Research Article |
Corresponding author: Charles Oliver Coleman ( oliver.coleman@mfn.berlin ) Academic editor: Alan Myers
© 2021 Myung-Hwa Shin, Charles Oliver Coleman.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Shin M-H, Coleman CO (2021) A new species of Ampithoe (Amphipoda, Ampithoidae) from Korea, with a redescription of A. tarasovi. ZooKeys 1079: 129-143. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1079.73443
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An ampithoid species, previously known as A. tarasovi in Korea, is assigned as a new species, A. changbaensis sp. nov. based on the reexamination of the holotype of A. tarasovi. The new species shows different morphological characteristics compared to A. tarasovi, especially in male gnathopods 1 and 2. The type material of A. tarasovi is redescribed and illustrated here and a key to the Korean species of Ampithoe is provided.
Ampithoe changbaensis sp. nov., Crustacea, new species, Russia, taxonomy
The genus Ampithoe Leach, 1814 is a herbivorous amphipod group associated with algae and seagrasses in coastal regions worldwide (
To date, eight species of the genus Ampithoe have been reported from Korea: A. akuolaka J.L. Barnard, 1970; A. brevipalma Kim & Kim, 1988; A. lacertosa Bate, 1858; A. ramondi Audouin, 1826; A. shimizuensis Stephensen, 1944; A. tarasovi Bulycheva, 1952; A. valida Smith, 1873; and A. youngsanensis Kim & Kim, 1988 (
For a precise identification of species, type specimens and detailed original descriptions are essential for taxonomy and a flawless identification. If type material is lost and the original texts and illustrations are short and poor in quality, it may lead to misidentifications of species.
In this study, the holotype of A. tarasovi collected in Russia was reexamined. Through the examination, the Korean material of A. tarasovi was identified as a distinct species having morphological characteristics differing from the type material of A. tarasovi. The examined specimens (previously known as A. tarasovi in Korea) are assigned as a new species, A. changbaensis sp. nov., which is described based on the specimens previously misidentified as A. tarasovi by
To designate the type material of the new species, the specimens which have been deposited at the Laboratory of Systematics and Molecular Evolution in the Seoul National University were used. Other material was collected in Korea among algae in tide pools, in the intertidal zone, and in shallow water at low tide. The holotype of Ampithoe tarasovi was loaned from the Moscow Museum, Russia, and examined at the crustacean department of Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Germany.
The specimens were analyzed and pencil drawn under a dissection microscope (Leica M250C), and appendages and mouthparts were drawn under a Leica DMLB; both microscopes were equipped with a camera lucida. The line drawings were made using the technique described by
Ampithoidae Boeck, 1871
Ampithoe lacertosa:
Ampithoe tarasovi:
Hamo beach, Jeju-do, South Korea.
Holotype. Male, 17.6 mm (MABIK CR00248547), Hamo beach, Daejeong-eup, Seogwipo-si, Jejo-do, Korea (33°12'37.01"N, 126°15'44.34"E), 30 May 2007, coll. Shin and Hong.
Paratype. Female, 22.3 mm (MABIK CR00248548); male and female, 16–21 mm (MABIK CR00248549); 2 males and 1 female, 17–20 mm (MABIK CR00248550), same data as the holotype.
3 males, Hamo beach (MABIK CR00248551), Daejeong-eup, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do, Korea (33°12'37.01"N, 126°15'44.34"E), 30 May 2007; 3 males and female (MABIK CR00248552), Gujwa-eup, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Korea (33°32'2.58"N, 126°50'27.25"E), 15 Mar. 2017; male and 3 females (MABIK CR00248553), Deajin port, Hyeonnae-myeon, Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea (38°29'55.42"N, 128°25'35.53"E), 21 Jun. 2019.
The new species is named in honor to Prof. Chang Bae Kim, an early amphipodologist of Korea, who collected and described the species firstly from Jeju, Korea in 1987.
Based on holotype male, 17.6 mm. Body (Figs
Head. Antenna 1 longer than antenna 2; peduncular article 1 subequal in length to article 2; article 2 longer than article 3 (2.3 times article 3); article 3 shorter than article 1 (0.5 times article 1).
Antenna 2 slender, similar to antenna 1; peduncular article 4 subequal in length to article 5; flagellum longer than peduncular article 5.
Upper lip with midlateral notch on margins.
Mandible molar well developed, triturating; palp apically setose, 3-articulate; mandibular palp article 1 shorter than article 2 (0.5 times article 2); article 2 shorter than article 3 (0.7 times article 3); article 3 longer than article 1 (3 times article 1).
Lower lip outer plates forming a medial excavation, lateral lobe slightly longer than medial lobe; mandibular lobe curved laterally, subacute apically.
Maxilla 1 inner plate with 1 slender seta; palp well developed, with apical robust setae.
Maxilla 2 inner plate narrower than outer plate, with oblique setal row.
Maxilliped outer plate with developed row of large robust setae along medial margin.
Pereon. Gnathopod 1 (Fig.
Gnathopod 2 (Fig.
Pereopod 3 basis narrow; merus narrow; carpus about twice as long as broad.
Pereopod 4 basis similar to pereopod 3.
Pereopod 5 (Fig.
Pereopod 6 basis posterior margin rounded proximally, straight distally, with marginal robust setae; merus subrectangular.
Pereopod 7 (Fig.
Pleon. Epimera 1–3 with lateral ridges; epimera 2 and 3 subrounded posterodistally, with rounded tooth on each posteroventral angle. Epimeron 1 rounded posterodistally, with tooth on posteroventral angle; epimeron 2 ventral margin evenly curved; epimeron 3 ventral margin straight.
Uropod 1 reaching to end of uropod 2 rami; inner ramus longer than outer ramus; outer ramus slender, about 6 times as long as broad.
Uropod 2 inner ramus longer than outer ramus.
Uropod 3 (Fig.
Telson (Fig.
Littoral (1–2 m).
Jeju, East Sea of Korea, South Sea of Korea.
This species has been recognized as A. tarasovi in Korea since the species was described and illustrated by
Ampithoe changbaensis sp. nov. is similar to A. prolata Hughes & Peart, 2013; however, it can be distinguished from this species by the following characteristics: (1) presence of marginal setae on merus, carpus and propodus of male gnathopod 1; (2) swollen basis of male gnathopod 1; (3) subrectangular and trapezoid shape of propodus of male gnathopod 2; and (4) truncated posterior margin of carpus of female gnathopod 1.
Ampithoe tarasovi
Bulycheva, 1952: 246, fig. 38.
Male, collected by Tarasov from De-Kastri, Sea of Japan, 3 Aug. 1929.
Based on holotype male, 14.3 mm (re-measured along the midbody line from the tip of the rostrum to the posterior end of urosomite 3), deposited at the Moscow Museum, Russia (no. 1/21349).
Head (Fig.
Mandible (Fig.
Lower lip (Fig.
Maxilla 1 (Fig.
Maxilla 2 (Fig.
Maxilliped (Figs
Pereon. Gnathopod 1 (Fig.
Gnathopod 2 (Figs
Pereopod 3 (Fig.
Pereopod 4 (Fig.
Pereopod 5 (Fig.
Pleon. Epimera 1–3 (Fig.
Uropod 1 (Fig.
Uropod 2 (Fig.
Uropod 3 (Fig.
Telson (Fig.
Sexual dimorphic female, 15.3 mm.
Gnathopod 1 (Fig.
Gnathopod 2 (Fig.
Distribution of the species of Ampithoe in coastal regions of Korea: EC, Eastern coast; WC, Western coast; SC, Southern coast; JC, Jeju coast (distribution data cited from
Species | Coastal region | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
EC | WC | SC | JC | |
A. akuolaka | – | – | ◎ | – |
A. brevipalma | ◎ | – | ◎ | – |
A. lacertosa | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ |
A. ramondi | ◎ | – | ◎ | ◎ |
A. shimizuensis | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ |
A. valida | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ |
A. youngsanensis | – | – | ◎ | ◎ |
A. changbaensis sp. nov. | ◎ | – | ◎ | ◎ |
Sublittoral (0–24 m).
Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan.
This species has the following characteristics: the apical and medial lobes of the outer lobes are separated in the lower lip; the carpus of male gnathopod 1 is about 1.8 times as long as the propodus; the palm of the male gnathopod 2 has a sloped quadrate hump and posterodistal tooth.
1 | In male, gnathopod 2, propodus subovoid or not large; palm acute or not | 2 |
– | In male, gnathopod 2, propodus large subrectangular; palm transverse or nearly so | 5 |
2 | Gnathopod 2, palm extremely acute, not defined in male | A. youngsanensis |
– | Gnathopod 2, palm not acute in male | 3 |
3 | Gnathopod 2, palm concave, defined with angle in male | A. brevipalma |
– | Gnathopod 2, palm incised, with distinct lobe in male | 4 |
4 | Gnathopod 2, propodus with pointed thumb-like lobe in male A. akuolaka | |
– | Gnathopod 2, propodus with rounded thumb-like lobe in male A. ramondi | |
5 | Epimeron 3 without tooth on posteroventral angle | 6 |
– | Epimeron 3 with subacute tooth on posteroventral angle | 7 |
6 | In male antenna 2, peduncular article 4 compressed and expanded | A. shimizuensis |
– | In male antenna 2, peduncular article 4 not expanded, ordinary | A. valida |
7 | In male, gnathopod 2, carpus and propodus with dense marginal setae; palm with quadrate hump; gnathopod 1, basis expanded anterodistally in male | A. changbaensis sp. nov. |
– | In male, gnathopod 2, carpus and propodus without dense setae; palm without hump; gnathopod 1, basis not expanded anterodistally in male | 7 |
We are thankful to the anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on the manuscript. We are grateful to Dr Jim Lowry (Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW, Australia) for permitting us to use his DELTA database of ampithoid species of the world. We would like to thank Natalia L. Demchenko for kindly translating the Russian label on the specimens of A. tarasovi.
This study was supported by the National Marine Biodiversity Institute Research Program (2021M00100).