adpressed hairs and light-yellow ochre, round scales towards lateral margin. Ventrites II–V sparsely covered with adpressed hairs, especially towards margin. Ventrite V flattened, apical half finely densely punctured, interspersed sparsely with pale-blue, hair-like scales. Ventrites I–V with dense and long, light-brown hairs; laterally with sparse, light-colored hairs.
Male genitalia
as shown in Figs
Female. Dimensions (in mm): LB 14.5–14.8 (ā: 14.62), LR 2.5–2.6 (ā: 2.54), WR 2.0–2.2 (ā: 2.08). LP 4.0–4.2 (ā: 4.08). WP 5.0–5.2 (ā: 5.08), LE 10.0–10.3 (ā: 10.12). WE 8.0–8.3 (ā: 8.12). N = 5.
Male genitalia of Orthocyrtus species 13–21: 13–15 Metapocyrtus (Orthocyrtus) regalis sp. nov. 16–18 Metapocyrtus (Orthocyrtus) tboli sp. nov. 19–21 Metapocyrtus (Orthocyrtus) reagani sp. nov.; 13, 16, 19 aedeagus in lateral view 14, 17, 20 idem. in dorsal view 15, 18, 21 sternite IX in dorsal view.
Habitus as shown in Figs
Females differ from males in the following: a) pronotum slightly wider but nearly as long as male (LP/WP 0.8-0.81); b) pronotum imperfectly subglobular and slightly sulcate, and c) elytra imperfectly subovate (LE/WE 1.14- 1.25), longer and wider (WE/WP 1.59–1.6, LE/LP 2.45–2.5) than in male, widest before middle; d) ventrite 1 flattened or slightly convex on disc. Metasternum and Ventrite 1 flattish. Otherwise, female similar to the male.
Etymology
The specific epithet is named after Reagan Joseph Villanueva (Davao, Philippines) for his great contribution in the advancement of insect studies in the Philippines, particularly the order Odonata. Invariable genitive.
Acknowledgements
We wish to express our gratitude to the Dr Guillermo P. Torres for his support in establishing the Coleoptera Research Center; Western Mindanao State University and especially Dr Chona Q. Sarmiento, Dr Melbert T. Sepe, and Kay Piocnacia Ramos, for providing the logistics and manpower for the preliminary beetle assessment in Zamboanga. We are also grateful to DENR for granting us the permit; Sir Treasure Susulan for the help in making the map; Dr Arvids Barševskis for the continuous support, especially during our visit to Ilgas; Dr Hiraku Yoshitake during the first author’s visit to Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan; Dr Klaus-Dieter Klass and Olaf Jäger for their help during the first and second authors’ visit to Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Dresden, Germany.
References
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