Research Article |
Corresponding author: Shuqiang Li ( lisq@ioz.ac.cn ) Academic editor: Yuri Marusik
© 2016 Lu Chen, Zhe Zhao, Shuqiang Li.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Chen L, Zhao Z, Li S (2016) Six new species of the spider genus Spiricoelotes species (Araneae, Agelenidae) from caves in Jiangxi, China. ZooKeys 561: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.561.6965
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Six new species of the spider genus Spiricoelotes Wang, 2002 are described, S. anshiensis Chen & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), S. chufengensis Chen & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), S. nansheensis Chen & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), S. taipingensis Chen & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), S. xianheensis Chen & Li, sp. n. (♂♀) and S. xiongxinensis Chen & Li, sp. n. (♀). All new species were collected from caves in Jiangxi Province, China.
Taxonomy, Asia, Coelotinae , description, diagnosis, cave
The spider genus Spiricoelotes was established by
Specimens were examined with a LEICA M205C stereomicroscope. Images were captured with an Olympus C7070 wide zoom digital camera (7.1 megapixels) mounted on an Olympus SZX12 dissecting microscope. Epigynes and male palps were examined after dissection from the spiders’ bodies.
All measurements were obtained using a LEICA M205C stereomicroscope and are given in millimeters. Leg measurements are shown as: total length (femur, patella + tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). Only structures (palp and legs) on the left side of the body were described and measured. The abbreviations and terminology used in the text follows
A partial fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was amplified and sequenced for S. anshiensis sp. n., S. chufengensis sp. n., S. nansheensis sp. n., S. taipingensis sp. n., S. xianheensis sp. n. and S. xiongxinensis sp. n. following the protocol in Miller et al. (2009). Primers used in this study are: LCO1490 (5’-CWACAAAYCATARRGATATTGG-3’) (
Species | GenBank accession number | Sequence length | Collection localities |
---|---|---|---|
S. anshiensis sp. n. | KT896546 | 1196 bp | Chayuan Village, Shacun Town, Ji’an City, Jiangxi Province, China |
S. chufengensis sp. n. | KT896541 | 1205 bp | Huangguan Village, Ningdu County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China |
S. nansheensis sp. n. | KT896544 | 1232 bp | Shuangqiao Town, Wanzai County, Yichun City, Jiangxi Province, China |
S. taipingensis sp. n. | KT896542 | 1029 bp | Huangguan Village, Ningdu County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China |
S. xianheensis sp. n. | KT896543 | 1208 bp | Niedu Village, Chongyi County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China |
S. xiongxinensis sp. n. | KT896545 | 1232 bp | Zhanshan Village, Shangli County, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province, China |
All specimens (including molecular vouchers) are deposited in the
Spiricoelotes Wang, 2002: 129. Type species Coelotes zonatus Peng & Wang, 1997, from China.
The males can be easily recognized from other coelotines by the strongly curved patellar apophyses, the absence of a dorsal apophysis of the conductor, and the slender, anteriorly extending conductor. (Fig.
Holotype ♂: China: Jiangxi: Ji’an City: Shacun Town, Chayuan Village, Anshi Cave, N26°31'24", E115°06'48", elevation: 332 m, 3.V.2013, Y.F. Luo and J.C. Liu. Paratypes: 5♀, same data as holotype.
The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective.
The male of the new species can be easily distinguished from all other Spiricoelotes by the long conductor (more than 1/2 length of cymbium, in previously known species subequal to or less than 1/2 length of cymbium) and looped conductor apex (with one loop, conductor of previously known species spiralled, rather than with looped apex), the long and broad outgrowth of the conductor (conductor of previously known species without outgrowth) (Fig.
Male (holotype): Total length 5.59. Carapace 2.78 long, 1.94 wide. Abdomen 2.81 long, 1.63 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.14, ALE 0.15, PME 0.13, PLE 0.11; AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.02, PME-PME 0.06, PME-PLE 0.08. Leg measurements: I 11.50 (3.35, 3.45, 2.75, 1.95); II 12.24 (3.20, 4.16, 3.12, 1.76); III 10.84 (2.88 3.28, 2.88, 1.80); IV 14.57 (3.92, 4.10, 4.23, 2.32). Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 4 retromarginal teeth. Palp: patellar apophysis longer than patella, with pointed tip, strongly curved; RTA with pointed tip, extending beyond the tibia; LTA short, approximately 1/4 length of RTA; cymbial furrow long, approximately 1/3 length of cymbium; conductor long, slender, anteriorly extending, and apex looped; with outgrowth, located at the base of conductor; embolus beginning at 5:30 to 6 o’clock position (Fig.
Female (one of the paratypes): Total length 7.68. Carapace 3.28 long, 2.50 wide. Abdomen 4.40 long, 3.00 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.25, PME 0.19, PLE 0.17; AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.04, PME-PME 0.09, PME-PLE 0.08. Leg measurements: I 13.21 (3.60, 4.45, 3.12, 2.04); II 11.82 (3.50, 3.96, 2.60, 1.76); III 10.68 (3.04, 3.28, 2.76, 1.60); IV 14.88 (3.96, 4.85, 3.95, 2.12). Chelicerae as in male. Epigyne: atria bean-shaped, approximately 1/3 of epigynal plate, situated anteriorly and separated by septum (narrower than atria); hoods distinct, situated anteriorly, close to each other; spermathecae long and convoluted; copulatory ducts short, funnel-shaped (Fig.
Known only from the type locality (Fig.
Holotype ♂: China: Jiangxi: Ganzhou City: Ningdu County: Huangguan Village, Chufeng Cave, N26°29'35", E115°55'45", elevation: 395 m, 29.IV.2013, Y.F. Luo and J. Liu. Paratypes: 6♀, same data as holotype.
The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective.
The male of the new species has a uniquely shaped male palp and can be easily distinguished from all other Spiricoelotes by the more slender, needle-like conductor (conductor spiralled or with looped apex in other species) and the shorter cymbial furrow (approximately 1/4 length of cymbium, in other species approximately 1/2 length of cymbium) (Fig.
Male (holotype): Total length 8.05. Carapace 4.25 long, 3.00 wide. Abdomen 3.80 long, 2.25 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.20, ALE 0.14, PME 0.18, PLE 0.18; AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.04, PME-PME 0.14, PME-PLE 0.13. Leg measurements: I 15.05 (4.23, 5.12, 3.45, 2.25); II 13.55 (3.85, 4.30, 3.35, 2.05); III 12.85 (3.75, 4.05, 3.25, 1.80); IV 16.80 (4.65, 4.95, 4.75, 2.45). Chelicerae with three promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. Palp: patellar apophysis long, subequal to width of patella, with pointed tip, strongly curved; RTA with pointed tip, extending slightly beyond the tibia; LTA short; cymbial furrow short, approximately 1/4 length of cymbium; conductor long, needle-like, anteriorly extending; embolus, beginning at 6 o’clock to 6:30 position (Fig.
Female (one of the paratypes): Total length 7.52. Carapace 3.60 long, 2.48 wide. Abdomen 3.92 long, 2.36 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.15, ALE 0.19, PME 0.14, PLE 0.18; AME-AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.03, PME-PME 0.11, PME-PLE 0.09. Leg measurements: I 13.15 (3.75, 4.45, 3.03, 1.92); II 11.24 (3.23, 3.80, 2.49, 1.72); III 10.62 (2.85, 3.32, 2.60, 1.85); IV 14.05 (3.80, 4.54 , 3.80, 2.00). Chelicerae as in male. Epigyne: atria small, located posterolaterally; hoods distinct, located anterolaterally; spermathecae broad, convoluted; copulatory ducts bulb-shaped (Fig.
Known only from the type locality (Fig.
Holotype ♂: China: Jiangxi: Yichun City: Wanzai County: Shuangqiao Town, Nanshe Cave, N28°10'8", E114°17'16", elevation: 195 m, 15.V.2013, Y.F. Luo and J.C. Liu. Paratypes: 1♂10♀, same data as holotype.
The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective.
The male of the new species has uniquely shaped palps and can be easily recognized from all of the other Spiricoelotes species by the extremely modified conductor (with two outgrowths at the base, only one in S. anshiensis sp. n., and none in other species), the looped apex (Fig.
Male (holotype): Total length 7.00. Carapace 3.40 long, 2.36 wide. Abdomen 3.60 long, 2.16 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.16, PME 0.15, PLE 0.08; AME-AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.04, PME-PME 0.09, PME-PLE 0.06. Leg measurements: I 14.05 (3.60, 4.60, 3.55, 2.30); II 13.06 (3.50, 4.00, 3.35, 2.21); III 12.30 (3.44, 3.56, 3.33, 1.97); IV 16.05 (4.20, 5.00, 4.85, 2.00). Chelicerae with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth. Palp: patellar apophysis long, subequal to patellar width, with pointed tip, strongly curved; RTA with blunt tip, extending beyond the tibia; LTA long, approximately 1/3 length of RTA; cymbial furrow short, approximately 1/5 length of cymbium; conductor broad, with looped apex, with two outgrowths at the base; embolus originates at 6 o’clock position (Fig.
Female (one of paratypes): Total length 7.16. Carapace 3.84 long, 2.48 wide. Abdomen 3.32 long, 2.08 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.15, PME 0.14, PLE 0.16; AME-AME 0.01, AME-ALE 0.04, PME-PME 0.09, PME-PLE 0.13. Leg measurements: I 13.80 (3.85, 4.10, 3.75, 2.10); II 13.08 (3.60, 4.08, 3.20, 2.20; III 12.68 (3.27, 3.96, 3.40, 2.05); IV 16.45 (4.15, 5.05, 4.80, 2.45); IV 16.66 (4.68, 5.00, 4.61, 2.37). Chelicerae as in male. Epigyne: atria small, located anteriorly, close to each other; hoods located anterolaterally; spermathecae long, convoluted; copulatory ducts slender, looped, located at center of vulva (Fig.
Known only from the type locality (Fig.
Holotype ♂: China: Jiangxi: Ganzhou City: Ningdu County: Huangguan Village, Taiping Cave, N25°28'53", E115°54'35", elevation: 420 m, 29.IV.2013, Y.F. Luo and J.C. Liu. Paratypes: 10♀, same data as holotype.
The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective.
The male of the new species can be easily recognized by the short, broad conductor without a looped apex, the short cymbial furrow (approximately 1/5 length of cymbium, approximately 1/2, 1/3 or 1/4 length of cymbium in other species) and the strong patellar apophysis (twice as broad as in other species) (Fig.
Male (holotype): Total length 5.80. Carapace 2.60 long, 1.68 wide. Abdomen 3.20 long, 2.00 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.15, PME 0.16, PLE 0.15; AME-AME 0.02, AME-ALE 0.02, PME-PME 0.06, PME-PLE 0.04. Leg measurements: I 14.81 (3.76, 4.81, 3.84, 2.40); II 12.10 (2.82, 3.80, 3.52, 1.96); IV 16.81 (4.25, 5.00, 5.06, 2.50). Chelicerae with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth. Palp: patellar apophysis subequal to patellar width, strongly curved; RTA with blunt tip, extending slightly beyond distal margin of tibia; LTA long, about 1/2 length of RTA; cymbial furrow short, approximately 1/5 length of cymbium; conductor short, anteriorly extending; embolus beginning at 7 o’clock position; base of embolus wider than tibia, triangular, horizontally directed (Fig.
Female (one of the paratypes): Total length 7.16. Carapace 3.36 long, 2.56 wide. Abdomen 3.80 long, 2.80 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.14, ALE 0.19, PME 0.16, PLE 0.19; AME-AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.06, PME-PME 0.10, PME-PLE 0.09. Leg measurements: I 15.12 (4.17, 4.87, 3.20, 2.34); II 13.37 (3.72, 4.25, 3.25, 2.15); III 12.76 (3.44, 3.92, 3.4, 2.00); IV 16.66 (4.68, 5.00, 4.61, 2.37). Chelicerae as in male. Epigyne: atria large, occupying 1/2 of epigynal plate, located anteromedially; hoods distinct, located anterolaterally; spermathecae spiraled; copulatory ducts long and almost horizontally stretched (Fig.
Known only from the type locality (Fig.
Holotype ♂: China: Jiangxi: Ganzhou City: Chongyi County: Niedu Village, Xianhe Cave, N25°28'40", E114°06'56", elevation: 402 m, 23.IV.2013, Y.F. Luo and J.C. Liu. Paratypes: 1♂1♀, same data as holotype.
The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective.
The male of the new species is similar to S. anshiensis sp. n. and S. nansheensis sp. n. but can be distinguished from them by the less modified conductor (conductor without outgrowth at base in this species, with one outgrowth in S. anshiensis sp. n. and 2 outgrowths in S. nansheensis sp. n.) and having more loops in conductor (2 loops in this species, 1 loop in S. anshiensis sp. n. and S. nansheensis sp. n.) (Fig.
Male (holotype): Total length 6.90. Carapace 3.20 long, 2.25 wide. Abdomen 3.70 long, 2.13 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.14, PME 0.15, PLE 0.17; AME-AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.02, PME-PME 0.08, PME-PLE 0.06. Leg measurements: I 14.76 (3.96, 4.95, 3.55, 2.30); II 14.23 (3.88, 4.80, 3.40, 2.15); III 13.08 (3.60, 3.80, 3.40, 2.28); IV 17.32 (4.50, 5.13, 5.13, 2.56). Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 4 retromarginal teeth. Palp: patellar apophysis shorter than patellar width, strongly curved; RTA with blunt tip, extending beyond tibia; LTA short, about 1/4 length of RTA; cymbial furrow long, approximately 1/3 length of cymbium; conductor long, anteriorly extending, with looped apex; embolus beginning at 6 o’clock position; base of embolus rather small, ovoid, almost vertically directed (Fig.
Female (one of paratypes): Total length 7.87. Carapace 3.32 long, 2.28 wide. Abdomen 4.55 long, 3.00 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.14, PME 0.13, PLE 0.12; AME-AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.04, PME-PME 0.09, PME-PLE 0.11. Leg measurements: I 14.12 (3.60, 4.60, 3.68, 2.24); II 12.32 (3.40, 3.92, 3.00, 2.00); III 12.38 (3.32, 3.76, 3.20, 2.10); IV 15.32 (4.17, 4.68, 4.17, 2.30). Chelicerae as in male. Epigyne: atrium small, situated medially, U-shaped; hoods distinct, located anterolaterally; spermathecae long, convoluted; spermathecal heads small; copulatory ducts broad, looped around spermathecal heads (Fig.
Known only from the type locality (Fig.
Holotype ♀: China: Jiangxi: Pingxiang City: Shangli County: Futian Town, Zhanshan Village, Xiongxin Cave, N27°44'08", E113°49'10", elevation: 115 m, 9.V.2013, Y.F. Luo and J.C. Liu.
The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective.
The female of the new species has a uniquely shaped epigyne and can be easily distinguished from all of the other Spiricoelotes species by the small and anteriorly situated epigynal atria, the broad epigynal hoods, the long and convoluted spermathecae and by the short copulatory ducts (Fig.
Female (holotype): Total length 8.08. Carapace 3.85 long, 2.69 wide. Abdomen 4.23 long, 2.69 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.19, ALE 0.20, PME 0.19, PLE 0.18; AME-AME 0.11, AME-ALE 0.04, PME-PME 0.13, PME-PLE 0.14. Leg measurements: I 13.76 (3.72, 4.56, 3.36, 2.12); II 12.08 (3.44, 4.08, 3.00, 1.56); III 11.68 (3.20, 3.88, 3.04, 1.56); IV 15.66 (4.20, 4.75, 4.5, 2.21). Chelicerae with five promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. Epigyne: atria small, located anterolaterally, distantly separated by septum; hoods distinct, located at anterior atrial margin; spermathecae long, convoluted; copulatory ducts broad and short, located anteriorly and horizontally directed (Fig.
Currently nine species are known in the genus. Seven are known from both sexes and two from females only. The conductors of the five newly described species differ to a certain extent from the two previously known species. The tip of the conductor in S. urumensis and S. zonatus is spiralled, whereas in the newly described species, it has a looped apex or is unmodified, but never spiralled. All new species are assigned to this genus because they share a combination of characters with S. zonatus, the type species of Spiricoelotes that are lacking in other Coelotinae: strongly curved patellar apophysis, conductor anteriorly extending, median apophysis and dorsal apophysis of conductor absent (figs 1A–C, 3A–C, 5A–C, 7A–C, 9A–C;
The manuscript benefitted greatly from comments by Yuri M. Marusik (Magadan, Russia) and Mikhail Omelko (Primorski krai, Russia). English of the final draft was kindly checked by Sarah Crews (California, USA). This study was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China to Shuqiang Li (NSFC-31272280, 31471960, 31530067).