Four new species of the genus Luzonomyza Malloch (Diptera, Lauxaniidae) from China

Wenliang Li; Xulong Chen; Keli Feng; Shengjuan Zhao; Ding Yang

doi:10.3897/zookeys.1074.68392

Abstract

Four species of the genus Luzonomyza Malloch, 1929 from southwest China are described as new to science: Luzonomyza vittifacies Li & Yang, sp. nov., L. serrata Li & Yang, sp. nov., L. honghensis Li & Yang, sp. nov., and L. brevis Li & Yang, sp. nov. A key to Luzonomyza species is also presented.

Keywords

Lauxaniinae, Lauxanioidea, new species, Oriental region, Schizophora

Introduction

The genus Luzonomyza Malloch, 1929 was erected as a subgenus of Trigonometopus Macquart 1835 on the basis of a single species from the Philippines, Trigonometopus bakeri Bezzi, 1913. From the 20^th to the 21^st century, considerable contributions were made to the genus by several taxonomists. In his key, Stuckenberg (1971) first recognized Luzonomyza (= Luzonomyia) as a valid subgenus. Shatalkin (1997) described a new species Trigonometopus (Tetroxyrhina) nigripalpis from Thailand (at that time, TetroxyrhinaHendel, 1938 was also considered a subgenus of Trigonometopus), and later, he described another new species, L. sinica Shatalkin, 1998, from China and Thailand. A new species (L. japonica) was described from Japan in Trigonometopus, and the male genitalia was figured (Sasakawa 2002). Papp (2007) described three new species, L. pseudoforficula, L. sasakawai, and L. vietnamensis, providing several figures (the epandrium of L. bakeri, the wing and male genitalia of L. sinica and L. pseudoforficula, and the head of L. sasakawai and L. vietnamensis) and presented a key to the Old World genera of Trigonometopini, including Luzonomyza and a key to the species of the genus Luzonomyza. Shi and Yang (2015) also described two new species and presented a key to species of the genus. To date, 13 species of Luzonomyza are known in the world, and all are distributed in the Oriental Region. Seven species occur in China, including four new species from southwest China described in this paper.

Luzonomyza can be recognized by the combination of the following features: head triangular, frons projecting beyond eye, usually with brown longitudinal band and with short setulae on anterior half; ocellar setae short. Fronto-facial angle acute. Face long, inclinate, some species with distinct genual spine, parafacial with a row of short setulae on lower half along inner margin. Gena with a row of long setae extending from middle to lower half of parafacial, but not in line with setulae on inner margin. Mesonotum with wide brown band; three post-sutural dorsocentral setae; katepisternum with a seta. Wing hyaline, anteriorly usually pale brown to dark brown, crossveins r-m and dm-cu with brown spots. Abdomen yellow except posterior margin of tergites usually brown or black. (Malloch 1929; Stuckenberg 1971; Papp 2007; Shi and Yang 2015).

Materials and methods

Material

All specimens were collected in Yunnan Province, China. The specimens of L. brevis, L. honghensis, and L. serrata were captured alive and fixed in 75% ethanol. The specimen of L. vittifacies was killed with ethyl acetate and dried for morphological examination. All specimens are deposited at the China Agricultural University, Beijing, China (CAUC).

Morphological descriptions

General terminology follows Cumming and Wood (2009) and Gaimari and Silva (2010). Genitalia preparations were made by removing and macerating the apical portion of the abdomen in cold saturated NaOH for 6 h, after which they were rinsed and neutralized for dissection and study. After examination in glycerin, they were transferred to fresh glycerin and stored in a microvial pinned below the specimen or moved to ethanol in a tube together with the wet specimens.

Taxonomy

Key to the known species of the genus Luzonomyza Malloch

(modified from Papp 2007 and Shi and Yang 2015)

1	All tarsi entirely yellow	L. vietnamensis Papp
–	At least a pair of tarsi apices brown to black	2
2	Male surstylus with broad, slightly bifid apex, which is concave in lateral view	L. bakeri (Bezzi)
–	Male surstylus not bifid apex in lateral view	3
3	Wing unicolorous	4
–	Wing patterned	5
4	Wing hyaline, very faintly yellow-tinged along anterior margin; haltere yellow with faintly brown-tinged knob; male epandrium without dorsoapical processes; postgonites simple and long	L. japonica (Sasakawa)
–	Wing unicolorous brown; knob of haltere rather dark; male epandrium with extremely long dorsoapical processes, postgonites short with characteristic apex	L. pseudoforficula Papp
5	Palpus black	L. nigripalpis (Shatalkin)
–	Palpus yellow	6
6	Male genitalia with epandrium lacking dorsoapical processes	L. sasakawai Papp
–	Male genitalia with epandrium having strong dorsoapical processes	7
7	Mesonotum with 3 brown stripes	L. sinica Shatalkin
–	Mesonotum with 4 brown stripes	8
8	Frons with 3 brown longitudinal stripes, median longitudinal stripe wide extending from anterior margin to ocellar triangle, lateral longitudinal stripes narrow	L. brevis sp. nov.
–	Frons with a brown or blackish brown longitudinal stripe, extending from anterior margin to ocellar triangle	9
9	Acrostichal setulae in 2 rows	10
–	Acrostichal setulae in 4 rows	11
10	Hind femur without long anteroventral seta; epandrium with a pair of long black coniform dorsal processes, surstylus tapering distally and incurved	L. gaimarii Shi & Yang
–	Hind femur with a long anteroventral seta; epandrium with a pair of short black coniform dorsal processes, surstylus bluntly rounded, not incurved distally	L. hirsute Shi & Yang
11	Face without brown stripes	L. honghensis sp. nov.
–	Face with 2 brown stripes	12
12	Legs yellow, fore tarsomeres 4 and 5 brown; abdomen yellow, tergites 2–6 black on posterior margin, but tergite 6 yellow posteriomedially; hypandrium broad, membranous; pregonite confluent with hypandrium; phallus with a pair of lateral acute processes near base in ventral view, concavity V-shaped, with a dorsal acute process subapically in lateral view, apex acute and curved dorsally	L. vittifacies sp. nov.
–	Legs pale yellow, fore femur and basal half of tibia brown, tarsomeres 4 and 5 pale brown, mid and hind femora and tibiae yellow but pale yellow at apex; abdomen yellow, tergites 2–6 blackish brown on posterior margin; hypandrium V-shaped, with 2 pairs of lateral acute processes; pregonite indistinct, hypandrium, pregonite and phallus confluent together; both sides of phallus serrated, with a dorsal process at apex in lateral view	L. serrata sp. nov.

Species descriptions

Luzonomyza brevis Li & Yang, sp. nov.

http://zoobank.org/55D839C9-A2BD-4545-976B-C7C0B3F989F2

Figures 1–4, 5–8

Type material

Holotype. ♂ (CAUC), China, Yunnan Province, Longling County, Xiaoheishan Reserve; 24°33'51"N, 98°49'20"E; 1840 m; 26 Apr 2012; Wenliang Li leg.

Figures 1–4.

Luzonomyza brevis sp. nov. Male 1 wing 2 habitus, lateral view 3 thorax, dorsal view 4 abdomen, dorsal view.

Etymology

Latin, brevis, referring to the epandrium with short dorsoapical processes. It is an adjective in apposition.

Figures 5–8.

Luzonomyza brevis sp. nov. Male 5 syntergosternite and epandrium, lateral view 6 epandrial complex, posterior view 7 phallic complex, ventral view 8 phallic complex, lateral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

Diagnosis

Frons with 3 brown longitudinal stripes, median longitudinal stripe wide, extending from anterior margin to ocellar triangle, lateral longitudinal stripes narrow; face with a diamond-shaped brown marking in the middle, four angles of marking extending to facial margins. Mesonotum with 4 brown stripes. Epandrium with paired dorsoapical processes; phallapodeme claviform, shorter than phallus.

Description

Male. Body length 4.8 mm, wing length 4.3 mm.

Head yellow. Face with an angular hump on middle of basal half, lateral margin brown on apical half, with a diamond-shaped brown marking in the middle, 4 angles of marking extending to facial margins; parafacial with sparse short hairs, with a black spot between eye and antennal bases, and with 5 long setae extending to gena. Frons ~1.2× longer than wide and parallel-sided, with 3 brown longitudinal stripes, a broader brown median longitudinal stripe extending from anterior margin to ocellar triangle, 2 lateral longitudinal stripes narrower and pale brown, anterior half with short setulae; ocellar triangle grayish black, ocellar setae very small, hair-like, anterior fronto-orbital seta reclinate, shorter than the posterior one. Gena with broad brown stripe, ~1/3 height of eye. Antenna yellow, rounded apically, ~1.2× longer than high; arista brown except for yellow base, pubescent. Proboscis yellow with white and black setulae, and with a pair of irregular blackish-brown lateral spots apically; palpus yellow with black setulae.

Thorax (Fig. 3) brownish yellow, with grayish-white pruinescence. Mesonotum with 4 brown stripes extending to tip of scutellum, occupying most of scutellum. 0+3 dorsocentral setae, anteriormost dorsocentral seta away from scutal suture; acrostichal setulae in 4 rows; a pair of prescutellar setae, shorter than anteriormost dorsocentral seta. Dorsal and posterior margin of anepisternum and dorsal margin of katepisternum pale yellow. One anepisternal seta, 1 katepisternal seta. Legs mostly yellow; fore tarsomeres 2–5 pale brown, mid-legs differently colored: only right mid femur blackish brown but brownish yellow at base. Fore femur with 7 posterodorsal setae and 6 posteroventral setae, fore tibia with a long dorsal preapical seta and a short apicoventral seta. Mid tibia with a strong dorsal preapical seta and an apicoventral seta. Hind femur with a weak preapical anterodorsal seta; hind tibia with a long dorsal preapical seta and a short apicoventral seta. Wing pale brown along costal margin, extending to M₁, a brown spot on each of the crossveins r-m and dm-cu; subcostal cell brown; costa with 2^nd (between R₁ and R₂₊₃), 3^rd (between R₂₊₃ and R₄₊₅) and 4^th (between R₄₊₅ and M₁) sections in ratios of 9.7: 1.5: 1.4; r-m on middle of discal cell; ultimate and penultimate sections of M₁ in ratios of 6.6: 3.5; ultimate section of CuA₁ ~1/5 of penultimate. Haltere pale yellow.

Abdomen (Fig. 4) yellow, tergites 2–6 blackish brown on posterior margin. Male genitalia (Figs 5–8): syntergosternite confluent with epandrium, near triangular. Epandrium with a pair of long conical dorsoapical processes in lateral view, a pair of lateral processes broad apically and narrow basally on anterior margin. Surstylus situated in ventral angle and small; hypandrium V-shaped, with 2 pairs of inner apical processes. Gonopod absent, hypandrium confluent with phallus. Phallus with a pair of lateral preapical acute processes in ventral view; dorsal process broader in lateral view, vertical to phallus, anterior apical angle acute. Phallus deeply concave apically, phallapodeme claviform, shorter than phallus.

Female. Unknown.

Remarks

This new species is very similar to Luzonomyza sasakawai from Thailand and Vietnam by the body markings and wing type, but it can be separated from the latter by the 3 narrow brown stripes on the frons; by the brown fore tarsomeres 2–5; by the epandrium with dorsoapical processes. In Luzonomyza sasakawai, the frons has a narrow brown stripe; the fore tarsomeres 3–5 are black; the epandrium is without dorsoapical process.

Distribution

China (Yunnan).