Ghana – Brong Ahafo Reg. ● 2♂♂1♀; Kintampo, Saunders Waterfall; 8°05'23"N, 1°41'50"W; 19 June 1993; JS Amakye & J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; ZMBN ● 1♂; same collection data as for preceding except 13 Feb. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; sweep net; ZMBN. – Central Reg. ● 4♂♂9♀♀; Kakum Forest Reserve; 5°21'N 1°22'W; 8–15 June 1994; T Andersen leg.; Malaise trap; ZMBN ● 1♂1♀; same collection data as for preceding except 8 Nov. 1994; light trap; ZMBN. – Eastern Reg. ● 1♂; Boti Falls; 6°11'40"N, 0°13'05"W; 24 Feb. 1993; JS Amakye & J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; ZMBN ● 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; UMSP ● 1♂; Kibi, Subri stream; 6°10'N, 0°33'W; 5 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; ZMBN. – Volta Reg. ● 2♀♀; Wli, Agumatsa waterfall, station # 1^A; 7°07'29"N, 0°35'31"E; 5–14 Mar. 1993; JS Amakye & J Kjærandsen leg.; Malaise trap; ZMBN ● 1♂6♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except 12–21 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN ● 2♂♂; same collection data as for preceding except station # 1^B; 11–14 Mar. 1993; JS Amakye & J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN ● 8♂♂; same collection data as for preceding except 12–21 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN ● 3♂♂3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 3^A; 4–13 Mar. 1993; JS Amakye & J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding except 11–20 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN ● 1♂; same collection data as for preceding except station # 3^B; 4–7 Mar. 1993; JS Amakye & J Kjærandsen leg.; UMSP ● 226♂♂95♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 3; 10 Mar. 1993; JS Amakye & J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; UMSP ● 113♂♂438♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except 17 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN ● 1♂1♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 6; 11 Mar. 1993; JS Amakye & J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN ● 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except 20 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN.

The two species included in this subgroup are very similar. The differences, as evident from the original illustrations, lie mostly in the shape and length of the lateral lobes of tergum X, the relative shape of the apices of these lobes, as well as in the more bulbous bases of the phallic spines in C. bispinosa. It is also possible that the overall shape of the inferior appendages in C. cara are slightly more rounded. The specimen illustrated here (Fig. 6A–F) most closely conforms to C. bispinosa and we have identified it as such. Any minor differences from the original illustration should not be accorded significance, at least until the variation within the two known species of the subgroup is better assessed.

Figure 6. 

Chimarra bispinosa Gibbs, ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D inferior appendage, dorsal E inferior appendage, oblique lateral F phallus, lateral.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) light brown, appendages paler, head and prothorax slightly darker (anterior and posterior setal warts pale and contrasting). Head short and rounded (postocular parietal sclerite short). Palps relatively short; maxillary palp with 1^st segment very short (approximately as long as wide), 2^nd segment short (slightly > 2× 1^st), apex with cluster of ~ 12 stiff setae, 3^rd segment moderately elongate, distinctly longer than 2^nd, 4^th segment short (shorter than 2^nd), 5^th segment slightly longer than 3^rd. Forewing length: male, 5.5–7.0 mm; female, 6.5–7.5 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ somewhat sinuous, stem of Rs inflected at past midlength, with distinct node at inflection, extending into cell below, basal fork of discoidal cell distinctly enlarged, fork asymmetric, length of cell slightly > 2× width, fork I subsessile, fork II sessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at fork I, chord nearly linear (s and r-m, crossveins linear, m crossvein diagonal, continuous with r-m), s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m hyaline, 2A with crossvein, (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ narrowly parallel to subcosta, forks I and II subsessile, fork III distal and relatively wide, anal loop small and incomplete (not joining 1A). Forelegs with apical tibial spur short; male with foretarsi unmodified, claws small and symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII relatively short, tergum wider dorsally, sternum without posteroventral projection. Segment IX, in lateral view, short, with anteroventral margin weakly, angularly inflected in basal 1/4, concavely narrowing dorsally; tergum very short dorsally, with short anterior apodemes; dorsal margin very narrow, but continuous mesally between apodemes; posterior margin with inferior appendages mounted relatively high on segment, below mid-height, margin very weakly produced below preanal appendages, basally with short, subtriangular, posteriorly projecting, ventral process; anterior margin of sternum subtruncate as viewed dorsally or ventrally, slightly concave mesally. Lateral lobes of tergum X short and simple in form, without periphallic processes, each lobe with short, acute, preapical lateral projection, basally with very short, digitate process with 2 apical sensilla; mesal lobe of tergum X membranous and divided mesally, continuous with sclerotized lateral lobes. Preanal appendages short and knob-like, slightly flattened, membranous basally. Inferior appendage very short and rounded apically, with weak basal inflection, marginally with elongate setae; as viewed ventrally or caudally, with distinct cusp on mesal surface and very short, mesally directed, basodorsal process. Phallic apparatus relatively short, phallobase tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, ventral margin slightly bulging, with weakly sclerotized ventral projection; endotheca with two short and nearly symmetrically positioned spines, each with enlarged base, membrane not or only weakly textured, phallotremal sclerite complex not evident.

Ghana, Ivory Coast.

Ghana – Central Reg. ● 1♂; Kakum Forest Reserve; 5°21'N 1°22'W; 8–15 Nov. 1994; T Andersen leg.; Malaise trap; UMSP.

Phallobase with ventral apex greatly produced and strongly bent, apex rounded; phallic spines both rather short; inferior appendage tapered, bent, acute apically, cusps of ventromesal margin not evident in lateral view.

Chimarra calundoensis is most similar to and most likely to be confused with either C. dybowskina or C. falcifera. However, diagnoses of other species in the subgroup should be considered to eliminate other possibilities. Chimarra calundoensis resembles C. dybowskina in having the apicoventral lobe of the phallobase strongly bent and in having the dorsal lobe of the inferior appendages at least somewhat bent. It differs in that the ventral apex of the phallobase is rounded, rather than subtruncate, and the dorsal lobes of the inferior appendages are more tapering and less distinctly bent. Additionally, the phallic spines are slightly shorter than in C. dybowskina. We considered synonymizing C. falcifera Jacquemart with C. calundoensis; it seems to differ primarily in having the ventral apex of the phallobase less distinctly bent. However, the illustration of the hind wing of C. falcifera provided by Jacquemart (1966b: fig. 7C) indicates an absence of fork III. This is not the case in C. calundoensis, or any other species of the fallax group investigated. Individual, sometimes unilateral, variations in venational forking are not particularly unusual. The matter should probably be investigated before a synonymy is made.

Figure 7. 

Chimarra calundoensis Marlier, ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage and periphallic processes, caudal D caudal E phallus, lateral.

Adult. Color of head, prothorax, and appendages (in alcohol) yellowish, mesothorax, body, and spurs yellowish brown. Head relatively short (postocular parietal sclerite < 1/2 diameter of eye). Palps relatively short; maxillary palp with 1^st segment very short (approximately as long as wide), 2^nd segment relatively short (< 3× 1^st), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd segment only slightly longer than 2^nd, 4^th segment very short (shorter than 2^nd), 5^th segment subequal to 3^rd. Forewing length: male, 5.4 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ sinuous, stem of Rs inflected at past midlength (with distinct small node at inflection), basal fork of discoidal cell distinctly enlarged, fork asymmetric, length of cell ~ 2× width, fork I strongly subsessile, fork II sessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength, just before fork I, s and r-m, crossveins linear, m crossvein more proximal, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ narrowly parallel to subcosta, forks I and fork II subsessile, fork III distal and relatively wide, anal loop small. Forelegs with apical tibial spur short; male with tarsi unmodified, claws small and symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII with sternum relatively short, ventrally with distinct projection from posterior margin, tergum wider, expanded dorsally (~ 2× width of sternum at base). Segment IX, in lateral view, with anteroventral margin moderately produced, anterior margin with angular inflection in ventral ¼, weakly concave and narrowing dorsally; tergum very short dorsally, with short anterior apodemes, obsolete mesally between apodemes; posterior margin nearly linear; ventral margin sloping, more or less linear, with elongate, narrow ventral process at approximately midlength, apex of process acute as viewed laterally, rounded as viewed ventrally, apicoventral surface of ventral process roughened and file-like; anterior margin of sternum, as viewed dorsally or ventrally, subtruncate, slightly concave mesally. Lateral lobes of tergum X formed into dorsally curved, sclerotized, spine-like processes, bearing two preapical sensilla; mesal lobe of tergum X membranous, moderately elongate; ventrally with strongly projecting, paired, sclerotized, periphallic processes, subtending phallic apparatus. Preanal appendages short and knob-like, constricted basally, membranous basally, but fused laterally to periphallic processes. Inferior appendage with pronounced basal inflection, apex dorsally inflected and strongly narrowing, somewhat posteriorly curved, apex acute; as viewed ventrally, with weakly sclerotized, angular projections or cusps near base and before midlength, projections not or scarcely evident in lateral view; mesal surface without projections or ridges. Phallic apparatus with phallobase tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin very strongly projecting, sclerotized, strongly ventrally deflected, apex of ventral projection more or less evenly rounded, as viewed laterally; endotheca with two relatively short and asymmetrically positioned spines, membrane textured with small spines, phallotremal sclerite complex composed of short rod and ring structure.

Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana.

Cape Verde ● 1♂; Brava, Fajâ d’ Agua; 100 m a.s.l.; 17 Feb. 2007; E Aistleitner leg.; UMSP. Ghana – Central Reg. ● 1♂; Kakum Forest Reserve; 5°21'N, 1°22'W; 8 Nov. 1994; T Andersen leg.; light trap; ZMBN. – Eastern Reg. ● 1♂1♀; Kibi, Subri stream; 6°10'N, 0°33'W; 5 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; ZMBN. – Volta Reg. ● 1♂; Hohoe, Matvin Hotel; 7°09'43"N, 0°28'31"E; 11 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; at light; ZMBN ● 3♀♀; Wli, Agumatsa waterfall, station # 3; 7°07'29"N, 0°35'31"E; 11–20 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; Malaise trap; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 6; ZMBN ● 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 7; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 8; ZMBN ● 5♂♂15♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 3; 17 Nov. 1993; light trap; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 6; 11 Mar. 1993; JS Amakye & J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding except 20 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN ● 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; UMSP ● 1♂3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 10; 19 Nov. 1993; ZMBN ● 3♂♂4♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 12; 16 Nov. 1993; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; UMSP.

Figure 8. 

Chimarra dybowskina Navás, ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, caudal D tergum X and periphallic process, right caudal E phallus, lateral.

Phallobase with ventral margin greatly produced and strongly bent, apex enlarged and subtruncate, dorsal margin slightly upturned; phallic spines both moderately elongate and narrow; inferior appendage with dorsal projection abruptly narrowed, nearly uniform in width and distinctly bent, apex acute, ventromesal cusps of inferior appendage often both evident in lateral view (character possibly variable or inconsistent).

Chimarra dybowskina is most similar to C. calundoensis, C. falcifera, and C. jacquemarti sp. nov. The species are best distinguished by differences in the shape and inflection of the dorsal lobe of the inferior appendages, and by the shape of the apex and inflection of the apicoventral projection of phallobase, as well as in the relative length of the phallic spines. Like both C. calundoensis and C. jacquemarti, the ventral apex of the phallobase is very strongly bent; the apex of the structure is more truncate than in C. calundoensis, but bent slightly upward, rather than downward, as in C. jacquemarti. The dorsal process of the inferior appendages is generally more uniform in width and more strongly bent in C. dybowskina than in the other species, and the cusps of the mesal surface are more likely to be evident in lateral view. The phallic spines are comparable in length to those of C. jacquemarti, but slightly longer than in either C. calundoensis or C. falcifera.

Our illustration closely matches that presented by Gibon (2018), which was based on the holotype of C. dybowskina Navás from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We are less convinced that the illustration of C. dybowskina presented by Malicky (2015b) from Nosy Bé, Madagascar is the same species, although admittedly close. The inferior appendage in his illustration has the general shape and form of C. dybowskina, but the ventral projection of the phallobase is not as strongly deflexed and the apex is rounded, rather than truncate.

Chimarra divergena Gibbs, described from Ghana, has enough of the significant features of C. dybowskina to be considered a synonym, especially the strongly deflexed ventral projection of the phallobase, with its apex subtruncate and slightly upturned. There was no available illustration of C. dybowskina when it was published. The primary difference is that the mesal cusps of the inferior appendage are not apparent in lateral view in the illustration of C. divergena. The difference seems too minor to warrant species status. Chimarra caboverdensis is undoubtedly also a synonym, based on the structure of the ventral apex of the phallobase, which, in the illustration of the type, is clearly truncate apically, with the apex slightly upturned. Examination of a specimen collected from Cabo Verde revealed no distinctive differences from C. dybowskina. Pending further evidence of its species status, we prefer to consider C. caboverdensis Nybom to also be a synonym of C. dybowskina Navás.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) yellowish brown, head and prothorax not lighter, spurs slightly darker. Head relatively short (postocular parietal sclerite ~ 1/2 diameter of eye). Palps relatively elongate; maxillary palp with 1^st segment very short (approximately as long as wide), 2^nd segment moderately elongate (~ 4× 1^st), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd segment slightly longer than 2^nd, 4^th segment short (~ 1/2 length of 3^rd), 5^th segment elongate, slightly shorter than 3^rd and 4^th combined. Forewing length: male, 5.0–6.0 mm; female 5.5–6.5 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ very slightly sinuous, stem of Rs weakly inflected at past midlength (without distinct node at inflection), basal fork of discoidal cell slightly asymmetric, length of cell ~ 2× width, fork I slightly subsessile, fork II sessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength, just before fork I, s and r-m, crossveins linear, m crossvein more proximal, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ narrowly parallel to subcosta, fork I and fork II subsessile, fork III relatively distal, anal loop small. Forelegs with tibial spur distinct; male with foretarsi unmodified, claws small and symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII with sternum short, ventrally with distinct ventral projection, tergum somewhat wider, expanded dorsally. Segment IX, in lateral view, with anteroventral margin moderately produced, anterior margin with angular inflection at approximately ventral ¼, concavely narrowing dorsally; tergum narrow dorsolaterally, with short anterior apodemes, obsolete mesally between apodemes; posterior margin nearly linear; ventral margin sloping, more or less linear, with elongate, narrow ventral process, apex of process acute as viewed laterally, rounded as viewed ventrally, apicoventral surface of ventral process roughened and file-like; anterior margin of sternum subtruncate as viewed dorsally or ventrally, slightly concave mesally. Lateral lobes of tergum X formed into dorsally curved, sclerotized, spine-like processes, bearing two preapical sensilla; dorsum of tergum X moderately elongate, membranous; tergum ventrally with strongly projecting, paired, sclerotized, periphallic processes, subtending phallic apparatus. Preanal appendages short and knob-like, constricted basally, fused laterally to periphallic processes. Inferior appendage with pronounced basal inflection, apex dorsally inflected and strongly narrowed, distinctly posteriorly curved, apex acute; as viewed ventrally, with distinct sclerotized projections near base and before midlength, generally evident in lateral view; mesal surface without projections or ridges. Phallic apparatus with phallobase tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin sclerotized, strongly deflexed and projecting, apex enlarged, subtruncate, with dorsal margin slightly upturned; endotheca with two relatively elongate, asymmetrically positioned spines, membrane textured with small spines, phallotremal sclerite complex composed of short rod and ring structure.

Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Mali, Togo.

Democratic Republic Of The Congo ● 3♂♂; South Kivu, CRSN Lwiro, Kabindi, Guest House, Site 3; 2°14.270'S, 28°42.907'E; 1.668 m a.s.l.; 27 Sept. 2005; UMSP ● 1♂; same collection data as for preceding except 19 Apr. 2006; UMSP.

Chimarra elga is another species in the fallax subgroup belonging to the complex of species with spine-like dorsolateral lobes of tergum X and a phallobase with a projecting and deflexed ventral apex. Among these, C. elga is easily diagnosed by the relatively short, flexed dorsal process of its inferior appendage. It is included in the current paper mostly for comparative purposes.

Figure 9. 

Chimarra elga Mosely, ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral/caudal D phallus, lateral.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) yellowish brown, vertex of head darker than setal warts. Head relatively short (postocular parietal sclerite < 1/2 diameter of eye). Palps moderately elongate; maxillary palp with 1^st segment very short (approximately as long as wide), 2^nd segment moderately elongate (~ 3× 1^st), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd segment slightly longer than 2^nd, 4^th segment short (~ 1/2 length of 3^rd), 5^th segment subequal to 3^rd. Forewing length: male, 5.7–6.6 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ slightly sinuous, stem of Rs inflected at past midlength (with distinct node at inflection, not extending into cell below), basal fork of discoidal cell enlarged, slightly asymmetric, length of cell ~ 2 1/2× width, fork I distinctly subsessile, fork II sessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength, just before fork I, s and r-m, crossveins linear, m crossvein more proximal, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ narrowly parallel to subcosta, forks I and II subsessile, fork III relatively distal, anal loop small. Forelegs with tibial spur distinct; male with foretarsi unmodified, claws small and symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII with sternum relatively short, ventrally with distinct ventral projection, tergum somewhat wider, expanded dorsally. Segment IX, in lateral view, with anteroventral margin moderately produced, anterior margin with rounded projection at approximately ventral ¼, concavely narrowing dorsally; tergum short dorsolaterally, with prominent anterior apodemes, obsolete mesally between apodemes; posterior margin widening below preanal appendages, nearly linear to ventral margin; ventral margin, with elongate, narrow ventral process, apex of process acute as viewed laterally, rounded as viewed ventrally, apicoventral surface of ventral process roughened and file-like; anterior margin of sternum subtruncate as viewed dorsally or ventrally, not or only slightly concave mesally. Lateral lobes of tergum X formed into dorsally curved, sclerotized, spine-like processes, bearing two preapical sensilla; dorsum of mesal lobe of tergum X moderately elongate, membranous; tergum ventrally with strongly projecting, paired, sclerotized, periphallic processes, subtending phallic apparatus. Preanal appendages short and knob-like, constricted basally. Inferior appendage with pronounced basal inflection, apex dorsally inflected, apex of inflection relatively short and strongly narrowed, distinctly posteriorly curved, apex acute; as viewed ventrally, with distinct sclerotized projections near base and before midlength, evident in ventral view, basal projection not evident in lateral view; base very strongly rounded and relatively short; mesal surface without projections or ridges. Phallic apparatus with phallobase tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin sclerotized, strongly deflexed and projecting, apex slight enlarged and rounded; endotheca with two moderately elongate, asymmetrically positioned spines, membrane textured with small spines, phallotremal sclerite complex composed of short rod and ring structure and small apical sclerite.

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya.

Ghana – Central Reg. ● 28♂♂41♀♀; Kakum Forest Reserve; 5°21'N, 1°22'W; 8–15 Nov. 1994; T Andersen leg.; Malaise trap; ZMBN ● 1♂1♀; same collection data as for preceding; UMSP. – Western Reg. ● 5♀♀; Ankasa Game Production Reserve; 5°15'N, 2°37'W; 6–12 Dec. 1993; T Andersen & J Kjærandsen leg.; Malaise trap; ZMBN ● 1♂; same collection data as for preceding except 9 Dec. 1993; light trap; ZMBN.

Figure 10. 

Chimarra fallax (Ulmer), ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, dorsal D segment IX and inferior appendages, ventral E phallus, lateral.

Inferior appendage short and rounded apically; phallobase with ventral apex short and only weakly projecting, not enlarged apically; phallic spines both relatively elongate and narrow, differing in length; periphallic processes fused mesally, comparatively narrow and weakly developed; posteroventral margin of sternum VIII distinctly projecting.

Within the fallax subgroup, the distinguishing feature of this species is the relatively short inferior appendages with apices that appear rounded in lateral view. The only evident difference in the illustrations provided for C. fallax and that of C. lukawei is the more prominent dorsal spine-like projections of tergum X in C. fallax. The difference is minor, and we do not consider it to be of species-level significance.

Within the group of taxa assigned to the fallax subgroup with a spine-like modification to the lateral lobes of tergum X, it is the only species in which the ventral apex of the phallobase is weakly or only moderately projecting; the periphallic processes are also much less developed than in the other species. Thus, it probably represents a basal species of this clade.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) yellowish brown, appendages slightly paler. Head relatively short (postocular parietal sclerite < 1/2 diameter of eye). Palps relatively short; maxillary palp with 1^st segment very short (approximately as long as wide), 2^nd segment moderately elongate, apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd segment subequal to segment 2, 4^th segment short (~ ½ length of segment 2), 5^th segment subequal to 2^nd or 3^rd. Forewing length: male, 5.0–6.0 mm; female 5.5–6.5 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ very sinuous, stem of Rs inflected at past midlength (with distinct small node at inflection), basal fork of discoidal cell distinctly enlarged, fork asymmetric, length of cell ~ 2× width, forks I and II both subsessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength, s and r-m, crossveins linear, m crossvein more proximal, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ reduced, but evident, narrowly parallel to subcosta, forks I and II strongly subsessile, fork III distal and relatively wide, anal loop small. Forelegs with apical tibial spur short; male with tarsal claws unmodified, apical segments of tarsi narrow, claws small and symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII with sternum relatively short, ventrally with distinct projection from posterior margin, tergum slightly longer, expanded dorsally. Segment IX, in lateral view, with anteroventral margin weakly produced, anterior margin with angular inflection in ventral ¼, weakly concave and narrowing dorsally; tergum short dorsolaterally, with short, rounded apodemes, obsolete mesally between apodemes; posterior margin nearly linear; ventral margin sloping, more or less linear, with inferior appendages mounted high on segment (nearly midlaterally), basally with elongate, narrow ventral process near base, apex of process acute as viewed laterally, rounded as viewed ventrally, apicoventral surface of ventral process roughened and file-like; anterior margin of sternum subtruncate as viewed dorsally or ventrally. Lateral lobes of tergum X formed into short, narrow, sclerotized, dorsolaterally curved spine-like processes; dorsum of tergum X relatively short, membranous; tergum ventrally with relatively narrow, projecting, mesally fused, sclerotized, periphallic process, subtending phallic apparatus. Preanal appendages short and knob-like, distinctly flattened, membranous basally, but fused laterally to periphallic process. Inferior appendage relatively short, with pronounced basal inflection, apex dorsally inflected, broadly rounded, cupped (concave on mesal surface); as viewed ventrally, with weakly sclerotized projections near base and before midlength (projections not evident in lateral view); mesal surface without projections or ridges. Phallic apparatus with phallobase tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin not, or only weakly, projecting; endotheca with two asymmetrically positioned spines of moderate length, membrane textured with small spines, phallotremal sclerite complex composed of short rod and ring structure, with small preapical sclerite.

Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Madagascar, Sao Tomé.

Holotype. Ghana – Central Reg. ● ♂ (in alcohol); Kakum Forest Reserve; 5°21'N, 1°22'W; 8–15 Nov. 1994; T Andersen leg.; Malaise trap; UMSP 000550005.

Figure 11. 

Chimarra jacquemarti sp. nov., ♂ genitalia A lateral B caudal C inferior appendage, ventral D phallus, lateral.

Phallobase with ventral apex produced and strongly bent, extreme apex enlarged and bent downward; both phallic spines narrow and elongate; inferior appendage with apex strongly narrowed and only weakly bent, cusps of ventromesal margin not evident in lateral view.

Although similar in overall morphology to other species in the fallax subgroup with acute dorsal processes on tergum X, it is the only species in which the ventral projection of the phallobase has its apex truncate, extending straight on its dorsal margin, but distinctly hooked downward on its ventral margin. This species is most similar to C. dybowskina. Both species are characterized by an elongate and strongly bent ventral projection of the phallobase, which is slightly expanded and subtruncate apically. However, as noted above, C. jacquemarti sp. nov. differs in that the apex of the projection, in lateral view, is strongly compressed and bent down, with the dorsal margin projecting straight, whereas C. dybowskina has the apex truncate or subtruncate, with the dorsal margin bent upward. Although the phallic spines are relatively elongate in both species, those in C. jacquemarti seem to be narrower and slightly more elongate. The general shape of the inferior appendages is also somewhat different.

Adult. Color of head, prothorax, and appendages (in alcohol) yellowish, body and spurs yellowish brown. Head relatively short (postocular parietal sclerite < 1/2 diameter of eye). Palps relatively short; maxillary palp with 1^st segment very short (approximately as long as wide), 2^nd segment moderate in length (distinctly shorter than segment 3), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd segment moderately elongate, 4^th segment very short (~ ½ length of segment 2), 5^th segment subequal to segment 3. Forewing length: male, 5.0 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ very sinuous, stem of Rs inflected at past midlength (with distinct small node at inflection), basal fork of discoidal cell distinctly enlarged, fork asymmetric, length of cell ~ 2× width, fork I somewhat subsessile, fork II approximately sessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength, just before fork I, s and r-m, crossveins linear, m crossvein more proximal, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ reduced, but evident, narrowly parallel to subcosta, forks I and II subsessile, fork III distal and relatively wide, anal loop moderate in size. Forelegs with apical tibial spur prominent; male with tarsal claws unmodified, apical segments of tarsi narrow, claws small and symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII with sternum relatively short, ventrally with distinct projection from posterior margin, tergum longer (~ 2× length of sternum at base). Segment IX, in lateral view, with anteroventral margin moderately produced, anterior margin with angular inflection at approximately ventral ¼, slightly concave and narrowing dorsally; tergum short dorsolaterally, with distinct apodemes, obsolete mesally between apodemes; posterior margin nearly linear; ventral margin sloping, more or less linear, with elongate, narrow ventral process near base, apex of process acute as viewed laterally, rounded as viewed ventrally, apicoventral surface of ventral process roughened and file-like; anterior margin of sternum subtruncate as viewed dorsally or ventrally, slightly concave mesally. Lateral lobes of tergum X formed into dorsally curved, sclerotized, spine-like processes, bearing two preapical sensilla; dorsum of tergum X relatively short, membranous; tergum ventrally with strongly projecting, paired, sclerotized, periphallic processes, subtending phallic apparatus. Preanal appendages short and knob-like, distinctly flattened, membranous basally, but fused laterally to periphallic processes. Inferior appendage with pronounced basal inflection, apex dorsally inflected and strongly narrowing, slightly posteriorly curved, apex acute; as viewed ventrally, with weakly sclerotized projection near base and more strongly sclerotized projection before midlength, projections not or scarcely evident in lateral view; mesal surface without projections or ridges. Phallic apparatus with phallobase tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, somewhat flared apically, apicoventral margin very strongly projecting, sclerotized, and ventrally deflected, apex of ventral projection, as viewed laterally, expanded, dorsal margin extending almost straight, apex truncate, ventral margin distinctly downturned and acute, apex strongly compressed and flattened as viewed ventrally or caudally; endotheca with two elongate, narrow, and asymmetrically positioned spines, membrane textured with small spines, phallotremal sclerite complex composed of short rod and ring structure.

Chimarra jacquemarti, name used as a genitive, for S. Jacquemart, in recognition of his substantial contributions to the description of African caddisflies, including a number of species of Chimarra.

Holotype. Ghana – Volta Reg. ● ♂ (in alcohol); Wli, Agumatsa waterfall, station # 3; 7°07'29"N, 0°35'31"E; 17 Nov. 1993, J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; UMSP 000550006. Paratypes. Ghana – Volta Reg. ● 2♂♂; same data as for holotype; ZMBN. – Central Reg. ● 1♂; Kakum Forest Reserve; 5°21'N, 1°22'W; 8–15 Nov. 1994; T. Andersen leg.; Malaise trap; ZMBN.

Figure 12. 

Chimarra lanceolata sp. nov., ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D inferior appendage, dorsal E phallus, lateral.

Ghana – Central Reg. ● 2♀♀; Kakum Forest Reserve; 5°21'N 1°22'W; 8–15 Nov. 1994; T. Andersen leg.; Malaise trap, ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; UMSP. – Volta Reg. ● 1♀; Wli, Agumatsa waterfall, station # 5^C; 7°07'29"N, 0°35'31"E; 12–15 Mar. 1993, JS Amakye & J Kjærandsen leg.; Malaise trap; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 8^B; 4–7 Mar. 1993; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 3; 10 Mar. 1993; light trap; ZMBN ● 4♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except 18 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN. – Western Reg. ● 1♀; Ankasa Game Production Reserve; 5°15'N 2°37'W; 6–12 Dec. 1993; T Andersen & J Kjærandsen leg.; Malaise trap; ZMBN.

Ventral process of segment IX incredibly elongate; tergum X without spine-like dorsal projection, ventral part completely divided laterally, but not strongly deflexed; inferior appendage mounted at approximately midheight on segment, far above ventral process, dorsal apex strongly narrowed, acute apically, and also very strongly posteriorly bent, ventral cusps visible in lateral view; phallobase with ventral apex extended and sclerotized, but not bent or excessively produced; phallic spines both moderately elongate and narrow; sternum VIII with posteroventral margin weakly produced.

Chimarra lanceolata is most readily identified by the very elongate ventral process of segment IX; the character is so unusual that it would almost appear to be an aberrant or mutation, but there is no evidence of this. Other characters, especially the overall shape of the inferior appendages, are also distinctive for this species and thus it is unlikely to be confused with any other species.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) yellowish brown, appendages paler, tibial spurs slightly darker. Head relatively short (postocular parietal sclerite ~ 1/2 length of eye). Palps moderately elongate; maxillary palp with 1^st segment very short (approximately as long as wide), 2^nd segment short (~ 2× 1^st), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd segment elongate, almost 2× 2^nd, 4^th segment short (shorter than 2^nd), 5^th relatively elongate (longer than 3^rd). Forewing length: male, 6.0–6.5 mm; female, 5.5–6.5 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ somewhat sinuous, stem of Rs weakly inflected at past midlength, basal fork of discoidal cell distinctly enlarged, fork slightly asymmetric, length of cell > 2× width, fork I subsessile, fork II sessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength, just before fork I, s and r-m, crossveins linear, m crossvein more proximal, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ narrowly parallel to subcosta, forks I and II subsessile, anal loop moderate. Forelegs with apical tibial spur distinct; male with foretarsi unmodified, claws small and symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII with sternum relatively short ventrally, with very short, posteriorly-projecting ventromesal projection, tergum slightly longer than sternum. Segment IX, in lateral view, with anteroventral margin distinctly produced, anterior margin with very angular inflection in ventral ¼, almost linearly narrowing dorsally; tergum very short dorsolaterally, with prominent apodemes, obsolete mesally between apodemes; posterior margin with obtuse angular projection at middle, at insertion of inferior appendages, ventral margin with extremely elongate, narrow, posteriorly-projecting, apically acute, ventral projection; anteroventral margin, as viewed dorsally or ventrally, with very distinct mesal invagination. Lateral lobes of tergum X relatively short, each divided midlaterally into short rounded dorsal lobe, with two sensilla at midlength, and somewhat longer ventral lobe; mesal lobe of tergum X short, membranous. Preanal appendages short and knob-like, constricted basally. Inferior appendage with basal inflection and dorsal process; ventral margin with apex acute, mesally curved, not strongly sclerotized; mesal margin below dorsal process with very strongly sclerotized cusp, at least partially visible in lateral view; dorsal projection elongated, narrow, apically acute, very strongly posteriorly bent. Phallic apparatus with phallobase tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin with acute, narrow, sclerotized projection, extending almost straight (not ventrally deflected). Endotheca with two asymmetrically positioned spines of moderate length, membrane textured with small spines, phallotremal sclerite complex composed of short rod and ring structure with short apical sclerite.

Chimarra lanceolata, used as an adjective, from the Latin lanceolatus, meaning spear-like, and referring to lance-like ventral process of segment IX, reminiscent of the elongate lance used in medieval jousting tournaments.

Tanzania – Tanga Reg. ● 1♂; West Usambara Mt., Mazumbai, Kaputu Stream; 4°48'S, 38°30'E; 17–20 Nov. 1990; T Andersen leg.; Malaise trap; UMSP.

Phallobase with ventral apex greatly produced, but only weakly bent, apex slightly enlarged and more or less rounded apically; phallic spines both relatively short; inferior appendage relatively narrow overall, with dorsal projection narrow and tapering, not or only scarcely bent, cusps of ventromesal surface not evident in lateral view.

We are somewhat unsure of our attribution of the specimen illustrated (Fig. 13A–E) here to C. robynsi, especially considering their different provenance. However, among the species of the fallax complex, it has the most slender inferior appendage, with a very narrow dorsal process that is not, or scarcely, bent apically. The slightly narrower dorsal process of the inferior appendage in the illustration by Jacquemart can probably be attributed to a slight difference in the orientation of the specimen when illustrated, as suggested by slightly rotating the specimen. Among the species of the fallax subgroup with an elongate ventral apex to the phallobase, considered here, C. robynsi has the apex least ventrally flexed or bent, possibly similar in this respect to C. falcifera, which was not available for comparison. As noted in the description of C. calundoensis, the hind wing of C. falcifera was illustrated as lacking fork III (Jacquemart 1966b: fig. 7C) which is not true of the specimen illustrated here, in which the fork is prominent, as in Fig. 4B.

Figure 13. 

Chimarra robynsi (Jacquemart), ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D inferior appendage, caudal E phallus, lateral.

Adult. Head, prothorax, and appendages (in alcohol) yellowish; mesothorax and body yellowish brown, spurs slightly darker. Head relatively short (postocular parietal sclerite ~ 1/2 diameter of eye). Palps moderately elongate; maxillary palp with 1^st segment slightly longer than wide, 2^nd segment moderately elongate (~ 3× 1^st), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd segment only slightly longer than 2^nd, 4^th segment short (~ 1/2 length of 3^rd), 5^th segment subequal to 3^rd. Forewing length: male, 7.1 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with stem of Rs rather weakly inflected at past midlength, basal fork of discoidal cell distinctly enlarged, length of cell ~ 2× width, fork I slightly subsessile, fork II sessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength, just before fork I, s and r-m, crossveins linear, m crossvein more proximal, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ narrowly parallel to subcosta, forks I and II subsessile, anal loop small. Forelegs with apical tibial spur distinct; male with foretarsi unmodified, claws small and symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII with sternum relatively short, ventrally with distinct projection from posterior margin, tergum slightly longer. Segment IX, in lateral view, with anteroventral margin moderately produced, anterior margin with angular inflection in ventral ¼, weakly concave and narrowing dorsally; tergum short dorsally, with short anterior apodemes, obsolete mesally between apodemes; posterior margin nearly linear; ventral margin sloping, more or less linear, with elongate, narrow ventral process, apex of process acute as viewed laterally, rounded as viewed ventrally, apicoventral surface of ventral process roughened and file-like; anterior margin of sternum, as viewed dorsally or ventrally, subtruncate, slightly concave mesally. Lateral lobes of tergum X formed into dorsally curved, sclerotized, spine-like processes, with one or two sensilla apically; mesal lobe of tergum X membranous, moderately elongate; ventrally with strongly projecting, paired, sclerotized, periphallic processes, subtending phallic apparatus. Preanal appendages short and knob-like, constricted basally, fused laterally to periphallic processes. Inferior appendage relatively slender and narrow, with pronounced basal inflection, apex dorsally inflected and strongly narrowing, nearly straight, apex acute; as viewed ventrally, with weakly sclerotized, angular projections or cusps near base and before midlength, projections not evident in lateral view; mesal surface without projections or ridges. Phallic apparatus with phallobase tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin very strongly projecting, sclerotized, weakly ventrally deflected, apex of ventral projection more or less rounded, as viewed laterally; endotheca with two relatively short and asymmetrically positioned spines, membrane textured with small spines, phallotremal sclerite complex composed of short rod and ring structure and small apical sclerite.

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania.

Ghana – Volta Reg. ● 1♂ 2♀♀; Wli, Agumatsa waterfall, station # 3; 7°07'29"N, 0°35'31"E; 17 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; ZMBN ● 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; UMSP ● 3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 10; 11 Nov. 1993; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding except 20 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; UMSP.

Figure 14. 

Chimarra togoana (Ulmer), ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D inferior appendage, dorsal E phallus, lateral.

Chimarra togoana is a very distinctive species, readily identified by the elongate, apically flared shape of its inferior appendages, with a distinctive mesal cusp at approximately midlength, and the elongate ventral process of segment IX, which is somewhat inflated apically, but apparently lacks the cluster of apicoventral spines characteristic of species in the ruficeps subgroup. It is only provisionally placed in the fallax subgroup since some of its characters could equally well be used to place it in the ruficeps subgroup. Characters supporting the latter interpretation include the overall shape of segment IX, which is strongly produced anteroventrally and has its ventromesal margin concave, and the distinctly formed and enlarged dorsolateral apodemes of the same segment. Characters supporting its placement in the fallax subgroup include the posteroventral projection of segment VIII. It is also possible that it belongs to a lineage basal to both of those subgroups. The rather simple tergum X, with an apicolateral cleft on each of its lateral lobes, is probably a primitive character; it may be ancestral to both subgroups, if the periphallic processes of the fallax subgroup had their origin as a cleft in each of the lateral lobes of tergum X.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) nearly uniformly yellowish brown. Head relatively short (postocular parietal sclerite ~ 1/2 diameter of eye). Palps relatively elongate; maxillary palp with 1^st segment very short (approximately as long as wide), 2^nd segment short (~ 3× 1^st), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd segment relatively elongate (nearly 2× 2^nd), 4^th segment short (slightly shorter than 2^nd), 5^th segment elongate (nearly as long as 3^rd and 4^th combined). Forewing length: male, 6.2–7.0 mm; female, 6.5–7.5 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ somewhat sinuous, stem of Rs weakly inflected at past midlength, without node at inflection, basal fork of discoidal cell not enlarged, fork nearly symmetric, length of cell ~ 2× width, fork I slightly subsessile, fork II sessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength, just before fork I, s and r-m crossveins linear, m crossvein very distinctly more proximal, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline. 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ narrowly parallel to subcosta, forks I and II strongly subsessile, fork III distal and relatively wide, anal loop small. Foreleg with apical tibial spur distinct; male with foretarsi unmodified, claws small and symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII relatively short, sternum with short, posteriorly projecting, ventromesal projection, tergum slightly longer than sternum. Segment IX, in lateral view, with anterior margin distinctly produced and rounded in ventral ¼, dorsolaterally with prominent rounded apodemes, margin strongly convex between apodemes; tergum continuous dorsally, forming deep, narrow emargination mesally between apodemes; posterior margin broadly convex; posteroventral margin with elongate, narrow, posteriorly-projecting, ventral process, apex of process slightly expanded. Segment IX, in dorsal or ventral views, with anteroventral margin strongly concave. Lateral lobes of tergum X short, each partially divided from posterior margin into dorsal and ventral lobes, dorsal lobe with two sensilla in basal half; mesal lobe of tergum X very short, membranous. Preanal appendages short and rounded, somewhat flattened, constricted basally. Inferior appendage, in lateral view, elongate, projecting, widened and flared apically, distal margin subtruncate; appendage with prominent, sclerotized mesal cusp at approximately midlength, visible in lateral view as notch on ventral margin. Phallic apparatus with phallobase tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin only weakly projecting, endotheca with three spines, one relatively elongate, curved, and strongly sclerotized, other two relatively short, asymmetrically positioned; phallotremal sclerite complex composed of short rod and ring structure with small apical sclerite.

Ghana, Togo.

Ghana – Eastern Reg. ● 4♂♂3♀♀; Kibi, Subri stream; 6°10'N, 0°33'W; 5 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; ZMBN. – Volta Reg. ● 1♂; Kute, River Menu; 7°22'N, 0°36'E; 11 Dec. 1990; JS Amakye leg.; light trap; ZMBN ● 1♂; Wli, Agumatsa waterfall, station # 2^A; 7°07'29"N, 0°35'31"E; 8–11 Mar. 1993; JS Amakye & J Kjærandsen leg.; Malaise trap; ZMBN ● 15♂♂11♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 3; 17 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; ZMBN ● 1♂; same collection data as for preceding except station # 6; 11 Mar. 1993; JS Amakye & J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN ● 1♂; same collection data as for preceding except station # 10; 19 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; UMSP ● 10♂♂2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 15; 5 Dec. 1993; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 19; 9 Dec. 1993; ZMBN. – Western Reg. ● 1♂1♀; Ankasa Game Production Reserve; 5°15'N, 2°37'W; 6–12 Dec. 1993; T Andersen & J Kjærandsen leg.; Malaise trap; ZMBN ● 1♂; same collection data as for preceding except 11 Mar. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; ZMBN ● 10♂♂3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except 5–9 Dec. 1993; T Andersen & J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding except 19 Dec. 1993; UMSP.

Characters, in combination, that confirm the identification and can be used to distinguish C. akana from other species in the subgroup include: the general shape and length of tergum X and position and length of digitate dorsal process; overall shape and length of inferior appendage and shape of apex in lateral view (orientation of appendage is slightly more bowed outward in specimen from Ghana); general shape of segment IX and length and shape of ventral process; details of phallus, especially the pair of curved ventral spines and upturned dorsal apex of phallobase.

The form illustrated here (Fig. 15A–E) closely matches the illustration provided by Gibon (1985: figs 7–8). As compared to the illustration of the species provided by Gibbs (1973: fig.16), the apex of the inferior appendage appears to be more sinuate. This is probably a matter of the orientation of the structure when illustrated (more or less caudal in the specimen illustrated by Gibon (1985: fig. 8), and more ventral in the specimen illustrated by Gibbs (1973: fig.16). For now, we accept Gibon’s illustration as representing this species. Marlier (1980), who synonymized C. wittei Jacquemart with C. kenyana Ulmer, also suggested that C. akana may be synonym of this species. Both of these species would have name priority over C. akana. Unfortunately, the illustrations provided for the species do not provide enough details to make an informed conclusion. The issue, including the synonymy made by Marlier, should be addressed in a future revision of the subgroup.

Figure 15. 

Chimarra akana Gibbs, ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, caudal D phallus, lateral E phallus apex, ventral.

Diagnostic features of C. akana include, in particular, the shape of the inferior appendages which are relatively narrow and strongly bowed, with the apex somewhat narrowed and upturned, as viewed caudally, with the relatively elongate dorsal sensilla-bearing lobes of tergum X and the phallic armature, which includes a pair of ventrally curved spines near the base of the endotheca and also a pair of very narrow spines apically, in addition to the phallotremal sclerite complex. The dorsal margin of the phallobase is also somewhat produced and upturned apically, but only weakly sclerotized, so the feature may not always be evident. As in all species of the kenyana subgroup, the shape of the genital capsule and ventral process of segment IX are also important considerations in making species determinations, even if these features are not absolutely consistent. Compared to other species in the subgroup, C. akana has a relatively short segment IX, with the anteroventral margin produced and a narrow, posteriorly projecting ventral process.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) nearly uniformly yellowish brown. Head relatively short (postocular parietal sclerite < 1/2 diameter of eye). Palps moderately elongate; maxillary palp with 1^st segment very short (slightly longer than wide), 2^nd segment short (~ 2× 1^st), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd segment elongate (~ 1½ × 2^nd), 4^th segment short (slightly shorter than 2^nd), 5^th segment elongate (subequal to 3^rd). Forewing length: male, 4.5–5.2 mm; female, 4.8–5.8 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ somewhat sinuous, stem of Rs inflected at approximately midlength, with distinct node at inflection, extending into cell below, basal fork of discoidal cell enlarged, fork asymmetric, length of cell ~ 2× width, forks I and II slightly subsessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength, just before fork I, m crossvein proximal to s and r-m crossveins, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ narrowly parallel to subcosta, forks I and II subsessile. Foreleg with apical tibial spur short; male with foretarsi modified, claws enlarged, outer claw twisted and asymmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII relatively short, sternum and tergum subequal in length. Segment IX, in lateral view, relatively short, anterior margin distinctly produced and rounded in ventral ¼, dorsolaterally with broad, weakly developed, apodeme; tergum continuous dorsally, forming concave excavation between lateral apodemes; posterior margin very weakly produced below preanal appendage, widening ventrally to level of inferior appendage; ventral margin rounded between anteroventral production and inferior appendage, ventral process midway between, short, narrow, acute apically. Segment IX, in dorsal or ventral views, with anteroventral margin deeply concave mesally. Lateral lobes of tergum X relatively elongate, subtruncately rounded apically, with moderately elongate, digitate, sensilla-bearing process from dorsal margin in basal half; mesal lobe of tergum X elongate, membranous, somewhat shorter than lateral lobes. Preanal appendages small, rounded, constricted basally. Inferior appendage, in lateral view, relatively elongate, narrow, strongly dorsally flexed near base, apex somewhat narrowed, rounded as viewed laterally, with sinuous dorsal inflection as viewed caudally; appendage, in caudal view, very strongly mesally curved. Phallic apparatus with phallobase tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin weakly projecting, dorsal margin somewhat extended, weakly sclerotized, with apex slightly upturned; endotheca with pair of prominent, symmetrical, ventrally curved spines basoventrally, and pair of very narrow, needle-like spines apically; phallotremal sclerite complex composed of moderately elongate rod and ring structure, with relatively elongate, paired apicolateral sclerites, each terminating in a distinct short spine.

Ghana, Ivory Coast.

Holotype. South Africa ● ♂ (pinned); KwaZulu-Natal, Eshowe, Mpushini Falls; 28°54.529'S, 31°26.858'E; 9 Jan. 2000; KM Kjer & RJ Blahnik leg.; UMSP 000172258. Paratypes. South Africa ● 1♂3♀♀; same data as for holotype; UMSP.

Chimarra eshowensis sp. nov. is very similar to C. chicapa Marlier, described from Angola. Both species are distinctive in having relatively short inferior appendages, with their apices little modified and also in having paired, curved, dorsal spines near the base of the endotheca; both were also collected near waterfalls. The differences in the shape of segment IX, forming the genital capsule, length of the dorsal sensilla-bearing processes of tergum X, and particularly the overall shape of the inferior appendages and degree to which their apices are inturned apically, all suggest the two are different species. The assessment is admittedly subjective. The collection of specimens with intermediate character states from intervening areas might warrant a reassessment of their species status.

Figure 16. 

Chimarra eshowensis sp. nov., ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D inferior appendage, dorsal E phallus, lateral F phallus apex, dorsal.

Adult. Overall color dark brown, including appendages, femurs paler. Head relatively short and rounded (postocular parietal sclerite ~ 1/2 diameter of eye). Palps relatively short; maxillary palp with 1^st segment very short (approximately as long as wide), 2^nd segment relatively short (~ 3× 1^st), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd segment slightly longer than 2^nd, 4^th segment short (~ 1/2 length of 3^rd), 5^th segment subequal to 2^nd. Forewing length: male, 4.5–4.8 mm; female, 4.5–5.0 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ somewhat sinuous, stem of Rs weakly inflected at approximately midlength, with distinct node at inflection, extending into cell below, basal fork of discoidal cell enlarged, fork very asymmetric, length of cell ~ 2× width, fork I subsessile, fork II sessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength, just before fork I, m crossvein proximal to s and r-m crossveins, approximately midway between basal fork of M and r-m crossvein, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline, m very faint, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ narrowly parallel to subcosta, forks I and II subsessile. Foreleg with apical tibial spur distinct; male with foretarsi modified, claws enlarged, approximately symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII relatively short, tergum slightly longer dorsally. Segment IX, in lateral view, relatively short, anterior margin distinctly, subangularly produced in ventral ¼, dorsolaterally with broadly rounded, rather weakly developed, apodeme; tergum continuous dorsally, sclerotized region very short, nearly linear between lateral apodemes; posterior margin very weakly produced below preanal appendage, widening ventrally to level of inferior appendage; ventral margin with rather prominent, posteriorly projecting, ventral process, length greater than width at base, apex subangular. Segment IX, in dorsal or ventral views, with anteroventral margin moderately, angularly, invaginated mesally. Lateral lobes of tergum X, in lateral view, moderately elongate, apices rounded, weakly sclerotized, dorsal margin with moderately elongate, posteriorly curved, digitate, sensilla-bearing process at approximately midlength; mesal lobe of tergum X membranous, extending > 1/2 length of lateral lobes. Preanal appendages small, rounded, and somewhat flattened, constricted basally. Inferior appendage, in lateral view, relatively short, dorsally flexed near base, posteriorly recurved near apex, apex not or very little narrowed, rounded as viewed laterally, subtruncate as viewed dorsally or ventrally; appendage, in dorsal or ventral views, only moderately bowed or curved, apices not more so, basomesally with distinct setae. Phallic apparatus with phallobase relatively short, tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin not projecting; endotheca, basodorsally, with pair of prominent, symmetrical, dorsally curved spines; endotheca apically with paired membranous lobes, each terminating in tapering, moderately sclerotized spine; phallotremal sclerite complex composed of moderately elongate rod and ring structure, with elongate, paired, rather weakly sclerotized, dorsal sclerites.

Chimarra eshowensis, used as an adjective and meaning “from Eshowe” in reference to the place of origin of the holotype specimen.

Tanzania – Morogoro Reg. ● 1♂; Uluguru Mts, Kimboza Forest Reserve, Ruvu River; 7°2'S, 37°47'E; 20 Oct. 1990, T Andersen leg.; sweep net; UMSP.

The most diagnostic aspects of Chimarra krugeri, in combination, include the very elongate lateral lobes of tergum X, with apices rounded and dorsal margin more strongly sclerotized, and with a very elongate, digitate, sensilla-bearing process basally; the single, very elongate phallic spine; the shape of segment IX, especially the subtriangular ventral process and prominent anterodorsal apodeme; and the general shape of the inferior appendages, whose apices are somewhat broadened or enlarged, as viewed laterally. The latter character will distinguish it from C. waensis, C. baculifera, and C. camerunensis, all of which also have a basally broad, subtriangular, ventral process on segment IX and elongate digitate processes on tergum X but have the inferior appendages more or less uniformly narrow. Among the species of the kenyana subgroup treated here, C. krugeri is unusual in having a very short discoidal cell in both the fore- and hind wings, with very elongate forks I and II. It is most similar, in this respect, to C. waensis, in which the characters are similar, but not quite as exaggerated.

Figure 17. 

Chimarra krugeri Jacquemart, ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D inferior appendage, dorsal E phallus, lateral.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) nearly uniformly yellowish brown. Head elongate (postocular parietal sclerite subequal in length to diameter of eye). Palps elongate; maxillary palp with 1^st segment very short (slightly longer than wide), 2^nd segment elongate (distinctly longer than 3^rd), apex with cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd segment moderately elongate (normal), 4^th segment short (~ 2× 1^st), 5^th segment elongate (subequal to 3^rd). Forewing length: male, 5.9 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ somewhat sinuous, stem of Rs short, inflected at approximately midlength, with small node extending into cell below, discoidal cell very short, width subequal to length, basal fork not enlarged, forks I and II (of both fore- and hind wings) very elongate, forks petiolate, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at approximately midlength, r-m crossvein of forewing slightly proximal to s, m crossvein proximal to r-m, very near basal fork of M, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ narrowly parallel to subcosta, discoidal cell very small. Foreleg with apical tibial spur short; male with foretarsi modified, claws enlarged and symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII relatively short. Segment IX, in lateral view, relatively short, anterior margin distinctly, subangularly, produced in ventral ¼, dorsolaterally with very prominent, broadly rounded apodeme, margin concave between; tergum very short and narrowly sclerotized, but continuous dorsally, in dorsal view, forming concave excavation between lateral apodemes; posterior margin obliquely and linearly widened from preanal appendage to ventral process; ventral margin extended apically to form very basally wide, weakly projecting, subtriangular ventral process. Segment IX, in dorsal or ventral views, with anteroventral margin moderately concave mesally. Lateral lobes of tergum X very elongate, subtruncately rounded apically, dorsal margin distinctly sclerotized, basodorsally with elongate, posteriorly oriented, digitate, sensilla-bearing process; lateral lobes, in dorsal view, narrowly parallel; mesal lobe of tergum X membranous, nearly as long as lateral lobes, inconspicuous because of closely apposed lateral lobes. Preanal appendages short, constricted basally, knob-like. Inferior appendage, in lateral view, relatively elongate, narrow, strongly dorsally flexed near base, apex distinctly widened, extreme apex weakly notched or bifid, noticeable in some orientations; appendage, in dorsal or ventral views, more or less uniformly mesally curved. Phallic apparatus with phallobase broadly tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin moderately projecting; endotheca with single, very elongate spine, nearly as long as ventral margin of phallobase; phallotremal sclerite complex composed of very short rod and ring structure, with small, paired apicolateral sclerites.

Republic of South Africa, Tanzania.

Holotype. Tanzania – Morogoro Reg. ● ♂ (in alcohol); Morogoro, Teachers College; 6°49'S, 37°42'E; 12 Dec. 1990; T Andersen leg.; sweep net; UMSP 000550015. Paratype. Tanzania – Morogoro Reg. ● 1♂; same data as for holotype; ZMBN.

Chimarra morogoroensis is very similar to C. szunyoghyi Oláh, and we are not completely sure that it is a distinct species. The inferior appendages, tergum X, and the general form of segment IX and its ventral process are more or less identical in the two species. Like C. szunyoghyi and C. tanzaniensis sp. nov., the apex of the inferior appendages is very distinctly developed and acute, more distinctly so in both C. morogoroensis and C. szunyoghyi than in C. tanzaniensis, which usefully distinguishes them. Differences between C. morogoroensis and C. szunyoghyi are found mostly in phallic structures. The differences, however, are qualitative and involve characters that could function in isolating the two species. The primary differences are the elongate, extensible dorsal lobe on the endotheca in C. szunyoghyi, with two small apical spines, and the very much extended and sharply downturned ventral apex of the phallobase in C. morogoroensis. In C. morogoroensis, the dorsal phallic lobe appears to be relatively simple and much shorter, without apical spines, and in C. szunyoghyi, the ventral apex of the phallobase is only very weakly developed and projecting. We consider the differences significant enough to warrant the recognition of two species.

Figure 18. 

Chimarra morogoroensis sp. nov., ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D phallus, lateral E phallus, dorsal.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) medium brown, vertex of head darker than setal warts. Head elongate (postocular parietal sclerite nearly as long as diameter of eye). Palps relatively short, maxillary palp with 1^st segment short (approximately as long as wide), 2^nd segment short (~ 2× length of 1^st), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd elongate (almost 2× length of 2^nd), 4^th segment short (shorter than 2^nd), 5^th segment elongate (subequal to 3^rd). Forewing length: male, 5.9 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ somewhat sinuous, stem of Rs inflected at approximately midlength, with distinct node at inflection, extending into cell below, basal fork of discoidal cell enlarged, very asymmetric, discoidal cell elongate, length greater than two × width, forks I and II sessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength, just before fork I, r-m crossvein nearly continuous with s, m crossvein proximal to s and r-m crossveins, slightly closer to r-m crossvein than basal fork of M, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline, very weakly developed, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ narrowly parallel to subcosta, forks I and II approximately sessile. Foreleg with apical tibial spur short; male with foretarsi not modified.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII relatively short, tergum slightly longer dorsally. Segment IX, in lateral view, moderate in length, anterior margin strongly, angularly produced ventrally, dorsolaterally with distinct rounded apodemes, margin strongly concave between; tergum, in dorsal view, continuous between apodemes, but very short, forming deeply concave excavation; posterior margin short dorsally, weakly, obtusely produced below preanal appendages, more or less linearly widening ventrally to ventral process; posteroventral margin with rather prominent, subtriangular, posteriorly projecting, ventral process, length greater than width at base, apex acute. Segment IX, in dorsal or ventral views, with anteroventral margin deeply concave mesally. Lateral lobes of tergum X moderate in length, rounded apically, with very short, rounded, sensilla-bearing process near dorsal margin at approximately midlength, ventrolaterally with compressed, rounded projection, hardly evident in lateral view, but forming distinct rounded projection, as viewed dorsally; mesal lobe of tergum X membranous, short, only at base of lateral lobes. Preanal appendages short, rounded, constricted basally. Inferior appendage, in lateral view, relatively narrow and short, dorsally flexed near base, with apex forming very distinct spine-like projection, readily visible in both lateral and ventral views; appendage, in dorsal or ventral views, moderately mesally curved, with short basomesal enlargement at basal inflection, apex very prominent and spine-like, somewhat mesally curved. Phallic apparatus with phallobase relatively short and tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin forming a very distinct and strongly ventrally curved projection, apex acute; endotheca membranous, without minute spines, but with three very distinct, moderate elongate spines, one dorsomesal and two lateral, symmetrically positioned; phallotremal sclerite complex composed of moderately elongate rod and ring structure, with pair of distinct, narrow, curved, dorsolateral sclerites.

Chimarra morogoroensis, used as an adjective and meaning “from Morogoro” in reference to the town in Tanzania where this species was collected.

Holotype. Ghana – Volta Reg. ● ♂ (in alcohol); Wli, Agumatsa waterfall, station # 12; 7°07'29"N, 0°35'31"E; 7 Mar. 1993; JS Amakye & J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; UMSP 000550008. Paratypes. Ghana – Volta Reg. ● 1♂; same data as for holotype except station # 10^A; 7–10 Mar. 1993; Malaise trap; ZMBN ● 1♂; same data as for holotype except station # 3; 10 Mar. 1993; light trap; ZMBN ● 4♂♂; same data as for holotype except 17 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN ● 2♂♂; same data as for holotype except station # 6; 11 Mar. 1993; ZMBN ● 1♂; same data as for holotype except 20 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN ● 1♂; same data as for holotype except station # 10; 8 Mar. 1993; ZMBN ● 1♂; same data as for holotype except station # 3; 12 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; sweep net; ZMBN. – Eastern Reg. ● 1♂; Boti Falls; 6°11'40"N, 0°13'05"W; 19 Nov. 1991; J Amakye leg.; light trap; ZMBN ● 1♂; Kibi, Subri stream; 6°10'N, 0°33'W; 5 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; ZMBN. Cameroon ● 20♂♂1♀; Muguka, Victoria Division; 24–29 June 1949; B Malkin leg.; INHS ● 2♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; UMSP ● 1♂; Victoria, British Cameroons; May 1949; B Malkin leg.; INHS. NIGERIA ● 1♂; Cross River State, Ikom, Igoja Prov.; 6 Jan. 1949; B Malkin leg.; INHS.

Figure 19. 

Chimarra pedaliotus sp. nov., ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D inferior appendage, dorsal E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal G phallic armature, dorsal, variant from Cameroon.

Ghana – Eastern Reg. ● 2♀♀; Boti Falls; 6°11'40"N, 0°13'05"W; 19 Nov. 1991; JS Amakye leg.; light trap; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding except 28 Oct.–4 Nov. 1994; T Andersen leg.; Malaise trap; ZMBN ● 8♀♀; Kibi, Subri stream; 6°10'N, 0°33'W; 5 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; ZMBN. – Volta Reg. ● 2♀♀; Hohoe, Matvin Hotel; 7°09'43"N, 0°28'31"E; 11 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; at light; ZMBN ● 1♂; Fodoma, Nubui stream; 7 June 1995; T Andersen & J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; UMSP ● 1♀; Wli, Agumatsa waterfall, station # 3^B; 7°07'29"N, 0°35'31"E; 4–7 Mar. 1993; JS Amakye & J Kjærandsen leg.; Malaise trap; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 9^B; UMSP ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 4^B; 7–10 Mar. 1993; ZMBN ● 5♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 3; 10 Mar. 1993; light trap; ZMBN ● 6♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except 17 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 6; 11 Mar. 1993; JS Amakye & J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN ● 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except 20.xi.1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN ● 12♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 10; 19 Nov. 1993; ZMBN ● 30♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 12; 16 Nov. 1993; ZMBN.

Inferior appendage relatively short, uniform in width in lateral view, apex subacute in ventral view; ventral apex of phallobase expanded, laterally compressed, and ventrally deflexed; phallus with pair of small, curved, symmetrically placed spines; apex of lateral lobe of tergum X subacute.

Chimarra pedaliotus is similar to C. occidentalis Gibon but is easily diagnosed by the very distinctive apex of the phallobase, which is enlarged and rounded, as viewed laterally, and also strongly compressed. Specimens from Cameroon differed slightly in the armature of the phallus, including phallic spines that tended to be bifid apically and were also somewhat larger, and a more elongate apical spine. The differences are rather minor and somewhat variable even in the material examined; on the other hand, the overall similarity is significant. We do not consider the differences significant enough to warrant varietal or species status. Future collecting may require a reassessment of this conclusion.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) yellowish brown. Head short and rounded (length of postocular parietal sclerite ~ 1/2 diameter of eye). Palps relatively short, maxillary palp with 1^st segment very short (length subequal to width), 2^nd segment relatively short (~ 3× 1^st), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd segment slightly longer than 2^nd, 4^th segment short (~ 1/2 length of 3^rd), 5^th segment short (subequal to 2^nd). Forewing length: male, 3.8–5.0 mm; female, 4.5–5.5 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ somewhat sinuous, stem of Rs weakly inflected at approximately midlength, with node at inflection, extending into cell below, basal fork of discoidal cell enlarged, fork very asymmetric, length of cell ~ 2× width, forks I and II slightly subsessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength, just before fork I, m crossvein proximal to s and r-m crossveins, approximately midway between basal fork of M and r-m crossvein, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline and very faint, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ narrowly parallel to subcosta, forks I and II slightly subsessile. Foreleg with apical tibial spur short; male with foretarsi modified, claws enlarged, outer claw twisted and asymmetric.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII moderately elongate, sternum and tergum subequal in length. Segment IX, in lateral view, elongate, anterior margin strongly, subangularly produced in ventral 1/3, dorsolaterally with distinct rounded apodeme, margin strongly convex between; tergum, in dorsal view, continuous between apodemes, but very short, forming deeply concave excavation; posterior margin nearly linear, slightly widening ventrally; ventral margin with rather prominent, posteriorly projecting, ventral process, length greater than width at base, apex subacute. Segment IX, in dorsal or ventral views, with anteroventral margin deeply concave mesally. Lateral lobes of tergum X relatively short, subacute apically, with moderately elongate, posteriorly projecting, digitate, sensilla-bearing process near dorsal margin in basal half; mesal lobe of tergum X membranous, ~ 1/2 length of lateral lobes. Preanal appendages short, rounded, constricted basally. Inferior appendage, in lateral view, only moderately elongate, nearly uniform in width, dorsally flexed near base, with small angular ventral projection at point of inflection, apex incurved and forming short, rounded projection, not visible in lateral view; appendage, in dorsal or ventral views, uniformly and only moderately mesally curved. Phallic apparatus with phallobase tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, dorsal margin tapering and acute apically, but only weakly sclerotized, apicoventral margin forming a broadly rounded and deflexed, laterally compressed and keel-like, sclerotized projection; endotheca relatively short and without minute spines, basally with pair of short, curved, symmetrical, laterally emergent spines; phallotremal sclerite complex composed of moderately elongate rod and ring structure, with narrow, paired, dorsolateral sclerites.

Chimarra pedaliotus, as an adjective from the Greek pedaliotos, meaning “with a rudder,” and referring to the keeled and somewhat rudder-like ventral apex of the phallobase in this species.

Tanzania – Tanga Reg. ● 1♂; West Usambara Mts, Mazumbai, Kaputu Stream; 4°48'S, 38°30'E; 26 Nov. 1990; T Andersen leg.; Malaise trap; UMSP ● 1♂; INHS.

Chimarra szunyoghyi is very similar to C. morogoroensis sp. nov., as discussed in the diagnosis for that species. Both species have general features of the inferior appendages, tergum X, and the general shape of segment IX, including its ventral process, nearly identical. The elongate, acute apical projection on the inferior appendages is usefully diagnostic for both species, and differs from the similar, but shorter, projection found in C. tanzaniensis sp. nov. The primary differences separating C. szunyoghyi from C. morogoroensis are found in structures of the phallic apparatus and include, especially, the elongate, extensible dorsal lobe on the endotheca, found in C. szunyoghyi, which has a pair of small apical spines, and the very elongate and strongly downturned ventral apex of the phallobase found in C. morogoroensis. The dorsal lobe on the endotheca in C. morogoroensis is simpler, much shorter, and lacks apical spines, and the ventral apex of the phallobase in C. szunyoghyi is much shorter. The differences, while minor, are distinctive.

Figure 20. 

Chimarra szunyoghyi Oláh, ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D inferior appendage, dorsal E phallus, lateral.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) medium brown, vertex of head darker than setal warts. Head elongate (postocular parietal sclerite nearly as long as diameter of eye). Palps relatively short, maxillary palp with 1^st segment short (approximately as long as wide), 2^nd segment short (~ 2× length of 1^st), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd elongate (almost 2× length of 2^nd), 4^th segment short (shorter than 2^nd), 5^th segment elongate (slightly longer than 3^rd). Forewing length: male, 5.1 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ somewhat sinuous, stem of Rs inflected at approximately midlength, with distinct node at inflection, extending into cell below, basal fork of discoidal cell enlarged, very asymmetric, discoidal cell moderately elongate, length ~ 2× width, forks I and II slightly subsessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength, just before fork I, r-m crossvein nearly continuous with s, m crossvein proximal to s and r-m crossveins, approximately midway between basal fork of M and r-m crossvein, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline, very weakly developed, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ narrowly parallel to subcosta, forks I and II subsessile. Foreleg with apical tibial spur short; male with foretarsi apparently weakly modified, claws symmetric, slightly enlarged.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII relatively short, tergum slightly longer dorsally. Segment IX, in lateral view, moderate in length, anterior margin strongly, angularly produced ventrally, dorsolaterally with distinct rounded apodeme, margin strongly convex between; tergum, in dorsal view, continuous between apodemes, but very short, forming deeply concave excavation; posterior margin short dorsally, weakly, obtusely produced below preanal appendages, more or less linearly widening ventrally to ventral process; posteroventral margin with rather prominent, subtriangular, posteriorly projecting, ventral process, length greater than width at base, apex acute. Segment IX, in dorsal or ventral views, with anteroventral margin deeply concave mesally. Lateral lobes of tergum X moderate in length, rounded apically, with very short, rounded, sensilla-bearing process near dorsal margin in basal half, ventrolaterally with compressed, rounded projection, hardly evident in lateral view, but forming distinct rounded projection, as viewed dorsally; mesal lobe of tergum X membranous, short, and divided mesally, more extended laterally. Preanal appendages short, rounded, constricted basally. Inferior appendage, in lateral view, relatively narrow and short, dorsally flexed near base, with apex forming very distinct spine-like projection, readily visible in both lateral and ventral views; appendage, in dorsal or ventral views, moderately mesally curved, with short basomesal enlargement at basal inflection, apex very prominent and spine-like, somewhat mesally curved. Phallic apparatus with phallobase relatively short and tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral projection short, acute, only weakly projecting and deflexed; endotheca membranous, without minute spines, but with very elongate, pleated, extensible, membranous lobe with two short apical spines, endotheca also with three very distinct, moderately long spines, one dorsomesal and two lateral, symmetrically positioned, extensible lobe, when extended, as long or longer than ventral margin of phallobase; phallotremal sclerite complex composed of moderately elongate rod and ring structure, with pair of distinct, narrow, curved, dorsolateral sclerites.

Tanzania.

Holotype. Tanzania – Tanga Reg. ● ♂ (in alcohol); West Usambara Mts, Mazumbai, Kaputu Stream; 4°48'S, 38°30'E; 30 Oct. 1990–12 Feb. 1991; T Andersen leg.; Malaise trap; UMSP 000550066. Paratypes. Tanzania – Tanga Reg. ● 11♂♂; same data as for holotype; ZMBN ● 2♂♂; same data as for holotype except 4–12 Feb.1991; UMSP ● 2♂♂; same data as for holotype except 5 Nov. 1990; sweep net; ZMBN.

Chimarra tanzaniensis probably has its overall closest similarity to C. quadrispinosa Jacquemart & Statzner, particularly in the overall shape of segment IX and inferior appendages, which have a very similar shape and acute, spine-like apices. The apices of the inferior appendages also resemble C. szunyoghyi Oláh, but are not quite so pronounced as in that species. Differences from C. quadrispinosa include a less produced posteroventral margin of segment IX, absence of distinct basomesal projections on the inferior appendages, and a different armature of the phallus. The four spines of C. quadrispinosa, based on its illustration, seem to include two prominent, symmetrically placed dorsal spines, which are common among various species of the kenyana group, and two apical spines, possibly elements of the phallotremal sclerite complex. The phallotremal sclerite complex of C. tanzaniensis also has elongate lateral sclerites, but the dorsal spines in this species are very small and occur at the end of a narrow membranous projection, much as that found in C. szunyoghyi. The overall differences are significant enough to warrant the recognition of a new species.

Figure 21. 

Chimarra tanzaniensis sp. nov., ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D inferior appendage, dorsal E phallus, lateral, with dorsal detail of phallotremal sclerite complex.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) dark brown. Head relatively short (postocular parietal sclerite ~1/2 diameter of eye). Palps moderately elongate, maxillary palp with 1^st segment short (length slightly greater than width), 2^nd segment short (~ 2× length of 1^st), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd elongate (~ 2× as long as 2^nd), 4^th segment short (shorter than 2^nd), 5^th segment elongate (subequal to 3^rd). Forewing length: male, 6.0–7.5 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ somewhat sinuous, stem of Rs inflected at approximately midlength, with distinct node at inflection, extending into cell below, basal fork of discoidal cell enlarged, fork asymmetric, discoidal cell elongate, length > 2× its width, forks I and II sessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength, just before fork I, r-m crossvein diagonal, continuous with s, m crossvein proximal to s and r-m crossveins, approximately midway between basal fork of M and r-m crossvein, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ narrowly parallel to subcosta, forks I and II subsessile. Foreleg with apical tibial spur short; male with foretarsi unmodified, or nearly so, claws small and symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII moderate in length, tergum slightly longer dorsally. Segment IX, in lateral view, relatively elongate, anterior margin very strongly produced ventrally, forming rounded lateral projection in ventral 1/3, dorsolaterally with distinct rounded apodeme, margin strongly concave between; tergum, in dorsal view, continuous between apodemes, but very short, forming deeply concave excavation; posterior margin short dorsally, weakly produced below preanal appendages, more or less linear to ventral process; posteroventral margin with prominent, moderately elongate, posteriorly projecting, ventral process, length > 2× width at base, apex acute. Segment IX, in dorsal or ventral views, with anteroventral margin deeply, angularly, concave mesally. Lateral lobes of tergum X moderate in length, relatively wide, with apex partially divided into rounded dorsal and ventral lobes, dorsal lobe with very short, rounded, sensilla-bearing process in basal half; mesal lobe of tergum X membranous, extending ~ 1/2 length of lateral lobes. Preanal appendages short, rounded, constricted basally. Inferior appendage, in lateral view, relatively narrow and short, dorsally flexed near base, with apex forming distinct, short, spine-like projection, visible in both lateral and ventral views; appendage, in dorsal or ventral views, moderately mesally curved, with distinct basomesal enlargement at basal inflection, apex narrowed and spine-like, curvature more or less continuous with lateral margin of appendage. Phallic apparatus with phallobase moderate in length and tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin with distinct, ventrally curved projection, apex acute; endotheca membranous, without minute spines, but with narrow membranous dorsal lobe, with small apical spine; phallotremal sclerite complex composed of moderately elongate rod and ring structure, with pair of distinct, narrow, curved, dorsolateral sclerites.

Chimarra tanzaniensis, used as an adjective and meaning “from Tanzania,” in reference to the country of origin of the holotype specimen.

Ghana – Western Reg. ● 1♂; Ankasa Game Production Reserve; 5°15'N, 2°37'W; 11 Dec. 1993; T Andersen & J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; UMSP ● 12♂♂9♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except 5–9 Dec. 1993; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; UMSP ● 3♂♂; same collection data as for preceding except 31 Apr. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN ● 2♂♂; same collection data as for preceding except 6–12 Dec. 1993; Malaise trap; ZMBN.

Characters, in combination, that confirm the identification and can be used to distinguish C. triangularis occidentalis from the nominate subspecies and other species in the subgroup include: the general shape of inferior appendages, shape of segment IX and ventral process, relatively short tergum X and length of sensilla-bearing process, and presence of large apical phallic spine.

Chimarra triangularis occidentalis was considered a subspecies of C. triangularis Kimmins when described by Gibon, probably because of the overall similarity between the two forms in the shape of the inferior appendages, length of tergum X, and similarity of its phallic armature. Kimmins described C. triangularis as having two sets of paired inclusions in the phallus and two single, unpaired inclusions. One of the sets of paired inclusions and one of the unpaired inclusions seem to be elements of the phallotremal sclerite complex, including a central rod and ring structure and paired lateral sclerites. The other inclusions include a set of small, paired spines, common in members of the kenyana subgroup, and an unpaired apical spine-like sclerite. Gibon described the subspecies based mainly on differences in the phallic armature, including a larger unpaired spine than that found in the nominate form. We have used this as the basis for identifying the form illustrated here as C. triangularis occidentalis (Fig. 22A–G), in addition to its relatively proximate geographic location. The nominotypical form was described from Ethiopia, on the other side of the African continent. The apical spine is somewhat unusual, very lightly sclerotized, and appearing somewhat feathered or striated. Its apical part appears wider in lateral view than in dorsal view, suggesting that it is somewhat blade-like. We are uncertain about the species or varietal status of this form, as distinct from the form described by Kimmins.

Figure 22. 

Chimarra triangularis occidentalis Gibon, ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D inferior appendage, dorsal E inferior appendage, oblique dorsal F phallus, lateral, with dorsal detail of phallotremal sclerite complex G phallic spines, dorsal.

Chimarra triangularis occidentalis is most diagnostically recognized by the overall shape of its inferior appendages, with its short tergum X and very short basal sensilla-bearing process. Among species treated here it is probably most similar in these regards to C. pedaliotus sp. nov., which is easily diagnosed by the very enlarged and compressed ventral apex of its phallobase.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) pale yellowish brown. Head relatively elongate (length of postocular parietal sclerite nearly diameter of eye). Palps relatively short, maxillary palp with 1^st segment very short (length subequal to width), 2^nd segment short (~ 3× 1^st), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd segment relatively short (slightly longer than 2^nd), 4^th segment short (shorter than 2^nd), 5^th segment short (subequal to 2^nd). Forewing length: male, 3.8–4.5 mm; female, 4.7–5.2 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ somewhat sinuous, stem of Rs inflected at approximately midlength, with distinct node at inflection, extending into cell below, basal fork of discoidal cell enlarged, fork asymmetric, length of cell ~ 2× width, forks I and II slightly subsessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength, just before fork I, m crossvein proximal to s and r-m crossveins, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline and very faint, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ narrowly parallel to subcosta, forks I and II subsessile, fork III relatively terminal. Foreleg with apical tibial spur short; male with foretarsi modified, claws enlarged, outer claw twisted and asymmetric.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII moderately elongate, sternum and tergum subequal in length. Segment IX, in lateral view, elongate, anterior margin greatly, subangularly produced in ventral ¼, dorsolaterally with short rounded apodeme, margin strongly concave between; tergum, in dorsal view, continuous between apodemes, forming concave excavation; posterior margin weakly produced below preanal appendages, extending more or less linearly to ventral process; ventral process prominent, posteriorly projecting, length greater than width at base, apex rounded. Segment IX, in dorsal or ventral views, with anteroventral margin deeply concave mesally. Lateral lobes of tergum X moderate in length, rounded apically, each with moderately elongate, posteriorly projecting, digitate, sensilla-bearing process on dorsal margin at approximately midlength; mesal lobe of tergum X membranous, somewhat shorter than the lateral lobes. Preanal appendages small, rounded, constricted basally. Inferior appendage, in lateral view, moderately elongate, narrow, nearly uniform in width, dorsally flexed near base, apex incurved and narrowed, in dorsal/caudal views, forming short, subtruncate, weakly bifid, projection; appendage, in dorsal or ventral views, strongly and uniformly curved, with short, rounded, setose, basomesal projection. Phallic apparatus with phallobase moderately elongate, tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, dorsal margin somewhat projecting, but only weakly sclerotized, apicoventral margin slightly projecting, extending nearly straight; endotheca apparently without minute spines, but with two symmetrically positioned spines and an additional large, unpaired, lightly sclerotized, mesal spine, which is somewhat irregular, wider in lateral than in dorsal view; phallotremal sclerite complex composed of moderately elongate rod and ring structure, with narrow, paired, dorsolateral sclerites.

Ghana, Ivory Coast.

Ghana – Brong Ahafo Reg. ● 1♀; Asubende, River Pru; 8°01'18"N, 1°01'58"W; 24 Nov. 1990; JS Amakye leg.; light trap; ZMBN. – Northern Reg. ● 1♀; Sabari, Oti River; 9°17'41"N, 0°14'43"E; 22–24 Nov. 1991; JS Amakye leg.; Malaise trap; ZMBN. – Upper East Reg. ● 1♀; Nangodi, Nangodi Bridge; 10°51'48"N, 0°39'36"W; 26 June 1993; JS Amakye leg.; light trap; ZMBN. – Volta Reg. ● 1♀; Wli, Agumatsa waterfall, station # 12; 7°07'29"N, 0°35'31"E; 16 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; ZMBN. – Western Reg. ● 2♀♀; Ankasa Game Production Reserve; 5°15'N, 2°37'W; 6–12 Dec. 1993; T Andersen & J Kjærandsen leg.; Malaise trap; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding except 9 Dec. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; UMSP ● 1♂; same collection data as for preceding except 31 Mar. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; UMSP ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; ZMBN ● 7♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except 8–10 Dec. 1993; T Andersen & J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN.

Characters, in combination, that confirm the identification and can be used to distinguish C. waensis from other species in the subgroup include: length and position of digitate process of tergum X; general shape and length of inferior appendage; subtriangular shape of ventral process of tergum X; the single, moderately elongate phallic spine; and the curved, projecting apex of the phallobase. The anterior margin of segment IX, in the original illustration of C. waensis (Gibon 1985: fig. 10), is less sinuate than in our illustration. Particularly, the prominent dorsal apodeme is not featured. This is more likely a deficit in the illustration than a genuine difference, since the anterior contour of the segment, as illustrated in Fig. 23A, is not characteristic of any species of the kenyana subgroup. We consider the matching features sufficient to justify the use of the name C. waensis to identify our specimen.

Figure 23. 

Chimarra waensis Gibon, ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D inferior appendage, dorsal E phallus, lateral.

Both C. baculifera Marlier and C. camerunensis Marlier are also very similar to C. waensis, particularly in the general shape of the inferior appendages, which are elongate and narrow, with a characteristic subtruncate apex. All of these species also have elongated, curved, sensilla-bearing processes on the lateral lobes of tergum X, and a similar, basally broad, subtriangular ventral process on segment IX. We initially considered synonymizing all of these species. Restraint in doing so was based on the very acutely angled anteroventral margin of segment IX in the original illustration of C. baculifera, and the very elongate phallic spine featured in the original illustration of C. camerunensis. Since these kinds of differences are not usually attributable to intraspecific variation, a more critical evaluation, provided by comparison of holotype specimens, ideally in the context of a formal revision of the entire subgroup, should probably precede any synonymy.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) pale yellowish brown. Head elongate (postocular parietal sclerite slightly shorter than diameter of eye). Palps elongate; maxillary palp with 1^st segment very short (length subequal to width), 2^nd segment elongate (slightly longer than 3^rd), apex with cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd segment moderately elongate (normal), 4^th segment short (~ 2× 1^st), 5^th segment elongate (subequal to 3^rd). Forewing length: male, 5.7 mm; female, 4.5–5.0 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ distinctly sinuous, stem of Rs inflected at past midlength, with node extending into cell below, discoidal cell short, length slightly greater than width, basal fork not enlarged, forks I and II sessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at approximately midlength, r-m crossvein of forewing diagonal, slightly proximal to s, m crossvein very faint, proximal to r-m, very near basal fork of M, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ fused to subcosta basally, both veins intersecting wing margin, discoidal cell short, forks I and II elongate, sessile. Foreleg with apical tibial spur short; male with foretarsi unmodified, claws small and symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII short, sternum and tergum subequal in length. Segment IX, in lateral view, relatively short, anterior margin distinctly, subangularly, produced in ventral ¼, dorsolaterally with very prominent, broadly rounded apodeme, nearly as projecting as ventral production, margin concave between; tergum, in dorsal view, very short and narrowly sclerotized, but continuous dorsally, or nearly so, forming excavation between apodemes; posterior margin obliquely and somewhat convexly widened from preanal appendage to ventral process; ventral process prominent, subtriangular, wide basally, only weakly projecting. Segment IX, in dorsal or ventral views, with anteroventral margin moderately, concavely excavated mesally. Lateral lobes of tergum X elongate, subtruncately rounded apically, somewhat dorsally produced in basal half, basodorsally with elongate, posteriorly oriented, digitate, sensilla-bearing process; lateral lobes, in dorsal view, subparallel; mesal lobe of tergum X membranous, approximately as long as lateral lobes. Preanal appendages short, constricted basally, knob-like. Inferior appendage, in lateral view, elongate, narrow, nearly uniform in width, distinctly dorsally flexed near base, apex slightly narrowed, forming subtruncate, weakly notched or bifid process; appendage, in dorsal or ventral views, more or less uniformly mesally curved, curvature moderate. Phallic apparatus with phallobase relatively short and tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin distinctly projecting and deflexed, apex acute and even more strongly ventrally curved; endotheca with single, moderately elongate spine; phallotremal sclerite complex composed of short rod and ring structure, with small, indistinct apicolateral sclerites.

Ghana, Ivory Coast.

Holotype. Ghana – Volta Reg. ● ♂ (in alcohol); Wli, Agumatsa waterfall, station # 3; 7°07'29"N, 0°35'31"E; 10 Mar. 1993; JS Amakye & J Kjærandsen leg.; sweep net; UMSP 000550018. Paratypes. Ghana – Volta Reg. ● 3♂♂; same data as for holotype except station # 2^A; 8–11 Mar. 1993; Malaise trap; ZMBN.

Ghana – Volta Reg. ● 2♀♀; Wli, Agumatsa waterfall, station # 1^A; 7°07'29"N, 0°35'31"E; 12–21 Nov. 1993, J. Kjærandsen leg.; Malaise trap; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for previous except station # 2^B; 5–14 Mar. 1993; JS Amakye & J. Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN ● 2♀♀; same collection data as for previous except station # 5^A; 10–13 Mar. 1993; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for previous except station # 5^D; 9–12 Mar. 1993; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for previous except station # 5C; 12–15 Mar. 1993, J Kjærandsen & JS Amakye leg.; UMSP.

Figure 24. 

Chimarra amakyei sp. nov., ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, dorsal D phallus, lateral E phallus, dorsal.

Chimarra amakyei sp. nov. is closely related to Chimarra leta Mosely. Like that species it has an elongate, narrow tergum X, with preanal appendages flattened and fused basally. It also has inferior appendages projecting approximately midlaterally, above a small basally located ventral process. It differs diagnostically in that the apices of inferior appendages are tapering and acute, rather than subtruncate.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) yellowish brown; vertex of head dark brown, setal warts very pale. Head relatively short (postocular parietal sclerite short). Palps moderately elongate; maxillary palp with 1^st segment very short (approximately as long as wide), 2^nd segment relatively short (distinctly shorter than 3^rd), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd segment elongate, 4^th segment very short (shorter than 2^nd), 5^th segment elongate (slightly longer than 3^rd). Forewing length: male, 4.8–5.3 mm; female, 4.5–5.3 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ sinuous, stem of Rs distinctly inflected at past midlength (without distinct node at inflection), basal fork of discoidal cell moderately enlarged, length of cell slightly greater than 2× width, forks I and II sessile, r crossvein strongly diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at just past midlength, s, r-m, and m crossveins linear, s crossvein pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline (m very indistinct), 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ reduced, narrowly parallel to subcosta, fork I sessile, fork II subsessile, fork III distal and relatively wide, anal loop small. Forelegs with apical tibial spur short; male without enlarged tarsal claws, apical segments of tarsi narrow, claws very small and symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII with sternum very short, tergum moderately expanded dorsally (~ 2× length of sternum at base). Segment IX, in lateral view, relatively short, anterior margin concave, dorsally with broadly rounded apodeme, anteroventrally with short angular projection at approximately basal ¼; posterior margin moderately produced midlaterally, basoventrally with very short, subtriangular, posteriorly projected ventral process, segment expanded and sloping dorsal to process, with inferior appendages inserted high above process, approximately midlaterally; as viewed dorsally, with tergum very narrow, but continuous, sternum subtruncate, slightly concave mesally. Lateral lobes of tergum X elongate, rugose and club-like, with small rounded, mesally directed process bearing two sensilla at past midlength; dorsum of tergum X short, membranous, continuous with paired, sclerotized, apically rounded, periphallic processes surrounding phallic apparatus laterally and ventrally. Preanal appendages narrow and flattened, fused basally to lateral lobes. Inferior appendage without pronounced basal inflection, appendage narrow basally, dorsal margin with rounded expansion, tapering to acute, projecting apex; base of dorsal expansion with very short, sclerotized, mesally curved projection, continuous on mesal surface as sclerotized ridge. Phallic apparatus with relatively small, tubular phallobase with usual basodorsal expansion, apicodorsal margin with deep membranous invagination, ventral margin projecting, but without apicomesal projection; endotheca with two very small spines; phallotremal sclerite complex composed of reclinate, ring-like structure, with short rounded apicolateral projections.

Chimarra amakyei, named for Joseph S. Amakye, who helped collect much of the material represented in this paper, in recognition of his efforts.

Holotype. Tanzania – Tanga Reg. ● ♂ (in alcohol); West Usambara Mts., Mazumbai, Kaputu Stream; 4°48'S, 38°30'E; 29–30 Nov. 1990; T Andersen leg.; Malaise trap; UMSP 000550020. Paratypes. Tanzania – Tanga Reg. ● 1♂; same data as for holotype except 14–20 Nov. 1990; UMSP ● 21♂♂; same data as for holotype except 30 Oct. 1990–12 Feb. 1991; ZMBN.

Chimarra mazumbai is very similar to C. usambara sp. nov. Both species have a pair of upturned, digitate processes on a short tergum X, and somewhat similar inferior appendages, as well as a relatively short segment IX, with a very small ventral process. Chimarra mazumbai can be distinguished by the shape of its inferior appendage, which has its dorsal process shorter, and also by having the digitate processes of tergum X less closely apposed.

Figure 25. 

Chimarra mazumbai sp. nov., ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D phallus, lateral, with dorsal detail of phallotremal sclerite complex.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) dark brown. Head moderately elongate (postocular parietal sclerite ~1/2 diameter of eye). Palps elongate, maxillary palp with 1^st segment short (length slightly greater than width), 2^nd segment very elongate, with approximately a dozen elongate apical setae, 3^rd segment elongate (subequal to 2^nd), 4^th segment short (< 1/2 length of 3^rd), 5^th segment elongate (slightly longer than 3^rd). Forewing length: male, 6.5–8.0 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ not, or only very weakly, sinuous, stem of Rs with relatively weak inflection in apical half, with node at inflection, extending into cell below, basal fork of discoidal cell slightly enlarged, fork nearly symmetric, discoidal cell elongate, length ~ 2 1/2× width, forks I and II distinctly subsessile, r crossvein intersecting discoidal cell at base of fork I, r-m crossvein continuous with s, m crossvein proximal to s and r-m crossveins, approximately midway between basal fork of M and r-m crossvein, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline, very indistinct, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ fused to subcosta basally, both veins intersecting wing margin apically, forks I and II subsessile. Foreleg with apical tibial spur very short; male with foretarsi unmodified, claws small and symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII short ventrally, tergum ~ 2× as long dorsally. Segment IX, in lateral view, relatively short, anterior margin relatively weakly, sinuously, produced in ventral half, dorsolaterally with apodeme very small, almost absent; tergum, in dorsal view, obsolete between apodemes; posterior margin short dorsally, weakly produced below preanal appendages, nearly linear to ventral margin, ventral margin with very minute, short, ventrally projecting, process posteriorly. Segment IX, in dorsal or ventral views, with anteroventral margin subtruncate. Lateral lobes of tergum X very short, with pair of very narrow, digitate, dorsally projecting, apically acute processes, one apical and one at midlength, sensilla not apparent; mesal lobe of tergum X membranous, short, hardly projecting beyond base of lateral lobes. Preanal appendages short, rounded, knob-like, distinctly constricted basally. Inferior appendage, in lateral view, short, densely setose, strongly rounded basally, dorsally with short, rounded, dorsally flexed apex; in ventral view, with closely associated, narrow, acute, and rounded projections, visible on dorsomesal margin. Phallic apparatus with phallobase very short and tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin forming distinct, ventrally curved, projection; endotheca membranous and simple in structure, without minute spines, but with a single short apicomesal spine; phallotremal sclerite complex composed of very short rod and ring structure, with pair of small apical sclerites.

Chimarra mazumbai, name used as a noun in apposition, for the name of the scenic type locality in the Usambara Mountains where the species was collected.

Holotype. Tanzania – Tanga Reg. ● ♂ (in alcohol); East Usambara Mts, Sigi River, Amani; 21 Feb. 1959; 2.500 ft; MT Gillies leg.; INHS Trichoptera 50335. Paratypes. Tanzania – Tanga Reg. ● 1♀; same data as for holotype; INHS $ 1♂; Amani; 16 Nov. 1959; MT Gillies leg.; INHS.

Chimarra usambara is very similar to C. mazumbai sp. nov. and, like that species, has a short tergum X with a pair of upturned, spine-like processes. It is easily distinguished from C. mazumbai in that the spine-like processes of the tergum are more closely adpressed, and by the shape of its inferior appendage, which has a more distinctly defined and upturned, thumb-like dorsal process.

Figure 26. 

Chimarra usambara sp. nov., ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D inferior appendage, caudal E phallus, lateral.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) dark brown. Head moderately elongate (postocular parietal sclerite ~ 1/2 diameter of eye). Palps elongate, maxillary palp with 1^st segment short (length subequal to width), 2^nd segment very elongate, with approximately a dozen elongate apical setae, 3^rd segment moderately elongate (shorter than 2^nd), 4^th segment short, 5^th segment elongate (subequal to 2^nd). Forewing length: male, 4.7 mm; female, 5.0 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ not, or only very weakly, sinuous, stem of Rs with relatively weak inflection in apical half, with node at inflection, extending into cell below, basal fork of discoidal cell enlarged, fork very asymmetric, discoidal cell with length ~ 2× its width, forks I and II slightly subsessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength, just before fork I, r-m crossvein continuous with s, m crossvein proximal to s and r-m crossveins, approximately midway between basal fork of M and r-m crossvein, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline, very indistinct, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ narrowly parallel to subcosta, forks I and II subsessile. Foreleg with apical tibial spur apparently absent; male with foretarsi unmodified, claws small and symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII short ventrally, tergum somewhat wider dorsally. Segment IX, in lateral view, relatively short, anterior margin relatively weakly, sinuously produced in ventral half, dorsolaterally with distinct rounded apodeme; tergum, in dorsal view, obsolete between apodemes; posterior margin short dorsally, weakly produced below preanal appendages, nearly linear to ventral margin, ventral margin with short, small, posteriorly projecting, ventral process. Segment IX, in dorsal or ventral views, with anteroventral margin subtruncate. Lateral lobes of tergum X very short and rounded, with pair of closely apposed and very narrow, digitate, dorsally projecting, recurved, apically acute processes from apicoventral margin, projections slightly scabrous, sensilla not apparent; mesal lobe of tergum X membranous, short, hardly projecting beyond base of lateral lobes. Preanal appendages short, rounded, knob-like, distinctly constricted basally. Inferior appendage, in lateral view, short, densely setose, strongly rounded basally, dorsally with thumb-like, dorsally flexed projection; in ventral view, with short, acute, mesally curved, apicoventral projection, only indistinctly visible in lateral view; in caudal view, with narrow spine-like projection visible on mesal surface. Phallic apparatus with phallobase very short and tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin forming distinct, ventrally curved, projection; endotheca membranous and simple in structure, without spines; phallotremal sclerite complex composed of relatively short, simple, rod and ring structure, with associated sclerites absent or not apparent.

Chimarra usambara, name used as an adjective, after the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, in which this species was collected.

Holotype. Ghana – Volta Reg. ● ♂ (in alcohol); Wli, Agumatsa waterfall, station # 2^A; 7°07'29"N, 0°35'31"E; 8–11 Mar. 1993; JS Amakye & J Kjærandsen leg.; Malaise trap; UMSP 000550021. Paratypes. Ghana– Volta Reg. ● 1♂; same data as for holotype except station # 1^A; 5–14 Mar. 1993; ZMBN ● 1♂; same data as for holotype except station # 3; 11–20 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN. – Western Reg. ● 1♂; Ankasa Game Production Reserve; 5°15'N, 2°37'W; 12 Dec. 1993, T Andersen & J Kjærandsen leg.; sweep net; ZMBN.

Ghana – Volta Reg. ● 5♀♀; Wli, Agumatsa waterfall, station # 2^A; 7°07'29"N, 0°35'31"E; 5–14 Mar. 1993; JS Amakye & J Kjærandsen leg.; Malaise trap; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding except 8–11 Mar. 1993; UMSP ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 2^B; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 3; 17 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; ZMBN.

Figure 27. 

Chimarra wliensis sp. nov., ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D inferior appendage, dorsal E phallus, lateral.

Chimarra wliensis is a very distinctive species, easily recognized by the curved, spine-like, and scabrous lateral lobes of tergum X and the shape of its inferior appendages, in addition to it venational attributes.

Superficial similarities would suggest a relationship to species in the georgensis Group, because of the scabrous dorsolateral processes on segment IX, as in the evoluta subgroup, and the sclerotized and divided lateral lobes of tergum X, as in the georgensis subgroup, as well as its rather simple and short phallobase, with a produced ventral apex. However, venational characters place this species within the marginata Group, since the anal veins have a distinct crossvein (2A apparently forked apically), the Rs vein of the forewing is distinctly curved, with the s crossvein pigmented (not hyaline), and the m crossvein is distinctly proximal to the s and r-m crossveins. In overall morphology the species is thus distinctive. It is conceivably related to C. berghei (Marlier), whose overall description makes it difficult to place; similarities to C. wliensis include, particularly, the arching dorsolateral lobes of tergum X; however, C. berghei differs significantly in the shape of its inferior appendages and it is possible that it is not very closely related.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) medium brown, head and thorax not paler than body. Head elongate (postocular parietal sclerite nearly as long as diameter of eye). Palps elongate; maxillary palp with 1^st segment very short (approximately as long as wide), 2^nd segment elongate (subequal to 3^rd), apex with numerous elongate, stiff setae, 3^rd segment elongate, 4^th segment short (~ 1/3 length of 3^rd), 5^th segment elongate and narrow (subequal to 3^rd). Forewing length: male, 5.7–6.5 mm; female, 6.5–7.5mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ somewhat curved, stem of Rs curved, bowed outward, without sclerotized node in cell below, basal fork of discoidal cell slightly enlarged, nearly evenly forked, length of cell ~ 2× width, forks I and II sessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell before fork, s crossvein pigmented, r-m and m hyaline, s and r-m crossveins continuous, m crossvein distinctly proximal; 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ obsolete (or fused to subcosta), forks I and II subsessile. Forelegs with apical tibial spur very short; male with apical segments of foreleg small and thread-like, not enlarged, tarsal claws symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII short, tergum longer than sternum. Segment IX short, anterior margin expanded and rounded in ventral half, segment very short dorsally, anterodorsal margin with distinct rounded apodemes, posterodorsal margin with elongate, scabrous, posteriorly-curved, spine-like lateral processes, ventral process very short, subtriangular, more or less ventrally oriented, inferior appendages inserted distinctly above ventral margin of segment; as viewed dorsally, with tergum very narrow, but continuous, sternum short, broad, weakly concave mesally, scabrous dorsolateral processes of segment mesally curved, meeting mesally. Tergum X with mesal lobe membranous and with textured region at at base, lateral lobes (or periphalic processes?) strongly sclerotized and ventrally curved, divided apically into acute lobes, sensilla of lobes absent (or not evident). Preanal appendages short, knob-like, inserted membranously (not fused to segments IX or X). Inferior appendage with moderate basal inflection; as viewed laterally, more or less narrow, moderately elongate, apex acute; as viewed ventrally, with prominent, acute apicomesal projection (thus, ventral and apical projections subequal and separated by crescentic margin); mesal margin with short cusp, continuous with apical projection. Phallic apparatus with phallobase short and strongly sclerotized, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin of phallobase projecting, sclerotized, acute, distinctly ventrally curved; endotheca apparently short, membranous, with single short spine; phallotremal sclerite complex composed of short rod and ring structure.

Chimarra wliensis, used as an adjective, meaning “from Wli”, for the site where the holotype of this species was collected.

Ghana – Northern Reg. ● 1♂1♀; Bamboi, Black Volta; 8°08'50"N, 2°02'40"W; 25 Apr. 1991; T Andersen & JS Amakye leg.; light trap; UMSP.

Chimarra callasae is most readily diagnosed from other species in the subgroup by the short and apically strongly out-turned and acute lateral lobes of tergum X, by the shape of the two phallic spines, which are short, symmetrical, and have their apices more or less bird-head shaped, and also by the general shape of the inferior appendages.

Figure 28. 

Chimarra callasae Gibon, ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, caudal D inferior appendage, dorsal E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal G phallus apex, ventral

Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Sierra-Leone.

Ghana – Central Reg. ● 1♂; Kakum Forest Reserve; 5°21'N, 1°22'W; 8 Nov. 1994; T Andersen leg.; light trap; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; UMSP. – Greater Accra Reg. ● 1♂; Legon, Botanical Garden; 5°51'55"N, 0°11'15"W; 19 Nov. 1994; T Andersen leg.; light trap; ZMBN. – Western Reg. ● 1♂; Ankasa Game Production Reserve; 5°15'N, 2°37'W; 31 Mar. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; UMSP ● 1♂2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except 5 Dec. 1993; T Andersen & J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN.

Figure 29. 

Chimarra intexta Mosely, ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D inferior appendage, dorsal E inferior appendage, caudal F phallus, lateral.

Chimarra intexta is most readily diagnosed from other species of the subgroup by the shape and form of the lateral lobes of tergum X, which are short, weakly sclerotized, and have the out-turned lateral apices only weakly angulate, and also by the general form of the inferior appendages, which have the dorsal process strongly mesally curved, elongate, and acute apically, and also have a small tooth or cusp on the ventromesal surface, visible in lateral view.

Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Sierra-Leone.

Ghana – Brong Ahafo Reg. ● 1♂1♀; Asubende, River Pru; 8°01'18"N, 1°01'58"W; 25 Nov. 1990; JS Amakye leg.; light trap; ZMBN. – Northern Reg. ● 7♂♂4♀♀; Bamboi, Black Volta; 8°08'50"N, 2°02'40"W; 25 Apr. 1991; JS Amakye leg.; light trap; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; UMSP ● 1♂; Sabari, Oti River; 9°17'41"N, 0°14'43"E; 10 Nov. 1993; T Andersen & J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; ZMBN ● 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; UMSP.

Figure 30. 

Chimarra minima Ulmer, ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, caudal D inferior appendage, dorsal E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.

Chimarra minima is a very distinctive species, easily diagnosed by the form of the lateral lobes of tergum X, each of which is divided into a dorsal and ventral lobe, each ending in an acute apical projection, that of the dorsal lobe directed upward and that of the lower lobe directed laterally. The form of the inferior appendage is also diagnostic in that the ventral part is relatively projecting and rounded apically, and the dorsal process is relatively basal, prominent, and posteromesally curved, thus forming a C-shaped dorsal projection in apposition to the ventral apex. The paired phallic spines are also unusual in having a distinctly reticulated structure.

Benin, Burkino Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Togo.

Ghana – Brong Ahafo Reg. ● 14♂♂25♀♀; Asubende, River Pru; 8°01'18"N, 1°01'58"W; 24–25 Feb. 1990; JS Amakye leg.; light trap; ZMBN ● 2♂♂; same collection data as for preceding except 18–19 Apr. 1991; Malaise trap; ZMBN. – Northern Reg. ● 12♂♂7♀♀; Bamboi, Black Volta; 8°08'50"N, 2°02'40"W; 25 Apr. 1991; T Andersen & JS Amakye leg.; light trap; ZMBN ● 9♂♂7♀♀; Sabari, Oti River; 9°17'41"N, 0°14'43"E; 27 Nov. 1990; JS Amakye leg.; light trap; ZMBN. – Volta Reg. ● 1♂; Hohoe, Matvin Hotel; 7°09'43"N, 0°28'31"E; 11 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; at light; ZMBN ● 1♂1♀; Kute, River Menu; 7°22'N, 0°36'E; 18 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; ZMBN ● 1♂; Wli, Agumatsa waterfall, station # 6; 7°07'29"N, 0°35'31"E; 20 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; UMSP ● 8♂♂7♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 10; 19 Nov. 1993; ZMBN ● 8♂♂7♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except station # 12; 16 Nov. 1993; ZMBN ● 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; UMSP.

Figure 31. 

Chimarra sassandrae Gibon, ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, caudal D inferior appendage, dorsal E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.

Chimarra sassandrae has a general similarity to C. intexta, especially in the general attributes of the structure of tergum X and the inferior appendages. It can be diagnosed by details in both structures. The short, weakly sclerotized dorsal part of the lateral lobe of tergum X lies flatter and does not curve downward, and its apical projections are more acute. The inferior appendages have the dorsal projection even more strongly mesally curved and ventromesal tooth or cusp is more prominent and acute apically. This gives the inferior appendage, in lateral view, a distinctly more subquadrate appearance and this provides the most readily discernable diagnostic difference for the two species. Additionally, the anteroventral margin of segment IX is less produced than in C. intexta and the shape of the phallic spines is different.

Cameroon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Togo.

Holotype. Tanzania – Tanga Reg. ● ♂ (in alcohol); West Usambara Mts, Dule; 4°51'S, 38°26'E; 26 Nov. 1990; T Andersen leg.; sweep net; UMSP 000550033.

Chimarra dulensis most closely resembles C. tangaensis sp. nov., particularly in the overall shape of segment IX and shape of the inferior appendages, which are relatively short, with an acute dorsal apex. Both species also have an elongate, tube-shaped phallobase, with a projecting ventral apex and an endotheca with two elongate, symmetrical spines. The two species, however, are easily differentiated by the form of the lateral lobes of tergum X, which in C. tangaensis each have a dorsal spine-like projection, but in C. dulensis are simpler in form, elongate, with a more or less rounded, decurrent apex.

Figure 32. 

Chimarra dulensis sp. nov., ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D phallus, lateral.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) medium brown. Head elongate (postocular parietal sclerite nearly equal to diameter of eye). Palps relatively elongate, maxillary palp with 1^st segment very short (slightly longer than wide), 2^nd segment short (~ 2× 1^st), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd segment elongate, almost 2× length of 2^nd, 4^th segment short (subequal to 2^nd), 5^th segment elongate (slightly longer than 3^rd). Forewing length: male, 6.0 mm. Fore- and hind wing with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ slightly sinuous, stem of Rs with inflection at past midlength (with distinct node at inflection, almost appearing as crossvein), basal fork of discoidal cell somewhat enlarged, fork asymmetric, discoidal cell short, length ~ 1 1/2× width, forks I and II elongate, slightly subsessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell before fork I; s, r-m, and m crossveins co-linear, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline, but distinct, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ fused to subcosta basally, both veins intersecting wing margin, fork I sessile, fork II subsessile. Forelegs with apical tibial spur distinct; male with foretarsi unmodified, claws small and symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII with sternum short, without ventromesal projection, tergum hardly longer. Segment IX, in lateral view, with anteroventral margin greatly, angularly, produced, anterodorsal margin with prominent apodeme, margin between strongly concave; dorsomesal margin of segment strongly concave, very short, but continuously sclerotized; segment, in lateral view, very short dorsally, posterior margin obliquely and almost linearly widened to inferior appendage, ventral margin rounded, ventral process emerging well below inferior appendages, very elongate, digitate, with apex rounded in lateral view, apex with short spines or setae; anteroventral margin of segment, in dorsal or ventral views, very strongly concave. Lateral lobes of tergum X relatively elongate, simple in structure, apices rounded and distinctly ventrally curved; each lobe with short rounded basodorsal projection with two small sensilla; mesal lobe of tergum X very short, membranous, hardly projecting beyond basal sensilla-bearing projections. Preanal appendages short and knob-like, weakly constricted basally. Inferior appendage relatively short, rounded basally, with only weak basal inflection, apex narrowed, subacute, strongly posteriorly projecting; in ventral view, with pair of sclerotized cusps on mesal margin. Phallic apparatus with phallobase elongate, tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin acute, distinctly projecting and somewhat downturned; endotheca membranous and apparently elongate, with two moderately elongate, slender, symmetrically positioned spines, membrane not noticeably textured; phallotremal sclerite complex composed of a moderate length rod-and-ring structure, without obvious apical sclerites.

Chimarra dulensis, name used as an adjective, meaning “from Dule,” for the name of the town near which the type species was collected.

Holotype. Ghana – Eastern Reg. ● ♂ (in alcohol); Kibi, Subri stream; 6°10'N, 0°33'W; 5 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; UMSP 000550030.

Ghana – Eastern Reg. ● 1♀; Kibi, Subri stream; 6°10'N, 0°33'W; 5 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; UMSP.

Chimarra kibiensis is very similar to C. minacis sp. nov., as discussed in the diagnosis for that species, but the dorsal spine-like lobes of tergum X are shorter, and the ventral lobes of the tergum are longer, with the apices longer, more strongly ventrally curved, and also more sclerotized. Additionally, the inferior appendage in C. kibiensis, in lateral view, has an evident tooth on its posterior margin, whereas C. minacis has a pair of small mesal teeth or cusps; these are only readily evident in caudal view.

Figure 33. 

Chimarra kibiensis sp. nov., ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D inferior appendage, caudal E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal G ventral lobes of tergum X, caudal.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) nearly uniformly yellowish brown, spurs slightly darker. Head moderate in length (postocular parietal sclerite slightly > 1/2 diameter of eye). Palps moderately elongate; maxillary palp with 1^st segment very short (approximately as long as wide), 2^nd segment relatively short (< 3× 1^st), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd segment elongate, almost 2× length of 2^nd, 4^th segment very short (shorter than 2^nd), 5^th segment subequal to 3^rd. Forewing length: male, 5.5 mm. Fore- and hind wing with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ sinuous, stem of Rs inflected at past midlength (with small node at inflection), basal fork of discoidal cell somewhat enlarged, fork slightly asymmetric, length of cell ~ 2× width, forks I and II subsessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at approximately midlength, s and r-m, crossveins linear, m crossvein more proximal, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ narrowly parallel to subcosta, forks I and II subsessile. Forelegs with apical tibial spur distinct; male with foretarsi unmodified, claws small and symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII short, tergum not wider, sternum without ventromesal projection. Segment IX, in lateral view, with anteroventral margin distinctly produced, anterodorsal margin with broadly rounded apodeme, margin between strongly concave; dorsomesal margin of segment very short, but continuously sclerotized; posterior margin strongly produced in ventral half, strongly narrowed dorsally above inferior appendages, segment very short dorsally; ventral process emerging from ventral margin, very elongate, digitate, with apex rounded in lateral view, apex with short spines or setae; anteroventral margin of segment, in dorsal or ventral views, concave. Lateral lobes of tergum X each divided laterally into dorsal and ventral lobes, dorsal lobes strongly upturned and spine-like, recurved and very strongly sclerotized, especially compared to base, almost appearing as separate structures; ventral lobes very elongate and strongly sclerotized, with apices strongly, angularly downturned, apices of lobes rounded. Preanal appendages short and knob-like, constricted basally. Inferior appendage with pronounced basal inflection, dorsally with moderately elongate, tapering dorsal projection, apex subacute; posteromesal margin with prominent sclerotized cusp, readily visible in lateral view. Phallic apparatus with phallobase moderately elongate, with usual basodorsal expansion, apical half strongly flared and vase-like, apicoventrally with short rounded, sclerotized projection; endotheca with two moderately elongate, slender, symmetrically positioned spines, phallotremal sclerite complex composed of short rod and ring structure, with small apical sclerite.

Chimarra kibiensis, name used as an adjective (from Kibi), for the name of the town near where the type specimen was collected.

Holotype. Ghana – Volta Reg. ● ♂ (in alcohol); Wli, Agumatsa waterfall, station # 3; 7°07'29"N, 0°35'31"E; 10 Mar. 1993; JS Amakye & J Kjærandsen leg.; light trap; UMSP 000550079. Paratypes. Ghana – Volta Reg. ● 1♂ (lacking abdomen); same data as for holotype except station # 2^B; 5–8 Mar. 1993; Malaise trap; UMSP ● 3♂♂; same data as for holotype except 17 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN ● 2♂♂; same data as for holotype except station # 6; 20 Nov. 1993; J Kjærandsen leg.; ZMBN.

Figure 34. 

Chimarra minacis sp. nov., ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C caudal D inferior appendage, dorsal E phallus, lateral, with dorsal detail of phallotremal sclerite complex.

Chimarra minacis is very closely related to C. kibiensis sp. nov. The differences between the two are relatively minor, but distinctive. The decision to recognize them as different species is admittedly subjective. Although it is conceivable that they may eventually be shown to be forms of a single species, the use of names in the meantime is meant to draw attention to the distinctiveness of the forms. Both species are readily recognized by the strongly upturned dorsal spine-like lobes of tergum X, with the elongate and apically downturned ventral lobes of the same tergum. Chimarra cornuta Jacquemart & Statzner also has spine-like lobes of tergum X, but in this species the lobes are not as upright, and the posterior margin of segment IX is not as produced in its ventral part as either of the two species discussed here. The primary difference of C. minacis from C. kibiensis is that the apices of the ventral lobes of tergum X are much more strongly developed and sclerotized in C. kibiensis, even resulting in some asymmetry of the lobes. Also, the sclerotized cusp or projection on the apical margin of the inferior appendage in C. minacis is not as strongly developed; notably it is not projecting or readily visible in lateral view; there is also a second small cusp found in C. minacis, not present in C. kibiensis.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) nearly uniformly yellowish brown, spurs slightly darker. Head moderate in length (postocular parietal sclerite slightly > 1/2 diameter of eye). Palps moderately elongate; maxillary palp with 1^st segment very short (approximately as long as wide), 2^nd segment relatively short (< 3× 1^st), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd segment elongate, almost 2× length of 2^nd, 4^th segment very short (shorter than 2^nd), 5^th segment subequal to 3^rd. Forewing length: male, 4.7–5.5 mm. Fore- and hind wing with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ sinuous, stem of Rs inflected at past midlength (with small node at inflection), basal fork of discoidal cell distinctly enlarged, fork slightly asymmetric, length of cell ~ 2× width, forks I and II subsessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at approximately midlength, s and r-m, crossveins linear, m crossvein more proximal, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ narrowly parallel to subcosta, forks I and II subsessile. Forelegs with apical tibial spur distinct; male with foretarsi unmodified, claws small and symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII short, tergum not longer, sternum without ventromesal projection. Segment IX, in lateral view, with anteroventral margin greatly produced, anterodorsal margin with distinct and broadly rounded apodeme, margin between strongly concave; dorsomesal margin of segment very short, but continuously sclerotized; posterior margin strongly and truncately produced in ventral half, strongly narrowed dorsally above inferior appendages, segment very short dorsally; ventral process emerging from ventral margin, very elongate, digitate, with apex rounded in lateral view, apex with short spines or setae; anteroventral margin of segment, in dorsal or ventral views, very strongly concave. Lateral lobes of tergum X each divided laterally into dorsal and ventral lobes, dorsal lobes strongly upturned and spine-like, very strongly sclerotized, especially compared to base, almost appearing as separate structures; ventral lobes relatively elongate, with apices strongly, angularly downturned, apices of lobes rounded. Preanal appendages short and knob-like, constricted basally. Inferior appendage with pronounced basal inflection, dorsally with moderately elongate, tapering dorsal projection, apex subacute; posteromesal margin with a pair of small, sclerotized cusps, not or scarcely visible in lateral view. Phallic apparatus with phallobase moderately elongate, with usual basodorsal expansion, apical half strongly flared and vase-like, apicoventrally with short rounded, sclerotized projection; endotheca with two moderately elongate, slender, symmetrically positioned spines, membrane not noticeably textured, phallotremal sclerite complex composed of short rod and ring structure, with small apical sclerite.

Chimarra minacis, used as an adjective, from the Latin minax, meaning jutting out or threatening, for the upright spine-like processes on tergum X in this species.

Holotype. Tanzania – Tanga Reg. ● ♂ (in alcohol); West Usambara Mts., Mazumbai, Kaputu Stream; 4°48'S, 38°30'E; 4–13 Dec. 1990; T Andersen leg.; Malaise trap; UMSP 000550032. Paratypes. Tanzania – Tanga Reg. ● 5♂♂; same data as for holotype except 31 Oct. 1990–13 Jan. 1991; ZMBN.

Chimarra tangaensis probably has its overall greatest similarity to C. dulensis sp. nov., particularly in the general shape of its inferior appendages, and in having an elongate, tubular phallobase with slender and symmetrically positioned phallic spines. It is easily distinguished by the more spine-like lateral lobes of tergum X. It is possible that the latter character reflects a closer relationship to the other new species of the ruficeps subgroup described here, which have the lobes even more dramatically developed into spine-like processes.

Figure 35. 

Chimarra tangaensis sp. nov., ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D inferior appendage, caudal E phallus, lateral, with dorsal detail of phallotremal sclerite complex.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) medium brown. Head relatively elongate (length of postocular parietal sclerite nearly equal to diameter of eye). Palps moderately elongate, maxillary palp with 1^st segment very short (slightly longer than wide), 2^nd segment short (~ 2× 1^st), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd segment elongate, almost 2× length of 2^nd, 4^th segment short (subequal to 2^nd), 5^th segment elongate (slightly longer than 3^rd). Forewing length: male, 7.5–8.5 mm. Fore- and hind wing with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ slightly sinuous, stem of Rs weakly inflected at past midlength (with indistinct node at inflection, almost appearing as crossvein), basal fork of discoidal cell somewhat enlarged, fork almost symmetric, discoidal cell elongate, length ~ 2 1/2× width, forks I and II slightly subsessile, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength, before fork I, s and r-m, crossveins linear, m crossvein more proximal, ~ 1/2 way between basal fork of M and r-m crossvein, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ fused to subcosta basally, both veins intersecting wing margin, forks I and II slightly subsessile. Forelegs with apical tibial spur distinct; male with foretarsi unmodified, claws small and symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII with sternum short, without ventromesal projection, tergum slightly longer. Segment IX, in lateral view, with anteroventral margin greatly, subangularly, produced, anterodorsal margin with prominent apodeme, margin between strongly concave; dorsomesal margin of segment strongly concave, very short, but continuously sclerotized; segment, in lateral view, very short dorsally, posterior margin obliquely and almost linearly widened to inferior appendage, ventral margin rounded, ventral process emerging somewhat below inferior appendages, very elongate, digitate, with apex rounded in lateral view, apex with short spines or setae; anteroventral margin of segment, in dorsal or ventral views, very strongly concave. Lateral lobes of tergum X moderately elongate, divided into dorsal and ventral lobes, ventral lobes (possibly sclerotized extensions of periphallic membrane) relatively lightly sclerotized, wide basally, subacute apically, dorsal lobes more distinctly sclerotized, with rounded and projecting basodorsal process and posteriorly projecting apical process, narrowing to a somewhat spine-like apex, sensilla not apparent; mesal lobe of tergum X short, membranous, only extending to basodorsal processes of dorsal lobes of lateral lobes. Preanal appendages short and knob-like, weakly constricted basally. Inferior appendage relatively short, rounded basally, with moderate basal inflection, apex narrowed, acute, moderately posteriorly projecting; in caudal view, with rounded projection from dorsomesal margin. Phallic apparatus with phallobase elongate, tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin slightly projecting and somewhat downturned; endotheca membranous and apparently elongate, with two moderately elongate, slender, symmetrically positioned spines, phallotremal sclerite complex composed of moderately elongate rod and ring structure, with small apical sclerites.

Chimarra tangaensis, used as an adjective, meaning “from Tanga,” for the region in Tanzania in which this species was collected.

Holotype. Tanzania – Tanga Reg. ● ♂ (in alcohol); East Usambara Mts, Fanusi; 28 Feb. 1959; 1.000 ft; MT Gillies leg.; INHS Trichoptera 50336.

Chimarra multisensillata is a distinctive species, unlike any other described species, with several unusual characteristics. Its most diagnostic feature is the shape of the inferior appendage, which has a narrow, sclerotized, digitate projection on the dorsal margin at just past midlength, that is oriented more or less parallel to the appendage itself. Also distinctive is the overall form of the lateral lobes of tergum X, which are very elongate and simple in structure, with ~ 10 unraised sensilla scattered laterally along its length. Another unusual characteristic, for a species in the marginata Group, is the relatively elongate, tubular phallobase with two elongate, sclerotized, symmetrically arranged spines, possibly modified elements of the phallotremal sclerite complex. Finally, the shape of segment IX is also unusual in having is anterior margin uniformly concave and its ventral margin strongly produced, with lateral margins that are somewhat convergent, as viewed dorsally or ventrally.

Figure 36. 

Chimarra multisensillata sp. nov., ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, ventral D inferior appendage, dorsal E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.

Because of having multiple sensilla on tergum X, rather than just two, as is typical of species in the marginata Group, one might question its placement in the group. Its venational characters, however, are typical of species in the marginata Group. Nevertheless, it probably represents a relatively basal species in the lineage.

Adult. Overall color (in alcohol) yellowish brown. Head relatively short (postocular parietal sclerite < 1/2 diameter of eye). Palps moderately elongate, maxillary palp with 1^st segment short (length subequal to width), 2^nd segment short (~ 2× 1^st), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3^rd elongate (> 2× as long as 2^nd), 4^th segment short (subequal to 2^nd), 5^th segment very elongate (longer than 3^rd). Forewing length: male, 5.0 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R₁ distinctly sinuous, stem of Rs inflected at just past midlength, with small node at inflection, not extending into cell below, basal fork of discoidal cell enlarged, fork asymmetric, discoidal cell with length ~ 2× width, fork I sessile, fork II stalked, r crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength, r-m crossvein continuous with s, m crossvein proximal to s and r-m crossveins, approximately midway between basal fork of M and r-m crossvein, s pigmented (like wing), r-m and m crossveins hyaline, very faint, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R₁ fused to subcosta basally, both veins intersecting margin of wing, fork I sessile, fork II stalked. Foreleg with apical tibial spur distinct; male with foretarsi unmodified, segments very narrow, claws small and symmetrical.

Male genitalia. Segment VIII with sternum relatively short, with short ventromesal projection, tergum approximately same length. Segment IX, in lateral view, relatively elongate, with anteroventral margin greatly produced, anterodorsal margin with small rounded apodeme, margin between strongly concave; dorsomesal margin of segment strongly concave, very short, but continuously sclerotized; segment, in lateral view, short dorsally, posterior margin greatly, convexly produced between preanal appendages and small, subtriangular ventral process, inferior appendage mounted at midheight; anteroventral margin of segment, in dorsal or ventral views, with lateral margins converging, mesal margin with weak concave emargination. Lateral lobes of tergum X elongate, parallel sided, tapering apically, simple in structure, lateral margin with ~ 10 unraised sensilla scattered along its length; mesal lobe of tergum X very short, membranous, much shorter than lateral lobes. Preanal appendages short and knob-like, distinctly constricted basally. Inferior appendage moderately elongate, projecting, without significant basal inflection, dorsal and ventral margins subparallel, with narrow, digitate, posteriorly projecting process at approximately midlength from dorsal margin, length of inferior appendage slightly > 2× its width, apex narrowing, rounded. Phallic apparatus with phallobase very elongate and narrowly tubular, with pair of very elongate, narrow sclerites, wider at midlength (possibly modified lateral sclerites of phallotremal sclerite complex), positioned apical to a more or less typical and moderately elongate rod and ring structure of phallotremal sclerite complex.

Chimarra multisensillata, name used as an adjective, for the relatively numerous sensilla on the lateral lobes of tergum X, a very unusual characteristic for a species in the marginata Group.