New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Kedgwick Rd. at Fog Brook, 47.8367°N, 67.8739°W, 21.VI.2011, R.P. Webster & M. Turgeon // Carex marsh with brook, treading emergent Carex into water (1 sex undetermined, RWC); Summit Lake, 47.7825°N, 68.3199°W, 7.VI.2011, R.P. Webster // Lake margin, Carex marsh, treading Carex hummocks and emergent vegetation (1 sex undetermined, RWC). Ontario, Moosonee, 51.24690°N, 80.68102°W [at sewage lagoon] Rep. 3 mesic, yellow pan 23-26.VI.2010, NBP field party, M3MY331 (1, CNC).

AK, YT, NT, BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB (Bousquet et al. 2013). This species is newly recorded from ON and NB.

Specimens were collected during June by treading emergent Carex into water in a Carex marsh along a lake margin and in a Carex marsh near a small stream. The specimen from ON was captured in a yellow pan trap near a sewage lagoon in June. Campbell (1983) reported this species from similar habitats elsewhere in its range.

New Brunswick, Sunbury Co., Sunpoke Lake, 45.7656°N, 66.5550°W, 18.VI-9.VII.2012, 9-20.VII.2012, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Red oak forest near seasonally flooded marsh, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Quercus rubra (1 ♂, RWC); Sunbury Co., Gilbert Island, 45.8770°N, 66.2954°W, 28.V-12.VI.2012, C. Alderson, C. Hughes, & V. Webster // Hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Juglans cinerea (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 4.V.2004, 16.IV.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in decaying (moldy) corncobs & cornhusks (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); same locality data and collector but 19.VI.2005 // Mixed forest, in dung trap (1 ♀, RWC); 15 km W of Tracy off Rt. 645, 45.6848°N, 66.8821°W, 20.VI-6.VII.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC).

AB, ON, QC, NB, NS (Bousquet et al. 2013).

This species was collected in a red oak (Quercus rubra L.) forest, a hardwood forest on an island, a mixed forest, and a red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) forest. Specimens were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in most of the above forest types, others were found in decaying (moldy) corncobs and cornhusks, and one was collected in a dung (pitfall) trap. Adults were collected in April, May, June, and July.

Originally described from NB, and later reported from a yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) forest in QC by Klimaszewski et al. (2007), an examination of RWC and CNC material revealed additional specimens from NB, as well as from across Canada and the northeastern United States.

Canada, Alberta, Twp 25, Rge 3, W 5 Mer, 13.VII.1998, B.F. & J.L. Carr, Lot 1, pitfall traps baited with dead shrew (1 ♂, CNC); Twp 26, Rge 5, W 5 Mer, 10.VII.1980, B.F. & J.L. Carr, Lot 1, baited pitfall traps north end of slough (2 ♂, CNC); Twp 28, Rge 5, w 5 Mer, 3.VIII.1979, B.F. & J.L. Carr, Lot 3 (1 ♂, CNC); Twp 86, Rge 3, W 6 Mer, 29.VII.1989, B.F. & J.L. Carr, Lot 3, large beaver pond below dam on Montagneuse Lake outlet (1 ♂, CNC); Waterton Lakes National Park, 22.VII.1980, D.E. Bright, pantrap (1 ♂, CNC). British Columbia, Peachland, 17.VIII.1919, J.B. Wallis (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); Yoho National Park, Amiskwi River [near junction of Kiwetinok River], 6000’, 7.VIII.1971, J.M. & B.A. Campbell (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC). Manitoba, 1 km north of Onanole, 29.VIII.1979, S.J. Miller, berlese ex mushrooms, aspen woods (1 ♂, CNC); Riding Mountain National Park [RMNP], 6 km E of Clear Lake, 24.VIII.1979, D.B. Lyons, ex agaric mushrooms (7 ♂, CNC); RMNP, Jet Trail, 21.VIII.1979, D.B. Lyons, ex agaric mushroom (1 ♂, CNC); RMNP, Katherine Lake, 13.VI.1979, D.B. Lyons, ex Russula sp. (5 ♂, CNC); RMNP, Moon Lake, 21.VIII.1979, S.J. Miller, berlese ex mushrooms (6 ♂, CNC); same data except berlese litter under Acer negundo (1 ♂, CNC); RMNP, near refuse pit, 16.VIII.1979, S.J. Miller, berlese ex moose dung (7 ♂, CNC). New Brunswick, Albert Co., Caledonia Gorge P.N.A. [Protected Natural Area], 45.7941°N, 64.7736°W, 13.IX.2011, R.P. Webster // near Crooked Creek, mixed forest (red spruce & yellow birch), in decaying gilled mushrooms (1 ♂, RWC). [Kent Co.], Kouchibouguac Nat. Park [KNP], 29.VIII.1977, G.A. Calderwood, 5902Z (2 sex undetermined, CNC); same data but 5944P (1 sex undetermined, CNC); KNP, 17.IX.1977, J.M. Campbell, 5976V (48 sex undetermined, CNC); same data but 5975U (1 sex undetermined, CNC); KNP, 21.IX.1977, Campbell & Smetana, 6014H (9 ♂, CNC); same data but S.J. Miller, 6018L (1 sex undetermined, CNC). Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 22.IX.2009, R.P. Webster, coll. // Red oak forest, in decaying gilled mushrooms (7 ♂, RWC). Restigouche Co. Gounamitz Rd., near Gounamitz R., 47.6102°N, 67.7902°W, 15.X.2013, R.P. Webster // Old spruce & balsam fir forest, in rotting Tricholoma sp. (1 ♂, RWC). Sunbury Co., Acadia Research Forest, 45.9799°N, 66.3394°W, 18.IX.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Road 7 Control, mature red spruce & red maple forest, in gilled mushroom (1 ♂, RWC). Nova Scotia, Cape Breton Highlands Nat. Park [CBHNP], Aspy River trail, 90 m, PG795856, 23.IX.1984, J.M. Campbell & A. Davies, , ex mushrooms on tree stumps (1 ♀, CNC); CBHNP, Lone Shieling, PG729861, 75 m, 19.IX.1984, J.M. Campbell & A. Davies, ex mushrooms (2 ♀, CNC); CBHNP, Pleasant Bay, 25 m, PG682872, 14.IX.1984, J.M. Campbell & A. Davies, sifting litter & moss (13 sex undetermined, CNC); same data but 21.IX.1984, sifting alder litter (3 sex undetermined, CNC); same data but ex mushrooms (21 sex undetermined, CNC). Ontario, Constance Bay, X.1970, S. Peck (1 ♂, 4 ♀, CNC); 7 km S Westport, Chaffeys Locks Biol. Station, 44°34'08N, 76°19'15W, 23.X.1985, A. Davies, alder-birch litter at edge of marsh (2 ♂, CNC); same data except ex mushrooms in birch litter (4 ♂, CNC); same data except 26.IX.1986, J.M. Campbell & A. Davies, ex Boletus mushrooms (2 ♂, 8 ♀, CNC); same data except 3.X.1986, A. Davies & L. Dumouchel, ex mushrooms (1 ♂, 4 ♀, CNC). Quebec, Gatineau Park, Pinks Lake, 45.4684'N 75.8117'W, A. Davies, 24.IX.1982, berlese mushrooms (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC). USA, Maine, Kennebec Co., Belgrade, 44.474°N, 69.835°W, 17.XII.1983, R.E. Nelson, mixed duff and moss (1 ♂, CNC). New Hampshire, Carroll Co., 6 mi NW Bartlett, Nancy Brook Trail, 1500’, 9.IX.1987, A. Davies & Y. Bousquet, ex Russula mushrooms (6 ♂, 4 ♀, CNC); same data except A. Davies, sifting litter and frass in tree holes (1 ♂, CNC). Coos Co., 2 mi NE Crawford Depot, 2100’, 13.IX.1987, J.M. Campbell & A. Davies, ex mass of mushrooms on large stump (2 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); 17 km S Gorham, Glen Ellis Falls, 1900’, 8.IX.1987, J.M. Campbell & A. Davies, sifting litter by stream (9 ♂, 8 ♀, CNC).

BC, AB, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS (Klimaszewski et al. 2005, Klimaszewski et al. 2007). In Canada, P. acadiensis is newly recorded from BC, AB, ON, and NS and is reported for the first time for the USA from ME and NH. This species is transcontinental in Canada.

In NB, specimens were collected from decaying gilled mushrooms and rotting Tricholoma sp. mushroom in a red oak forest, in mixed forests, and an old spruce (Picea) & balsam fir (Abies balsmea (L.) Mill.) forest. Elsewhere, specimens were found in Boletus mushrooms, agaric mushrooms, Russula sp. mushrooms, a mass of mushrooms on a large stump, from berlese samples from mushrooms, moose dung, and leaf litter, sifted from mushrooms, a pitfall trap baited with dead shrew, sifted from various kinds of litter, such as mixed duff and moss, alder (Alnus) litter, and litter and frass in tree holes. Adults were collected during July, August, September, October, and December with most records from August and September. Little was previously known about the habitat associations of this species.

Canada, New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0879°N, 65.8585°W, 1.X.2013, R.P. Webster // Old Pinus banksiana forest, in rotting gilled mushroom (CNC). Paratypes: New Brunswick, Madawaska Co., near Falls Brook Falls, 47.5877°N, 68.3687°W, 16.X.2013, R.P. Webster & M. Turgeon // Spruce & balsam fir forest, in decaying mushroom (1 ♂, RWC); 47.5877°N, 68.3687°W, 16.X.2013, R.P. Webster // Mature hardwood forest, in decaying Tricholoma sp. (3 ♂, RWC). Restigouche Co., 1.5 km S. of Quebec [border], 425 m elev., 47.9058°N, 68.1505°W, 22.VI.2010, R.P. Webster // Boreal forest, small cold-shaded brook, splashing gravel on gravel bar (1 ♂, RWC); Gounamitz Rd. near Gounamitz R., 47.6102°N, 67.7902°W, 15.X.2013, R.P. Webster // Old spruce & balsam fir forest in rotting Tricholoma sp. (1 ♀, 2 ♂, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 18.X.2007, R.P. Webster // Mixed forest, in decaying (moldy) corncobs & cornhusks (2 ♂, RWC); same data as previous but 15.IV.2004 // mixed forest, in compost (decaying vegetable matter) (1 ♀, RWC). Newfoundland, Little Grand Lake, Bakeapple Brook, 15.VII-25.VIII.1992, old fir, pitfall (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); Corner Brook, Cooks Pond - lower 40y fir, 23-30.VII.1992, pitfall (1 ♀, CNC). Nova Scotia, Cape Breton Highlands Nat. Park [CBHNP], Lone Shieling, 100 m, PG729861, 3-5.VI.1983, H. Goulet, pans, malaise (2 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); same locality, 6-7.VI.1983, H. Goulet, forest malaise (1 ♂, CNC); same locality, 9-10.VI.1983, H. Goulet, forest malaise (1 ♂, CNC); same locality, 19.VI.1983, Y. Bousquet, interception (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); same locality, 25.VI.1983, Y. Bousquet, pans (26 ♂, CNC); same locality, 28.VI.1983, R. Vockeroth, pans, malaise (2 ♂, CNC); same locality, 1.VII.1983, R. Vockeroth, malaise trough (1 ♂, CNC); CBHNP, MacKenzie Mtn., 300 m, PG648868, 11-13.VI.1983, H. Goulet, birch fern pans (1 ♂, CNC); same locality, 22.VI.1983, Y. Bousquet, pans (1 ♂, CNC). Quebec, Old Chelsea, 6.X.1956, J.R. Vockeroth, on Hygrophorus puniceus Fr. (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); Co. Vaudreuil, Rigaud end Ch. de la Croix, 5.V.1988, 950, A. and Z. Smetana (1 ♂, CNC). USA: Kentucky, Edmonson Co., Mammoth Cave Nat. Park, Running Branch Cave, 5.V.1972, S. Peck, Ber 235 (1 ♂, CNC).

This species is named in honor of Cory Hughes (AFC), who worked with us on many of the projects that provided the new records for this paper and many previous publications. Without his assistance, many of these records would not have been possible.

Body length 2.0–2.2 mm, head black, pronotum dark piceous brown and lighter than head; elytra piceous brown, often slightly lighter than pronotum, first two antennal segments testaceous, second segment sometimes darker, remaining segments dark brown becoming slightly darker towards last segment; legs testaceous; forebody and elytra with pubescence sparse, recumbent, directed posteriad; head and pronotum with distinct isodiametric microsculpture throughout, stronger on head, punctures widely spaced, shallow; elytra with punctation coarse, sparse, with little microsculpture, thus appearing glossy; pronotum with lateral margin arcuate in anterior third, then nearly straight to hind margin, hind angle nearly rectangular, narrowly rounded, hind margin sinuate; mesosternum with disc transversely rugose, with anteromedial carinae long, divergent, well-separated; mesosternal process very narrow, spiniform between middle coxae, without carina or pubescence; metasternum distinctly finely scalloped along anterior marginal bead, process very broadly rounded between middle coxae, disc sparsely pubescent; body shape and proportions as in Fig. 1. Male. First segment of front tarsus expanded, remaining segments normal; posterior margin of middle trochanter almost straight, with row of 3–6 short peg setae; middle tibia distinctly arcuate with a series of peg-like setae along apical 2/3 of inner margin; hind trochanter with single peg seta at middle of posterior margin; metasternum with broad glabrous impunctate area in front of hind coxae. Tergite VII triangular in shape, posterior margin rounded at apex (Fig. 3); posterior margin of sternite VII broadly rounded with a deep semicircular emargination (Fig. 4). Median lobe of aedeagus without angular subapical part in lateral view, with dark internal structures as illustrated (Fig. 2). Female. Similar to male but first tarsal segment only slightly expanded; middle tibia nearly straight, inner margin lacking peg-like setae. Tergite VII similar in shape to that of male; sternite VII without emargination.

Figures 1–4. 

Proteinus hughesi Webster & Klimaszewski, sp. n.: 1 male habitus in dorsal view 2 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 3 male tergite VII 4 male sternite VII.

We compared the genitalia of the types of all known North American species and available illustrations of the genitalia of all Palearctic species and found none matching this species which led to the conclusion that this species was undescribed.

This species is recorded in Canada from QC, NB, NF, and NS, and in the USA, from KY.

In NB, this species was found in spruce and balsam fir forests, an old jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest, a mixed forest, and in a “Boreal” forest (spruce and fir). Most adults were found in rotting Tricholoma and other decaying gilled mushrooms. One individual was collected from gravel on a gravel bar along a small shaded brook, two were found among decaying (moldy) corncobs and cornhusks, and one from compost. Adults were collected in April, June, and October. Elsewhere, specimens were collected from malaise traps, pan traps, interception traps, and pitfall traps during May and June.

Alberta, Canmore, 5.VIII.1961, B.F. & J.L. Carr, Lot 3, toadstools in pine + spruce forest, (1 ♂, CNC); Twp 28, Rge 5, W 5 Mer, 10.IX.1981, B.F. & J.L. Carr, Lot 1, fungus & litter in pine, spruce, poplar forest (1 ♂, CNC); same data except 3.VIII.1979, Lot 3, Twp 34, Rge 7, W 5 Mer, 9.VIII.1980, B.F. & J.L. Carr, Lot 1, evergreen logs (1 ♂, CNC). British Columbia, Yoho National Park, Amiskwi River [near junction of Kiwetinok River], 6000’, 7.VIII.1971, J.M. & B.A. Campbell (5 ♂, 4 ♀, CNC). Manitoba, Riding Mountain National Park [RMNP], 6 km E of Clear Lake, 24.VIII.1979, D.B. Lyons, ex agaric mushrooms (18 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); same data except ex pile of rotting mushrooms (2 ♂, CNC); RMNP, Katherine Lake, 13.VI.1979, D.B. Lyons, ex Russula sp. (2 ♂, CNC); RMNP, Moon Lake, 21.VIII.1979, S.J. Miller, berlese ex mushrooms (3 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC). New Brunswick, Madawaska Co., near Falls Brook Falls, 47.5877°N, 68.3687°W, 16.X.2013, R.P. Webster & M. Turgeon // Spruce & balsam fir forest, in decaying mushroom (1 ♂, RWC); Saint John Co., Dipper Harbour, 45.1176°N, 66.3806°W, 24.VIII.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Red spruce & balsam fir forest, in decaying gilled mushrooms (5 ♂, RWC); same data and forest type but 12.IX.2006, on gilled mushrooms (4 ♀, 1 ♂, RWC). Saskatchewan, Hwy. 955, 63 km N La Loche, Clearwater River crossing campground, 4.VIII.1984, B.F. & J.L. Carr, Lot 1, almost dry pine/aspen litter (1 ♂, CNC). Yukon Territory, Dawson City, 11.VII.1968, J.M. Campbell & A. Smetana, sifting old Boletus mushrooms (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); same data except 16.VII.1968, sifted rotten mushrooms (42 ♂, 38 ♀ CNC); Mile 14 W of Dawson, 3000’, 3.VIII.1949, P. Bruggemann (2 ♂, CNC); Marsh Lake, 5.VIII.1987, B.F. & J.L. Carr, Lot 1, in fungus (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC).

Body length 1.5–1.8 mm, head black, pronotum and elytra dark brown and lighter than head; first two antennal segments testaceous, remaining segments dark brown becoming slightly darker toward last segment; legs testaceous; forebody and elytra with pubescence sparse, recumbent, directed posteriad; head and pronotum with distinct isodiametric microsculpture throughout, slightly stronger on head, punctures widely spaced, shallow; elytra with punctation coarse, sparse, with little microsculpture, thus appearing glossy; lateral margin of pronotum broadly arcuate, widest at middle, hind angle obtuse, slightly rounded; hind margin sinuate; mesosternum with disk irregularly rugulose, with anteromedial carinae short, subparallel, well-separated, mesosternal process narrow, with fine, short carina between middle coxae, gradually tapering to acute apex; metasternum depressed along anterior marginal bead, process very broadly rounded between middle coxae, disk sparsely pubescent; body shape and proportions as in Fig. 5. Male. Front tarsus with first tarsomere expanded, twice as long as wide, remaining tarsomeres normal; middle trochanter with posterior margin evenly rounded, without peg setae; middle femur with posterior margin broadly expanded in apical half, with series of 2–4 stout bullet-shaped setae along expansion and one closer to base; middle tibia very broadly arcuate, with small fin-like projection at apex of inner margin, without a series of peg-like setae; hind trochanter densely punctulate; hind tibia with inner margin abruptly narrowing in apical 1/4 in ventral aspect, with sparse short erect setae. Tergite VII triangular in shape, posterior margin truncate at apex (Fig. 8); posterior margin of sternite VII broadly rounded with a shallow semicircular emargination (Fig. 9). Median lobe of aedeagus with angular subapical part in lateral view, with indistinct internal structures as illustrated (Figs 6, 7). Female. Similar to male but first tarsal segment only slightly expanded; middle tibia nearly straight. Tergite VII similar in shape to that of male; sternite VII without emargination.

Figures 5–9. 

Proteinus parvulus LeConte: 5 male habitus in dorsal view 6–7 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 8 male tergite VII 9 male sternite VII.

YK, BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, NB (Bousquet et al. 2013). Proteinus parvulus was described from “Lake Superior” but was reported from localities in ON from that region (Batchewana Bay and Michipicoten River) soon thereafter by Hubbard and Schwarz (1878), which probably represents the material on which LeConte based his description. This species is newly recorded from YK, BC, AB, SK, MB, and NB in Canada. This species is transcontinental in Canada.

In NB, P. parvulus was found in a spruce and fir forest and a red spruce forest. Most specimens were found in decaying gilled mushrooms. Adults were collected in August, September, and October. Elsewhere in Canada, adults were collected during July and August from fungus and litter in a pine, spruce, and poplar (Populus) forest, in toadstools in a pine and spruce forest, in agaric mushrooms, in a pile of rotting mushrooms, in Russula sp. mushrooms, sifted from old Boletus mushrooms and rotting mushrooms, and from mushrooms.

Originally described from NB, and later reported from a yellow birch forest in QC by Klimaszewski et al. (2007), an examination of CNC material revealed additional specimens of this rare species from across Canada, as well as the eastern United States. Additional locality data from NB in the RWC are also included.

Canada, Alberta, Twp 107, Rge 16, W 5 Mer, trail into forest just outside Machesis campground entrance, 25.VII.1989, B.F. & J.L. Carr, in fungus (1 ♂, CNC); Waterton Lakes National Park, Chief Mtn Hwy Km 9, 4500’, 17.VII.1980, H.J. Teskey (1 ♂, CNC). New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Wakefield, Meduxnekeag Valley Nature Preserve, 46.1927°N, 67.6803°W, 16.IX.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 22.IX.2009, R.P. Webster, coll. // Red oak forest, in decaying gilled mushrooms (6 ♂, RWC). Saint John Co., Dipper Harbour, 45.1176°N, 66.3806°W, 24.VIII.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Red spruce & balsam fir forest, in decaying gilled mushrooms (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., Canterbury, trail to “Browns Mtn. Fen”, 45.8954°N, 67.6307°W, 7.IX.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in decaying gilled mushrooms (2 ♀, RWC). Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Loggers Sch. Rd. – U 60y fir, 25.VI-24.VII.1992, pitfall, (1 ♂, CNC). Ontario, 7 km S Westport, Chaffeys Locks Biol. Station, 44°34'08N, 76°19'15W, 23.X.1985, A. Davies, birch + maple litter beside logs (2 ♂, CNC). Quebec, Parc de la Gatineau, Lac Bourgeois, 7.VII.1982, J.E.H. Martin (1 ♂, CNC); same data except 12.VII.1982 (1 ♂, CNC); Parc de la Gatineau, 2 km S Lac Mousseau, 26.V-2.VI.1980, E. Rickey & A. Davies, flight intercept trap at beaver pond (1 ♂, CNC); Parc de la Gatineau, Pinks Lake, 45.4684°N 75.8117°W, A. Davies, 4.IX.1982, berlese mushrooms (1 ♂, CNC). U.S.A., Illinois, Union Co., Pine Hills Field Station, 15-22.V.1967, J.M. Campbell (1 ♂, 7 ♀, CNC). Kentucky, Pennyroyal State Park near Dawson Springs, 22.III.1983, J.M. Campbell (2 ♂, CNC). Pennsylvania, Fulton Co., Cowan Gap State Park, 26-28.V.1981, S. Peck, oak forest UV (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC).

AB, ON, QC, NB, NF (Klimaszewski et al. 2005, Klimaszewski et al. 2007, Bousquet et al. 2013). In Canada, this species is newly recorded from AB, ON, and NF, and is reported for the first time for the USA, based on records from IL, KY, and PA.

In NB, P. pseudothomasi was found in a red spruce and balsam fir forest, a mixed forest, and a red oak forest during August and September. All specimens were found in decaying gilled mushrooms. Elsewhere, specimens were found in fungus, collected from Berlese sample from mushrooms, a flight intercept trap, from birch and maple litter beside logs, and at UV light in an oak forest. Adults were collected from April to October. Little was previously known about the habitat associations of this species.

Canada, New Brunswick, Saint John Co., Dipper Harbour, 45.1169°N, 66.3771°W, 7.V.2006, R.P. Webster // Sea beach, in decaying sea wrack on gravel and sand // PHOTO 2015-007, C. Bourdon (CNC). Paratypes: Manitoba, 1 km north of Onanole, 29.VIII.1979, S.J. Miller, berlese ex mushrooms, aspen woods (2 ♂, CNC); Riding Mountain National Park, near refuse pit, 16.VIII.1979, S.J. Miller, berlese ex moose dung (1 ♀, CNC); same data except 15.VIII.1979, ex mammal burrows (2 ♂, CNC). New Brunswick, Madawaska Co., 47.5984°N, 68.3667°W, 16.X.2013, R.P. Webster // Mature hardwood forest, in decaying Tricholoma sp. (1 ♀, RWC). Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 45.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 24.IV-5.V.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère // red oak forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8207°N, 65.9955°W, 15.VI.2009, R.P. Webster // Black spruce forest with Populus sp., in gilled mushroom (1 ♂, RWC). Saint John Co., same data as holotype (1 ♀ RWC); same data and collector as previous but 15.V.2006 // Upper margin of sea beach, in decaying sea wrack under alders (♀, 1 ♂, RWC). York Co., New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 29.III.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, flight intercept trap adjacent to composter (2 ♂, RWC). Nova Scotia, Cape Breton Highlands Nat. Park, Lone Shieling, PG729861, 100 m, 6-7.VI.1983, H. Goulet, forest malaise (1 ♂, CNC); same data except 9.VI.1983 (1 ♂, CNC); same data except 11-13.VI.1983 (1 ♂, CNC); same data except VII.1983, R. Vockeroth, malaise trap (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); same data except 19.VI.1983, Y. Bousquet, interception (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC). Ontario, 7 km S Westport, Chaffeys Locks Biol. Station, 44°34'08N, 76 °19'15W, 23.X.1985, A. Davies, birch + maple litter beside logs (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Quebec, Parc de la Gatineau, Blind Lake, 8.V.1988, A. & Z. Smetana (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Parc de la Gatineau, visitor centre, 45.5068'N, 75.8161'W, 15-22.IV.1987, J. Denis, J. Huber & A. Davies, emergence trap at woodpile (7 ♂, 7 ♀, CNC); same data except 21-28.IV.1987 (2 ♂, 4 ♀, CNC).

This species is named in honor of Jon Sweeney (AFC). His long-term project on the development of a general attractant for the detection of invasive species of Cerambycidae provided numerous new species records from NB for the Cerambycidae and many other Coleoptera families.

Body length 1.7–2.0 mm, head black, pronotum dark brown and lighter than head; elytra brown to dark brown, lighter than pronotum; first two antennal segments testaceous, remaining segments dark brown becoming darker toward last segment; legs testaceous; forebody and elytra with pubescence sparse, recumbent, directed posteriad; pronotum with microsculpture distinct, dilated on sides and at base, becoming isodiametric near center, punctures widely spaced, shallow; elytra with punctation coarse, sparse, with little microsculpture, thus appearing glossy; pronotum with lateral margin arcuate in anterior two-thirds, then almost straight to hind margin, widest just before hind angle, hind angle obtuse, narrowly rounded, hind margin sinuate; mesosternum with disk irregularly rugulose, with anteromedial carinae forming semi-circular ridge with anteromedial margin, mesosternal process broad, gradually tapering to narrowly rounded apex, with long, very fine median carina; metasternum very broadly rounded between middle coxae, disk sparsely, coarsely pubescent; body shape and proportions as in Fig. 10. Male. Front tarsus with first tarsomere expanded, parallel-sided, 3x as long as wide, as long as next 4 together, remaining segments normal; posterior margin of middle trochanter almost evenly rounded, without peg setae; middle femur with hind margin expanded in apical half, with 2-3 coarse setae on expansion; middle tibia broadly arcuate, inner margin without peg-like setae or projection; hind trochanter explanate, with dense patch of short pile covering half of posteroventral surface; hind tibia expanded in ventral aspect, widest at distal third, inner margin obliquely excavate in apical half, with dense patch of short erect setae near apex. Tergite VII triangular in shape, posterior margin truncate at apex (Fig. 12); posterior margin of sternite VII broadly rounded with a deep semicircular emargination (Fig. 13). Median lobe of aedeagus with an angular subapical part in lateral view, without obvious darkened internal structures, other characters as illustrated (Fig. 11). Female. Similar to male, but first tarsal segment only slightly expanded; middle tibia nearly straight. Tergite VII similar in shape to that of male; sternite VII without emargination.

Figures 10–13. 

Proteinus sweeneyi Webster & Klimaszewski, sp. n.: 10 male habitus in dorsal view 11 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 12 male tergite VII 13 male sternite VII.

This species is known from MB, ON, QC, NB, and NS in Canada.

In NB, this species was found in a red oak forest, mature hardwood forest, black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forest with Populus sp., a mixed forest, and on a sea beach. Specimens were collected from decaying Tricholoma sp., a gilled mushroom, decaying sea wrack, a Lindgren funnel trap, and a flight intercept trap adjacent to a composter. Elsewhere, this species was collected from mushrooms, moose dung, a mammal burrow, birch (Betula) and maple (Acer) litter beside logs, and from an emergence trap at a wood pile; some specimens were captured in malaise and flight intercept traps. Adults were collected from March to October.

We compared the genitalia of the types of all known North American species and available illustrations of the genitalia of all Palearctic species and found none matching this species, which led to the conclusion that this species was undescribed. There are several other species of Proteinus (P. atomarius Erichson, P. basalis Mäklin, P. brachypterus (Fabricius), P. collaris Hatch, P. densipennis Bernhauer, P. limbatus Mäklin [all examined]) reported from Canada, including a number of undescribed species (in CNC), that are mostly western in distribution. However, it is beyond the scope of this publication to present a comparison of our newly described species with all of the other North American species until this genus is revised. We therefore provide comparisons only for the five species known to occur in NB. The external morphology has a limited number of diagnostic features and the shape and structure of the median lobe of the aedeagus are the most reliable for species level identification.

Proteinus hughesi, P. parvulus, and P. sweeneyi are very similar in coloration and general habitus but differ most notably in characters of the pronotum, middle tibia, and the shape of the aedeagus (Figs 2, 6–7, 11) in the males. Males of P. hughesi have a row of peg-like setae along the inner margin of the mesotibia, which are absent in P. parvulus and P. sweeneyi (Fig. 1). The mesotibia of P. parvulus bears a small fin-like projection at the apex of the inner margin (Fig. 5), while in P. sweeneyi the middle tibia is without any modification of the inner margin (Fig. 10). Females are more difficult to separate but they differ in the shape and microsculpture of the pronotum. In P. sweeneyi, the pronotal microsculpture is dilated laterally and basally, becoming isodiametric only near the center; in P. parvulus and P. hughesi, the microsculpture is isodiametric on nearly all of the pronotum. In P. hughesi, the pronotum is widest near the base, with the lateral margins arcuate on the anterior third, then straight to the almost rectangular hind angles; in P. parvulus, the lateral margin is arcuate throughout, with the widest point near the middle and the hind angle is obtuse. Proteinus acadiensis and P. pseudothomasi differ from the above three species by their coloration (light brown or reddish brown), the lack of modification of the middle and hind legs in the males (the middle tibia is arcuate in P. acadiensis), and the shape of the genitalia (see Figs 4, 31, 32 for P. pseudothomasi and Figs 5, 33 for P. acadiensis in Klimaszewski et al. (2005)).

New Brunswick, Queens Co., Grand Lake Meadows P.N.A., 45.8227°N, 66.1209°W, 5-17.VIII.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old silver maple forest & seasonally flooded marsh, Lindgren funnel trap (1, RWC).

AK, YT, BC, AB, ON, NB, NS (Bousquet et al. 2013).

One individual was captured in a Lindgren funnel trap in an old silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) forest. Campbell (1991) reported this species from river debris and moss and leaf litter.

New Brunswick, York Co. 15 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6848°N, 66.8821°W, 16-30.VI.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC).

NB (New North American record). This is the first record of this Palaearctic species for North America. Sepedophilus immaculatus is a common species in Europe, occurring in southeastern, eastern, middle Europe, the southern part of northern Europe to western Siberia, Great Britain south to Algeria, Tunisia, Cyprus, Iran, Lebanon, and Turkey (Schülke & Smetana 2015: 472).

In Europe, S. immaculatus occurs in various forest types and habitats, including beech (Fagus) forest, steppe with shrubbery, mixed hardwood forest, mixed forest, Quercus forest, flood plain forest, Quercus–Carpinus [oak–hornbeam] forest, and stream ravine (Schülke 2011). Specimens were found in leaf litter, a pinewood wood pile, flood debris, in refuse, vinegar trap, chestnut bark, and sifted from litter in a Platanus tree hole in the above habitats.

This adventive species is distinguished from other North American species of Sepedophilus by the distinctively shaped internal structures of the aedeagus (Figs 14–15) (See Schülke 2011 for additional details; Figs 3 & 4, p 1613), with a “corkscrew-shaped” sclerite in the internal sac, and the complete lack of lateral bristles on the abdomen.

Figures 14–17. 

Sepedophilus immaculatus (Stephens): 14 habitus in dorsal view 15 aedeagus in ventral view. Carpelimus difficilis (Casey): 16 habitus in dorsal view 17 aedeagus in ventral view.

New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0879°N, 65.8585°W, 25.VI-9.VII.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Pinus banksiana forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1, RWC).

AK, YT, NT, BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, LB, NF (Bousquet et al. 2013).

One individual was captured in a Lindgren funnel trap in an old jack pine forest. Elsewhere, specimens have been collected from under stones in damp areas, on banks of small streams, in wet moss, from under damp decayed leaves and rubbish, and occasionally in dung and carrion (Campbell 1973).

Bledius basalis was reported by Majka et al. (2008) from Jemseg, NB from moist bare clay in a silver maple forest 70 km inland from the Bay of Fundy. Majka considered this location unusual as this species is typically associated with slightly vegetated sand flats adjacent to the ocean (Herman 1976). This specimen, determined by C. Majka, was re-examined and was found to be B. annularis LeConte, a species previously known from the province. In NB, B. annularis typically occurs on moist clay banks along shaded brooks and rivers (Webster, unpublished). Bledius basalis is accordingly removed from the faunal list of the province.

New Brunswick, Kent Co., Kouchibouguac N.P., South Kouchibouguac Dune, 46.8251°N, 64.9079°W, 19.VII.2014, R.P. Webster // Sand/clay intertidal area behind sand dune, splashing sand/clay (2 ♂, 1 ♀, 8 sex undetermined, RWC; 4 sex undetermined, NBM).

QC, NB, NS, PE, NF (Bousquet et al. 2013).

Specimens were collected by splashing sand/clay in an intertidal area with sparse vegetation behind a barrier sea beach (sand dune).

Examples of each of the Carpelimus species reported below were determined by György Makranczy, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungary. These specimens are currently in the Hungarian Natural History Museum. Other Carpelimus specimens of the species reported below were determined by R.P. Webster, based on the above determinations. The aedeagi of the adventive species were also compared to the illustrations provided by Gildenkov (2015) for additional confirmation. György Makranczy is currently working on a much-needed revision of the North American members of this genus, for which all published records (see below) must be re-examined, as the last revision was by Casey (1889). Eight of the 12 species reported below are new records for Canada. However, until a revision of the Nearctic fauna is completed, we have no idea what the true distributions might be in the rest of the continent, aside from the types and the records reported here. There are at least another 10 species of Carpelimus from NB that cannot be named at this time.

Canada, New Brunswick, Albert Co., Caledonia Gorge P.N.A., 45.8380°N, 64.8484°W, 3.VII.2011, R.P. Webster // near Turtle Creek, old-growth hardwood forest, mossy seepage with some Carex, sifting saturated moss (1 ♂, RWC). Carleton Co., Wakefield [Belleville], Meduxnekeag Valley Nature Preserve, 46.1931°N, 67.6825°W, 14.IX.2005, R.P. Webster // River margin, in flood debris (1 ♀, RWC); Richmond, Hovey Hill Protected [Natural] Area, 46.1157°N, 67.7624°W, 14.V.2006, R.P. Webster // Mixed forest, margin of vernal pond in moist leaves (1 ♀, RWC). Queens Co., near Queenstown, 45.6904°N, 66.1455°W, 13.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Old-growth hardwood forest, in leaf litter near seepage & brook (1 ♂, HNHM). Sunbury Co., Maugerville, Portobello Creek N.W.A., 45.8882°N, 66.4248°W, 5.VII.2005, R.P. Webster // Silver maple swamp, muddy river bank (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8331°N, 66.7410°W, 16.IV.2004, R.P. Webster // Mature red spruce & cedar forest, in moss & litter near brook (1 sex undetermined, RWC); Kingsclear, Mazerolle Settlement, 45.8717°N, 66.8273°W, 28.IV.2006, R.P. Webster // Cedar forest, in leaves on muddy soil near brook (1 ♂, HNHM; 1 ♂, RWC); Rt. 645 at Beaver Brook, 45.6840°N, 66.8679°W, 3.V.2008, R.P. Webster // Red maple/alder swamp, in moist leaves near small vernal pools near small stream (1 ♀, HNHM; 1 ♂, RWC).

NB (New Canadian record). The type series was collected in NC and MD in the USA. Carpelimus difficilis was later reported by Ulke (1902) from the District of Columbia (DC) and by Notman (1920) from NY State, but these records need to be confirmed.

In NB, adults of C. difficilis were usually associated with the margins of streams and vernal ponds in various forest types. Specimens were found in saturated moss in a seepage near a creek in an old-growth hardwood forest, in leaf litter near a seepage and brook in an old-growth hardwood forest, in moss and litter near a brook in a mature red spruce and eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) forest, among leaves on muddy soil near a brook in a cedar forest, in flood debris on a river margin, in moist leaves on a vernal pond margin in a mixed forest, and a red maple (Acer rubrum L.)/alder swamp, and on a muddy river bank. Adults were collected during April, May, July, and September.

Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 26.IX.2008, 19.V.2011, R.P. Webster // Mixed forest, in decaying (moldy) corncobs & cornhusks (1 ♂, HNHM; 3 ♂, RWC).

NB (New North American record).Schülke and Smetana (2015: 786) list this species from much of southern Europe from Russia (Southern Territory) and Yugoslavia south to Algeria and east to the Netherlands and Belgium. Callot (2013) recently cited a record from France, but this was not accepted/seen by Schülke. This species is adventive to NB, possibly via the Mediterranean region, although this is not the typical source of adventive species in the region.

All NB specimens were collected in May and September from decaying (moldy) corncobs and cornhusks, near a plastic composter.

Carpelimus erichsoni is very similar externally to C. bilineatus Stephens (also an adventive species) but has differently shaped internal structures of the aedeagus (Makranczy 2002, Gildenkov 2015).

Figures 18–21. 

Carpelimus erichsoni (Sharp): 18 habitus in dorsal view 19 aedeagus in ventral view. Carpelimus gracilis (Mannerheim): 20 habitus in dorsal view 21 aedeagus in ventral view.

Canada, New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Wild Goose Lake, 420 m elev., 47.8540°N, 68.3219°W, 7.VI.2011, R.P. Webster & M. Turgeon// Lake margin with emergent Carex and grasses, treading Carex and grasses (1 ♀, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 26.IX.2008, R.P. Webster // Mixed forest, in decaying (moldy) corncobs & cornhusks (1 ♂, RWC); same data as before but 2.V.2010 // Mixed forest opening, collected with net during evening flight between 16:30 & 20:00 h (1 ♂, HNHM).

NB (New Canadian record). This Palaearctic species was not recognized by Casey (1889) in his monograph, unless as a synonym, but it was reported from North America the same year by Fauvel (1889) from MI and SC; the last record was by Ulke (1902) as the synonym tenellus (Erichson), from the District of Columbia (DC).

Carpelimus gracilis was collected by treading emergent Carex and grasses on a lake margin, sifted from decaying (moldy) corncobs and cornhusks and collected with an aerial net during evening flight between 16:30 & 20:00 h ADT in a mixed forest opening near a residential area. Adults were collected during May, June, and September.

Canada, New Brunswick, Albert Co., Caledonia Gorge P.N.A., 45.8380°N, 64.8484°W, 3.VII.2011, R.P. Webster // near Turtle Creek, old-growth hardwood forest, mossy seepage with some Carex, sifting saturated moss (1 ♂, RWC). Charlotte Co., 3.0 km NW of Pomeroy Ridge, 45.3059°N, 67.4343°W, 5.VI.2008, R.P. Webster // Alder swamp, in moss hummocks with grasses (2 ♂, RWC). Gloucester Co., near Acadian Historical Village, 47.7849°N, 65.0855°W, 23.V.2010, R.P. Webster // Salt marsh, treading Spartina patens and other grasses near tidal pool (1 ♂, HNHM). Queens Co., ca. 3.5 km W of Lower Gagetown, 45.7497°N, 66.1846°W, 13.V.2008, R.P. Webster // Old red oak/red maple forest, in moist leaves on margin of vernal pond (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., Kingsclear, Kelleys Creek at Sears Rd., 45.8723°N, 66.8414°W, 7.VI.2008, R.P. Webster // Alder swamp with red maple, in moist leaf & grass litter near pools (1 ♂, RWC); 8.5 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6821°N, 66.7894°W, 6.V.2008, R.P. Webster // Wet alder swamp, in moist litter & grass on hummocks near water [vernal pools] (2 ♂, RWC); 9.2 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6837°N, 66.8809°W, 22.V.2008, R.P. Webster // Carex, marsh adjacent to slow [flowing] stream, sifting grass litter near stream (1 ♂, HNHM; 1 ♂, RWC); same data but 2.V.2008 (1 ♀, HNHM).

NB (New Canadian record). This species was described from Cranberry Lake, NY (Notman, 1924: 270). No other localities or data were included at the time and the species has not been reported again until now.

In NB, this species was associated with various wetland habitats. Specimens were sifted from saturated moss in a mossy seepage near a creek in a hardwood forest, found in moss hummocks with grasses in an alder swamp, sifted from moist leaves on a vernal pond margin in an old red oak and red maple forest, sifted from grass litter on muddy soil along a stream, in moist leaf and grass litter near vernal pools in a wet alder swamp, and sifted from grass litter near a slow-flowing stream. One specimen was collected in a salt marsh by treading Spartina patens and other grasses near tidal pool. Adults were collected from April to July.

Figures 22–25. 

Carpelimus lacustris (Notman): 22 habitus in dorsal view 23 aedeagus in ventral view. Carpelimus mundus (Sharp): 24 habitus in dorsal view 25 aedeagus in ventral view.

Canada, New Brunswick York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 12.VII.2006, 26.VIII.2007, 7.IX.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, u.v. light (1 ♂, HNHM; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); same locality data but 29.VIII.2007, R.P. Webster // Mixed forest, in decaying (moldy) corncobs & cornhusks (1 ♀, HNHM).

NB (New North American record). The type locality is Ega (now Tefé, upper Amazon), Brazil (Sharp 1876: 397). Scheerpeltz (1933: 1086; catalog) added Argentina without details. Frank (1982) cited Ecuador. György Makranczy determined specimens of this species and thought that this was a highly unusual record for an essentially tropical species (all other members of this species group are also tropical).

Specimens from NB were collected at u.v. light in a residential yard near a mixed forest. One individual was collected from decaying (moldy) corncobs and cornhusks near a plastic composter.

Carpelimus obesus was newly reported from NB by Klimaszewski et al. (2005) from the Acadia Research Forest in Sunbury Co. These specimens, which are in the AFC and LFC, were re-examined and are not C. obesus. Carpelimus obesus is larger and has different genitalia from any of the Carpelimus specimens captured during the above study. However, none of these specimens can be positively determined to species at this time.

Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Richmond, near Hovey Hill Protected [Natural] Area, 46.1152°N, 67.7632°W, 10.V.2005, R.P. Webster // Mixed forest with cedar, vernal pond in moist leaf litter on muddy soil (1 ♂, 1 ♀, HNHM; 1 ♂, RWC). Queens Co., ca. 3.5 km W of Lower Gagetown, 45.7497°N, 66.1846°W, 13.V.2008, R.P. Webster // Old red oak/red maple forest, in moist leaves on margin of vernal pond (1 ♀, RWC). Sunbury Co., Burton, W of Sunpoke Lake, 45.7590°N, 66.5778°W, 22.IV.2006, R.P. Webster // Red maple swamp, margin vernal pool in leaf litter (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., Canterbury, “trail to Browns Mountain Fen”, 45.9033°N, 67.6260°W, 29.IV.2006, M. Giguère & R. Webster // Red maple swamp, in moist leaf litter near margin of vernal pond (1 ♂, HNHM; 1 ♂, RWC); 8.5 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6821°N, 66.7894°W, 6.V.2008, R.P. Webster // Wet alder swamp, in moist litter & grass on hummocks near water [vernal pools] (2 ♂, 2 ♀, RWC); 9.2 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6837°N, 66.8809°W, 22.V.2008, R.P. Webster // Carex, marsh adjacent to slow [flowing] stream, sifting grass litter near stream (1 ♂, RWC); 9.0 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6889°N, 66.8002°W, 5.IV.2010, R.P. Webster // Old beaver flowage, in grass litter on clay soil near small stream (1 ♂, RWC); Fredericton, Odell Park, 45.9539°N, 66.6666°W, 2-15.V.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Hardwood stand, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under trees (1 ♂, RWC).

NB (New Canadian record). The type locality was NC; the species has not been reported since.

This species was most commonly found among moist leaf litter on vernal pond margins in various forest types, including a mixed forest, red oak and red maple forest, red maple swamps, wet alder swamp, and a hardwood stand. A few were found among grass litter near slow flowing streams. Adults were collected during April and May.

Figures 26–29. 

Carpelimus probus (Casey): 26 habitus in dorsal view 27 aedeagus in ventral view. Carpelimus pusillus (Gravenhorst): 28 habitus in dorsal view 29 aedeagus in ventral view.

Canada, New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8207°N, 65.9961°W, 25.VI.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Black spruce bog, treading vegetation (1 ♂, HNHM). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 26.VII.2005, 9.VII.2006, 26.VII.2007, 26.VIII.2007, 7.IX.2007, 25.IX.2007, 3.IX.2010, R.P. Webster // Mixed forest, u.v. light (1 ♂, HNHM; 4 ♂, 4 ♀, 2 sex undetermined, RWC).

NB (New Canadian record). This Palaearctic species was first reported in North America by Fauvel (1871) and Fauvel (1889) from MA, MI, and TX in the USA, distribution typical for an adventive species; he also included LeConte’s record of subtilis (Erichson) from the “southern and western states”, which LeConte confirmed; the last record of pusillus in North America was by Ulke (1902) from DC.

All but one of the specimens known from NB were collected at a u.v. light in a mixed forest in July, August, and September. One specimen was collected by treading vegetation in a black spruce bog in June.

New Brunswick, Queens Co., Bayard near Nerepis River, 45.4442°N, 66.3292°W, 25.V.2008, R.P. Webster // Pond margin, in moist grass litter on mud (1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 sex undetermined, RWC); Welsford near Nerepis River, 45.4441°N, 66.3300°W, 27.VI.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Margin of oxbow, treading emergent grass into water (1 ♂, RWC). Sunbury Co., Maugerville, Portobello Creek N.W.A., 45.8882°N, 66.4248°W, 16.VII.2004, R.P. Webster // Silver maple swamp, margin of river under litter on muddy soil (1 ♂, RWC). York Co. Fredericton at Saint John River, 45.9598°N, 66.6258°W, 4.VII.2004, 19.VII.2005, R.P. Webster // River margin under drift material (1 ♀, HNHM; 1 sex undetermined, RWC); Kingsclear, Mazerolle Settlement, 45.8729°N, 66.8311°W, 28.IV.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Margin of stream (sun-exposed), in fine gravel/sand near water (2 ♂, RWC); Keswick River at Rt. 105, 45.9938°N, 66.8344°W, 3.VI.2008, R.P. Webster // Silver maple swamp near river margin, in leaf and grass litter on mud/clay soil (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC).

ON, QC, NB (Bousquet et al. 2013).

This species was found on pond, stream, and river margins in moist grass litter on mud, in leaf and grass litter on mud and clay soil, under litter on muddy soil, under drift material, and in fine gravel/sand on a stream margin close to water. One individual was collected by treading emergent grass into water along the margin of an oxbow. Adults were collected during May, June, and July.

Figures 30–33. 

Carpelimus quadripunctatus (Say): 30 habitus in dorsal view 31 aedeagus in ventral view. Carpelimus rivularis (Motschulsky) 32 habitus in dorsal view 33 aedeagus in ventral view.

New Brunswick, Queens Co., Bayard near Nerepis River, 45.4442°N, 66.3292°W, 25.V.2008, R.P. Webster // Pond margin, in moist grass litter on mud (1 ♂, HNHM; 2 ♂, RWC). Saint John Co., Musquash, 45.1837°N, 66.3376°W, 7.V.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Inland margin of salt marsh, in litter on muddy soil (1 ♂, HNHM; 4 ♂, RWC). York Co., Keswick River at Rt. 105, 45.9938°N, 66.8344°W, 3.VI.2008, R.P. Webster // Silver maple swamp near river margin, in leaf and grass litter on mud/clay soil (1 ♂, RWC).

NB (New Canadian record). Carpelimus spretus was synonymized with the Palaearctic C. rivularis (Motschulsky) by Bernhauer and Schubert (1911) and it was cited as such by Schülke and Smetana (2015: 784), although Downie and Arnett (1996) cited C. spretus as a valid species with the type localities (MD, NC, and PA). They also cited C. rivularis as “poorly known”, but with two of the same localities, PA, MD (p. 443). The two species are clearly different and are treated as such here. Notman (1920) recorded rivularis from NY. Hatch (1957) further complicated the matter by including C. rivularis as a synonym of C. bilineatus Stephens from the Pacific Northwest.

Specimens were found on the inland margin of a salt marsh in litter on muddy soil, in moist grass litter on mud on a pond margin near a river, and in leaf and grass litter on mud/clay soil near a river margin in a silver maple swamp. Adults were collected during May and June.

Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Hartland, Hwy 2 at St. John River, 46.3136°N, 67.5376°W, 2.VIII.2004, R.P. Webster // River margin, on moist clay soil among tall grass (1 sex undetermined, RWC). Hartland, Middle Becaguimec Island, 46.3038°N, 67.5333°W, 23.VI.2006, R. Capozi & R. Webster // Margin of Saint John River, among cobblestones near water (1 ♀, RWC); Belleville, Meduxnekeag Valley Nature Preserve, 46.1942°N, 67.6832°W, 2.VI.2008, 9.VI.2008, R.P. Webster // River margin, among small cobblestones set in sand and fine gravel near water’s edge (1 ♂, 1 ♀, HNHM; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); same locality but 46.1931°N, 67.6825°W, 31.V.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // river margin under drift material (1 ♂, HNHM). Queens Co., Grand Lake at Whites Cove, 45.86795°N, 66.06415°W, 4.VIII.2005, R.P. Webster // Lake margin, cobblestone beach, under cobblestones (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., 1.5 km N of Durham Bridge, 46.1408°N, 66.6179°W, 15.VI.2008, R.P. Webster // Nashwaak River, river margin, among cobblestones near outflow of brook 1 ♂, 2 ♀, RWC).

NB (New Canadian record). See comments above regarding Carpelimus spretus and the Palaearctic C. rivularis. Downie and Arnett (1996) cited C. spretus as a valid species with the type localities (MD, NC, and PA). Ulke (1902) recorded C. spretus from DC.

Carpelimus spretus were collected along river margins in NB. Adults were typically found among cobblestones near water’s edge. Adults were collected in June and August.

Figures 34–37. 

Carpelimus spretus (Casey): 34 habitus in dorsal view 35 aedeagus in ventral view. Carpelimus subtilis (Erichson): 36 habitus in dorsal view 37 aedeagus in ventral view.

New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030°N, 68.3503°W, 15-27.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth northern hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., Keswick River at Rt. 105, 45.9938°N, 66.8344°W, 3.VI.2008, R.P. Webster // Silver maple swamp near river margin, in leaf and grass litter on mud/clay soil (2 ♂, 1 ♀ HNHM; 5 ♂, 3 ♀, 2 sex undermined, RWC); Douglas, Currie Mountain, 45.9844°N, 66.7592°W, 3-15.V.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Mixed forest with Quercus rubra, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Q. rubra (1 ♂, AFC).

NB, NS (Bousquet et al. 2013). This Palaearctic species was first reported in North America by LeConte (1877), but this was a misidentification of C. pusillus (q. v.); Ulke (1902) recorded C. subtilis from DC, and Bernhauer and Schubert (1911) listed it from PA and RI, the type locality of Casey’s synonym, C. indigens.

Casey (1889) reported C. indigens as gregarious, on the underside of a stone in the damp bottom of a partially dry ditch. Most NB specimens were sifted from leaf and grass litter on mud/clay soil near a river margin in a silver maple swamp. Two specimens were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in an old-growth northern hardwood forest and a mixed forest. Adults were collected during April, May, and June.

Canada, New Brunswick, Charlotte Co., 5.0 km NW of Pomeroy Ridge, 45.3059°N, 67.4343°W, 5.VI.2008, R.P. Webster // Alder swamp, in moss hummocks with grasses (1 ♂, HNHM; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); 5.2 km NW of Pomeroy Ridge, 45.3087°N, 67.4362°W, 5.VI.2008, 16.VI.2008, R.P. Webster // Red maple swamp, in sphagnum with grasses near vernal pools (1 ♀ HNHM; 1 ♂, 5 ♀, 1 sex undetermined, RWC); 3 km SW of King Brook Lake, 45.3194°N, 67.4414°W, 27.V.2007, R.P. Webster // Wet eastern white cedar, red maple & black ash swamp, in moist litter & moss near small pool (1 ♂, RWC).

NB (New Canadian record). There are no other records of this species aside from the unique type from NJ.

Carpelimus weissi specimens were sifted from moss in moss hummocks, sphagnum near vernal pools, and from moist litter and moss near vernal pools in alder swamps, red maple swamps, and an eastern white cedar swamp with red maple and black ash (Fraxinus nigra Marsh), respectively. Adults were collected during May and June (NB) and August (type).

Figures 38–41. 

Carpelimus weissi (Notman): 38 habitus in dorsal view 39 aedeagus in ventral view. Stenus (Hypostenus) destitutus Puthz: 32 habitus in dorsal view 33 aedeagus in ventral view.

New Brunswick, Madawaska Co., Gagné Brook at First Lake, 47.6077°N, 68.2534°W, 23.VI.2010, M. Turgeon & R. Webster // northern hardwood forest, shaded brook, among gravel on gravel bar, splashing and turning gravel (1 ♂, HNHM; 1 ♂, RWC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A. 47.8010°N, 66.0963°W, 15.VI.2009, R. P. Webster // Cold shaded brook, under cobblestone near brook margin (1 sex undetermined, RWC); Mount Atkinson, 447 m elev., 47.8192°N, 68.2618°W, 21.VII.2010, R.P. Webster // Boreal forest, small shaded spring-fed brook with mossy margin, sifting saturated moss (3 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC).

AK, YT, BC, AB, ON, QC, NB, NF (Bousquet et al. 2013, Makranczy 2014). Makranczy (2014) first recorded this species from NB on the basis of the Gagné Brook record.

Adults of O. planus were found along cold-shaded brooks in northern hardwood, mixed, and boreal forests in NB. Specimens were found in gravel, under cobblestones, and in saturated moss. Adults were collected in June and July.

New Brunswick, York Co. Keswick Ridge, 45.9962°N, 66.8781°W, 13-28.VIII.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Field/meadow, Lindgren funnel trap (1, RWC).

ON, QC, NB (Bousquet et al. 2013).

One individual of this adventive species was captured in a Lindgren funnel trap.

New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, Bell Forest, 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 1-8.VI.2009, R.P. Webster & M.-A. Giguère // Rich Appalachian hardwood forest with some conifers, Lindgren funnel trap (1 sex undetermined, RWC); same locality data, forest type, and trapping method but 7-21.VI.2012, C. Alderson & V. Webster (1 sex undetermined, RWC).

ON, QC, NB (Bousquet et al. 2013).

Both specimens from NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in a hardwood forest.

Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 5.IX.2009, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in pile of decaying corncobs and cornhusks (1, RWC); same locality and habitat data but 3.IX.2010 (4, RWC).

NB (new Canadian record).Puthz (2010) synonymized Edaphus beszedesi Reitter (Type locality Lincoln, Nebraska (Reitter 1914)) with E. lederi, so all previous records of E. beszedesi are E. lederi. Puthz considered this species to be Palaearctic and adventive to North America and reported it from IL and KS in the USA. There is an additional specimen in CNC determined by Puthz from AL, indicating that this species is widespread in the USA. This species is widespread in central and southern Europe and may have been introduced into North America with leaf litter or other vegetable debris (Puthz 1974). Puthz (2010) reported it from Taiwan, where it is adventive. This is the first record of this genus for Canada.

The five specimens of this species from NB were sifted from a pile of decaying, moldy corncobs and cornhusks in September. It was reported from a corncob pile in IL and decaying vegetation in KS (Puthz 1974).

Figure 42. 

Edaphus lederi Eppelsheim: habitus in dorsal view.