Female (taken from Desjardins 2007). Absence of a median clypeal tooth; anellus broader than long; at most two pairs of mesoscutellar bristles; at least one pair of setae or bristles laterally on the petiole.

The Diparinae genus key by Desjardins (2007) states that the petiole of females of the genus Dipara is usually less than 1.5× as long as wide. In the present study, seven out of twelve newly described species have a petiole length exceeding this, going up to being 2.8× as long as wide. Accordingly, the genus level key of Desjardins (2007) might be misleading. However, the diagnosis by Desjardins (2007) uses other characters than the petiole length and can be kept unmodified (see above).

Holotype Kenya • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°14'22.9N, 34°51'21E; 1594 m a.s.l.; 24 Jul. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 12; ZFMK-HYM-00037130. Paratypes Kenya • 2 ♀; same data as for holotype; ZFMK-HYM-00037131 to ZFMK-HYM-00037132 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°22'45N, 34°49'40.8E; 1618 m a.s.l.; 11 Sep. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 27; ZFMK-HYM-00037133 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°18'13.4N, 34°48'16E; 1554 m a.s.l.; 20 Jun. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 5; ZFMK-HYM-00037134 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°13'59.1N, 34°51'43.7E; 1614 m a.s.l.; 29 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 24; ZFMK-HYM-00037135 • 1 ♀; same locality as for holotype; 17 Jul. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 12; NHMUK013457232 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°27'10.6N, 34°51'48.7E; 1676 m a.s.l.; 19 Jun. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 4; NHMUK013457233 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°36'9.7N, 34°37'20.3E; 1513 m a.s.l.; 07 Sep. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 26; NMK: ZFMK-HYM-00037138 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°33'17.9N, 34°40'55.9E; 1425 m a.s.l.; 20 Jun. 2008; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 40; NMK: ZFMK-HYM-00037139.

Female (specimens used for morphometric measurements: ZFMK-HYM-00037130 to ZFMK-HYM-00037134).

Body brown to yellowish brown (Fig. 5); mesoscutellum black, raised, anterior part of mesoscutellum and frenum forming an angle of 120–125° (122°) (specimens used for measurement: ZFMK-HYM-00037130, ZFMK-HYM-00037132 to ZFMK-HYM-00037134) in lateral view (Fig. 5A); propodeum medially smooth and laterally transversely carinate (Fig. 5C).

Figure 5. 

Holotype of Dipara andreabalzerae sp. nov. A habitus in lateral view B face in frontal view C body in dorsal view; red arrow: angle formed by anterior part of mesoscutellum and frenum. Scale bar: 100 µm.

Size: small to medium sized, body length 1619–2183 (1809) µm.

Coloration: body brown to yellowish brown (Fig. 5); dorsal part of scape, pedicel, first funicular segment, and clava yellowish white, ventral part of scape white, other funicular segments uniformly brown (Fig. 5A); vertex with bluish metallic tint (Fig. 5C); pronotum laterally dark brown (Fig. 5C); lateral area of mesoscutum black (Fig. 5C); mesoscutellum black with metallic tint, frenum dark brown (Fig. 5C); coxa, trochanter and proximal quarter of femur white, rest of legs pale yellowish brown (Fig. 5A); gts lighter from gt1 to gt6 (Fig. 5C); gt7 with pale yellowish brown coloration on anterior 1/2 and brown coloration on posterior 1/2 (Fig. 5C); ovipositor sheath brown (Fig. 5A).

Head: head round, 1.26–1.31× (1.31) wider than high (Fig. 5B); vertex very sparsely foveolate and otherwise smooth (Fig. 5B); upper face strigate-reticulate (Fig. 5B); lower face reticulate, sparsely setose (Fig. 5B); distance of antennal insertion to eye short, 0.45–0.76× (0.45) (specimens used for measurement: ZFMK-HYM-00037130, ZFMK-HYM-00037132 to ZFMK-HYM-00037134) torulus diameter (Fig. 5B); antennae close, toruli separated by 0.84–1.07× (0.91) (specimens used for measurement: ZFMK-HYM-00037130, ZFMK-HYM-00037132 to ZFMK-HYM-00037134) torulus diameter (Fig. 5B); antennal formula: 11173 (Fig. 5A); funicle segments ~ as long as wide (Fig. 5A); malar space 0.29–0.35× (0.33) eye height (Fig. 5A); POL 0.62–0.74× (0.72) OOL (Fig. 5C).

Mesosoma: pronotum large and elongated, 1.99–2.14× (2.02) as wide as long, substrigate, with a pair of setae close to the posterior edge (Fig. 5C); mesosoma slender, head breadth 1.53–1.59× (1.56) mesoscutum breadth (Fig. 5C); notauli converging ca. at 1/2 the length of mesoscutum (Fig. 5C); median area of mesoscutum reticulate (Fig. 5C); lateral area medially smooth and laterally reticulate (Fig. 5C); mesoscutum with two pairs of bristles, one pair of very large bristles on median area just anterior of notauli, almost reaching the mesoscutellum, and one pair laterally on lateral area anterior of wing base (Fig. 5C); axillae reticulate (Fig. 5C); mesoscutellum reticulate-rugulose, raised, with two pairs of bristles, one pair anterio-medially and one pair laterally just anterior of frenal line, anterior part of mesoscutellum and frenum forming an angle of 120–125° (122°) (specimens used for measurement: ZFMK-HYM-00037130, ZFMK-HYM-00037132 to ZFMK-HYM-00037134) (Fig. 5A); propodeum medially smooth and laterally transversely carinate (Fig. 5C); nucha with a few longitudinal carinae (Fig. 5C); brachypterous, fore wing reaching middle of petiole, tip truncated, with two or three large brown bristles and one large black bristle at the tip, with infuscation at tip (Fig. 5A).

Metasoma: petiole short, 1.25–1.44× (1.29) longer than wide in dorsal view, costate-rugose, with lateral pair of large white setae visible in dorsal view (Fig. 5C); gaster medium, 1.23–1.56× (1.56) longer than mesosoma in dorsal view (Fig. 5C); gt1 covering ~ 1/3 of gaster, gt2–4 ca. equal in size, gt5 and 6 much smaller (Fig. 5C); gt7 and ovipositor sheath sparsely setose (Fig. 5A).

Dipara andreabalzerae is similar to D. albomaculata, D. fastigata, D. nigroscutellata, and D. saetosa in having a black mesoscutellum while the general body coloration is not black. Dipara andreabalzerae differs from D. albomaculata, D. nigroscutellata and D. saetosa in different propodeum sculpture. It differs from D. fastigata in body coloration, which is much darker in D. fastigata and the more obtuse angle formed by the anterior part of the mesoscutellum and the frenum in lateral view.

Unknown.

As the first author, I dedicate this species to my mother, Andrea Balzer, who sadly passed away in 2017.

Habitat: Leaf litter.

Host: Unknown.

Kenya.

Holotype Kenya • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°14'52.3N, 34°52'5.3E; 1607 m a.s.l.; 21 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 18; ZFMK-HYM-00040381.

Female. Broad dark brown stripe across head from one eye to the other below toruli (Fig. 6B); median and lateral area of mesoscutum with distinct transverse broad black stripe (Fig. 6C); macropterous, fore wing reaching gt7 (Fig. 6A); petiole 1.20× longer than wide in dorsal view (Fig. 6C).

Figure 6. 

Holotype of Dipara corona sp. nov. A habitus in lateral view B face in frontal view C body in dorsal view. Scale bar: 100 µm.

Size: medium sized, body length 2346 µm.

Coloration: body brown to orangish brown (Fig. 6); scape and pedicel yellowish brown, funicle segments dark brown, clava white (Fig. 6); broad dark brown stripe across head from one eye to the other below toruli (Fig. 6B); vertex between ocelli black with metallic tint (Fig. 6B); procoxa white, rest of the legs yellowish brown (Fig. 6A); median and lateral area of mesoscutum with distinct transverse broad black stripe (Fig. 6C); tip of ovipositor sheath dark brown (Fig. 6A).

Head: head oval, 1.33× wider than high (Fig. 6B); upper face substrigate (Fig. 6B); lower face substrigate around dark brown stripe and smooth below, sparsely setose (Fig. 6B); antennal scrobe and interantennal area smooth (Fig. 6B); distance of antennal insertion to eye short, 0.49× torulus diameter (Fig. 6B); antennae close, toruli separated by 1.31× torulus diameter (Fig. 6B); antennal formula: 11173 (Fig. 6A); funicle segments getting continuously shorter: f1 longer than wide to f7 as wide as long (Fig. 6A); malar space 0.33× eye height (Fig. 6A); vertex rugose, between ocelli slightly raised (Fig. 6B); occipital margin forming sharp edge (Fig. 6A); POL 1.31× OOL (Fig. 6C).

Mesosoma: pronotum of medium length, 3.01× wider than long, substrigate, with a pair of bristles medially close to the posterior edge (Fig. 6C); mesosoma robust, head breadth 1.12× mesoscutum breadth (Fig. 6C); notauli not converging (Fig. 6C); mesoscutum with median area substrigate, lateral area strigate-reticulate, with two pairs of bristles: one pair on posterior 1/3 of medium area between notauli reaching axillae, one pair laterally on lateral area anterior of wing base (Fig. 6C); axillae reticulate (Fig. 6C); mesoscutellum reticulate, frenum smooth, with two pairs of bristles: one pair anteriorly and one pair laterally on frenal line (Fig. 6C); macropterous, fore wing reaching gt7, with large bristles along submarginal vein and smaller bristles along marginal and postmarginal vein on edge, transparent, stigmal vein long, stigma thin, uncus thin and pointed (Fig. 6A); propodeum with some transverse and longitudinal carinae (Fig. 6C); nucha carinate (Fig. 6C).

Metasoma: petiole short, 1.20× longer than wide in dorsal view, anterior quarter constricted and rugose, rest costate, with lateral pair of large white setae visible in dorsal view (Fig. 6C); gaster short, 1.07× longer than mesosoma in dorsal view (Fig. 6C); gt1 covering ~ 2/3 of gaster (Fig. 6C); gt7 and ovipositor sheath sparsely setose (Fig. 6C).

Dipara corona is similar to D. turneri in having a distinct transverse broad black stripe on the median and lateral areas of the mesoscutum. In other not completely black species the black spots on the mesoscutum are restricted to the lateral area.

Dipara corona differs from D. turneri in the wing form and in the different petiole shape. The petiole is distinctly longer than wide in D. corona and slightly wider than long in D. turneri. Other differences include the body coloration, the shape of the mesoscutellum and the shape of the metacoxa.

Unknown.

Named after the Latin word corona for crown because of the raised and shiny part between the ocelli in frontal view, and additionally as a reference to the pandemic in 2020 and the following years caused by SARS-CoV-2, also known as the Corona virus.

Habitat: Leaf litter.

Host: Unknown.

Kenya.

Holotype Kenya • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°14'6.1N, 34°52'9.2E; 1605 m a.s.l.; 28 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 23; ZFMK-HYM-00040382.

Female. Body brown to dark brown (Fig. 7); mesoscutellum black, raised, anterior part of mesoscutellum and frenum forming an angle of 90° in lateral view (Fig. 7A); propodeum medially smooth and laterally transversely carinate (Fig. 7C).

Figure 7. 

Holotype of Dipara fastigata sp. nov. A habitus in lateral view B face in frontal view C body in dorsal view; red arrow: angle formed by anterior part of mesoscutellum and frenum. Scale bar: 100 µm.

Size: small sized, body length 1946 µm.

Coloration: body brown to dark brown (Fig. 7); upper face and vertex dark brown, lower face brown (Fig. 7B); scape dorsally dark brown and ventrally white, pedicel, f1, f2 and f3 yellowish brown, other funicle segments brown, clava white (Fig. 7A); fore leg with coxa white and rest yellowish brown (Fig. 7A); mid leg yellowish brown (Fig. 7A); hind leg with base of coxa, distal 1/2 of femur and distal tip of tibia yellowish brown, rest white (Fig. 7A); gt1–6 dark brown, posterior 1/2 of gt7 dorsally and ovipositor sheath brown, rest of gt7 pale yellowish white (Fig. 7A).

Head: head round, 1.25× wider than high (Fig. 7B); vertex and upper 1/2 of upper face smooth, lower 1/2 laterally smooth and medially reticulate (Fig. 7B); lower face reticulate with smooth transverse stripe just below toruli from one eye to the other (Fig. 7B); upper 1/2 of upper face and lower face sparsely setose (Fig. 7B); antennal scrobe reticulate (Fig. 7B); interantennal area smooth (Fig. 7B); distance of antennal insertion to eye long, 1.12× torulus diameter (Fig. 7B); antennae far apart, toruli separated by 1.48× torulus diameter (Fig. 7B); antennal formula: 11173 (Fig. 7A); shape of funicle segments changing: f1 longer than wide to f7 ca. as wide as long (Fig. 7A); malar space 0.33× eye height (Fig. 7A); POL 0.85× OOL (Fig. 7C).

Mesosoma: pronotum large and elongated, 1.93× wider than long, with a transverse carina, anteriorly of carina substrigate and posteriorly smooth, with a pair of setae posterio-medially (Fig. 7C); mesosoma slender, head breadth 1.64× mesoscutum breadth (Fig. 7C); notauli converging ca. at 2/3 of the length of mesoscutum (Fig. 7C); mesoscutum with median area reticulate, lateral area laterally reticulate and medially smooth, with two pairs of bristles: one pair on median area, reaching mesoscutellum, one pair on lateral area anterior of wing base (Fig. 7C); axillae reticulate (Fig. 7C); mesoscutellum raised, reticulate-rugulose, with one pair of bristles medially anterior of frenal line, anterior part of mesoscutellum and frenum forming an angle of 90° in lateral view (Fig. 7A); brachypterous, fore wing reaching middle of petiole, with 4 large bristles on the edge, upper and lower 1/3 infuscate, middle part transparent, tip truncated (Fig. 7A); propodeum medially smooth and laterally transversely carinate (Fig. 7C); nucha carinate (Fig. 7C).

Metasoma: petiole medium, 1.6× longer than wide in dorsal view, reticulate, with two pairs of setae laterally visible in dorsal view (Fig. 7C); gaster medium, 1.31× longer than mesosoma in dorsal view (Fig. 7C); gt1 covering ~ 1/3 of gaster, gt2 much larger than following gts; gt3–5 ca. equal in size, gt6 much smaller (Fig. 7C); gt7 and ovipositor sheath sparsely setose (Fig. 7A).

Dipara fastigata is similar to D. andreabalzerae, D. albomaculata, D. nigroscutellata and D. saetosa in having a black mesoscutellum while the general body coloration is not black. Dipara fastigata differs from D. albomaculata, D. nigroscutellata and D. saetosa in different propodeum sculpture. It differs from D. andreabalzerae in general body coloration, which is much lighter in D. andreabalzerae, and the 90° angle formed by the anterior part of the mesoscutellum and the frenum in lateral view.

Unknown.

Named after the Latin adjective fastigatus for pointed or sharp. The name refers to the raised mesoscutellum.

Habitat: Leaf litter.

Host: Unknown.

Kenya.

Holotype Kenya • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°21'4.9N, 34°51'41.1E; 1602 m a.s.l.; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 1; ZFMK-HYM-00037140. Paratypes Kenya • 4 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°19'49.9N, 34°52'16.1E; 1580 m a.s.l.; 07 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 15; ZFMK-HYM-00037141, ZFMK-HYM-00037198, ZFMK-HYM-00037199; NMK: ZFMK-HYM-00037200 • 4 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°14'6.1N, 34°52'9.2E; 1605 m a.s.l.; 28 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 23; ZFMK-HYM-00037142, ZFMK-HYM-00037241 to ZFMK-HYM-00037243 • 6 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°21'4.4N, 34°51'41.1E; 1602 m a.s.l.; 07 Jun. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 2; ZFMK-HYM-00037143, ZFMK-HYM-00037146, ZFMK-HYM-00037170, ZFMK-HYM-00037204 to ZFMK-HYM-00037206 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°27'0.9N, 34°50'52.9E; 1649 m a.s.l.; 03 Jul. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 8; ZFMK-HYM-00037144 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°37'24.1N, 34°51'12E; 1585 m a.s.l.; 08 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 10; ZFMK-HYM-00037145 • 8 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°14'20.5N, 34°51'52.8E; 1634 m a.s.l.; 10 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 17; ZFMK-HYM-00037147, ZFMK-HYM-00037156, ZFMK-HYM-00037158, ZFMK-HYM-00037159, ZFMK-HYM-00037229 to ZFMK-HYM-00037232 • 4 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°21'7.9N, 34°52'2.6E; 1597 m a.s.l.; 09 Jul. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 7; ZFMK-HYM-00037148, ZFMK-HYM-00037151, ZFMK-HYM-00037154, ZFMK-HYM-00037193 • 7 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°14'20.5N, 34°51'52.8E; 1634 m a.s.l.; 04 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 17; ZFMK-HYM-00037149, ZFMK-HYM-00037164, ZFMK-HYM-00037233 to ZFMK-HYM-00037237 • 7 ♀; same data as for holotype; ZFMK-HYM-00037150, ZFMK-HYM-00037212 to ZFMK-HYM-00037217 • 9 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°14'52.3N, 34°52'5.3E; 1607 m a.s.l.; 14 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 18; ZFMK-HYM-00037152, ZFMK-HYM-00037157, ZFMK-HYM-00037162, ZFMK-HYM-00037165, ZFMK-HYM-00037173 to ZFMK-HYM-00037175; NHMUK013457217, NHMUK013457218 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°19'36N, 34°52'14.6E; 1570 m a.s.l.; 21 Jun. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 6; ZFMK-HYM-00037153 • 7 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°21'7.9N, 34°52'2.6E; 1597 m a.s.l.; 02 Jul. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 7; ZFMK-HYM-00037155, ZFMK-HYM-00037167, ZFMK-HYM-00037223 to ZFMK-HYM-00037227 • 2 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°19'45.7N, 34°52'2.8E; 1573 m a.s.l.; 24 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 21; ZFMK-HYM-00037160, ZFMK-HYM-00037244 • 4 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°20'52.5N, 34°51'53E; 1592 m a.s.l.; 06 Sep. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 25; ZFMK-HYM-00037161, ZFMK-HYM-00037218 to ZFMK-HYM-00037220 • 5 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°19'49.9N, 34°52'16.1E; 1580 m a.s.l.; 01 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 15; ZFMK-HYM-00037163, ZFMK-HYM-00037166; NHMUK013457219 to NHMUK013457221 • 4 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°13'15.5N, 34°53'24.7E; 1597 m a.s.l.; 23 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 22; ZFMK-HYM-00037168, ZFMK-HYM-00037188, ZFMK-HYM-00037190; NMK: ZFMK-HYM-00037189 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°19'45.7N, 34°52'2.8E; 1573 m a.s.l.; 17 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 21; ZFMK-HYM-00037169 • 3 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°14'6.1N, 34°52'9.2E; 1605 m a.s.l.; 04 Sep. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 23; ZFMK-HYM-00037179 to ZFMK-HYM-00037181 • 4 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°14'52.3N, 34°52'5.3E; 1607 m a.s.l.; 21 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 18; ZFMK-HYM-00037182 to ZFMK-HYM-00037185 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°19'45.7N, 34°52'2.8E; 1573 m a.s.l.; 07 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 21; ZFMK-HYM-00037186 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°22'50.5N, 34°49'21.4E; 1623 m a.s.l.; 22 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 19; ZFMK-HYM-00037187 • 4 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°19'36N, 34°52'14.6E; 1570 m a.s.l.; 28 Jun. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 6; ZFMK-HYM-00037194, ZFMK-HYM-00037195; NMK: ZFMK-HYM-00037196, ZFMK-HYM-00037197 • 3 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°12'42.6N, 34°55'52.3E; 1615 m a.s.l.; 16 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 20; ZFMK-HYM-00037202, ZFMK-HYM-00037203; NMK: ZFMK-HYM-00037201 • 5 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°21'4.4N, 34°51'41.1E; 1602 m a.s.l.; 05 Jun. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 2; ZFMK-HYM-00037207 to ZFMK-HYM-00037211 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°14'22.9N, 34°51'21E; 1594 m a.s.l.; 17 Jul. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 12; ZFMK-HYM-00037221 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°37'24.1N, 34°51'12E; 1585 m a.s.l.; 01 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 10; ZFMK-HYM-00037228 • 3 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°21'21.1N, 34°51'44.9E; 1632 m a.s.l.; 08 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 16; ZFMK-HYM-00037238 to ZFMK-HYM-00037240 • 3 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°20'52.5N, 34°51'53E; 1592 m a.s.l.; 13 Sep. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 25; ZFMK-HYM-00037245 to ZFMK-HYM-00037247.

Female (specimens used for morphometric measurements: ZFMK-HYM-00037140 to ZFMK-HYM-00037144).

Body bright yellowish brown (Fig. 8); face with two transverse stripes of very dark brown coloration just at the level of toruli and at the level of the ventral margin of the eye, interrupted in interantennal area and supraclypeal area, enclosing a stripe of pale white coloration (Fig. 8B); legs yellowish brown except for metacoxa white (Fig. 8A); brachypterous, fore wing reaching middle of gt1 (Fig. 8A); mesoscutellum small, mesosoma length 3.90–4.86× (4.86) (Fig. 8C) (specimens used for measurement: ZFMK-HYM-00037140 to ZFMK-HYM-00037170) mesoscutellum length; petiole short to medium, 1.15–1.72× (1.15) as long as wide in dorsal view.

Figure 8. 

Holotype of Dipara kakamegensis sp. nov. A habitus in lateral view B face in frontal view C body in dorsal view. Scale bar: 100 µm.

Size: small to medium sized, body length 1483–2227 (2027) µm.

Coloration: body bright yellowish brown (Fig. 8); ventral part of scape and clava pale yellowish white, dorsal part of scape and last three funicle segments brown, rest of funicle segments and pedicel yellowish brown (Fig. 8A); face with two transverse dark brown stripes just at the level of toruli and at the level of the ventral margin of the eye, interrupted in interantennal area and supraclypeal area, enclosing a stripe of pale white coloration (Fig. 8B); two black spots medially on lateral areas of mesoscutum (Fig. 8C); middle part and tip of the fore wing infuscate (Fig. 8A); legs yellowish brown except for metacoxa white (Fig. 8A); nucha and posterior 2/3 of petiole pale yellowish white, rest of petiole bright yellowish brown (Fig. 8C); some darker brown stripes dorsally on gaster (Fig. 8A); brown spots on gt6 and gt7 around cerci (Fig. 8A); tip of ovipositor sheath brown (Fig. 8A).

Head: head round to oval, 1.25–1.63× (1.63) wider than high (Fig. 8B); vertex, upper face and interantennal area reticulate, antennal scrobe subreticulate, lower face smooth and sparsely setose (Fig. 8B); distance of antennal insertion to eye short, 0.78–0.97× (0.78) torulus diameter (Fig. 8B); antennae close, toruli separated by 1.15–1.31× (1.31) torulus diameter (Fig. 8B); antennal formula: 11173 (Fig. 8A); funicle segments slightly longer than wide (Fig. 8A); malar space 0.30–0.37× (0.30) eye height; occipital carina forming a sharp edge (Fig. 8A); POL 1.21–1.41× (1.38) OOL (Fig. 8C).

Mesosoma: pronotum of medium length, 2.85–3.37× (3.37) as wide as long (Fig. 8C); mesosoma of medium breadth, head breadth 1.24–1.45× (1.36) mesoscutum breadth (Fig. 8C); pronotum, mesoscutum, axillae and mesoscutellum reticulate (Fig. 8C); notauli converging ca. at 2/3 of the length of mesoscutum (Fig. 8C); mesoscutum with two pairs of bristles: one pair of very large bristles on median area just anterior of notauli, reaching posterior edge of mesoscutum and one pair laterally on lateral area anterior of wing base (Fig. 8C); mesoscutellum small, mesosoma length 3.90–4.86× (4.86) (specimens used for measurement: ZFMK-HYM-00037140 to ZFMK-HYM-00037170) mesoscutellum length, with two pairs of bristles: one pair medially close to anterior edge of mesoscutellum and one pair laterally on the frenal line (Fig. 8C); propodeum medially rugose and laterally transversely carinate-rugose, extending to nucha (Fig. 8C); brachypterous, fore wing reaching middle of gt1, with five large black bristles along the edge and one to ten bristles on the tip (Fig. 8A) (holotype: seven).

Metasoma: petiole short to medium, 1.15–1.72× (1.15) as long as wide in dorsal view, reticulate-rugose, with lateral pair of large white setae visible in dorsal view (Fig. 8C); gaster medium, 1.21–1.47× (1.47) longer than mesosoma in dorsal view (Fig. 8C); gt1 covering ~ 1/3 of gaster, gt2–4 ca. equal in size, gt5 and 6 much smaller (Fig. 8C); gt7 and ovipositor sheath sparsely setose (Fig. 8A).

The bristles on the forewing can vary from five to 15. This variation is found in the bristles at the tip of the wing while along the edges there are constantly five bristles. In some specimens there are just a few larger bristles at the tip and in others there can be up to ten small bristles at the tip. The number of bristles can vary between left and right wing in one specimen. The surface sculpture of the median part of the propodeum can vary from rugose to smooth.

Dipara kakamegensis is very similar to D. nyani. It differs from D. nyani in the following characters: D. kakamegensis is brachypterous and the mesoscutellum is smaller relative to the mesosoma length, based on the morphometric analysis (Fig. 3). The stripes across the face are similar in D. maculata, D. reticulata and D. rodneymulleni. Dipara kakamegensis differs from D. maculata in having a yellowish brown mesocoxa and petiole. Dipara kakamegensis differs from D. rodneymulleni in many characters: D. kakamegensis is brachypterous, the body coloration, the length of the petiole and general body shape. Dipara kakamegensis differs from D. reticulata in having smooth gastral tergites while they are reticulated in D. reticulata.

Unknown.

Named after the collecting locality.

Habitat: Leaf litter.

Host: Unknown.

Kenya.

Holotype Kenya • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°18'13.4N, 34°48'16E; 1554 m a.s.l.; 20 Jun. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 5; ZFMK-HYM-00040379. Paratype Kenya • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; ZFMK-HYM-00040380.

Female. Body yellowish brown (Fig. 9); face with dark brown to black stripe from one eye to the other at the level of the ventral margin of the eye (Fig. 9B); vertex reticulate (Fig. 9B); petiole very long, 2.50–2.61× (2.50) longer than wide in dorsal view (Fig. 9C).

Figure 9. 

Holotype of Dipara lux sp. nov. A habitus in lateral view B face in frontal view C body in dorsal view. Scale bar: 100 µm.

Size: medium sized, body length 2243–2772 (2772) µm.

Coloration: body yellowish brown (Fig. 9); scape, pedicel and f1–3 yellowish brown, f4 yellowish brown to dark brown, f5–7 dark brown, clava yellowish brown (Fig. 9A); face with dark brown to black stripe from one eye to the other at the level of the ventral margin of the eye (Fig. 9B); mesoscutum with two black spots medially on lateral area (Fig. 9C); fore leg with distal tip of coxa brown and rest of coxa white, trochanter brown, rest yellowish brown (Fig. 9A); mid leg with coxa and trochanter white, rest yellowish brown (Fig. 9A); hind leg with anterior part of coxa white and posterior part dark brown, anterior part of femur white, rest yellowish brown (Fig. 9A); gt6 and gt7 with dark brown spots around cerci (Fig. 9A); posterior tip of gt7 dark brown (Fig. 9A); tip of ovipositor sheath dark brown, rest white (Fig. 9A).

Head: head oval, 1.31–1.34× (1.34) wider than high, reticulate except for interantennal area smooth (Fig. 9B); lower face sparsely setose (Fig. 9B); distance of antennal insertion to eye short, 0.55–0.60× (0.55) torulus diameter (Fig. 9B); antennae close, toruli separated by 1.13–1.24× (1.13) torulus diameter (Fig. 9B); funicle segments slightly longer than wide (Fig. 9A); malar space 0.34–0.38× (0.34) eye height (Fig. 9A); POL 0.92–1.00× (1.00) OOL (Fig. 9A).

Mesosoma: pronotum of medium length, 3.28–3.37× (3.37) as wide as long, reticulate, with two pairs of setae close to posterior edge (Fig. 9C); mesosoma robust, head breadth 1.16–1.19× (1.16) mesoscutum breadth (Fig. 9C); notauli converging at posterior margin of mesoscutum (Fig. 9C); mesoscutum reticulate, with two pairs of bristles: one pair on median area anterior of notauli, one pair laterally on lateral area anterior of wing base (Fig. 9C); axillae reticulate (Fig. 9C); mesoscutellum anteriorly reticulate, frenum carinate, with two pairs of bristles: one pair anterio-medially and one pair laterally anterior of frenal line (Fig. 9C); macropterous, fore wing with large bristles along marginal and postmarginal vein on edge, with dense brush of setae at proximal end of marginal vein, with large area of infuscation on distal part and smaller areas of infuscation medially, stigmal vein long, stigma small and rounded, uncus short (Fig. 9A); propodeum medially smooth and laterally transversely confused carinate (Fig. 9C); nucha carinate (Fig. 9C).

Metasoma: petiole very long, 2.50–2.61× (2.50) longer than wide in dorsal view, areolate-rugose, with lateral pair of large white setae visible in dorsal view (Fig. 9C); gaster medium, 1.34–1.37× (1.34) longer than mesosoma in dorsal view; gt1 covering ~ 1/3 of gaster, gt2–4 ca. equal in size, gt5–6 smaller (Fig. 9C); gt7 and ovipositor sheath sparsely setose and elongated, together ~ 1/2 as long as rest of gaster (Fig. 9C).

Dipara lux is similar to D. corona, D. machadoi, D. striata, D. tenebra, D. tigrina and D. turneri in having one dark brown to black stripe across the face. Dipara lux is different from D. machadoi in having distinct notauli, which are lacking in D. machadoi. It differs from D. corona, D. striata, D. turneri and D. tigrina in having a very long petiole. Dipara lux and D. tenebra are very similar in body shape and differ in their body coloration which is much brighter in D. lux and in the surface sculpture of the head. They share the otherwise unique character of having a dense brush of setae close to the proximal end of the marginal vein on the fore wing.

Unknown.

Named after the Latin word lux for light, in contrast to D. tenebra which looks very similar but has a darker coloration.

Habitat: Leaf litter.

Host: Unknown.

Kenya.

Holotype Kenya • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°19'49.9N, 34°52'16.1E; 1580 m a.s.l.; 07 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 15; ZFMK-HYM-00037253. Paratypes Kenya • 5 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°21'21.1N, 34°51'44.9E; 1632 m a.s.l.; 01 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 16; ZFMK-HYM-00037254; NMK: ZFMK-HYM-00040266 to ZFMK-HYM-00040269 • 4 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°20'52.5N, 34°51'53E; 1592 m a.s.l.; 06 Sep. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 25; ZFMK-HYM-00037255, ZFMK-HYM-00040257, ZFMK-HYM-00040279, ZFMK-HYM-00040280 • 2 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°27'10.6N, 34°51'48.7E; 1676 m a.s.l.; 19 Jun. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 4; ZFMK-HYM-00037256, ZFMK-HYM-00040309 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°21'21.1N, 34°51'44.9E; 1632 m a.s.l.; 08 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 16; NHMUK013457222 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°13'15.5N, 34°53'24.7E; 1597 m a.s.l.; 25 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 22; NHMUK013457223 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°14'52.3N, 34°52'5.3E; 1607 m a.s.l.; 14 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 18; NHMUK013457224 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°13'15.5N, 34°53'24.7E; 1597 m a.s.l.; 23 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 22; NHMUK013457225 • 2 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°19'45.7N, 34°52'2.8E; 1573 m a.s.l.; 24 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 21; NHMUK013457226; ZFMK-HYM-00040263 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°23'6.2N, 34°33'37.8E; 1602 m a.s.l.; 16 Jul. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 11; ZFMK-HYM-00040264 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°14'20.5N, 34°51'52.8E; 1634 m a.s.l.; 04 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 17; ZFMK-HYM-00040265 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°12'42.6N, 34°55'52.3E; 1615 m a.s.l.; 10 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 20; NMK: ZFMK-HYM-00040270 • 9 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°21'4.4N, 34°51'41.1E; 1602 m a.s.l.; 05 Jun. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 2; ZFMK-HYM-00040271 to ZFMK-HYM-00040275, ZFMK-HYM-00040301 to ZFMK-HYM-00040304 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°21'4.9N, 34°51'41.1E; 1602 m a.s.l.; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 1; ZFMK-HYM-00040276 • 2 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°14'6.1N, 34°52'9.2E; 1605 m a.s.l.; 04 Sep. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 23; ZFMK-HYM-00040277, ZFMK-HYM-00040278 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°27'0.9N, 34°50'52.9E; 1649 m a.s.l.; 10 Jul. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 8; ZFMK-HYM-00040281 • 3 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°21'7.9N, 34°52'2.6E; 1597 m a.s.l.; 02 Jul. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 7; ZFMK-HYM-00040282, ZFMK-HYM-00040299, ZFMK-HYM-00040300 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°14'52.3N, 34°52'5.3E; 1607 m a.s.l.; 21 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 18; ZFMK-HYM-00040283 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°19'45.7N, 34°52'2.8E; 1573 m a.s.l.; 07 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 21; ZFMK-HYM-00040284 • 4 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°21'7.9N, 34°52'2.6E; 1597 m a.s.l.; 09 Jul. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 7; ZFMK-HYM-00040285 to ZFMK-HYM-00040288 • 10 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°21'4.4N, 34°51'41.1E; 1602 m a.s.l.; 07 Jun. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 2; ZFMK-HYM-00040289 to ZFMK-HYM-00040298 • 2 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°14'20.5N, 34°51'52.8E; 1634 m a.s.l.; 10 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 17; ZFMK-HYM-00040305, ZFMK-HYM-00040306 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°22'45N, 34°49'40.8E; 1618 m a.s.l.; 11 Sep. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 27; ZFMK-HYM-00040307 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°19'36N, 34°52'14.6E; 1570 m a.s.l.; 21 Jun. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 6; ZFMK-HYM-00040308 • 15 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°19'49.9N, 34°52'16.1E; 1580 m a.s.l.; 07 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 15; ZFMK-HYM-00040310 to ZFMK-HYM-00040324 • 14 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°19'49.9N, 34°52'16.1E; 1580 m a.s.l.; 01 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 15; ZFMK-HYM-00040325 to ZFMK-HYM-00040338.

Female (specimens used for morphometric measurements: ZFMK-HYM-00037253 to ZFMK-HYM-00037256, ZFMK-HYM-00040257).

Body yellowish brown to brown (Fig. 10); lateral area of mesoscutum almost completely black, small area laterally yellowish brown (Fig. 10C); mesoscutellum black (Fig. 10C); gt1 with a pair of large bristles dorso-anteriorly (Fig. 10A and C).

Figure 10. 

Holotype of Dipara nigroscutellata sp. nov. A habitus in lateral view B face in frontal view C body in dorsal view; red arrow: yellowish brown area on lateral area of mesoscutum; blue arrows: bristles on gt1. Scale bar: 100 µm.

Size: small sized, body length 1653–2015 (1815) µm.

Coloration: body yellowish brown to brown (Fig. 10); face yellowish brown and vertex brown (Fig. 10B); scape, pedicel and f1 yellowish brown, f2–7 brown, clava pale yellowish brown (Fig. 10A); lateral area of mesoscutum almost completely black, small area laterally yellowish brown (Fig. 10C); axillae white (Fig. 10C); fore leg with coxa white and rest yellowish brown (Fig. 10A); mid leg with proximal 1/3 of femur white, distal 1/2 of tibia brown, rest yellowish brown (Fig. 10A); hind leg with coxa, proximal 1/2 of femur and proximal 1/2 of tibia white, rest yellowish brown (Fig. 10A); color gradient on gaster, from brown (gt1) to yellowish brown (gt7) (Fig. 10C); posterior 1/2 of gt7 and tip of ovipositor sheath dark brown, rest of gt7 yellowish brown (Fig. 10A).

Head: head round, 1.19–1.26× (1.21) wider than high (Fig. 10B); upper and lower face reticulate, lower face sparsely setose (Fig. 10B); vertex and interantennal area smooth (Fig. 10B); antennal scrobe strigate-reticulate (Fig. 10B); insertion point of antenna same level as ventral margin of eye (Fig. 10B); antennae close, toruli separated by 1.03–1.19× (1.04) torulus diameter (Fig. 10B); antennal formula: 11173 (Fig. 10A); funicle segments ca. as long as wide (Fig. 10A); malar space 0.37–0.40× (0.40) eye height (Fig. 10A); POL 0.60–0.94× (0.60) OOL (Fig. 10C).

Mesosoma: pronotum large and elongated, 1.48–1.65× (1.48) as wide as long, strigate, with two or three pairs of setae laterally close to the posterior edge (Fig. 10C); mesosoma slender, head breadth 1.64–1.71× (1.65) mesoscutum breadth (Fig. 10C); notauli converging ca. at 1/2 the length of mesoscutum (Fig. 10C); median area of mesoscutum strigate-reticulate, black spots on lateral area mostly smooth except for lateral edges carinate-reticulate, lateral area laterally reticulate (Fig. 10C); mesoscutum with two pairs of bristles: one pair on median area, reaching posterior edge of mesoscutum, one pair laterally on lateral area anterior of wing base (Fig. 10C); axillae mostly smooth with some confused ridges (Fig. 10C); mesoscutellum and black spots on lateral area slightly raised (Fig. 10A); mesoscutellum reticulate-rugulose with two pairs of bristles: one pair medially and one small pair posterio-laterally (Fig. 10C); brachypterous, fore wing very small, reaching propodeum, with a large black bristle at the tip (Fig. 10A); propodeum completely smooth (Fig. 10C); nucha smooth with a few longitudinal carinae (Fig. 10C).

Metasoma: petiole short, 0.98–1.16× (1.06) as long as wide, costate-rugose, with lateral pair of large white setae visible in dorsal view (Fig. 10C); gt1 with a pair of large bristles dorso-anteriorly (Fig. 10A and C); gaster medium, 1.53–1.75× (1.59) longer than mesosoma in dorsal view (Fig. 10C); gt1 covering ~ 1/3 of gaster, gts smaller from gt2 to gt6 (Fig. 10C); gt7 and ovipositor sheath sparsely setose (Fig. 10A).

The bristles on the gt1 and the tip of the forewing can sometimes be missing. In this case the pit where the bristles are supposed to be is still visible.

Dipara nigroscutellata is similar to D. andreabalzerae, D. albomaculata, D. fastigata, and D. saetosa in having a black mesoscutellum while the general body coloration is not black. Dipara nigroscutellata differs from D. andreabalzerae and D. fastigata in having a pair of large bristles dorso-anteriorly on the gt1. It differs from D. albomaculata and D. saetosa in the general body coloration, which is much brighter in D. nigroscutellata and in the coloration of the lateral area of the mesoscutum. In D. nigroscutellata the lateral area is laterally yellowish brown and in D. albomaculata and D. saetosa the lateral area is completely black.

Dipara nigroscutellata is similar to D. straminea in sharing the bristles on the gt1 and in propodeum sculpture. It differs from D. straminea in having a black mesoscutellum.

Unknown.

Named after the black mesoscutellum.

Habitat: Leaf litter.

Host: Unknown.

Kenya.

Holotype Kenya • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°19'45.7N, 34°52'2.8E; 1573 m a.s.l.; 17 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 21; ZFMK-HYM-00037248. Paratypes Kenya • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°21'21.1N, 34°51'44.9E; 1632 m a.s.l.; 01 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 16; ZFMK-HYM-00037249 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°19'45.7N, 34°52'2.8E; 1573 m a.s.l.; 24 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 21; NHMUK013457234 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°19'45.7N, 34°52'2.8E; 1573 m a.s.l.; 17 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 21; NMK: ZFMK-HYM-00037251 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°13'15.5N, 34°53'24.7E; 1597 m a.s.l.; 23 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 22; ZFMK-HYM-00037252.

Female. Body bright yellowish brown (Fig. 11A); face with two transverse stripes of dark brown coloration just at the level of toruli and at the level of the ventral margin of the eye, interrupted in interantennal area and supraclypeal area enclosing a stripe of pale white coloration (Fig. 11B); legs yellowish brown except for metacoxa white (Fig. 11A); macropterous, fore wing reaching gt7 (Fig. 11A); mesoscutellum large, mesosoma length 3.43–3.83× (3.43) mesoscutellum length (Fig. 11C); petiole medium to long, 1.78–2.05× (2.02) (specimens used for measurement: ZFMK-HYM-00037248, ZFMK-HYM-00037249, ZFMK-HYM-00037252, NHMUK013457234) as long as wide in dorsal view.

Figure 11. 

Holotype of Dipara nyani sp. nov. A habitus in lateral view B face in frontal view C body in dorsal view. Scale bar: 100 µm.

Size: small to medium sized, body length 1696–2064 (2037) µm (specimens used for measurement: ZFMK-HYM-00037248, ZFMK-HYM-00037249, ZFMK-HYM-00037251, NHMUK013457234).

Coloration: body bright yellowish brown (Fig. 11A); scape ventrally yellowish white, dorsally brown, pedicel and f1–4 yellowish brown, f5–7 brown, clava pale yellowish white (Fig. 11A); face with two transverse stripes of dark brown coloration just at the level of toruli and at the level of the ventral margin of the eye, interrupted in interantennal area and supraclypeal area enclosing a stripe of pale white coloration (Fig. 11B); mesoscutum with pair of black spots medially on lateral area (Fig. 11C); two infuscate spots at the upper edge of the fore wing, one at 1/3 of the length and the other one in the middle (Fig. 11A); legs yellowish brown except for metacoxa white (Fig. 11A); gt6 and gt7 with brown spots around cerci (Fig. 11A); tip of ovipositor sheath brown (Fig. 11A).

Head: head round, 1.25–1.30× (1.30) wider than high (Fig. 11B); head except for lower face subreticulate (Fig. 11B); upper face laterally sparsely setose (Fig. 11B); lower face smooth and sparsely setose (Fig. 11B); distance of antennal insertion to eye short, 0.51–0.94× (0.94) torulus diameter (Fig. 11B); antennae close, toruli separated by 1.12–1.28× (1.28) torulus diameter (Fig. 11B); antennal formula: 11173 (Fig. 11A); shape of funicle segments changing: from f1 longer than wide to f7 ca. as long as wide (Fig. 11A); malar space 0.33–0.39× (0.33) eye height (Fig. 11A); POL 1.24–1.41× (1.38) OOL (Fig. 11C).

Mesosoma: pronotum short and slim, 3.84–5.79× (5.79) as wide as long, reticulate (Fig. 11C); mesosoma robust to of medium breadth, head breadth 1.16–1.33× (1.23) mesoscutum breadth (Fig. 11C); mesonotum completely reticulate (Fig. 11C); mesoscutum with two pairs of bristles: one pair on median area anterior of notauli, reaching posterior edge of mesoscutum, one pair laterally on lateral area anterior of wing base (Fig. 11C); notauli converging slightly anterior of posterior margin of mesoscutum (Fig. 11C); mesoscutellum with two pairs of bristles: one pair anterio-medially and one pair laterally on frenal line (Fig. 11C); macropterous, fore wing reaching gt7, with large bristles along submarginal vein and smaller bristles along marginal and postmarginal vein on edge, stigmal vein very short, stigma rounded, uncus short and pointed (Fig. 11A); propodeum medially smooth, laterally transversely carinate to carinate on nucha (Fig. 11C).

Metasoma: petiole medium to long, 1.78–2.05× (2.02) (specimens used for measurement: ZFMK-HYM-00037248, ZFMK-HYM-00037249, ZFMK-HYM-00037252, NHMUK013457234) as long as wide in dorsal view, costate-rugose, with lateral pair of large white setae visible in dorsal view (Fig. 11C); gaster medium, 1.20–1.29× (1.25) longer than mesosoma in dorsal view (Fig. 11C); gt1 covering ~ 1/3 of gaster, gt2–4 ca. equal in size, gt5 and 6 much smaller (Fig. 11C); gt7 and ovipositor sheath sparsely setose (Fig. 11A).

Dipara nyani is very similar to D. kakamegensis. It differs from it in the following characters: D. nyani is macropterous and the mesoscutellum is larger relative to the mesosoma length, based on the results of the morphometric analysis (Fig. 3). The stripes across the face are similar in D. maculata, D. reticulata and D. rodneymulleni. Dipara nyani differs from D. maculata in having a yellowish brown mesocoxa and petiole. Dipara nyani differs from D. rodneymulleni in many characters: the body coloration, the length of the petiole and the body shape. Dipara nyani differs from D. reticulata in having smooth gastral tergites while they are reticulated in D. reticulata.

Unknown.

Named after the word for monkey in the national language of Kenya, Swahili, because of the dorsal black dots and the mesoscutellum which resemble the face of a monkey.

Habitat: Leaf litter.

Host: Unknown.

Kenya.

Holotype Kenya • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°14'6.1N, 34°52'9.2E; 1605 m a.s.l.; 28 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 23; ZFMK-HYM-00040373. Paratypes Kenya • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°14'52.3N, 34°52'5.3E; 1607 m a.s.l.; 14 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 18; ZFMK-HYM-00040374 • 2 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°14'52.3N, 34°52'5.3E; 1607 m a.s.l.; 21 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 18; NHMUK013457236; NMK: ZFMK-HYM-00040376.

Female. Gastral tergites reticulate (Fig. 12C).

Size: medium sized, body length 2303–2927 (2303) µm.

Coloration: vertex and upper face brown to orangish brown, lower face yellowish brown (Fig. 12B); face with two transverse dark brown stripes just at the level of toruli and at the level of the ventral margin of the eye enclosing a stripe of white coloration, lower stripe darker than upper, upper stripe much fainter in interantennal area (Fig. 12C); scape, pedicel, first to fourth funicle segment (f1–f4) and clava yellowish brown (Fig. 12A); f5–f7 brown (Fig. 12A); pronotum and median area of mesoscutum brown to orangish brown (Fig. 12C); lateral area of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum yellowish brown (Fig. 12C); two black spots with metallic tint medially on lateral area of mesoscutum (Fig. 12C); procoxa, lower mesepisternum and anterior part of mesocoxa dark brown, rest of mesocoxa pale brown, metacoxa white with darker brown part anteriorly, rest of legs yellowish brown (Fig. 12A); mesosoma laterally, propodeum and petiole white (Fig. 12C); fore wing transparent with infuscation at tip (Fig. 12A); gaster yellowish brown (Fig. 12A); ovipositor sheath anteriorly white and posterior tip dark brown (Fig. 12A).

Figure 12. 

Holotype of Dipara reticulata sp. nov. A habitus in lateral view B face in frontal view C body in dorsal view. Scale bar: 100 µm.

Head: head oval, 1.35–1.42× (1.35) wider than high (Fig. 12B); head except for lower face strigate-reticulate, lower face reticulate and sparsely setose (Fig. 12B); distance of antennal insertion to eye long, 1.29–1.56× (1.34) torulus diameter (Fig. 12B); antennae mostly far apart, toruli separated by 1.31–1.58× (1.31) torulus diameter (Fig. 12B); antennal formula: 11173 (Fig. 12A); funicle segments ca. as long as wide (Fig. 12A); malar space 0.26–0.29× (0.27) eye height (Fig. 12A); POL 0.93–1.12× (0.93) OOL (Fig. 12C).

Mesosoma: pronotum large and elongated, 1.78–2.38× (1.78) wider than long, substrigate, with two transverse rows of setae on posterior 1/2 (Fig. 12C); mesosoma mostly slender, head breadth 1.48–1.60× (1.53) mesoscutum breadth (Fig. 12C); notauli converging ca. at 1/2 the length of mesoscutum (Fig. 12C); median area of mesoscutum substrigate, black spots on lateral area strigate-reticulate, lateral area laterally reticulate (Fig. 12C); axillae, mesoscutellum, and frenum reticulate (Fig. 12C); mesoscutum with some small brown setae and two pairs of large bristles: one pair on median area just anterior of notauli, reaching posterior edge of mesoscutum, one pair laterally on lateral area anterior of wing base (Fig. 12C); axillae with some small brown setae (Fig. 12C); mesoscutellum with one pair of bristles anterio-medially and one pair of smaller setae laterally, anterior of frenal line, frenum much smaller than rest of mesoscutellum (Fig. 12C); brachypterous, tips truncated, fore wing reaching middle of petiole, three large black bristles along edge and one large brown bristle at the tip (Fig. 12A); propodeum medially rugulose and laterally transversely carinate transitioning to carinate on nucha (Fig. 12C).

Metasoma: petiole short, 1.20–1.31× (1.24) wider than long, rugose, with four pairs small white setae laterally (Fig. 12C); gastral tergites reticulate (Fig. 12C); gaster medium, 1.47–1.56× (1.54) longer than mesosoma in dorsal view (Fig. 12C); gt1 covering ~1/3 of gaster, gt2–4 ca. equal in size, gt5–6 smaller (Fig. 12C); gt7 and ovipositor sheath sparsely setose (Fig. 12A).

Dipara reticulata is similar to D. kakamegensis, D. maculata, D. nyani, and D. rodneymulleni in having transverse stripes across the face. Dipara reticulata is different form all other Dipara species in having reticulated gastral tergites. In all other species the gastral tergites are smooth.

Unknown.

Named for the reticulated gastral tergites.

Habitat: Leaf litter.

Host: Unknown.

Kenya.

Holotype Kenya • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°19'36N, 34°52'14.6E; 1570 m a.s.l.; 28 Jun. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 6; ZFMK-HYM-00040369. Paratypes Kenya • 2 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°23'6.2N, 34°33'37.8E; 1602 m a.s.l.; 16 Jul. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 11; ZFMK-HYM-00040370; NHMUK013457235 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°21'21.1N, 34°51'44.9E; 1632 m a.s.l.; 01 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 16; NMK: ZFMK-HYM-00040372.

Female. Face with two dark brown stripes at the level of the ventral margin of the eye, interrupted in supraclypeal area, and at the level of the toruli (Fig. 13B); absence of black spots on median area of mesoscutum (Fig. 13C); petiole very long, 2.53–2.80× (2.79) longer than wide (Fig. 13C).

Figure 13. 

Holotype of Dipara rodneymulleni sp. nov. A habitus in lateral view B face in frontal view C and body in dorsal view. Scale bar: 100 µm.

Size: medium to large, body length 2718–3397 (3397) µm.

Coloration: body brown (Fig. 13); distal quarter of scape and pedicel, all funicle segments and small proximal part of the first claval segment (c1) dark brown, rest of scape white, rest of pedicel and clava yellowish brown (Fig. 13A); face with two dark brown stripes at the level of the ventral margin of the eye, interrupted in supraclypeal area, and at the level of the toruli (Fig. 13B); fore leg yellowish brown (Fig. 13A); mid leg with coxa and trochanter white, rest brown (Fig. 13A); hind leg with coxa white with dark brown coloration on posterior part, tibia dark brown, rest brown (Fig. 13A); gt7 with dark brown coloration around cerci and on posterior 1/2, rest of gt7 yellowish brown (Fig. 13A); ovipositor sheath yellowish brown on anterior 1/2 and posterior tip dark brown (Fig. 13A).

Head: head round, 1.22–1.29× (1.29) (specimens used for measurement: ZFMK-HYM-00040369, ZFMK-HYM-00040372, NHMUK013457235) wider than high (Fig. 13B); upper and lower face reticulate (Fig. 13B); vertex and interantennal area smooth (Fig. 13B); antennal scrobe substrigate (Fig. 13B); distance of antennal insertion to eye long, 1.49–1.76× (1.68) (specimens used for measurement: ZFMK-HYM-00040369, ZFMK-HYM-00040372, NHMUK013457235) torulus diameter (Fig. 13B); antennae close, toruli separated by 0.99–1.04× (0.99) (specimens used for measurement: ZFMK-HYM-00040369, ZFMK-HYM-00040372, NHMUK013457235) torulus diameter (Fig. 13B); antennal formula: 11173 (Fig. 13A); funicle segments longer than wide, getting shorter from f1–7 (Fig. 13A); malar space 0.30–0.32× (0.30) eye height (Fig. 13A); lower face and vertex sparsely setose (Fig. 13A); occipital margin with sharp edge (Fig. 13A); POL 1.47–1.74× (1.74) OOL (Fig. 13C).

Mesosoma: pronotum short and slim, 3.29–3.81× (3.74) as wide as long, strigulate-reticulate, sparsely setose (Fig. 13C); mesosoma of medium breadth, head breadth 1.25–1.28× (1.25) (specimens used for measurement: ZFMK-HYM-00040369, ZFMK-HYM-00040370, NHMUK013457235) mesoscutum breadth (Fig. 13C); notauli not converging (Fig. 13C); mesoscutum reticulate, sparsely setose, with two pairs of bristles: one pair medially on median area anterior of notauli almost reaching axillae, one pair laterally on lateral area anterior of wing base (Fig. 13C); axillae reticulate (Fig. 13C); mesoscutellum anteriorly reticulate to carinulate posteriorly and on frenum, with two pairs of bristles: one pair anterio-medially and one pair laterally on frenal line, frenum almost as large as anterior part of mesoscutellum (Fig. 13C); macropterous, fore wing with large black bristles along submarginal vein and smaller bristles along marginal and postmarginal vein, mostly infuscate with some transparent patches, stigmal vein rather short, stigma thin, uncus short and pointed (Fig. 13A); propodeum medially smooth and laterally confused carinate (Fig. 13C); nucha carinate (Fig. 13C).

Metasoma: petiole very long, 2.53–2.80× (2.79) longer than wide, with anterior 2/3 rugose and rest carinate, with lateral pair of large white setae visible in dorsal view (Fig. 13C); gaster medium, 1.46–1.53× (1.53) longer than mesosoma in dorsal view (Fig. 13C); gt1 covering ~1/3 of gaster, gt2–6 ca. equal in size (Fig. 13C); gt7 and ovipositor sheath slender and elongated, together ca. as long as rest of gaster, sparsely setose (Fig. 13C).

Dipara rodneymulleni shares the stripes across the face with D. maculata, D. nyani, D. kakamegensis, and D. reticulata and but other than that has a completely different morphology and coloration. The most obvious characters to distinguish D. rodneymulleni are the very long petiole and the absence of black spots on the lateral areas of the mesoscutum.

Male. Unknown.

Named after professional skateboarder Rodney Mullen who revolutionized street skating like no other, reflecting the first author’s lifelong passion for skateboarding.

Habitat: Leaf litter.

Host: Unknown.

Kenya.

Holotype Kenya • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°13'15.5N, 34°53'24.7E; 1597 m a.s.l.; 23 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 22; ZFMK-HYM-00040339. Paratypes Kenya • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°37'24.1N, 34°51'12E; 1585 m a.s.l.; 16 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 10; ZFMK-HYM-00040340 • 7 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°21'4.4N, 34°51'41.1E; 1602 m a.s.l.; 05 Jun. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 2; ZFMK-HYM-00040341, ZFMK-HYM-00040353 to ZFMK-HYM-00040356; NMK: ZFMK-HYM-00040357, ZFMK-HYM-00040358 • 3 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°27'0.9N, 34°50'52.9E; 1649 m a.s.l.; 10 Jul. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 8; ZFMK-HYM-00040342; NHMUK013457227, NHMUK013457228 • 7 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°21'7.9N, 34°52'2.6E; 1597 m a.s.l.; 09 Jul. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 7; ZFMK-HYM-00040343, ZFMK-HYM-00040362, ZFMK-HYM-00040363; NMK: ZFMK-HYM-00040359 to ZFMK-HYM-00040361, ZFMK-HYM-00040366 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°27'10.6N, 34°51'48.7E; 1676 m a.s.l.; 19 Jun. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 4; ZFMK-HYM-00040344 • 3 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°21'4.4N, 34°51'41.1E; 1602 m a.s.l.; 05 Jun. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 2; ZFMK-HYM-00040345 to ZFMK-HYM-00040347 • 3 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°19'49.9N, 34°52'16.1E; 1580 m a.s.l.; 01 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 15; NHMUK013457229 to NHMUK013457231 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°21'7.9N, 34°52'2.6E; 1597 m a.s.l.; 02 Jul. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 7; ZFMK-HYM-00040364 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°23'6.2N, 34°33'37.8E; 1602 m a.s.l.; 23 Jul. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 11; ZFMK-HYM-00040365 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°13'15.5N, 34°53'24.7E; 1597 m a.s.l.; 25 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 22; ZFMK-HYM-00040367 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°13'15.5N, 34°53'24.7E; 1597 m a.s.l.; 23 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 22; ZFMK-HYM-00040368.

Female (specimens used for morphometric measurements: ZFMK-HYM-00040339 to ZFMK-HYM-00040343).

Strong blue metallic tint on the following areas: vertex between ocelli, pronotum laterally, median area of mesoscutum posteriorly between notauli, lateral area of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum (Fig. 14C).

Size: small to medium sized, body length 1667–2432 (2081) µm.

Coloration: body dark brown (Fig. 14); scape proximally and distally dark brown, medially white, proximal 1/2 of pedicel dark brown, distal 1/2 white, funicle segments dark brown, clava pale yellowish white (Fig. 14A); strong blue metallic tint on the following areas: vertex between ocelli, pronotum laterally, median area of mesoscutum posteriorly between notauli, lateral area of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum (Fig. 14C); fore leg with coxa, trochanter and proximal 1/3 of femur white, rest yellowish brown (Fig. 14A); mid leg with proximal parts of femur and tibia yellowish white, rest yellowish brown (Fig. 14A); hind leg with distal 2/3 of femur brown, distal quarter of tibia and tarsus yellowish brown, rest white (Fig. 14A); anterior 1/2 of gt7 yellowish brown (Fig. 14A).

Figure 14. 

Holotype of Dipara sapphirus sp. nov. A habitus in lateral view B face in frontal view C body in dorsal view. Scale bar: 100 µm.

Head: head round, 1.26–1.30× (1.29) wider than high (Fig. 14B); upper face strigate-reticulate (Fig. 14B); lower face reticulate and sparsely setose (Fig. 14B); antennal scrobe substrigate with deep groove (Fig. 14B); vertex and interantennal area smooth (Fig. 14B); distance of antennal insertion to eye short, 0.85–1.08× (1.00) torulus diameter (Fig. 14B); antennae close, separated by 1.07–1.26× (1.16) torulus diameter (Fig. 14B); antennal formula: 11173 (Fig. 14A); funicle segments ca. as long as wide (Fig. 14A); malar space 0.26–0.41× (0.26) eye height (Fig. 14A); POL 0.78–0.95× (0.95) OOL (Fig. 14C).

Mesosoma: pronotum mostly short and slim, 3.30–3.60× (3.60) wider than long, medially and around posterior margin smooth, laterally reticulate, with some setae close to the posterior edge (Fig. 14C); mesosoma mostly robust, head breadth 1.13–1.22× (1.14) mesoscutum breadth (Fig. 14C); notauli not converging (Fig. 14C); mesoscutum with median area posteriorly between notauli smooth and rest strigate-reticulate, lateral area medially smooth and laterally reticulate, sparsely setose, with two pairs of larger bristles: one pair on median area just anterior of notauli, reaching posterior margin of mesoscutum, one pair laterally on lateral area anterior of wing base (Fig. 14C); axillae smooth and sparsely setose (Fig. 14C); mesoscutellum anteriorly reticulate to smooth posteriorly, with two pairs of bristles: one pair anterio-medially and one pair laterally on frenal line (Fig. 14C); macropterous, fore wing reaching gt7 with large bristles along submarginal vein and smaller bristles along marginal and postmarginal vein on edge, alternating infuscate and transparent, starting with infuscate at the tip, stigmal vein short, stigma round and large, uncus broad and rounded (Fig. 14A); propodeum medially smooth, laterally transversely carinate (Fig. 14C); nucha carinate (Fig. 14C).

Metasoma: petiole short to medium, 1.31–1.67× (1.60) longer than wide in dorsal view, costate-rugose, with lateral pair of large white setae visible in dorsal view (Fig. 14C); gaster medium 1.37–1.53× (1.47) longer than mesosoma in dorsal view (Fig. 14C); gt1 covering ~ 1/2 of gaster, gt2 larger than gt3–6, gt3–6 ca. equal in size (Fig. 14C); gt7 and ovipositor sheath elongated and sparsely setose (Fig. 14A).

In body shape, D. sapphirus is similar to D. lux and D. tenebra but can be distinguished from all other Dipara species by having a very distinct blue metallic tint on the following body parts: vertex between ocelli, pronotum laterally, median area of mesoscutum posteriorly between notauli, lateral area of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum (Fig. 14C).

Unknown.

Named after sapphires for the blue metallic tint.

Habitat: Leaf litter.

Host: Unknown.

Kenya.

Holotype Kenya • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°27'10.6N, 34°51'48.7E; 1676 m a.s.l.; 19 Jun. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 4; ZFMK-HYM-00040377. Paratype Kenya • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°37'24.1N, 34°51'12E; 1585 m a.s.l.; 01 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 10; ZFMK-HYM-00040378.

Female. Body brown to dark brown (Fig. 15); face with dark brown to black stripe from one eye to the other at the level of the ventral margin of the eye, interrupted in supraclypeal area (Fig. 15B); vertex smooth (Fig. 15B); petiole very long, 2.51–2.77× (2.51) longer than wide in dorsal view (Fig. 15C).

Figure 15. 

Holotype of Dipara tenebra sp. nov. A habitus in lateral view B face in frontal view C body in dorsal view. Scale bar: 100 µm.

Size: medium sized, body length 2293–2474 (2293) µm.

Coloration: body brown to dark brown (Fig. 15); scape and f1 yellowish brown, pedicel, f23, and f7 yellowish brown to brown, f4–6 brown, clava white (Fig. 15A); face with dark brown to black stripe from one eye to the other at the level of the ventral margin of the eye, interrupted in supraclypeal area (Fig. 15B); mesoscutum with two black spots medially on lateral area (Fig. 15C); fore leg with distal tip of coxa brown, rest of coxa white, trochanter and femur brown, tibia and tarsus yellowish brown (Fig. 15A); mid leg with coxa and trochanter white and rest yellowish brown (Fig. 15A); hind leg with anterior part of coxa, trochanter and anterior part of femur white, posterior part of coxa dark brown to black, rest of hind leg yellowish brown (Fig. 15A); gt1 brown, anterior 2/3 of gt7 yellowish brown, rest of gaster dark brown (Fig. 15A).

Head: head oval, 1.33–1.37× (1.33) wider than high (Fig. 15B); upper face next to toruli reticulate, rest smooth (Fig. 15B); lower face reticulate, sparsely setose (Fig. 15B); interantennal area smooth, antennal scrobe strigate-reticulate (Fig. 15B); vertex smooth (Fig. 15B); distance of antennal insertion to eye short, 0.66–0.76× (0.66) torulus diameter (Fig. 15B); antennae close, toruli separated by 1.17–1.32× (1.17) torulus diameter (Fig. 15B); antennal formula: 11173 (Fig. 15A); funicle segments getting shorter from f1 to f7, f1 much longer than wide, f7 ca. as wide as long (Fig. 15A); malar space 0.37–0.39× (0.37) eye height (Fig. 15A); POL 0.89–0.96× (0.89) OOL (Fig. 15C).

Mesosoma: pronotum of medium length, 3.11–3.12× (3.11) wider than long, substrigate, with row of setae close to the posterior edge (Fig. 15C); mesosoma robust, head breadth 1.15–1.18× (1.15) mesoscutum breadth (Fig. 15C); mesoscutum reticulate, with two pairs of bristles: one pair on median area anterior of notauli, one pair laterally on lateral area anterior to wing base (Fig. 15C); notauli converging at posterior margin of mesoscutum (Fig. 15C); axillae reticulate (Fig. 15C); mesoscutellum anteriorly reticulate, frenum smooth, with two pairs of bristles: one pair anterio-medially, one pair laterally anterior of frenal line (Fig. 15C); macropterous, fore wing reaching gt7, with larger bristles along marginal and postmarginal vein on edge of forewing, with dense brush of setae at proximal end of marginal vein, with large areas of infuscation, stigmal vein very short, stigma large and rounded, uncus short and pointed (Fig. 15A); propodeum medially smooth and laterally transversely carinate (Fig. 15C); nucha carinate (Fig. 15C).

Metasoma: petiole very long, 2.51–2.77× (2.51) longer than wide in dorsal view, costate-rugose, with lateral pair of large setae visible in dorsal view (Fig. 15C); gaster medium, 1.20–1.24× (1.20) longer than mesosoma in dorsal view (Fig. 15C); gt1 covering ~ 1/3 of gaster (Fig. 15C); gt7 and ovipositor sheath sparsely setose (Fig. 15A).

Dipara tenebra is similar to D. corona, D. lux, D. machadoi, D. striata, D. tigrina, and D. turneri and in having one dark brown to black stripe across the face. Dipara tenebra is different from D. machadoi in having distinct notauli, which are lacking in D. machadoi. It differs from D. corona, D. striata, D. tigrina, and D. turneri in having a very long petiole. Dipara tenebra and D. lux are very similar in body shape and differ in their body coloration which is much darker in D. tenebra and in the surface sculpture of the head. They share the otherwise unique character of having a dense brush of setae close to the proximal end of the marginal vein on the fore wing.

Unknown.

Named after the Latin word tenebra for darkness, in contrast to D. lux which looks very similar but is much lighter in coloration.

Habitat: Leaf litter.

Host: Unknown.

Kenya.

Holotype Kenya • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°21'4.4N, 34°51'41.1E; 1602 m a.s.l.; 05 Jun. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 2; ZFMK-HYM-00040383.

Diagnosis. Female. Propodeum laterally smooth, medially distinctly subcarinate with reticulation between carinae, carinae extending to nucha (Fig. 16C); petiole with at least six pairs of small white setae laterally (Fig. 16D).

Figure 16. 

Holotype of Dipara tigrina sp. nov. A habitus in lateral view B face in frontal view C head and mesosoma in dorsal view D metasoma in dorsal view; red arrow: setae laterally on the petiole. Scale bar: 100 µm.

Size: medium sized, body length 2329 µm.

Coloration: body yellowish brown to brown (Fig. 16); dorsal part of scape brown, ventral part of scape white, pedicel yellowish brown, funicle segments dark brown, clava white (Fig. 16A); face yellowish brown, with two brown spots at the ventral margin of the eye (Fig. 16B); vertex dark brown (Fig. 16B); mesoscutum with two large black spots medially on lateral area (Fig. 16C); fore and mid leg with coxa white, rest yellowish brown (Fig. 16A); hind leg with coxa, trochanter and proximal 1/2 of tibia white, rest yellowish brown (Fig. 16A); two broad dark brown stripes on gt1, one directly posterior to petiole and one at posterior edge (Fig. 16D); gt6 dark brown (Fig. 16D); gt7 around cerci and posterior 1/3 dark brown, rest yellowish brown (Fig. 16A); ovipositor sheath dark brown (Fig. 16A).

Head: head round, 1.24× wider than high, entirely reticulate (Fig. 16B); lower face sparsely setose (Fig. 16B); distance of antennal insertion to eye short, 0.66 torulus diameter (Fig. 16B); antennae close, toruli separated by 1.31× torulus diameter (Fig. 16B); antennal formula: 11173 (Fig. 16A); funicle segments getting shorter from f1 to f7, f1 slightly longer than wide and f7 as wide as long (Fig. 16A); malar space 0.34× eye height (Fig. 16A); POL 1.03× OOL (Fig. 16C).

Mesosoma: pronotum large and elongated, 1.95× as wide as long, reticulate, with two rows of small setae close to posterior margin (Fig. 16C); mesosoma of medium breadth, head breadth 1.46× mesoscutum breadth (Fig. 16C); notauli converging at 1/2 the length of mesoscutum (Fig. 16C); mesoscutum reticulate, with two pairs of bristles: one pair anterio-medially on median area anterior of notauli one pair laterally on lateral area anterior of wing base (Fig. 16C); axillae reticulate (Fig. 16C); mesoscutellum anteriorly reticulate, frenum porcate, with two pairs of bristles: one pair anterio-medially, one pair laterally just anterior of frenal line (Fig. 16C); brachypterous, fore wing reaching anterior edge of propodeum or shorter (Fig. 16C); propodeum laterally smooth, medially distinctly subcarinate with reticulated pattern between the carinae, carinae extending to nucha (Fig. 16C).

Metasoma: petiole short, 1.37× as long as wide in dorsal view, with at least six pairs of small white setae laterally visible in dorsal view, subcarinate (Fig. 16D), similar to propodeum sculpture (Fig. 16C); gaster medium, 1.51× longer than mesosoma in dorsal view (Fig. 16D); gt1 covering ~ 1/3 of gaster (Fig. 16D); gt7 and ovipositor sheath sparsely setose (Fig. 16A).

Dipara tigrina is similar to D. corona, D. lux, D. machadoi, D. striata, D. tenebra, and D. turneri in having one dark brown to black stripe across the face. It differs from D. corona, D. lux, D. machadoi, D. tenebra, and D. turneri in the propodeum sculpture. The propodeum sculpture is similar in D. punctulata and D. striata. They show a very distinct surface sculpture with a striated subcarinate pattern extending to the nucha. Dipara tigrina differs from D. punctulata and D. striata in having more setae laterally on the propodeum and in having a reticulated pattern medially between the carinae on the propodeum.

The only available specimen of this species has an irregular black spot on the propodeum. This spot is considered an aberration and thus is not part of the species description.

Male. Unknown.

Named after the Latin adjective tigrinus for the tiger-like stripes on the gaster.

Habitat: Leaf litter.

Host: Unknown.

Kenya.

Paratype Angola • 1 ♀; Mabete, Caungula; 20. Jul. 1962; A. de Barros Machado leg.; NHMUK013455574.

Kenya • 5 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°22'43.7N, 34°41'57.3E; 1452 m a.s.l.; 25 Aug. 2008; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 35; ZFMK-HYM-00040386 to ZFMK-HYM-00040390.

Female. Body brown to dark brown (Fig. 17); vertex smooth (Fig. 17B); clava white (Fig. 17A); lateral area of mesoscutum completely black (Fig. 17B); pro- and metacoxa white (Fig. 17A); propodeum completely smooth (Fig. 17B); gt1 with a pair of large bristles dorso-anteriorly (Fig. 17B).

Figure 17. 

Paratype of Dipara albomaculata (Hedqvist, 1963) A habitus in lateral view B body in dorsal view.

The holotype of D. albomaculata is supposed to be stored at the MDLA but we were unable to get in contact with the museum and thus the holotype could not be located and examined. Two paratypes are stored at the BMNH and one of them was examined.

Dipara albomaculata is similar to D. andreabalzerae, D. fastigata, D. nigroscutellata and D. saetosa in having a black mesoscutellum while the general body coloration is not black. It differs from D. andreabalzerae and D. fastigata in having a pair of bristles dorso-anteriorly on the gt1. It differs from D. nigroscutellata in the general body coloration, which is much darker and in the coloration of the lateral area of the mesoscutum. In D. albomaculata the lateral area is completely black and D. nigroscutellata has a small yellowish brown area on its most lateral part. The differences to D. saetosa can be found in the smooth vertex and the white pro- and metacoxa.

Dipara albomaculata is similar to D. straminea in sharing the bristles on the gt1 and the propodeum sculpture. It differs from D. straminea in having a black mesoscutellum.

Additional specimens from this species were found in the Kakamega Forest in Kenya and the distribution is updated accordingly.

Angola; Kenya.

Female. Notauli absent.

The holotype of D. machadoi is supposed to be stored at the MDLA but we were unable to get in contact with the museum and thus the holotype could not be located and examined. Based on the original description by Hedqvist (1971) D. machadoi differs from all other Afrotropical Dipara species in having no notauli.

Female. Face with two transverse stripes of dark brown coloration just at the level of toruli and at the level of the ventral margin of the eye, enclosing a stripe of pale yellowish white coloration; mesocoxa and petiole white.

The holotype of D. maculata is supposed to be stored at the MDLA but we were unable to get in contact with the museum and thus the holotype could not be located and examined. Based on the original description by Hedqvist (1963) it is similar to D. kakamegensis, D. nyani, and D. rodneymulleni in having two transverse stripes on the face. It differs from D. rodneymulleni in having a much shorter petiole. In contrast to D. kakamegensis and D. nyani, D. maculata has a white petiole and mesocoxa.

Holotype Democratic Republic Of Congo • 1 ♀; Mount Kabobo, Terr. Albertville, Hte. Kiymbi; 1700 m a.s.l; Oct. 1958; N. Leleup leg.; “Humus en forêt”; RMCA ENT 000017982.

Kenya • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°14'22.9N, 34°51'21E; 1594 m a.s.l.; 24 Jul. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 12; ZFMK-HYM-00040384 • 1 ♀; Kakamega Forest, Kenya; 00°19'49.9N, 34°52'16.1E; 1580 m a.s.l.; 01 Aug. 2007; Hita-Garcia, F. leg.; Winkler extraction; Transect 15; ZFMK-HYM-00040385.

Female. Head and mesosoma black, coxae dark brown (Figs 18, 19).

Dipara nigrita was originally described as brachypterous (Fig. 18) by Hedqvist (1969). In the examined material from Kenya, we found specimens that we consider to be the macropterous form of this species (Fig. 19). Differences in the wing form within Diparinae are reported from several other species (Bouček 1988; Mitroiu 2019) and the slight differences found between the macropterous forms and the brachypterous holotype were not enough to justify describing the macropterous form as a new species. Those differences were found in the color of the first claval segment. It can vary from light brown to white.

Figure 18. 

Holotype of Dipara nigrita Hedqvist, 1969 A habitus in lateral view B face in frontal view C body in dorsal view D labels. Scale bar: 100 µm.

Macropterous individuals have fully developed wings with the fore wings reaching the gt7 (Fig. 19). Brachypterous individuals show much shorter wings with the fore wings reaching approximately the posterior margin of the petiole (Fig. 18).

Figure 19. 

Macropterous specimen of Dipara nigrita Hedqvist, 1969 from the Kakamega Forest in Kenya A habitus in lateral view B face in frontal view C body in dorsal view. Scale bar: 100 µm.

Dipara nigrita is the only species which shows a completely black coloration of the head and mesosoma. Darker specimens of D. albomaculata sometimes have a partly very dark brown to black head and mesosoma but never completely black. Additionally, the coxa of D. albomaculata are white in contrast to the dark brown coxa of D. nigrita.

Additional specimens from the species were found in the Kakamega Forest in Kenya and the distribution is updated accordingly.

Democratic Republic of Congo; Kenya.

Holotype South Africa • 1 ♀; Port St. John, Pondoland; Jan. 1924; R.E. Turner leg.; NHMUK013455580.

Female. Vertex and propodeum smooth (Fig. 20B); petiole with long bristle anterio-laterally, reaching gt1 (Fig. 20B).

Figure 20. 

Holotype of Dipara pallida (Hedqvist, 1969) A habitus in lateral view B face in frontal view C body in dorsal view; red arrows: long lateral bristles on the petiole.

Dipara pallida is similar to D. punctulata in having a large bristle anterio-laterally on the petiole. They differ in the surface sculpture of the vertex and the propodeum.

Figure 21. 

Holotype of Dipara punctulata (Hedqvist, 1969) A habitus in lateral view B face in frontal view C head and mesosoma in dorsal view D metasoma in dorsal view; red arrow: long lateral bristles on the petiole.

Holotype South Africa • 1 ♀; Port St. John, Pondoland; Jan. 1924; R.E. Turner leg.; NHMUK013455579.

Female. Vertex reticulate (Fig. 21B); propodeum subcarinate (Fig. 21C); petiole with long bristle anterio-laterally, reaching gt1 (Fig. 21D).

Dipara punctulata is similar to D. pallida in having a large bristle anterio-laterally on the petiole. They differ in the surface sculpture of the vertex and the propodeum.

Holotype Tanzania • 1 ♀; Tanganyika Terr., Mt. Oldeani, versant Est; 2350–2500 m a.s.l.; 6.–9. Jun. 1957; RMCA ENT 000017989.

Female. Vertex reticulate between ocelli, rest smooth (Fig. 22C); clava dark brown (Fig. 22A); lateral area of mesoscutum completely black (Fig. 22C); mesoscutellum black (Fig. 22C); pro- and metacoxa with proximal 1/3 brown and rest yellowish brown (Fig. 22A); gt1 with a pair of large bristles dorso-anteriorly (Fig. 22C).

Figure 22. 

Holotype of Dipara saetosa (Delucchi, 1962) A habitus in lateral view B face in frontal view C body in dorsal view D labels; red arrows: dorsal bristles on gt1. Scale bar: 100 µm.

Dipara saetosa is similar to D. albomaculata, D. nigroscutellata, and D. straminea in having a pair of large bristles dorso-anteriorly on the gt1. It differs from D. straminea in having a black mesoscutellum. In contrast to D. nigroscutellata the lateral area of the mesoscutum is completely black. Differences to D. albomaculata can be found in the reticulation between the ocelli and the coloration of the clava and the pro- and metacoxa.

Holotype Democratic Republic Of Congo • 1 ♀; Kivu, Terr. Mwenga, S.-O. Tombwe, Luiko; 2100 m a.s.l.; Jan. 1952; N. Leleup leg.; “Récolté dans l’humus”; RMCA ENT 000017981.

Female. Mesoscutellum yellowish brown (Fig. 23C); gt1 with a pair of large bristles dorso-anteriorly (Fig. 23A, C).

Dipara straminea is similar to D. albomaculata, D. nigroscutellata, and D. saetosa in having a pair of large bristles dorso-anteriorly on the gt1. It differs from them by having a yellowish brown mesoscutellum.

Figure 23. 

Holotype of Dipara straminea (Hedqvist, 1969) A habitus in lateral view B face in frontal view C body in dorsal view D labels; red arrows: dorsal bristles on gt1. Scale bar: 100 µm.

Holotype South Africa • 1 ♀; Cape Province, Somerset East; 1.–26. Jan. 1931; R.E. Turner leg.; NHMUK013455578.

Female. Propodeum laterally smooth, medially distinctly subcarinate, carinae extending to nucha (Fig. 24C); petiole with three pairs of small setae laterally (Fig. 24C).

Figure 24. 

Holotype of Dipara striata (Hedqvist, 1969) A habitus in lateral view B face in frontal view C body in dorsal view.

Dipara striata is similar to D. corona, D. lux, D. machadoi, D. tenebra, D. tigrina, and D. turneri in having one dark brown to black stripe across the face. It differs from D. corona, D. lux, D. machadoi, D. tenebra, and D. turneri in the propodeum sculpture. The propodeum sculpture is similar in D. punctulata and D. tigrina. They show a very distinct striated subcarinate pattern extending to the nucha. Dipara striata differs from D. punctulata in lacking a large bristle anterio-laterally on the petiole. Dipara striata differs from D. tigrina in having less setae laterally on the petiole and in lacking reticulation on the propodeum.

Holotype South Africa • 1 ♀; Port St. John, Pondoland; 6.–25. Feb. 1924; R.E. Turner leg.; NHMUK013455576.

Diagnosis. Female. Broad dark brown stripe across head from one eye to the other below toruli (Fig. 25B); median and lateral area of mesoscutum with distinct transverse broad black stripe (Fig. 25C); brachypterous, fore wing reaching slightly beyond petiole (Fig. 25A); petiole slightly wider than long (Fig. 25C).

Figure 25. 

Holotype of Dipara turneri Hedqvist 1969 A habitus in lateral view B face in frontal view C body in dorsal view.

Dipara turneri is similar to D. corona in having a distinct transverse broad black stripe on the median and lateral area of the mesoscutum. In other not completely black species the black spots on the mesoscutum are restricted to the lateral area.

Dipara turneri differs from D. corona in the wing form and in the petiole shape. The petiole is longer than wide in D. corona and wider than long in D. turneri.