Research Article |
Corresponding author: Xian-Jin Peng ( xjpeng@126.com ) Academic editor: Shuqiang Li
© 2016 Wang Liu, Su-Fang Yang, Xian-Jin Peng.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Liu W, Yang S-F, Peng X-J (2016) Two new species of Yaginumaella, Prószyński 1976 from Yunnan, China (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 620: 57-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.620.7895
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The present paper deals with two new species of Yaginumaella, Yaginumaella lushuiensis sp. n. (female and male) and Yaginumaella pseudoflexa sp. n. (female and male). The male of Y. lushuiensis sp. n. differs from the related species Y. flexa Song & Chai, 1992 in ventral view of palpal organ. The female of Y. lushuiensis sp. n. differs from the related species Y. urbanii Żabka, 1981 by: 1) hoods locate at the anterior area of epigynum and far away from the copulatory openings; 2) epigynum about circular; 3) copulatory openings transverse. The male of Y. pseudoflexa sp. n. differs from the related species Y. bulbosa Peng, Tang & Li, 2008 in ventral view of palpal organ: 1) basal portion of embolus touches the margin of genital bulb. 2) distal portion of tibial apophysis covers the posterior margin of cymbium and far away from the margin of genital bulb. The female of Y. pseudoflexa sp. n. differs from the related species Y. urbanii Żabka, 1981 by: epigynum about as long as wide; hoods locate at the anterior area of the epigynum, above the outside area of the copulatory openings and far away from the copulatory openings. Photos of body and copulatory organs, line drawings of copulatory organs, as well as the locality map are provided. Descriptions of morphology are given.
Asia, description, diagnosis, jumping spider, taxonomy
Yaginumaella was established by Prószyński in 1979 with the type species Y. ususudi. A total of 42 species have been described mainly from subtropical Himalayan and Eastern Palaearctic areas (
While examining the specimens collected in the Gaoligong Mountains (Yunnan Province, Southwest China) by the Sino-American Expeditions (1998–2008), two new species of the genus Yaginumaella are found and described in this paper.
All specimens were kept in 75% ethanol, examined, measured, and drawn with an Olympus SZX16 stereomicroscope and an Olympus BX53 compound microscope. Photos were taken with a digital camera Canon PowerShot G12 mounted on an Olympus SZX16. Compound focus images were generated using Helicon Focus software (3.10).
All measurements are given in millimeters. Leg measurements are given as: total length (femur, patella + tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). The abbreviations used in text include:
AER anterior eye row
ALE anterior lateral eyes
AME anterior median eyes
CD copulatory ducts
CO copulatory openings
E embolus
EFL length of eye
H hood
MOA median ocular area
PER posterior eye row
PLE posterior lateral eyes
PME posterior median eyes
S spermatheca
TA tibial apophysis
Females in Yaginumaella have sclerotized blind hoods on epigyne, which are far away from the posterior edge, and differ in size and location. Copulatory ducts are of different length, with an internal ridge in the majority of species. The shape and size of spermathecae differ in various species.
Palpal organ in males rather simple, with end of embolus lying in a special groove on the ventral surface of cymbium usually more or less expanded laterally. Seminal receptacle thick. Cymbium densely covered with setae. Tibial apophysis robust and heavily sclerotized. Species differ in length and shape of embolus, bulb, and cymbium.
Holotype: ♂, China: Yunnan: Lushui County: Pianma Township, 25.99363°N, 98.66651°E, 2470 m, 14 May 2005, C. Griswold. Paratypes: 1♂,4♀, the same data as holotype.
The specific name refers to the type locality, Lushui County.
The male of the new species can be distinguished from all known congeneric species in ventral view of palpal organ by: embolus short, spatuliform; genital bulb without distinct posterior lobe; tibial apophysis extends to the top of genital bulb; embolus about 1/2 length of genital bulb. The female of the new species can be distinguished from all known congeneric species by: epigynum about circular; copulatory openings transverse.
Male (holotype): Total length 4.60. Cephalothorax 2.15 long, 1.75 wide. Abdomen 2.35 long, 1.50 wide. Clypeus height 0.10. Carapace black-brown, with black margin, basal area of each eye, anterior and lateral margins of ocular area black. Thoracic region with two longitudinal dark bands. Marginal areas of carapace, anterior and lateral margins of ocular area densely covered with white hair; ocular area with thick dark brown hair; fovea short, longitudinal and black; cervical groove indistinct, radial groove dark brown. Sternum oval, covered with short brown hair, central area bulged, light yellow with gray edge. Clypeus narrow, height less than the radius of AME, light brown, promargin with white hair. Chelicerae dark brown, with brown hair, two promarginal and one retromarginal teeth (Fig.
Male palp (Figs
Female: Total length 5.00. Cephalothorax 2.40 long, 2.00 wide. Abdomen 2.60 long, 2.10 wide. Clypeus 0.15 high. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.50, ALE 0.25, PLE 0.15, AER 1.60, PER 1.40, EL1.00. Legs yellow. Leg spinnation the same as male. Measurements of legs: I 4.85 (1.50, 1.85, 0.75, 0.75), II 3.85 (1.30, 1.30, 0.75, 0.50), III 4.75 (1.75, 1.3, 1.00, 0.75), IV 4.5 (1.25, 1.75, 1.00, 0.50). Leg formula: 1342. Other morphological characteristics the same as male except more pale in color.
Epigyne (Figs
The male length 4.60–4.80 (n = 2) and the female length 4.80–5.60 (n = 4).
China (Yunnan).
Holotype: ♂, China: Yunnan: Lushui County: Pianma Township, 25.99363°N, 98.61704°E,1780 m, along the road in town 15 May 2005, G. Tang. Paratypes: 1♂, 3♀, the same data as holotype.
The specific name is the combination of the Latin prefix “pseudo” and “flexa”, referring to the similarity of the new species to Y. flexa Song and Chai, 1992.
The male of this new species can be separated from all known congeneric species in ventral view of palpal organ by: basal portion of embolus touches the margin of genital bulb; distal portion of tibial apophysis covers the posterior margin of cymbium and far away from the margin of genital bulb. The female of this new species can be separated from all known congeneric species by: epigynum about as long as wide; copulatory openings almost parentheses-shaped; hoods locate above the outside area of the copulatory openings.
Male (Holotype): Total length 5.40. Cephalothorax 2.60 long, 1.90 wide; Abdomen 2.80 long, 1.70 wide. Clypeus 0.15 high. Carapace brown, with black margin, basal area of each eye, anterior and lateral margins of ocular area black; Marginal areas of carapace and thoracic region with one longitudinal yellow brown band. Marginal areas of carapace, anterior margin of ocular area densely covered with white hair, sparsely covered with brown hairs; fovea short, longitudinal and reddish-brown; cervical groove indistinct, radial groove dark brown. Sternum scutiform, covered with short brown hair, dark brown with gray edge. Clypeus dark brown, with long brown setae. Promargin with dense hair. Chelicerae brown to dark brown, with brown hair; 2 promarginal and 1 retromarginal teeth (Figs
Male palp (Figs
Female: Total length 5.40, Cephalothorax 2.40 long, 1.85 wide. Abdomen 3.00 long, 1.90 wide. Clypeus 0.15 high. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.50, ALE 0.30, PLE 0.25, AER 1.65, PER 1.55, EFL1.00. Measurements of legs: I 4.30 (1.40, 1.70, 0.70, 0.50), II 3.90 (1.30, 1.05, 0.06, 0.50), III 4.80 (1.40, 1.70, 0.90, 0.80), IV 5.20 (1.60, 1.90, 1.00, 0.70). Leg formula: 4312. Other morphological characteristics the same as male, but lightly colored.
Epigyne (Figs
The male length 4.30–5.40 (n = 2) and the female length 4.80–5.80. (n = 3).
China (Yunnan).
We are grateful to Dr. Peter Fritsch (California Academy of Sciences) and Prof. Heng Li (Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science) for supporting the joint biodiversity survey of the Gaoligong Mountains. We thank Guo Tang and Charles Griword for collecting the specimens. Special thanks also should be given to He Lei for her kind help on specimen identification. This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation of the USA through the grant “Biotic survey of the Gaoligongshan, a biodiversity hotspot in western Yunnan, China” (No. DEB-0103795). It is also partly supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC-30970327, 31272271, 31272272), the National Special Fund on Basic Research of Science and Technology of China (No. 2014FY110100), Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11JJ1004/12JJ3028), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0717), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20100471221/201104506), the program of Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Plans (No. 2010RS4006) and by the Hunan Provincial Program for Development of Key Disciplines in Ecology.