Research Article |
Corresponding author: Xian-Jin Peng ( xjpeng@126.com ) Academic editor: Jeremy Miller
© 2021 Bing Li, Cheng Wang, Xian-Jin Peng.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Li B, Wang C, Peng X-J (2021) Four new species of the spider genus Synagelides Strand, 1906 from South China (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 1074: 175-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1074.72823
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Four new species of the jumping spider genus Synagelides Strand, 1906 from Guizhou and Yunnan, China are described: Synagelides angustus sp. nov. (♀), S. latus sp. nov. (♂♀), S. subagoriformis sp. nov. (♂♀), and S. triangulus sp. nov. (♀). Photographs of the habitus and copulatory organs and a distributional map are provided.
Ant-like spider, jumping spider, taxonomy, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau
Salticidae Blackwall, 1841, represented by 6345 species in 658 genera, is the most diverse spider family worldwide (
Recently, while examining spider specimens collected from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, four species of the genus Synagelides were identified as new to science and are described here.
The specimens were collected mainly by beating shrubs and screening leaf litter. All specimens were preserved in 75% ethanol and are deposited in the museum of Tongren University (TRU), Tongren, China. The specimens were examined with an Olympus SZ51 stereomicroscope. Epigynums were cleared in Trypsin enzyme solution before examination and imaging. Left male palps, legs I, and chelicerae were used for illustration. Photographs were taken with a Kuy Nice CCD mounted on an Olympus BX51 compound microscope. Compound focus images were generated using Helicon Focus v. 6.7.1 software. All measurements are given in millimeters. Leg measurements are given as: total length (femur, patella + tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). References to figures in the literature are listed in lowercase type (fig. or figs); figures in this paper are noted with an initial capital (Fig. or Figs). Terminology follows
ALE anterior lateral eye
AME anterior median eye
AR atrial ridge
BTA basal tibial apophysis
CD copulatory duct
CO copulatory opening
DCA dorsal cymbial apophysis
E embolus
EFL eye field length
F fold
FD fertilization duct
GD gland duct
H hood
MA median apophysis
MS median septum
PCA prolateral cymbial apophysis
PERW posterior eye row width
PLE posterior lateral eye
RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis
S spermatheca
SD sperm duct
Genus Synagelides Strand, 1906
Holotype. ♀ (TRU-JS 651): China: Guizhou Province: Jiangkou County: Dewang Township: Baxi Village, 27°51.68'N, 108°36.88'E, elevation: 897 m, 15.VI.2015, P. Luo, X. Kuang, G. Liu, T. Liu, Z. Liao, M. Liao and C. Wang leg. Paratype. 1♀ (TRU-JS 652), same locality as holotype, 13.VII.2013, X. Mi and M. Liao leg.
The specific name is from the Latin “angustus” and refers to the long and narrow epigynal median septum; adjective.
Synagelides angustus sp. nov. resembles S. subgambosus
Female (holotype). Total length 4.06. Carapace 1.59 long, 1.19 wide. Abdomen 2.41 long, 1.55 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME: 0.40, ALE: 0.22, PLE: 0.21, AREW: 1.22, PERW: 1.22, EFL: 1.01. Leg measurements: I: 4.07 (1.27, 2.07, 0.41, 0.32); II: 2.75 (0.85, 1.02, 0.56, 0.32); III: 3.00 (0.85, 1.02, 0.76, 0.37); IV: 4.28 (1.17, 1.61, 1.10, 0.40). Carapace (Fig.
Male. Unknown.
Guizhou Province, China (Fig.
Holotype. ♂ (TRU-JS 653): China: Yunnan Province: Nanjian County: Baohua Town: A’pa Village, 24°51.60'N, 100°26.00'E, elevation: 2310 m, 11.VIII.2015, C. Wang, Z. Liao, P. Luo and G. Liu leg. Paratype. 1♀ (TRU-JS 654), same date as the holotype.
The specific name is from the Latin “latus”, and refers to the wide basal tibial apophysis; adjective.
Synagelides latus sp. nov. resembles S. wuliangensis
Male (holotype). Total length 2.93. Carapace 1.24 long, 1.03 wide. Abdomen 1.56 long, 0.89 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME: 0.33, ALE: 0.19, PLE: 0.18, AREW: 0.99, PERW: 1.08, EFL: 0.88. Leg measurements: I: 4.59 (1.39, 2.32, 0.56, 0.32); II: 2.47 (0.73, 0.88, 0.54, 0.32); III: 2.64 (0.76, 0.90, 0.66, 0.32); IV: 3.32 (0.95, 1.27, 0.78, 0.32). Carapace (Fig.
Synagelides latus sp. nov. A epigynum, ventral view B internal genitalia, dorsal view C holotype habitus, dorsal view D holotype habitus, ventral view E paratype habitus, dorsal view F holotype chelicera, posterior view G holotype leg I, prolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm A, B, F; 0.5 mm C–E, G.
Female (paratype). Total length 4.30. Carapace 1.65 long, 1.22 wide. Abdomen 2.56 long, 1.44 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME: 0.40, ALE: 0.22, PLE: 0.21, AREW: 1.18, PERW: 1.28, EFL: 1.10. Leg measurements: I: 4.03 (1.27, 1.90, 0.49, 0.37); II: 2.75 (0.85, 1.02, 0.56, 0.32); III: 2.98 (0.88, 1.02, 0.76, 0.32); IV: 4.05 (1.15, 1.51, 1.02, 0.37). Habitus (Fig.
Yunnan Province, China (Fig.
Holotype. ♂ (TRU-JS 655): China: Guizhou Province: Tongren City: Shiqian County: Ganxi Town: Fuyan Village, 27°21.46'N, 108°20.26'E, elevation: 859 m, 28–30.IV.2017, X. Mi, C. Wang, Y. Mi, S. Lei, G. Tian and H. Liu leg. Paratypes. 2♀♀ (TRU-JS 656–657), China: Guizhou Province: Tongren City: Shiqian County: Pingshan Town: Fodingshan Village, 27°21.50'N, 108°09.35'E, elevation: 859 m, 12.VII.2017, X. Mi, C. Wang, G. Tian and H. Liu leg.; 1♀ (TRU-JS 658), same locality as the holotype, 27°21.65'N, 108°01.98'E, elevation: 708 m, 16.VII.2017, X. Mi, C. Wang, F. Li, G. Tian and H. Liu leg.; 4♂♂, 3♀♀ (TRU-JS 659–665), same date as the holotype.
The specific name is from its similarity to S. agoriformis Strand, 1906; substantive.
Synagelides subagoriformis sp. nov. most closely resembles S. agoriformis Strand, 1906, but it differs from S. agoriformis by the following characters: 1) RTA present in S. subagoriformis sp. nov. (Fig.
Male (holotype). Total length 3.44. Carapace 1.67 long, 1.22 wide. Abdomen 1.75 long, 1.01 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME: 0.41, ALE: 0.24, PLE: 0.21, AREW: 1.24, PERW: 1.21, EFL: 1.01. Leg measurements: I: 4.37 (1.34, 2.20, 0.49, 0.34); II: 2.72 (0.83, 0.98, 0.59, 0.32); III: 2.87 (0.85, 1.00, 0.68, 0.34); IV: 3.87 (1.07, 1.46, 0.93, 0.41). Carapace (Fig.
Synagelides subagoriformis sp. nov. A epigynum, ventral view B, C internal genitalia, dorsal view D holotype habitus, dorsal view E holotype habitus, ventral view F female paratype habitus, dorsal view G holotype chelicera, posterior view H holotype leg I, prolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm A–C, G; 0.5 mm D–F, H.
Female (paratype, TRU-JS 656). Total length 4.96. Carapace 2.22 long, 1.59 wide. Abdomen 2.67 long, 1.57 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME: 0.52, ALE: 0.28, PLE: 0.26, AREW: 1.61, PERW: 1.62, EFL: 1.33. Leg measurements: I: 4.99 (1.54, 2.54, 0.54, 0.37); II: 3.49 (1.10, 1.29, 0.73, 0.37); III: 3.76 (1.10, 1.34, 0.95, 0.37); IV: 5.25 (1.46, 2.01, 1.32, 0.46). Habitus (Fig.
Guizhou Province, China (Fig.
Holotype. ♀ (TRU-JS 666): China: Yunnan Province: Kunming City: Xishan Forest Park: 24°59.00'N, 102°37.01'E, elevation: 2117 m, 9.VIII.2015, C. X. Mi, C. Wang, M. Liao, Z. Liao, P. Luo, X. Kuang, T. Liu and G. Liu leg. Paratypes. 1♀ (TRU-JS 667), same locality as the holotype, 13.VII.2013; 1♀ (TRU-JS 668), same locality as the holotype, 16.VIII.2018, C. Wang, H. Liu and Y. Yang leg.
The specific name is from the Latin “triangulus” and refers to the triangular epigynal hood; adjective.
Synagelides triangulus sp. nov. most closely resembles S. hamatus
Female (holotype). Total length 5.68. Carapace 2.36 long, 1.68 wide. Abdomen 3.27 long, 1.86 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME: 0.35, ALE: 0.19, PLE: 0.18, AREW: 1.06, PERW: 1.16, EFL: 0.92. Leg measurements: I: 3.44 (1.05, 1.61, 0.46, 0.32); II: 2.53 (0.78, 0.95, 0.51, 0.29); III: 2.59 (0.73, 0.93, 0.61, 0.32); IV: 3.73 (1.07, 1.44, 0.88, 0.34). Carapace (Fig.
Male. Unknown.
The manuscript benefitted greatly from comments by Jeremy A. Miller (Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden), Dmitri V. Logunov (The Manchester Museum, University of Manchester, Manchester), Joseph Schubert (Entomology/Arachnology, Museums Victoria, Victoria) and Takeshi Yamasaki (Museum of Nature and Human Activities, University of Hyogo, Sanda-shi). Dr Stephanie F. Loria (American Museum of Natural History, New York) kindly checked the English of the manuscript. This study was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC-30970327, 31272271, 31272272, 31301861, 31660609), Natural Science Research Project Foundation of Guizhou Province of education [grant number KY [2018] 345], and the Science and Technology Project Foundation ([2020] 1Z014) and Key Laboratory Project ([2020] 2003) of Guizhou Province.