Portia schultzi Karsch, 1878

The genus Portia can be distinguished from other genera of the subfamily Spartaeinae by the dorsum of the abdomen with distinct tufts, the ventral tibiae with long fan-like fringes, and the malp palp with a dorsal cymbium flange (Zhang and Li 2005).

Holotype: China • 1 ♀; Hainan Province, Changjiang County, Bawang National Forest Park; 19.023°N, 109.103°E, alt. 692 m; 19 July 2012; F.X. Liu, D. Li and X. Xu leg.; DL-002-013-2012. Paratypes: China • 1 ♀; same data as for the holotype; 19.027°N, 109.101°E, alt. 702 m; 7 August 2017; F.X. Liu, D. Li and X. Xu leg.; DL-003-002-2017 • 2 ♀♀; Hainan Province, Ledong County, Jianfeng National Forest Park; 19.296°N, 109.074°E, alt. 565–1005 m; 22 July 2012; F.X. Liu, D. Li and X. Xu leg.; DL-002-018-2012, DL-002-022-2012 • 1 ♀; Hainan Province, Lingshui County, Diaoluo National Forest Park; 18.400°N, 109.559°E, alt. 105 m; 21 June 2011; D. Li leg.; DL-005-006-2011.

Females of P. bawang sp. nov. resemble those of P. fimbriata, P. quei, and P. taiwanica but can be distiguished from them by the epigyne orifice being narrowest (Fig. 2C; for comarison with known species, see fig. 8 in Wanless (1978), figs 664 and 666 in Peng et al. (1993), and fig. 4F in Zhang and Li (2005), respecitively); from those of P. labiata by the slightly straight anterior margin of posterior depression (Fig. 2C, D; see fig. 1C in Zhu et al. (2007)); from those of P. heteroidea by lacking a median septum (Fig. 2C; see figs 10–12 in Xie and Yin (1991)); from those of P. fajing sp. nov. and P. xishan sp. nov. by the epigyne orifice being narrowest and elliptical (Fig. 2C); from those of P. zhaoi by a smaller elliptical epigyne orifice and a shorter copulatory duct (Fig. 2C, D).

Figure 2. 

General somatic morphology and female genital anatomy of Portia bawang sp. nov. A–D DL-002-013-2012 (holotype) A, B female C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.3 mm.

Female (holotype; Fig. 2A, B). Carapace greyish brown; ocular area yellow brown, with tufts of orange brown hairs around AME. Clypeus brown with dense ventral white hairs. Chelicerae dark brown with 3 small promarginal and 3 large retromarginal teeth. Maxillae and labium black-brown with reddish brown anterior margin. Sternum light brown, densely covered with creamy white hairs. Measurements: eye sizes: AME 0.80, ALE 0.31, PME 0.23, PLE 0.32, anterior eye row 2.46 wide, posterior eye row 2.30 wide, eye area 1.70 long; clypeus height 0.57; BL 8.17–9.46; holotype BL 9.46, CL 4.19, CW 3.09, AL 5.55, AW 3.68; palp 3.96 (1.27 + 0.58 + 0.76 + 1.35), leg I 12.56 (3.19 + 1.57 + 3.06 + 3.22 + 1.52), leg II 10.25 (2.95 + 1.41 + 2.26 + 2.41 + 1.22), leg III 8.48 (2.40 + 1.20 + 1.67 + 2.11 + 1.10), leg IV 13.89 (3.59 + 1.05 + 3.15 + 4.74 + 1.36). Leg formula 4123. Legs slender, ventral portion of tibiae fringed with long black hairs. Dorsum of abdomen black brown, anterior portion light brown with grey-white hairs, middle portion with a small patch and posterior portion with two oval patches, the three patches densely covered with greyish long hairs.

Female genitalia. Epigyne orifice undivided, highly sclerotised, elliptical, anterior orifice margin distinct and posterior margin wide, slightly curved; spermathecae large and spherical (Fig. 2C, D).

The species epithet, a noun in apposition, refers to the type locality.

Hainan (Changjiang, Ledong, Lingshui).

OK235444.

Holotype: China • 1 ♂; Henan Province, Nanyang City, Xixia County, Erlangping Town; 33.524°N, 111.688°E; 11 April 2013; F.X. Liu leg.; HN-013-001. Paratype: China • 1 ♂; same data as for the holotype; HN-013-002.

Males of P. erlangping sp. nov. resemble those of P. heteroidea but can be distiguished from the latter by the tegulum having one curved furrow (Fig. 3A), while P. heteroidea has two furrows (see fig. 6 in Xie and Yin (1991)), and by the longer cymbium flange (Fig. 3D; see fig. 8 in Xie and Yin (1991)); from those of P. albimana by the longer embolus, larger cymbium flange and thicker retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 3A, D; see fig. 12B–D in Wanless (1978)); from those of P. assamensis, P. fimbriata, P. labiata, P. orientalis, P. quei, P. xishan sp. nov., P. taiwanica, and P. zhaoi by the embolus being shortest (Fig. 3A; see figs 10D, 7C, and10A in Wanless (1978), fig. 6 in Murphy and Murphy 1983, fig. 661 in Peng et al. (1993), and fig. 4B in Zhang and Li (2005), respectively); in addition, from those of P. assamensis and P. fimbriata by the cymbium flange being thickest and longest (Fig. 3D; figs 10F, 7G in Wanless (1978), respectively); from those of P. labiata by the larger cymbium flange and thicker retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 3D; see fig 10B in Wanless (1978)); from those of P. orientalis, P. quei, P. taiwanica and P. zhaoi by the bar-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 3D; see fig. 6 in Murphy and Murphy 1983, and fig. 4D in Zhang and Li (2005), respectively).

Figure 3. 

Male genital anatomy of Portia erlangping sp. nov. A–D HN-013-001 (holotype) A palp, ventral view B, C palp, retrolateral view D palp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.

Male (holotype). Carapace greyish brown with white band on thoracic groove and lateral margin. Ocular area yellow-brown, with tufts of yellow-brown hairs around AME. Clypeus black-brown without dense ventral white hairs. Chelicerae dark brown with 2 small promarginal and 3 large retromarginal teeth. Maxillae and labium black-brown with white anterior margin. Sternum black-brown, densely covered with creamy white hairs. Measurements: eye sizes: AME 0.64, ALE 0.24, PME 0.17, PLE 0.21, anterior eye row 1.78 wide, posterior eye row 1.65 wide, eye area 1.38 long; clypeus height 0.30; BL 5.84–6.45; holotype BL 5.84, CL 2.89, CW 2.14, AL 2.95, AW 1.60; leg I 8.40 (2.25 + 0.92 + 2.02 + 2.11 + 1.10), leg II 6.95 (1.90 + 0.94 + 1.57 + 1.60 + 0.94), leg III 6.46 (1.92 + 0.74 + 1.30 + 1.72 + 0.78), leg IV 9.45 (2.47 + 0.97 + 2.06 + 2.94 + 1.01). Leg formula 4123. Legs black-brown, slender, ventral portion of tibiae fringed with long black hairs. Dorsum of abdomen black-brown, anterior portion light brown with grey-white hairs, middle portion with a small triangular patch and posterior portion with two oval patches, the three patches densely covered with grey-white hairs.

Palp. Tibia with 3 apophyses, ventral one thick and short, intermediate one relatively slender, retrolateral one largest and bar-shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 3A–D). Embolus short and stout (Fig. 3A). Seminal duct clear and S-shaped. Tegulum with a deeply curved furrow and a membraneous apophysis (Fig. 3A, B). Cymbium flange robust, terminal portion overlapping on base of retrolateral tibial apophysis dorsally (Fig. 3D).

The species epithet, a noun in apposition, refers to the type locality.

Henan (Nanyang)

Holotype: China • 1 ♀; Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Fajing Temple; 30.234°N, 120.095°E; alt. 79 m; 13 July 2013; F.X. Liu, D. Li, X. Xu and Z.T. Zhang leg.; DL-001-016-2013. Paratypes: China • 4 ♀♀; same data as for the holotype, 30.228°N, 120.091°E; alt. 117 m; DL-001-015-2013, DL-002-016-2013, DL-003-016-2013, DL-003-017-2013.

Females of P. fajing sp. nov. can be distinguished from those of P. bawang sp. nov., P. labiata, P. quei, and P. taiwanica by the slit-like epigynal orifice, the anterior orifice margin nearly parallel to the posterior orifice margin ventrally, and the W-shaped posterior epigynal margin (Fig. 4A, B; see fig. 1C in Zhu et al. (2007), fig. 664 and 665 in Peng et al. (1993), and fig. 4F in Zhang and Li (2005), respecitively); from those of P. xishan sp. nov. by the W-shaped posterior orifice margin (Fig. 4B); from those of P. fimbriata and P. zhaoi by the copulatory duct being shortest (Fig. 4B; see fig. 8D, E in Wanless (1978))

Figure 4. 

Female genital anatomy of Portia fajing sp. nov. A, B DL-001-016-2013 (holotype) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.3 mm.

Female (holotype). Carapace brown; ocular area yellow-brown, with tufts of orange-brown hairs around AME. Clypeus brown with dense ventral white hairs. Chelicerae dark brown with 3 small promarginal and 3 large retromarginal teeth. Maxillae and labium reddish brown with yellow-brown anterior margin. Sternum yellow-brown, densely covered with creamy white hairs. Measurements: eye sizes: AME 0.68, ALE 0.30, PME 0.21, PLE 0.29, anterior eye row 2.01 wide, posterior eye row 1.87 wide, eye area 1.55 long; clypeus height 0.35; BL 6.56–7.64; holotype BL 7.64, CL 3.23, CW 2.58, AL 4.71, AW 3.22; palp 2.80 (0.77 + 0.48 + 0.59 + 0.96), leg I 8.74 (2.37 + 1.10 + 2.01 + 2.23 + 1.03), leg II 7.17 (2.01 + 1.06 + 1.60 + 1.61 + 0.89), leg III 6.61 (1.83 + 0.90 + 1.35 + 1.74 + 0.79), leg IV 10.84 (2.76 + 1.12 + 2.43 + 3.62 + 0.91). Leg formula 4123. Legs brown, the ventral portion of tibiae fringed with long black hairs. Dorsum of abdomen greyish brown, posterior portion with two circular patches densely covered with grey-white long hairs.

Female genitalia. Epigyne orifice undivided, highly sclerotised, transverse, slit-like, posterior orifice margin W-shaped; spermatheca large and spherical (Fig. 4B).

The species epithet, a noun in apposition, refers to the type locality.

Zhejiang (Hangzhou).

OK235443.

Holotype: China • 1 ♂; Yunnan Province, Kunming City, Western Mountains; 24.962°N, 102.631°E, alt. 2172 m; 16 August 2006; F.X. Liu and Q.Q. Liu leg.; LQ-18-06. Paratypes: China • 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀; same data as for the holotype; LQ-18-06A/06B/06C/06D • 8 ♀♀; same data as for the holotype; 11 November 2020; L. Yu and X.R. Miao leg.; P2020001, P2020010, P2020011, P2020034, P2020039, P2020053, P2020054, P2020055.

Males of P. xishan sp. nov. can be distinguished from those of P. albimana by the longer embolus, larger cymbium flange and thicker, bar-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 5A–D; see fig. 12B–D in Wanless (1978)); from those of P. assamensis, P. erlangping sp. nov., P. fimbriata, P. labiata, P. orientalis, P. quei, P. taiwanica, and P. zhaoi by the tegular furrow extending a membranous apophysis ventrally, the tegular apophysis obscure, and the embolus basally with a spinule (Fig. 5A–C; see figs 10D, 7C, and 10A in Wanless (1978), fig. 6 in Murphy and Murphy 1983, fig. 661 in Peng et al. (1993), and fig. 4B in Zhang and Li (2005), respectively); in addition, from those of P. assamensis and P. fimbriata by the embolus being shortest (Fig. 5A–C; see figs 10D and 7C in Wanless (1978)); from those of P. erlangping sp. nov. by the embolus being longer (Fig. 5A); from those of P. labiata by the shorter cymbium flange and thicker bar-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 4D; see fig. 10B in Wanless (1978)); from those of P. orientalis, P. quei, P. taiwanica, and P. zhaoi by the longer embolus and bar-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 5A–D; see fig. 6 in Murphy and Murphy 1983, fig. 661 in Peng et al. (1993), and fig. 4B in Zhang and Li (2005), respectively). Females of P. xishan sp. nov. differ from those of P. bawang sp. nov. by having a slightly wider epigynal orifice (Fig. 5E); from those of P. fajing sp. nov. by the larger epigyne orifice and distinctly sclerotised anterior orifice margin (Fig. 5E); from those of P. labiata, P. quei, and P. taiwanica by the slit-like epigynal orifice (Fig. 5E; see fig. 1C in Zhu et al. (2007), fig. 664 and 665 in Peng et al. (1993), and fig. 4F in Zhang and Li (2005), respecitively); from those of P. fimbriata and P. zhaoi by the copulatory duct being shortest (Fig. 5F; see fig. 8D, E in Wanless (1978)).

Figure 5. 

Male and female genital anatomy of Portia xishan sp. nov. A–D LQ-18-06 (holotype) A palp, ventral view B, C palp, retrolateral view D palp, dorsal view E, F LQ-18-06B E epigyne, ventral view F vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.

Male (Holotype). Carapace black-brown with white band on thoracic groove and lateral margin. Ocular area yellow-brown, with tufts of yellow-brown hairs around AME. Clypeus black-brown without dense ventral white hairs. Chelicerae dark brown with 5 small promarginal and 2 large retromarginal teeth. Maxillae and labium black-brown with yellow-brown anterior margin. Sternum yellow-brown, densely covered with creamy white hairs. Measurements: eye sizes: AME 0.59, ALE 0.30, PME 0.19, PLE 0.28, anterior eye row 1.78 wide, posterior eye row 1.69 wide, eye area 1.32 long; clypeus height 0.42; BL 5.72–6.21; holotype BL 5.72, CL 2.87, CW 2.17, AL 2.75, AW 1.54; leg I 8.02 (2.04 + 0.91 + 1.81 + 2.04 + 1.22), leg II 6.80 (1.95 + 0.81 + 1.38 + 1.71 + 0.95), leg III 6.58 (1.87 + 0.86 + 1.29 + 1.64 + 0.92), leg IV 9.85 (2.61 + 0.92 + 2.09 + 3.17 + 1.06). Leg formula 4123. Legs black-brown, slender, the ventral portion of tibiae fringed with long black hairs. Dorsum of abdomen greyish brown, anterior portion light brown with grey-white hairs, three pairs of oval patches densely covered with grey-white hairs, the posterior pair largest.

Palp. Tibia with 3 apophyses, ventral one thick and short, intermediate one relatively slender, retrolateral one largest and bar-shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 5A–D). Embolus short and stout, with a spinule basally in retrolateral view (Fig. 5A–C). Seminal duct clear and S-shaped. Tegulum with a curved furrow extending a membranous apophysis ventrally and an obscure tegular apophysis (Fig. 5A–C). Cymbium flange robust, terminal portion close to middle portion of retrolateral tibial apophysis dorsally (Fig. 5D).

Female (LQ-18-06B). Carapace yellow-brown; ocular area yellow-brown, with tufts of greyish brown hairs around AME. Clypeus brown with densely ventral white hairs. Chelicerae dark brown with 4 small promarginal and 3 large retromarginal teeth. Maxillae and labium black-brown with yellow brown to white hairs on anterior margin. Sternum brown, densely covered with creamy white hairs. Measurements: eye sizes: AME 0.67, ALE 0.30, PME 0.23, PLE 0.27, anterior eye row 1.93 wide, posterior eye row 1.86 wide, eye area 1.67 long; Clypeus height 0.42; BL 5.83–7.66; LQ-18-06B: BL 6.10, CL 2.79, CW 2.44, AL 3.42, AW 2.11; palp 2.93 (0.95 + 0.31 + 0.58 + 1.09), leg I 7.20 (2.09 + 0.88 + 1.70 + 1.52 + 1.01), leg II 6.17 (2.01 + 0.95 + 1.15 + 1.15 + 0.91), leg III 6.02 (1.82 + 0.72 + 1.19 + 1.39 + 0.90), leg IV 7.72 (2.85 + 0.78 + 1.46 + 1.71 + 0.92). Leg formula 4123. Legs brown, ventral portion of tibiae fringed with long black hairs. Dorsum of abdomen brown, anterior margin with numerous long white hairs, posterior portion with two circular patches densely covered with grey-white hairs.

Female genitalia. Epigyne orifice undivided, highly sclerotised, transverse, spindly, posterior orifice margin slightly curved; spermathecae large and spherical (Fig. 5E, F).

The species epithet, a noun in apposition, “xishan” means Western Mountains in Chinese and refers to the type locality.

Yunnan (Kunming).

OK235446.

Holotype: China • 1 ♀; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, Dongxing County, Rongguang Tea Plantation; 21.29°N, 108.02°E; 13 August 1992; F.X. Liu leg.

China • 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Hainan Province, Wuzhishan City, Shuiman Town, Yongxun Village; 18.903°N, 109.623°E, alt. 551 m; 25 July 2012; F.X. Liu, D. Li and X. Xu leg.; DL-002-024-2012, DL-001-024-2012; 1 ♂; Shenzhen, Xianhu Lake; 22.583°N, 114.169°E, alt. 66 m; 14 June 2012; F.X. Liu, D. Li and X. Xu leg.; DL-007-2012; • 1 ♀; Shenzhen, Yinhu Lake; 22.58°N, 114.08°E; 15 June 2012; F.X. Liu, D. Li and X. Xu leg.; DL-008-2012 • 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀; Hainan Province, Changjiang County, Bawang National Forest Park; 19.027°N, 109.101°E, alt. 702 m; 7 August 2017; F.X. Liu, D. Li and X. Xu leg.; LID-001-002-2017, LID-002-002-2017, LID-004-002-2017 • 1 ♀; Hong Kong, Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden; 22.424°N, 114.125°E, alt. 571 m; 12 April 2012; F.X. Liu, D. Li and X. Xu leg.; DL-001-2012 • 1 ♂; Hainan Province, Ledong County, Jianfeng Town, Institute of Tropical Forestry; 18.703°N, 108.789°E, alt. 129 m; 21 July 2012; F.X. Liu, D. Li and X. Xu leg.; DL-004-017-2012 • 1 ♂; Hainan Province, Yacha Town, 1^st Burei Village; 19.193°N, 109.418°E, alt. 268 m; 18 July 2012; F.X. Liu, D. Li and X. Xu leg.; DL-011-2012.

Males of P. zhaoi can be distinguished from those of all other Portia species by having the longest embolus (Fig. 6A); in addition, from those of P. erlangping sp. nov., P. fimbriata and P. xishan sp. nov. By the finger-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 6A, B, D; see 7G in Wanless (1978)); from those of P. quei by the thicker ventral tibial apophysis (Fig. 6B; see fig. 661 in Peng et al. (1993)). Females of P. zhaoi can be distinguished from those of P. labiata by its longer copulatory ducts (Fig. 6E, F; see fig. 1D in Zhu et al. (2007)); from those of P. bawang sp. nov., P. fajing sp. nov., P. fimbriata, P. quei, P. taiwanica, and P. xishan sp. nov. by the circular epigyne orifice (Fig. 6E; see fig. 8C–E in Wanless (1978), fig. 664 and 666 in Peng et al. (1993), and fig. 4F in Zhang and Li (2005), respecitively).

Male (DL-002-024-2012, Fig. 6G, H). Carapace yellow-brown with white band on thoracic groove and lateral margin. Ocular area yellow-brown, with tufts of yellow hairs around AME. Clypeus black-brown without dense ventral white hairs. Chelicerae dark brown with 4 small promarginal and 3 large retromarginal teeth. Maxillae and labium black-brown with yellow-brown anterior margin. Sternum yellow-brown, densely covered with creamy white hairs. Measurements: eye sizes: AME 0.68, ALE 0.29, PME 0.17, PLE 0.32, anterior eye row 1.88 wide, posterior eye row 1.67 wide, eye area 1.50 long; clypeus height 0.32; BL 5.62–7.63; holotype BL 5.69, CL 2.97, CW 2.32, AL 2.84, AW 1.32; leg I 9.24 (2.52 + 0.69 + 2.31 + 2.56 + 1.16), leg II 7.58 (2.26 + 0.86 + 1.61 + 2.02 + 0.83), leg III 6.54 (1.90 + 0.88 + 1.29 + 1.70 + 0.77), leg IV 9.54 (2.89 + 0.85 + 1.91 + 2.87 + 1.02). Leg formula 4123. Legs black brown, slender, the ventral portion of tibiae fringed with long black hairs. Dorsum of abdomen brown, anterior portion light brown with grey-white hairs, one pair of oval patches covered with dense grey-white hairs.

Figure 6. 

Male and female genital anatomy of Portia zhaoi Peng, Li & Chen, 2003 A–D DL-002-024-2012 A palp, ventral view B, C palp, retrolateral view D palp, dorsal view E, F DL-001-024-2012 G holotype deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing E, G epigyne, ventral view F vulva dorsal view H, I male. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.

Palp. Tibia with 3 apophyses, ventral one thick and short, intermediate one relatively slender, retrolateral one largest and finger-shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 6A–D). Embolus slender and long (Fig. 6A). Seminal duct clear and S-shaped. Tegulum with a deeply curved furrow, and a triangular membraneous apophysis (Fig. 6A–C). Cymbium flange robust, triangular, terminal portion overlapping on middle portion of retrolateral tibial apophysis dorsally (Fig. 6D).

Female (DL-001-024-2012). Carapace black brown; ocular area yellow brown, with tufts of greyish hairs around AME. Clypeus brown with densely ventral white hairs. Chelicerae dark brown with 3 small promarginal and 3 large retromarginal teeth. Maxillae and labium black-brown with yellow brown anterior margin. Sternum yellow-brown, densely covered with creamy white hairs. Measurements: eye sizes: AME 0.79, ALE 0.35, PME 0.26, PLE 0.37, anterior eye row 2.29 wide, posterior eye row 2.13 wide, eye area 1.81 long; clypeus height 0.42; BL 7.18–8.24; DL-001-024-2012: BL 7.85, CL 4.05, CW 3.07, AL 4.17, AW 2.24; palp 3.64 (0.80 + 0.64 + 0.75 + 1.45), leg I 11.32 (3.16 + 1.39 + 2.64 + 2.92 + 1.21), leg II 9.52 (2.81 + 1.36 + 2.13 + 2.33 + 0.89), leg III 8.20 (2.39 + 1.05 + 1.67 + 2.23 + 0.86), leg IV 13.98 (3.71 + 1.44 + 2.98 + 4.94 + 0.91). Leg formula 4123. Legs black-brown, the ventral portion of tibiae fringed with long black hairs. Dorsum of abdomen brown, anterior margin with numerous long white hairs, posterior portion with three oval patches densely covered with grey-white hairs, the middle one small and the posterior two large.

Female genitalia. Epigyne orifice undivided, highly sclerotised, circular, anterior orifice margin distinct, posterior orifice margin slightly curved; spermathecae large and spherical (Fig. 6E, F).

The species epithet, a noun in apposition, refers to the type locality.

Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, Shenzhen.

OK235445.