Holotype. China – Yunnan Prov. • ♂; glued on a card with labels as follows: “China: Yunnan Deqin County, Nagu Vill; alt. 2250 m; 11 Jul 2010; Wen-Xuan Bi leg.” “Holotype / Hesperosoma (s.str.) chenchangchini / Cai, Tang & Schillhammer” [red handwritten label]; SHNU. Paratypes. China – Yunnan Prov. • 2♂ ♂, 1 ♀; Gongshan County, Heiwadi; alt. 2000 m; 07 Jul 2009; Jian-Qing Zhu leg.; SHNU.

Measurements of male: BL: 12.17–13.87 mm, FL: 6.95–7.63 mm. HL: 1.89–2.07 mm, HW: 2.41–2.79 mm, EYL: 0.65–0.77 mm, TL: 0.96–1.12 mm, PL: 2.30–2.68 mm, PW: 2.00–2.23 mm, EL: 3.13–3.44 mm, EW: 3.06–3.51 mm. HW/HL: 1.24–1.35, TL/EYL: 1.41–1.48, PL/PW: 1.14–1.20, EL/EW: 0.98–1.02.

Measurements of female: BL: 12.73 mm, FL: 7.06 mm. HL: 1.89 mm, HW: 2.34 mm, EYL: 0.68 mm, TL: 0.90 mm, PL: 2.38 mm, PW: 2.07 mm, EL: 3.17 mm, EW: 3.28 mm. HW/HL: 1.24, TL/EYL: 1.32, PL/PW: 1.15, EL/EW: 0.97.

Head, pronotum and elytra metallic dark blue to violaceous blue; abdomen with segments III–V reddish, VI black with anterior margin narrowly reddish, VII black with posterior margin broadly reddish-yellow, segments VIII and X entirely reddish-yellow, segment IX reddish; antennae black, base and apex of segment 1 and 2 reddish, segments 8–11 creamy white; mandibles dark brown, medial margin and distal portion of mandible dark reddish-brown; maxillary and labial palpi deep black, last segments sometimes slightly paler brownish.

Head (Fig. 9) 1.24–1.35 times as wide as long, rounded trapezoid, tempora narrowed towards neck in regular arc, eyes moderately protruding; surface with dense and coarse punctation, mostly contiguous; frons impunctate; with short, weakly delimited impunctate mid-line, extending from frons to about half of mid-length; antennae with segments 4–8 markedly oblong, segments 9 and 10 about as long as wide.

Figures 9–12. 

Head of species of subgenus Hesperosoma 9 H. chenchangchini sp. nov. 10 H. puetzi 11 H. xizangense sp. nov. 12 H. languidum sp. nov. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Pronotum 1.14–1.20 times as long as wide, widest at level of large lateral seta, narrowed towards base in wide, but shallow concave arc; surface as densely and coarsely punctate as on head, with indistinct, short impunctate mid-line in posterior half; scutellum with dense and pit-like punctation, interstices forming small transverse rugae.

Elytra 0.97–1.02 times as long as wide, exceedingly densely, coarsely punctate, punctures almost contiguous.

Abdominal tergites III–V with basal transverse depression, punctation of abdominal tergites IV–V moderate and sparse at base, abdominal tergite III impunctate at base; posterior halves of abdominal tergites III–V and entire surface of remaining tergites with very fine and dense punctuation.

Male. Protarsomeres 1–4 moderately dilated, heart-shaped; sternite VII with patch of yellow setae on median portion and posterior margin broadly emarginate at middle; sternite VIII with posterior margin broadly emarginate at middle; aedeagus (Figs 15–17) with median lobe and paramere slightly asymmetrical, paramere (Fig. 17) shorter than median lobe and slightly bent to left side in ventral view.

Female. Tergite X (Fig. 18) slightly asymmetrical with posterior margin projecting at middle.

Figures 13–18. 

Hesperosoma chenchangchini sp. nov. 13–14 habitus 15–17 aedeagus, lateral (15) and ventral (16) views, paramere (17) 18 female abdominal tergite X. Scale bars: 2 mm (13–14), 0.2 mm (15–18).

This species is named in honour of Mr. Chang-Chin Chen who donates lots of staphylinid specimens to the SHNU, including the holotype of the new species.

China (Yunnan).

Amongst the species of the nominal subgenus with reddish abdomen, H. malaisei from Myanmar, H. chinense (Shaanxi, Hubei, Sichuan) and H. rufomarginatum from Vietnam, the new species may be easily recognised by four outer segments of antennae creamy white (five outer segments of antennae creamy white in H. chinense and H. malaisei), entirely metallic dark blue to violaceous blue elytra (reddish suture and shoulders of elytra in H. rufomarginatum).

China – Shaanxi Prov. • 1♂; Zhouzhi County, Houzhenzi, Qinling, Qinlingliangxia; 33°48'96"N, 107°44'48"E; alt. 2018 m; 7 May 2008; Hao Huang & Wang Xu leg.; SHNU • 1♂; Zhouzhi County, Houzhenzi, Qinling, Qinlingliangxia; 33°48'97"N, 107°44'48"E; alt. 1820 m; 18 May 2008; Hao Huang & Wang Xu leg.; SHNU • 1♂, 1♀; Zhouzhi County, Houzhenzi, Qinling, West Sangongli Gou; 33°50'613"N, 107°48'524"E; alt. 1336 m; 17–19 May 2008; Hao Huang & Wang Xu leg.; SHNU • 1♂; Mei County, Taibai-Shan, Kaitianguan; 34°00'69"N, 107°51'41"E; alt. 1850 m; 22–23 May 2008; Hao Huang & Wang Xu leg.; SHNU • 2♂♂, 5♀♀; Ankang City, Ningshan County, Huoditang; 33°44'N, 108°45'E; alt. 1590 m; 19 Jul 2015; Yi-Zhou Liu leg.; SHNU • 1♂; Hanzhong City Mian County; 33°10'24"N, 106°40'13"E; alt. 1800 m; 24 Jun 2020; W-X Bi leg.; SHNU • 9♀♀; Ankang City, Ningshan County, Huodigou; 33°46'N, 108°44'E; alt. 1540 m; 18 Jul 2015; Yi-Zhou Liu leg.; SHNU. – Sichuan Prov. • 1♂; Aba Pre, Li County; alt. 1800–2300 m; 29 Jun 2015; Hao Huang leg.; SHNU.

Male: BL: 10.45–14.56 mm, FL: 6.06–8.11 mm. HL: 1.72–2.11 mm, HW: 2.00–2.66 mm, EYL: 0.61–0.71 mm, TL: 0.83–1.11 mm, PL: 2.11–2.63 mm, PW: 1.77–2.22 mm, EL: 2.72–3.43 mm, EW: 2.78–3.33 mm. HW/HL: 1.16–1.26, TL/EYL: 1.36–1.68, PL/PW: 1.16–1.23, EL/EW: 0.98–1.03.

Female: BL: 13.06–16.79 mm, FL: 6.95–8.22 mm. HL: 1.94–2.24 mm, HW: 2.27–2.55 mm, EYL: 0.61–0.72 mm, TL: 0.94–1.11 mm, PL: 2.39–2.72 mm, PW: 2.00–2.33 mm, EL: 3.11–3.61 mm, EW: 3.11–3.78 mm. HW/HL: 1.14–1.21, TL/EYL: 1.42–1.64, PL/PW: 1.14–1.20, EL/EW: 0.96–1.03.

China (Hubei, Shaanxi and Sichuan).

Amongst the species of the subgenus with reddish abdomen, H. chinense may be readily recognised from H. chenchangchini sp. nov. and H. rufomarginatum by five outer segments of antennae creamy white (four outer segments of antennae creamy white in H. chenchangchini sp. nov. and H. rufomarginatum); abdomen reddish in basal four visible segments, segment VIII blackish-brown with base of the tergite broadly yellowish, segment IX blackish-brown (abdomen reddish in basal three visible segments, segments VIII and IX pale yellow in H. malaisei).

Figures 19–24. 

Hesperosoma chinense 19–20 habitus 21–23 aedeagus, lateral (21) and ventral (22) views, paramere (23) 24 female abdominal tergite X. Scale bars: 2 mm (19–20), 0.2 mm (21–24).

China – Sichuan Prov. • 1♂; Shimian County, Liziping, Zima Village; 28°59'N, 102°16'E; alt. 1800 m; 16 Aug 2012; Peng, Dai & Yin leg.; SHNU • 1♂; Hailuogou, Qingshibangou; alt. 2200 m; 20 Jul 2011; Hao Huang leg.; SHNU • 1♂, 5♀♀; Baoxing County, Fengtongzhai nat. cons., Dashuigou station; 30.57247N, 102.88260E; alt. 1569 m; 29 Jun 2013; Li leg.; by pitfall trap, broadleaf forest; SHNU.

Male: BL: 12.62–14.13 mm, FL: 6.85–7.65 mm. HL: 1.89–2.13 mm, HW: 2.32–2.66 mm, EYL: 0.68–0.74 mm, TL: 0.94–1.08 mm, PL: 2.29–2.54 mm, PW: 1.92–2.23 mm, EL: 3.03–3.40 mm, EW: 3.03–3.49 mm. HW/HL: 1.23–1.26, TL/EYL: 1.41–1.46, PL/PW: 1.14–1.23, EL/EW: 0.97–1.04.

Female: BL: 13.33–15.82 mm, FL: 7.29–7.84 mm. HL: 1.98–2.17 mm, HW: 2.35–2.54 mm, EYL: 0.71–0.77 mm, TL: 0.96–1.05 mm, PL: 2.48–2.66 mm, PW: 2.10–2.23 mm, EL: 3.32–3.51 mm, EW: 3.40–3.62 mm. HW/HL: 1.16–1.19, TL/EYL: 1.25–1.44, PL/PW: 1.14–1.21, EL/EW: 0.97–0.98.

Tergite X (Fig. 30) with posterior margin projecting at middle.

China (Sichuan).

Externally, the species is very similar to H. kleebergi, but differs mainly in relatively weak build, dark metallic colour, larger eyes, narrow reddish-yellow apical margin of abdominal segment VII and entirely golden pubescence of first three visible tergites (pubescence of first three visible tergites entirely black in H. kleebergi).

Figures 25–30. 

Hesperosoma flavoterminale 25–26 habitus 27–29 aedeagus, lateral (27) and ventral (28) views, paramere (29) 30 female abdominal tergite X. Scale bars: 2 mm (25–26), 0.2 mm (27–30).

China – Xizang Prov. • 1♂; Xizang A. R., Nielamu County, Lixin Vill.; alt. 2600 m; 24 Jul 2010; Wen-Xuan Bi leg.; SHNU.

Male: BL: 13.19 mm, FL: 7.48 mm. HL: 2.07 mm, HW: 2.60 mm, EYL: 0.71 mm, TL: 1.05 mm, PL: 2.45 mm, PW: 2.15 mm, EL: 3.51 mm, EW: 3.40 mm. HW/HL: 1.26, TL/EYL: 1.48, PL/PW: 1.14, EL/EW: 1.03.

China (Xizang) and Nepal. New to China.

The collecting locality of the male specimen is about 200 km away from the type locality in Nepal. The specimen fits the original description in all characters. New record for China.

Figures 31–35. 

Hesperosoma kleebergi 31–32 habitus 33–35 aedeagus, lateral (33) and ventral (34) views, paramere (35). Scale bars: 2 mm (31–32), 0.2 mm (33–35).

Holotype. China – Yunnan Prov. • ♂; glued on a card with labels as follows: “China: Yunnan, Lushui County, Yaojiapin; alt. 2540 m; 21 Jun 2010; Liang Tang leg.” “Holotype / Hesperosoma (s.str.) languidum / Cai, Tang & Schillhammer” [red handwritten label]; SHNU.

Measurements of male: BL: 15.63 mm, FL: 7.48 mm. HL: 2.19 mm, HW: 2.68 mm, EYL: 0.68 mm, TL: 1.21 mm, PL: 2.72 mm, PW: 2.27 mm, EL: 3.06 mm, EW: 3.05 mm. HW/HL: 1.22, TL/EYL: 1.78, PL/PW: 1.20, EL/EW: 1.00.

Head and pronotum metallic violaceous blue to deep blue, elytra dark metallic violaceous blue, usually a bit more opaque than head and pronotum; abdomen with segments III–VI dark red, segment VII dark red with posterior margin broadly reddish-yellow, segments VIII and X entirely reddish-yellow, segment IX reddish-yellow with apical third of latter blackish; antennae black, base and apex of segments 1 and 2 and base of segment 3 reddish, four outer segments creamy white; mandibles dark reddish-brown; maxillary palpi with segments I–III black, segment IV brown, labial palpi with segments I and II black, segment III brown.

Figures 36–40. 

Hesperosoma languidum sp. nov. 36–37 habitus 38–40 aedeagus, lateral (38) and ventral (39) views, paramere (40). Scale bars: 2 mm (36–37), 0.2 mm (38–40).

Head (Fig. 12) 1.22 times as wide as long, rounded trapezoid, tempora regularly convex, eyes moderately protruding; surface with dense and shallow punctation, mostly contiguous; frons impunctate; with short, weakly delimited impunctate mid-line, extending from impunctate frons to about half of mid-length; antennae with segments 4–8 markedly oblong, segment 9 slightly oblong.

Pronotum 1.20 times as long as wide, slender, widest at level of large lateral seta, narrowed towards base in wide, but shallow concave arc; surface as densely and shallowly punctate as on head, with indistinct, short impunctate mid-line in posterior third; scutellum with dense and shallow punctation, interstices forming small transverse rugae.

Elytra as long as wide, exceedingly densely, shallowly punctate, punctures almost contiguous.

Abdominal tergites III–V with basal transverse depression, punctation of abdominal tergites III–V feeble at base; posterior halves of abdominal tergites III–V and entire surface of remaining tergites with very fine and dense punctation.

Male. Protarsomeres 1–4 moderately dilated, heart-shaped; sternite VII with patch of long bright yellow setae on median portion; sternite VIII with posterior margin emarginate at middle; aedeagus (Figs 38–40) with median lobe and paramere slightly asymmetrical, paramere (Fig. 40) relatively shorter than median lobe, aedeagus very similar to that of H. puetzi, but paramere narrower and apex of the median lobe markedly slender in lateral view.

Female. Unknown.

The specific epithet refers to the shallow punctation of the new species

China (Yunnan).

The new species is very similar to H. puetzi (Sichuan), but can be easily distinguished from it by smaller eyes with TL/EYL about 1.70 (1.47 in H. puetzi); head, pronotum and elytra with dense and shallow punctation (punctation in H. puetzi dense and coarse); abdominal tergites III–V without pit-like punctures in basal half. In appearance, it is also similar to H. flavoterminale (Sichuan), H. tarasovi from Laos and H. kleebergi from China (Xizang) and Nepal, but can be distinguished from H. flavoterminale and H. kleebergi by the antennal segments VIII–XI being creamy white (segments VII–XI creamy white in H. flavoterminale and H. kleebergi); and from H. tarasovi by the narrower head.

Holotype. China – Xizang Prov. • ♂; glued on a card with labels as follows: “China: Xizang A. R., Motuo County, Hanmi; alt. 2100 m; 23 Aug 2011; Wen-Xuan Bi leg.” “Holotype / Hesperosoma (s.str.) motuoense / Cai, Tang & Schillhammer” [red handwritten label]; SHNU. Paratypes. China – Xizang Prov. • 3♂♂; Motuo County, 80k; alt. 2100 m; 24 Aug 2011; Wen-Xuan Bi leg.; SHNU, NMW • 2♀♀; same locality, but 11 Aug 2013, Wen-Xuan Bi leg.; SHNU, NMW • 2♂♂; same locality, but 11 Aug 2013; Wen-Xuan Bi leg.; SHNU • 1♀; same locality, but 22 Jul 2013; Wen-Xuan Bi leg.; SHNU • 1♂; Zhucun-Bangxin; alt. 1850 m; 26 Aug 2013; Wen-Xuan Bi leg.; SHNU.

Male: BL: 10.54–14.54 mm, FL: 6.12–7.25 mm. HL: 1.77–2.07 mm, HW: 2.11–2.68 mm, EYL: 0.64–0.75 mm, TL: 0.83–1.05 mm, PL: 2.00–2.45 mm, PW: 1.77–2.19 mm, EL: 2.75–3.21 mm, EW: 2.75–3.28 mm. HW/HL: 1.19–1.34, TL/EYL: 1.25–1.44, PL/PW: 1.11–1.15, EL/EW: 0.94–1.00.

Female: BL: 13.23–15.49 mm, FL: 7.10–7.40 mm. HL: 1.96–2.07 mm, HW: 2.34–2.45 mm, EYL: 0.75–0.79 mm, TL: 0.94–1.02 mm, PL: 2.41–2.45 mm, PW: 2.07–2.15 mm, EL: 3.17–3.40 mm, EW: 3.25–3.40 mm. HW/HL: 1.16–1.20, TL/EYL: 1.25–1.29, PL/PW: 1.14–1.18, EL/EW: 0.96–1.00.

Head and pronotum brilliant metallic green to bluish-green, elytra brighter metallic green, bluish-green at shoulders, along sides and at posterolateral angles; abdomen with segments III–V reddish (in one specimen, abdomen with segments III–V reddish, medio-posterior portion darkened on segments IV and V), segments VI–VII dark brown, but segment VII with apical portion broadly yellow, segments VIII–IX entirely pale yellow; antennae with segments 1–6 black, base of segment 2 reddish, segments 7–11 creamy white; mandibles reddish with narrowly darkened medial and lateral margins; palpi dark reddish-brown with paler reddish tips; legs reddish-brown.

Head 1.16–1.34 times as wide as long, rounded trapezoid, tempora narrowed behind eyes; surface with moderately dense, simple punctation, punctures separated by about 1–2 puncture diameters in transverse direction; narrow anterior portion of frons impunctate; narrow impunctate mid-line extending from frons posteriad to mid-length; pubescence brownish; antennae with segments 4–7 markedly oblong, segments 8 and 9 slightly oblong, segment 10 about as long as wide.

Pronotum 1.11–1.18 times as long as wide, widest at about level of large lateral seta, narrowed towards base in distinct concave arc; punctation of surface similar to that of head, with narrow impunctate mid-line; scutellum densely furnished with pit-like punctures, but punctures, although almost contiguous, well isolated.

Elytra 0.94–1.00 times as long as wide, surface slightly uneven, with distinct depression between shoulders, scutellum and apical margin of elytra, along suture slightly elevated; punctation dense, but punctures not contiguous, separated by less than a puncture diameter in transverse direction; pubescence yellow, long and dense along suture and posterior elytral margin.

Abdominal tergites III–V with basal transverse depression; punctation of abdominal tergites III–V pit-like at base, gradually becoming finer towards apical margin, pit-like punctures occupying more than basal half on tergite III, about basal half on tergite IV and about basal third on tergite V; abdominal tergites VI–VIII with punctures similar in size, interstices smooth.

Male. Protarsomeres 1–4 moderately dilated, heart-shaped; sternite VII with patch of long yellow setae on median portion, posterior margin broadly emarginate at middle; sternite VIII with posterior margin emarginate at middle; aedeagus (Figs 43–45) with median lobe and paramere slightly asymmetrical, paramere (Fig. 45) shorter than median lobe and medio-apically emarginate.

Figures 41–46. 

Hesperosoma motuoense sp. nov. 41–42 habitus 43–45 aedeagus, lateral (43) and ventral (44) views, paramere (45) 46 female abdominal tergite X. Scale bars: 2 mm (41–42), 0.2 mm (43–46).

Female. Tergite X (Fig. 46) slightly asymmetrical with posterior margin projecting at middle.

The species is named after the type locality.

China (Xizang).

Externally, the species hardly differs from H. mishmiense Schillhammer, 2004 from India, but may be distinguished by the shape of the aedeagus (Figs 43–45): median lobe (lateral view) in H. motuoense sp. nov. broader than in H. mishmiense, paramere in H. motuoense sp. nov. with shallower medio-apical emargination.

China – Sichuan Prov. • 1♂; Luding County, Hailuogou, Caohaizi; alt. 2780 m; 28 Jun 2009; Li-Zhen Li leg.; SHNU • 1♂; Shimian County, Liziping, Yele Dam; 28°55'N, 102°13'E; alt. 2600 m; 15 Jul 2012; Peng, Dai & Yin leg.; SHNU • 1♀; Luding County, Hailuogou, Qingshibangou; alt. 2200 m; 20 Jul 2011; Hao Huang leg.; SHNU.

Male: BL: 12.83–13.20 mm, FL: 6.61–6.69 mm. HL: 1.89–1.92 mm, HW: 2.15–2.22 mm, EYL: 0.64–0.65 mm, TL: 0.94–0.96 mm, PL: 2.30–2.32 mm, PW: 1.92 mm, EL: 2.94–3.04 mm, EW: 3.02–3.07 mm. HW/HL: 1.14–1.16, TL/EYL: 1.47–1.48, PL/PW: 1.20–1.21, EL/EW: 0.97–0.99.

Female: BL: 12.30 mm, FL: 7.07 mm. HL: 1.92 mm, HW: 2.29 mm, EYL: 0.74 mm, TL: 0.93 mm, PL: 2.45 mm, PW: 1.98 mm, EL: 3.04 mm, EW: 3.25 mm. HW/HL: 1.19, TL/EYL: 1.26, PL/PW: 1.24, EL/EW: 0.94.

China (Sichuan).

Amongst the species of the nominal subgenus with four outer segments of antennae creamy white, H. puetzi may be easily recognised by the narrower head (HW/HL: 1.14–1.16 in H. puetzi, HW/HL: 1.22 in H. languidum, HW/HL: 1.29 in H. xizangense, HW/HL: 1.24–1.35 in H. chenchangchini) and other differences (see diagnoses in Hesperosoma (s.str.) xizangense sp. nov. and Hesperosoma (s.str.) languidum sp. nov.).

Figures 47–52. 

Hesperosoma puetzi 47–48 habitus 49–51 aedeagus, lateral (49) and ventral (50) views, paramere (51) 52 female abdominal tergite X. Scale bars: 2 mm (47–48), 0.2 mm (49–52).

Holotype. China – Xizang Prov. • ♂; glued on a card with labels as follows: “China: Xizang, Bomi County, Yigong; alt. 2397 m; 27 Jul 2016; Yan-Quan Lu leg.; mixed forest.” “Holotype / Hesperosoma (s.str.) xizangense / Cai, Tang & Schillhammer” [red handwritten label]; SHNU.

Measurements of male: BL: 13.67 mm, FL: 8.12 mm. HL: 2.26 mm, HW: 2.91 mm, EYL: 0.74 mm, TL: 1.24 mm, PL: 2.75 mm, PW: 2.34 mm, EL: 3.55 mm, EW: 3.59 mm. HW/HL: 1.29, TL/EYL: 1.68, PL/PW: 1.18, EL/EW: 0.99.

Head metallic dark blue to violaceous blue, pronotum and elytra metallic dark blue to violaceous with purplish hue; abdomen with segments III–VI black, segment VII black with posterior margin broadly reddish-yellow, segments VIII and X entirely reddish-yellow, segment IX reddish-yellow with apical half of latter blackish; antennae black, base and apex of segment 1 and 2 reddish, four outer segments creamy white; mandibles black, medial margin and distal portion of mandible dark reddish-brown; maxillary and labial palpi deep black, last segments sometimes slightly paler brownish.

Head (Fig. 11) 1.29 times as wide as long, rounded trapezoid, tempora narrowed towards neck in regular arc, eyes moderately protruding; surface with dense and coarse punctation, mostly contiguous; with short, weakly delimited impunctate mid-line, extending from frons to about half of mid-length; antennae with segments 4–8 markedly oblong, segments 9 and 10 about as long as wide.

Pronotum 1.18 times as long as wide, widest at level of large lateral seta, narrowed towards base in wide, but shallow concave arc; surface as densely and coarsely punctate as on head, with indistinct, short impunctate mid-line in posterior third; scutellum with dense and pit-like punctation, interstices forming small transverse rugae.

Elytra as long as wide, exceedingly densely, coarsely punctate, punctures almost contiguous.

Abdominal tergites III–V with basal transverse depression, punctation of abdominal tergites III–V large, but feeble at base; posterior halves of abdominal tergites III–V and entire surface of remaining tergites with very fine and dense punctuation.

Male. Protarsomeres 1–4 moderately dilated, heart-shaped; sternite VII with patch of long yellow setae on median portion and posterior margin broadly emarginate at middle; sternite VIII with posterior margin emarginate at middle; aedeagus (Figs 55–57) very similar to that of H. puetzi and H. xizangense sp. nov., but markedly larger, median lobe and paramere slightly asymmetrical, paramere (Fig. 57) shorter than median lobe and slightly bent to left side in ventral view.

Figures 53–57. 

Hesperosoma xizangense sp. nov. 53–54 habitus 55–57 aedeagus, lateral (55) and ventral (56) views, paramere (57). Scale bars: 2 mm (53–54), 0.2 mm (55–57).

Female. Unknown.

The species is named after the type locality

China (Xizang).

The new species is very similar externally to H. languidum sp. nov. (Yunnan) and H. puetzi (Sichuan), but can be recognised by the emarginated anterior margin of frons (Figs 8–9), as well as by the different shape of the aedeagus, especially the paramere, which is broad and truncate apically. Additionally, the head is wider, 1.29 times as wide as long (1.14–1.16 in H. puetzi, 1.22 in H. languidum sp. nov.), the mandibles are relatively darker (relatively lighter in H. puetzi and H. languidum sp. nov.) and the legs are relatively darker (relatively lighter in H. puetzi and H. languidum sp. nov.).

China – Sichuan Prov. • 1♀; Tianquan County, Lianglu Countryside; alt. 1400 m; 1 Aug 2011; Hao Huang leg.; SHNU.

Female. BL: 10.89 mm, FL: 5.28 mm. HL: 1.48 mm, HW: 1.89 mm, EYL: 0.56 mm, TL: 0.71 mm, PL: 1.76 mm, PW: 1.61 mm, EL: 2.29 mm, EW: 2.54 mm. HW/HL: 1.28, TL/EYL: 1.27, PL/PW: 1.09, EL/EW: 0.90.

Tergite X (Fig. 60) indistinctly asymmetrical with short apex.

China (Sichuan).

The collecting locality of the female specimen is about 68 km away from the type locality. The specimen corresponds with the original description and is, thus, temporarily assigned to H. alexpuchneri.

Figures 58–60. 

Hesperosoma alexpuchneri 58–59 habitus 60 female abdominal tergite X. Scale bars: 2 mm (58–59), 0.2 mm (60).

China – Yunnan Prov. • 1♂; Dehon District, Ruili City, Ruili Botanical Garden; alt. 1100 m; 03 May 2013; Wen-Xuan Bi leg.; SHNU • 1♀; Dehongmang, Yingjiang County, Tongbiguan Town, near Mangna Road; 24°36'59"N, 97°44'30"E; alt. 1550 m; 29 Jul 2019; Cheng & Shen leg.; mixed leaf litter; sifted; SHNU • 1♀; Dehongmang, Yingjiang County, Xima Town, near Yingxi Road; 24°37'53"N, 97°45'39"E; alt. 1469 m; 1 Aug 2019; Cheng & Shen leg.; mixed leaf litter; sifted; SHNU • 1♀; Nabanhe N. R., Chuguohe, Bengganghani; alt. 1750 m; 28 Apr 2009; Jia-Yao Hu & Zi-Wei Yin leg.; SHNU.

Male. BL: 9.77 mm, FL: 5.59 mm. HL: 1.51 mm, HW: 1.92 mm, EYL: 0.64 mm, TL: 0.64 mm, PL: 2.04 mm, PW: 1.81 mm, EL: 2.45 mm, EW: 2.45 mm. HW/HL: 1.27, TL/EYL: 1.00, PL/PW: 1.13, EL/EW: 1.00.

Female. BL: 8.95–10.58 mm, FL: 5.85–6.19 mm. HL: 1.51–1.58 mm, HW: 1.89–2.04 mm, EYL: 0.68–0.71 mm, TL: 0.60–0.68 mm, PL: 2.07–2.19 mm, PW: 1.77–1.89 mm, EL: 2.57–2.72 mm, EW: 2.68–2.87 mm. HW/HL: 1.25–1.30, TL/EYL: 0.85–1.00, PL/PW: 1.14–1.17, EL/EW: 0.92–0.96.

China (Yunnan), Laos and Myanmar. New to China.

The collecting locality of the male specimen is about 760 km away from the holotype locality in north-eastern Laos and about 210 km away from the paratype locality in Myanmar. The specimen fits the original description in all characters, but the medio-apical margin of the paramere looks slightly different as well as the apex of the median lobe in lateral view. The ventral view of the median lobe as depicted here is more representative of the species, as it is matching that of the other specimens of the type series. The shape of the paramere is here considered as within the variability range of this widespread species. The females correspond with the original description in all characters.

Figures 61–66. 

Hesperosoma brunkei 61–62 habitus 63–65 aedeagus, lateral (63) and ventral (64) views, paramere (65) 66 female abdominal tergite X. Scale bars: 2 mm (61–62), 0.2 mm (63–66).

China – Anhui Prov. • 1♂; Huangshan, Tangkou Town, Jiulongpu; 30°6'41.12"N, 118°12'37.74"E; alt. 760 m; 01 Jul 2020; Tang, Li & Zhou leg.; sifted; SHNU • 1♀; Huangshan, Tangkou Town, Hougu; 30°5'3.48"N, 118°8'45.96"E; alt. 569–688 m; 29 Jun –7 Jul 2020; Tang, Li & Zhou leg.; sifted; SHNU. – Fujian Prov. • 1♂; Wuyishan City, Guadun Vill; 27°44'N, 117°38'E; alt. 1200–1300 m; 24 May 2012; Peng & Dai leg.; SHNU • 1♂, 1♀; same collection data as for the preceding; but alt. 1200–1500 m; 25 May 2012 • 2♂♂; same collection data as for the preceding; but alt. 1200–1500 m; 26 May 2012 • 1♂; same collection data as for the preceding; but alt. 1300–1500 m; 27 May 2012. – Guangdong Prov. • 3♂♂; Ruyuan County, Nanling N. R.,Qingshui Valley; 24°54'57"N, 113°01'55"E; alt. 900 m; 04 May 2015; Peng, Tu & Zhou leg.; mixed forest, leaf litter, sifted; SHNU • 1♀; Ruyuan County, Nanling N. R.,Babaoshan station; 24°55'43"N, 113°00'58"E; alt. 1030 m; 25 Apr 2015; Z Peng, YY Tu & ZD Zhou leg.; decaying log; SHNU. – Guangxi Prov. • 1 ♂; Jinxiu County, ’16 km’; 24°08'11"N, 110°14'28"E; alt. 960 m; 25 Jul 2014; Peng, Song, Yu & Yan leg.; forest, leaf litter, sifted; SHNU • 1♂, 1♀; Jinxiu County, ’16 km’; 24°08'25"N, 110°15'38"E; alt. 960 m; 13 Jul 2014; Peng, Song, Yu & Yan leg.; beech forest, leaf litter, humus, sifted; SHNU. – Hunan Prov. • 1♂, 1♀; Yizhang County, Mang Mt.; 24°55'39"N, 112°59'28"E; alt. 1000–1200 m; 10 May 2020; Li & Wang leg.; FIT; SHNU. – Zhejiang Prov. • 1♂; Wuyanling; alt. 700 m; 9 May 2004; Hu, Tang & Zhu leg.; SHNU • 2♂♂; Longquan, Fengyang Mt., Guan Yin Tai; 27°55'23"N, 119°11'26"E; alt. 1100 m; 11 May 2019; Tang & Zhao leg.; sifted; SHNU • 1♂; Longquan, Fengyang Mt., Mihou Valley; 27°55'2"N, 119°11'37"E; alt. 950 m; 09 May 2019; Tang & Zhao leg.; sifted; SHNU • 1♂; same collection data as for the preceding; but 11 May 2019 • 1♀; Longquan City, Fengyangshan N. R., Lu’aocun Village; 27°55'19.66"N, 119°11'38.86"E; alt. 1076 m; 04 May 2016; Jiang, Liu & Zhou leg.; SHNU.

Male. BL: 10.23–13.98 mm, FL: 5.85–7.10 mm. HL: 1.61–1.89 mm, HW: 2.01–2.57 mm, EYL: 0.68–0.77 mm, TL: 0.68–0.86 mm, PL: 2.17–2.60 mm, PW: 1.76–2.23 mm, EL: 2.51–3.17 mm, EW: 2.57–3.32 mm. HW/HL: 1.25–1.36, TL/EYL: 1.00–1.16, PL/PW: 1.14–1.23, EL/EW: 0.95–0.99.

Female. BL: 11.72–13.36 mm, FL: 6.48–7.22 mm. HL: 1.71–1.92 mm, HW: 2.23–2.41 mm, EYL: 0.71–0.77 mm, TL: 0.77–0.83 mm, PL: 2.32–2.60 mm, PW: 2.01–2.23 mm, EL: 2.85–3.32 mm, EW: 2.91–3.32 mm. HW/HL: 1.25–1.30, TL/EYL: 1.00–1.13, PL/PW: 1.14–1.17, EL/EW: 0.96–1.00.

China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei and Zhejiang). New to Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi and Zhejiang.

Externally, the species hardly differs from H. meghalayense from India, but may be distinguished by the very different aedeagus (Figs 67–69) and, to some extent, geographically. From H. brunkei, it differs in the proximal antennomeres 3 and 4 being bright reddish and segments I–IV of maxillary palpi reddish.

Figures 67–72. 

Hesperosoma excellens 67–68 habitus 69–71 aedeagus, lateral (69) and ventral (70) views, paramere (71) 72 female abdominal tergite X. Scale bars: 2 mm (67–68), 0.2 mm (69–72).

China – Guizhou Prov. • 1♂; Rongjiang County, Xiaodanjiang; 26°20'16.09"N, 108°20'23.34"E; alt. 700 m; 5 May 2021; De-Yao Zhou leg.; SHNU • 1♀; Leishan County, Leigong Mt., Xiannütang; 26°22'22.11"N, 108°11'52.12"E; alt. 1550 m; 30 Apr 2021; Tang, Peng, Cai & Song leg.; SHNU.

Male. BL: 11.19 mm, FL: 6.17 mm. HL: 1.67 mm, HW: 2.29 mm, EYL: 0.71 mm, TL: 0.74 mm, PL: 2.17 mm, PW: 1.86 mm, EL: 2.76 mm, EW: 2.66 mm. HW/HL: 1.37, TL/EYL: 1.04, PL/PW: 1.17, EL/EW: 1.04.

Female. BL: 11.47 mm, FL: 6.11 mm. HL: 1.67 mm, HW: 2.17 mm, EYL: 0.65 mm, TL: 0.83 mm, PL: 2.11 mm, PW: 1.86 mm, EL: 2.69 mm, EW: 2.76 mm. HW/HL: 1.30, TL/EYL: 1.28, PL/PW: 1.13, EL/EW: 0.97.

Tergite X (Fig. 78) slightly asymmetrical with blunt apex.

China (Guizhou).

Hesperosoma guizhouense does not differ externally from two allopatric species, H. klapperichi and H. alexpuchneri, but it may be distinguished only by the shape of the aedeagus (Figs 73–75): paramere in H. guizhouense with relatively deeper medio-apical emargination, in H. klapperichi with relatively shallower medio-apical emargination and in H. alexpuchneri with acutely pointed apex. In one examined male specimen, the suture is reddish, which may be explained by the variability of the species.

Figures 73–78. 

Hesperosoma guizhouense 73–74 habitus 75–77 aedeagus, lateral (75) and ventral (76) views, paramere (77) 78 female abdominal tergite X. Scale bars: 2 mm (73–74), 0.2 mm (75–78).

China – Anhui Prov. • 2♂♂, 1♀; Huangshan, Tangkou Town, Hougu; 30°5'3.48"N, 118°8'45.96"E; alt. 569–688 m; 29 Jun –3 Jul 2020; Chong Li leg.; pitfall trapped; SHNU. – Fujian Prov. • 1♂; Wuyishan City, Guadun Vill; 27°44'N, 117°38'E; alt. 1200–1500 m; 26 May 2012; Peng & Dai leg.; SHNU. – Guangxi Prov. • 7♂♂, 1♀; Jinxiu County, ’16 km’; 24°08'25"N, 110°15'38"E; alt. 960 m; 13 Jul 2014; Peng, Song, Yu & Yan leg.; beech forest, mixed leaf litter, humus, shifted; SHNU • 1♀; Jinxiu County, ’16 km’; 24°08'11"N, 110°14'28"E; alt. 960 m; 25 Jul 2014; Peng, Song, Yu & Yan leg.; forest, leaf litter, shifted; SHNU • 1♂, 1♀; Jinxiu County, Laoshan Forest Farm; 24°07'17"N, 110°11'54"E; alt. 840 m; 18 Jul 2014; Peng, Song, Yu & Yan leg.; beech forest, mixed leaf litter, humus, shifted; SHNU • 1♀; Lingui County, Huaping, Anjiangping; alt. 1200 m; 16 Jul 2011; L Tang & W-J He leg.; SHNU • 2♂♂; Jinxiu County, Dayaoshan, Luoyingou; alt. 1200 m; 15 Jul 2016; Jin-Teng Zhao leg.; SHNU • 1♀; Jinxiu County, Yinshan Conservation Station; 24°10'01"N, 110°14'38"E; alt. 1200 m; 10 Jul 2014; Peng, Song, Yu & Yan leg.; beech forest, mixed leaf litter, shifted; SHNU. – Hunan Prov. • 1♀; Xinning County, Shunhuang Mt., Yangheping; 26°23'41.58"N, 111°00'08.16"E; alt. 820 m; 2 May 2021; Yin, Zhang, Pan & Shen leg.; SHNU.

Male. BL: 9.51–12.15 mm, FL: 5.82–6.69 mm. HL: 1.55–1.82 mm, HW: 2.20–2.79 mm, EYL: 0.65–0.74 mm, TL: 0.71–0.93 mm, PL: 2.07–2.32 mm, PW: 1.79–2.13 mm, EL: 2.57–3.07 mm, EW: 2.51–3.01 mm. HW/HL: 1.39–1.53, TL/EYL: 1.04–1.31, PL/PW: 1.09–1.17, EL/EW: 1.00–1.02.

Female. BL: 10.14–12.77 mm, FL: 6.07–6.66 mm. HL: 1.61–1.79 mm, HW: 2.13–2.38 mm, EYL: 0.65–0.74 mm, TL: 0.74–0.86 mm, PL: 2.13–2.38 mm, PW: 1.89–2.07 mm, EL: 2.54–2.97 mm, EW: 2.69–3.10 mm. HW/HL: 1.30–1.44, TL/EYL: 1.08–1.17, PL/PW: 1.13–1.16, EL/EW: 0.94–0.98.

China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Hubei and Hunan). New to Anhui, Guangxi and Hunan.

The species is very similar to H. miwai, but may be distinguished by the paler, almost entirely reddish tibiae. From H. guizhouense and H. alexpuchneri, the main distinguishing character is the aedeagus (Figs 81–83) (see diagnosis in H. guizhouense).

Figures 79–84. 

Hesperosoma klapperichi 79–80 habitus 81–83 aedeagus, lateral (81) and ventral (82) views, paramere (83) 84 female abdominal tergite X. Scale bars: 2 mm (79–80), 0.2 mm (81–84).

China – Taiwan • 1♂; Pingtung, Tai-wu, Pei-ta-wu-shan; 22°37'47"N, 120°45'32"E; alt. 1300 m; 10 Oct 2017; Chung leg.; SHNU.

Male. BL: 10.73 mm, FL: 5.82 mm. HL: 1.62 mm, HW: 2.15 mm, EYL: 0.64 mm, TL: 0.79 mm, PL: 1.96 mm, PW: 1.77 mm, EL: 2.49 mm, EW: 2.41 mm. HW/HL: 1.33, TL/EYL: 1.23, PL/PW: 1.11, EL/EW: 1.03.

China (Taiwan).

Externally, the species is very similar to H. guizhouense, H. klapperichi and H. alexpuchneri, both in colouration and shape, but it differs mainly, in addition to the aedeagus (Figs 87–89) and geography, by all tibiae being predominantly black.

Figures 85–89. 

Hesperosoma miwai 85–86 habitus 87–89 aedeagus, lateral (87) and ventral (88) views, paramere (89). Scale bars: 2 mm (85–86), 0.2 mm (87–89).

Holotype. China – Hunan Prov. • ♂; glued on a card with labels as follows: “China: Hunan, Yanling County, Nanfengmian; 26°18'10"N, 114°00'12"E; alt. 1620 m; 26 May 2014; Peng, Shen, Yu & Yan leg.; mixed forest, leaf litter, wood sifted” “Holotype / Hesperosoma (Paramichrotus) parvioculatum / Cai, Tang & Schillhammer” [red handwritten label]; SHNU. Paratypes. China – Hunan Prov. • 1♂; Yizhang County, Mang Mt.; 24°55'39"N, 112°59'28"E; alt. 1000–1200 m; 10 May 2020; Li & Wang leg.; FIT; NMW • 1♀; same collection data as for the preceding; but 17 Jul 2020; SHNU. – Hubei Prov. • 1♂, Wufeng County, Houhe Natural Reserve; 30°05'09"N, 110°33'05"E; alt. 1160 m; 08 Jul 2013; Dai, Peng & Xie leg.; along path in a mixed forest; bamboo; leaf litter; sifted; SHNU.

Measurements of male: BL: 10.61–13.33 mm, FL: 6.35–6.73 mm. HL: 1.58–1.79 mm, HW: 2.57–2.79 mm, EYL: 0.62–0.71 mm, TL: 0.86–0.96 mm, PL: 2.15–2.38 mm, PW: 1.95–2.11 mm, EL: 2.85–3.04 mm, EW: 2.83–3.10 mm. HW/HL: 1.48–1.63, TL/EYL: 1.35–1.39, PL/PW: 1.08–1.13, EL/EW: 0.98–1.01.

Measurements of female: BL: 13.79 mm, FL: 6.82 mm. HL: 1.83 mm, HW: 2.384 mm, EYL: 0.71 mm, TL: 0.92 mm, PL: 2.42 mm, PW: 2.07 mm, EL: 3.01 mm, EW: 3.13 mm. HW/HL: 1.30, TL/EYL: 1.30, PL/PW: 1.17, EL/EW: 0.96.

Head, pronotum and scutellum black; elytra red, with a large black patch with faint bluish hue, nearly occupying posterior two thirds, continuing on to hypomeron, but not reaching ventro-lateral margin, posterior margin and suture narrowly yellowish-red; abdomen with segments III–V reddish, VI black with anterior margin narrowly reddish, VII black with posterior margin narrowly yellowish, VIII with proximal half yellowish and distal half black, IX dark brown, X black, narrowly, obscurely reddish at base; antennae with segments 1–7 black, base and apex of segment 1, 2 and base of segment 3 reddish, segments 8–11 creamy white; mandibles dark reddish-brown; maxillary palpi reddish, labial palpi with segments 1 and 3 reddish, segment 2 black brown; legs reddish-yellow, femora reddish-brown.

Head 1.48–1.63 times as long as wide, rounded trapezoid, tempora narrowed behind eyes; dorsal surface coarsely and very densely punctate, punctures contiguous, including clypeus; antennae rather short, antennae with segments 4–7 weakly oblong, segments 8 and 10 about as long as wide.

Pronotum 1.08–1.13 times as long as wide, widest at about level of large antero-lateral seta, narrowed towards base in weak concave arc, surface with dense and coarse punctation similar to that on head, with narrow impunctate mid-line, ground pubescence slightly more obvious than that on head; scutellum uniformly, densely punctate, space between punctures with very fine wavy microsculpture.

Elytra as long as wide, along sides distinctly longer than pronotum, with slightly uneven surface, densely punctate and pubescent, with distinct depression between shoulders, scutellum and apical margin of elytra; pubescence yellow, long and dense along suture and posterior elytral margin.

Abdominal tergites III–V with transverse basal depression and pair of short oblique basal carinae, punctation very sparse and rather coarse basally and laterally, gradually becoming finer towards apical margin, tergites VI–VIII entirely with fine and uniform punctation and pubescence, colour of pubescence corresponding with colour of integument underneath; legs long and slender.

Male. Protarsomeres 1–4 moderately dilated, heart-shaped; sternite VII with the usual setose groove and patch of long yellow setae on median portion, posterior margin broadly emarginate at middle; sternite VIII with posterior margin emarginate at middle; aedeagus (Figs 92–94) with apex of median lobe broad, anterior margin with gibbosities at middle (ventral view); paramere (Fig. 94) with narrow apical portion, shorter than median lobe.

Female. Tergite X (Fig. 95) slightly asymmetrical with short apex.

Figures 90–95. 

Hesperosoma parvioculatum sp. nov. 90–91 habitus 92–94 aedeagus, lateral (92) and ventral (93) views, paramere (94) 95 female abdominal tergite X. Scale bars: 2 mm (90–91), 0.2 mm (92–95).

The specific epithet refers to the small eyes of the new species.

China (Hubei and Hunan).

Externally, H. parvioculatum sp. nov. is virtually identical to H. nigricolle from Myanmar, but differs mainly, aside from the distribution, by the shape of the aedeagus: paramere with narrow apical portion (paramere with broad apical portion, distinctly bilobed in H. nigricolle); the wider head with HW/HL about 1.48–1.63 (1.35 in H. nigricolle); posterior angles of the head being rounded (slightly prominent in H. nigricolle); legs reddish-yellow, femora reddish-brown (legs reddish to yellowish-red, distal halves of femora black in H. nigricolle). In appearance, it is also similar to H. klapperichi, H. alexpuchneri, H. guizhouense and H. yunnanense, but can be distinguished from H. klapperichi, H. alexpuchneri and H. guizhouense by the larger black elytral patch, occupying more than half of the elytral disc. From H. yunnanense, it is distinguished by the smaller eyes with TL/EYL about 1.35–1.39 (1.18–1.29 in H. yunnanense) and the wider head with HW/HL about 1.48–1.63 (1.26–1.40 in H. yunnanense).

China – Yunnan Prov. • 1♂, 1♀; Yinjiang County, Sudian Town, Maocaozhaicun; 25°08'10"N, 97°52'44"E; alt. 1900 m; 15–18 May 2020; Lu Qiu leg; SHNU • 1♂; Baoshan City, Baihualing; 25°16'46"N, 98°47'20"E; alt. 1350–1450 m; 22 Apr 2013; Song, Peng & Dai leg.; SHNU • 1♂; Nabanhe N. R., Bengganghani, Nanmugaha; alt. 1650 m; 30 Apr 2009; Jia-Yao Hu & Zi-Wei Yin leg.; SHNU • 1♂; Lingcang City., Wumulong, Xinfangzi; 25.17N, 99.69E; alt. 2450 m; 16 Jun 2015; Mao Ye leg.; SHNU • 1♀; Nabanhe N. R., Bengganghani; alt. 2000 m; 29 Apr 2009; Jia-Yao Hu & Zi-Wei Yin leg.; SHNU.

Male. BL: 9.76–10.73 mm, FL: 5.51–6.01 mm. HL: 1.45–1.67 mm, HW: 1.89–2.33 mm, EYL: 0.55–0.68 mm, TL: 0.71–0.89 mm, PL: 1.89–2.11 mm, PW: 1.70–1.92 mm, EL: 2.35–2.78 mm, EW: 2.38–2.79 mm. HW/HL: 1.30–1.40, TL/EYL: 1.18–1.38, PL/PW: 1.08–1.13, EL/EW: 0.96–1.00.

Female. BL: 10.72–11.56 mm, FL: 6.07–6.11 mm. HL: 1.58–1.64 mm, HW: 2.01–2.10 mm, EYL: 0.62–0.65 mm, TL: 0.77–0.80 mm, PL: 2.04–2.13 mm, PW: 1.88–1.89 mm, EL: 2.69–2.72 mm, EW: 2.79–2.82 mm. HW/HL: 1.27–1.28, TL/EYL: 1.18–1.29, PL/PW: 1.08–1.13, EL/EW: 0.95–0.96.

China (Yunnan).

Externally, the species is similar to H. miwai, H. klapperichi, H. guizhouense and H. alexpuchneri, both in colouration and shape and differs mainly in the much larger black elytral spot, occupying the apical two thirds of each elytron. For differences with H. parvioculatum, see diagnosis under that species.

Figures 96–101. 

Hesperosoma yunnanense 96–97 habitus 98–100 aedeagus, lateral (98) and ventral (99) views, paramere (100) 101 female abdominal tergite X. Scale bars: 2 mm (96–97), 0.2 mm (98–101).