Amusurgus fujianensis (=Flospes fujianensis).

The genus name “Flospes” is a Latin word (= flower), which refers to the colorful body of the members of the genus (the fore and median femora are proximally black and distally white, the hind femur bears a dark brown band, and the cercus is black and white).

Head almost as wide as anterior margin of pronotum. Frons slightly convex. Maxillary palpi black and white. Tegmen similar in both sexes (male lack of stridulatory apparatus). The internal tympanum large and long-oval, and the external one replaced by a small pit. The hind tibia bears three pairs of dorsal spurs. The legs and cercus black and white. The lateral lobes of epiphallus rod-like and ectoparamere enormously enlarged (much wider than epiphallic lateral lobe). The apex of female ovipositor expanded, blade-like and reddish brown.

Similar to Amusurgus, the members of them are silent, pubescent and bearing rod-like epiphallic lateral lobes, but the species of the new has colorful legs and cercus, as well as ectoparamere that is enormously enlarged and almost membranous. The new genus is distinguished from Sectus by the absence of stridulatory apparatus and the presence epiphallic lobes. It differs from the genus Metiochodes Chopard, 1932 in that its ectoparamere is enlarged and membranous.

Type locality: China. Guizhou, Rongjiang, Xiaodanjiang. Deposited at Hebei University Museum (HBUM), Hebei, China (not examined).

(Fig. 1). China (Guizhou).

Figure 1. 

Distribution of Flospes species in China.

This species was initially arranged in the genus Metiochodes, and its features of appearance and male genitalia are consistent with the characteristics of the new genus.

China: 3 males, 3 females; Guangdong, Nanling National Nature Reserve, bush leaves, 24.93°N, 113.04°E, 5.VIII.2019, Zhixin He & Tao Zhang, sweep net, leg. (SNNU).

Male (Figs 2A, 4A, C, E, G). Body size small, pubescent. Head small, slightly broader than anterior margin of pronotum. Frons slightly narrower than antennal scape. Eyes large and strongly protruding to sides. Clypeus narrow, upper margin straight, and lower margin medially convex. Labrum shield-like, medially plump, and apically concave. Three apical joints of maxillary palpi distinctly elongate, and fifth joint apically truncated. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin straight, and posterior margin slightly and medially convex. Tegmina pubescent. Six primary veins staggered with numerous transverse veins between them. Visible part of hindwing is half length of tegmen. Internal tympanum large and long-oval, and external one replaced by a small pit. Hind tibia bearing three pairs of dorsal spurs.

Figure 2. 

Habitus photographs of Flospes fujianensis A male B female. Scale bar: 2 mm

Genitalia (Fig. 3A–C). Lateral lobes of epiphallus stick-like, apically blunt, and almost straight in dorsal view. Ectoparamere spoon-like, with sclerotized margin and membranous remainder portion. Rami very short. Ectophallic and endophallic apodemes greatly surpass the rami.

Figure 3. 

Male genitalia of Flospes fujianensis A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view.

Female (Figs 2B, 4B, D, F). Resembles male. Longitudinal veins of tegmen parallel, with a few pale transverse veins forming several rectangular cells (filled with brown). Ovipositor not surpassing hindwings. Dorsal and ventral margins of basal ovipositor smooth and faintly narrowing, and both margins of apical part slightly denticulated and apically bent upwards.

Coloration. Body yellowish-brown. Pronotum brown. Fore and middle femur darkly colored. Hind femur bearing two dark bands (middle one and apical one). Tarsus darkly color. Cercus black and white.

Measurements. Male: BL 5.08–5.73, PL 0.66–0.75, TL 4.00–4.60, HFL 4.22–4.69. Female: BL 5.61–6.42, PL 0.90–1.04, TL 4.28–4.77, HFL 4.59–5.11, OL 2.40–2.74.

(Fig. 1). China (Fujian, Guangdong).

This species was first described from Fujian Province, China. Its primary characteristics are body brown, leg and cercus black and white, tegmen brown, and armed with rod-like lateral lobe on the epiphallus and an enormously enlarged, rounded ectoparamere. He et al. (2010) described some specimens found in Hainan, Zhejiang, and Yunnan provinces as A. fujianensis, but these specimens bear a greenish-brown tegmen and squared ectoparamere. We checked specimens collected from Hainan Province and discovered that they are consistent with the description of “A. fujianensis” in He et al. (2010). Our specimens from Guangdong Province are consistent with the original description of A. fujianensis by Wang et al. (1999). As a result, we redescribe A. fujianensis here from our Guangdong specimens and judge that “A. fujianensis” of He et al. (2010) is a misidentification (see Remarks below under Flospes viridipennis He & Ma, sp. nov.).

Holotype. China: Male, Guangxi, Longzhou, Nonggang National Nature Reserve, bush leaves, 2.X.2021, 22.46°N, 106.96°E, Zhixin He & Ning Wang, sweep net, leg. Paratypes. 1 male, 2 females, same data as holotype (SNNU).

Figure 4. 

Flospes fujianensis comb. nov. A lateral view of male B lateral view of female C male tegmen D female tegmen E face in anterior view F female ovipositor in lateral view G lateral view of hind femur. Scale bars: 0.5mm.

Male (Figs 5A, 6A, 7A, C, E, G). Body size small. Head small, slightly broader than anterior of pronotum. Frons as wide as antennal scape. Eyes large and protruding laterally. Three apical joints of maxillary palpi distinctly elongate, and the fifth joint apically truncated. Pronotum transverse, posterior margin broader than the anterior one. Tegmen extending over abdominal apex, and bearing six staggered primary veins with many transverse veins between them. The visible part of hindwing half length of tegmen. Internal tympanum large and long-oval, and external one shaped like a small pit. The hind tibia bears three dorsal spurs on each side.

Figure 5. 

Habitus (alive) of Flospes guangxiensis sp. nov. on a leaf A male B female.

Genitalia (Fig. 8A–C). Lateral lobes of epiphallus stick-like, apically blunt, and inward curved in dorsal view. Ectoparamere roughly rectangular with the marginal part sclerotized and the remainders membranous. Ectophallic and endophallic apodemes short and not surpass rami.

Figure 6. 

Habitus photographs of Flospes guangxiensis sp. nov. A male B female. Scale bar: 2 mm.

Female (Figs 5B, 6B, 7B, D, F). Resembles male but slightly smaller. Longitudinal veins of tegmen parallel and producing rectangular cells (fill with dark brown) with a few pale transverse veins. Ovipositor not surpassing hindwings. Dorsal and ventral margins of the basal of ovipositor smooth and faintly narrowing, and both margins of apical part slightly denticulated and apically curved upwards.

Figure 7. 

Flospes guangxiensis sp. nov. A lateral view of male B lateral view of female C male tegmen D female tegmen E face in anterior view F female ovipositor in lateral view G lateral view of hind femur. Scale bars: 0.5mm.

Coloration. Body yellowish-brown. Pronotum dark brown. Most of the fore and middle femur darkly colored, but with apex pale. Hind femur medially bears a dark brown band. Tarsus darkly colored. Cercus black and white.

Figure 8. 

Male genitalia of Flospes guangxiensis sp. nov. A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view.

Measurements. Male: BL 5.68–5.93, PL 0.82–0.91, TL 4.22–4.64, HFL 3.82–4.21. Female: BL 5.87–6.21, PL 0.76–0.82, TL 4.21–4.43, HFL 4.07–4.33, OL 2.25–2.51.

The name refers to the province of China where the type locality is located.

(Fig. 1). China (Guangxi).

This species is similar in appearance to F. fujianensis and F. denutilatus but differs in its squared ectoparamere (that of F. fujianensis is round) and blunt apex of epiphallic lateral lobe (that of F. denutilatus is acute). The transverse cells of female tegmen of the new are more darker than that of F. fujianensis.

Type locality: China. Hainan, Ledong, Jianfeng. Deposited at East China Normal University, Biology of History Museum (HSUN), Shanghai, China (not examined).

(Fig. 1). China (Hainan).

This species has very unique male genitalia; the epiphallus is relatively short and the lateral lobe is nearly absent. These features correspond to some other genera of Trigonidiinae (e.g., Sectus and Anaxiphomorpha), and even species of Nemobiinae. This species has been assigned in the genus Sectus according to the genitalic form (Ma and Pan 2019). Because the type species of Sectus bears acoustical devices (tympana and stridulatory vein and mirror, etc.) and can sing, the placement of F. hainanensis, a silent cricket species, in Sectus is unsuitable. The similar appearance of this species with F. fujianensis makes it more suitable to move it to the new genus.

Holotype. China: Male, Hainan, Lingshui, Diaoluoshan National Nature Reserve, bush leaves, 14.IX.2019, 18.66°N, 109.92°E, Zhixin He & Tao Zhang, sweep net, leg. Paratypes. 2 females, same data as holotype; 1 female, Hainan, Wuzhishan National Nature Reserve, bush leaves, 17.IX.2019, Zhixin He & Tao Zhang, sweep net, leg.; 1 male, 2 females, Hainan, Ledong, Jianfengling National Nature Reserve, bush leaves, 20.IX.2019, Zhixin He & Tao Zhang, sweep net, leg. (SNNU).

Male (Figs 9A, 10A, 11A, C, E, G). Body size small. Head small, slightly broader than anterior margin of pronotum. Frons significantly narrower than antennal scape. Eyes large and protruding laterally. Three apical joints of maxillary palpi distinctly elongate, and fifth joint apically truncated. Pronotum transverse, posterior margin conspicuously broader than anterior one. Tegmina extending over abdominal apex, and six primary veins staggered with many transverse veins between them. Visible part of hindwing is half length of tegmen. Internal tympanum large and long-oval, external one shaped as a small pit. Hind tibia bearing three dorsal spurs on each side.

Figure 9. 

Habitus (alive) of Flospes viridipennis sp. nov. on leaf A male B female.

Genitalia (Fig. 12A–C). Lateral lobes of epiphallus stick-like and apically blunt. In dorsal view, these lobes are straight and hirsute on the inner margin. Ectoparamere bifurcated as two rectangular branches, and the upper larger than lower one. Rami arcuate, very long, and surpass ectophallic and endophallic apodemes.

Figure 10. 

Habitus photographs of Flospes viridipennis sp. nov. A male B female. Scale bars: 2 mm.

Female (Figs 9B, 10B, 11B, D, F). Resembles male. Body size slightly larger than male. Longitudinal veins of tegmen parallel and forming rectangular cells with some pale transverse veins (filled yellowish brown). Ovipositor falcate and similar to the species described above.

Figure 11. 

Flospes viridipennis sp. nov. A lateral view of male B lateral view of female C male tegmen D female tegmen E face in anterior view F female ovipositor in lateral view G lateral view of hind femur Scale bars: 0.5mm.

Coloration. Body greenish-brown. Head and pronotum brown. Most of the apical three joints of the maxillary pale and proximally darkly color. Tegmen yellowish-brown with green veins. The hind femur bearing an irregular dark pattern.

Figure 12. 

Male genitalia of Flospes viridipennis sp. nov. A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view.

Measurements. Male: BL 5.95–6.26, PL 0.76–0.86, TL 4.74–4.96, HFL 4.26. Female: BL 5.64–6.15, PL 0.78–0.88, TL 4.74–5.20, HFL 4.45–4.88, OL 1.94–2.19.

The name refers to the green veins of the species.

(Fig. 1). China (Hainan, Zhejiang, Yunnan).

Specimens of this species were identified as A. fujianensis (= S. fujianensis) by He et al. (2010), but this is incorrect. The true A. fujianensis bears brown veins and a rounded ectoparamere apex, whereas those assumed to be A. fujianensis bear green veins and a squared ectoparamere apex. This species is similar with Amusurgus (Amusurgus) xanthoneurus (Chopard, 1940) in having green veins and the pattern of legs and cerci, but differs in the color of the apex of hind femur (black-brown in A. xanthoneurus vs yellow-white in F. viridipennis) and in the distance between Cu1 and Cu2 of the tegmen in females (extremely narrow in A. xanthoneurus vs relatively wide in F. viridipennis).