Research Article |
Corresponding author: Zehui Kang ( kangzehui1987@163.com ) Academic editor: Gunnar Kvifte
© 2021 Jiaqi Shao, Zehui Kang.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Shao J, Kang Z (2021) New species of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from Zhejiang, China with an updated key to Chinese species. ZooKeys 1070: 87-99. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1070.67779
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We revise the taxonomy of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 from Zhejiang, East China. One new species from Zhejiang, P. tianmushana sp. nov., is described and illustrated. Morphologically, the new species is most similar to P. emeica Kang, Xue & Zhang, 2019 and P. formosensis Alexander, 1924, but it can be distinguished by the coloration of the abdomen and the details of the male genitalia. In addition, P. bellula Alexander, 1937 is recorded from Zhejiang for the first time. Two known species from Zhejiang, P. longwangshana Yang & Chen, 1998 and P. gutianshana Yang & Chen, 1995, are redescribed and illustrated. A key to Chinese species of Ptychoptera is provided.
Classification, distribution, phantom crane flies, Ptychopterinae, taxonomic revision
The genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 is the most species-rich groups worldwide in the family Ptychopteridae, with a total number of nearly 80 known species (
Sixteen Ptychoptera species were known to occur in China, of which 10 species were published by
Two species of Ptychoptera were previously recorded from Zhejiang: P. longwangshana Yang & Chen, 1998 and P. gutianshana Yang & Chen, 1995. In this paper, two Ptychoptera species are added to the fauna of Zhejiang, of which P. tianmushana sp. nov. is described and illustrated as new to science, and P. bellula Alexander, 1937, known previously only from Jiangxi, China, is newly recorded from Zhejiang. In addition, the two known species from Zhejiang are redescribed and illustrated based on the type specimens. A key to Chinese species of Ptychoptera based on the type and non-type specimens and literature is provided, and we provide an updated distribution map of Ptychoptera species from China (Fig.
Type specimen of the new species in this study was collected from Mount Tianmushan, Zhejiang, China, in June 2019 and deposited in the Entomological Museum of Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, China (QAU). Type and determined specimens of P. bellula were deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (
The present key is an emendation of the identification key of
1 | Wing with r-m beyond fork of Rs, Rs not longer than r-m (Fig. |
2 |
– | Wing with r-m before or at fork of Rs, Rs at least 1.5 times length of r-m (Figs |
8 |
2 | Mesopleuron mostly brown, epandrium yellow with caudal 1/2 brown | P. circinans Kang, Xue & Zhang, 2019 (Fujian) |
– | Mesopleuron uniformly yellow, epandrium uniformly yellow (Fig. |
3 |
3 | Gonostylus long and slender, about 1.5 times length of gonocoxite | P. bannaensis Kang, Yao & Yang, 2013 (Yunnan) |
– | Gonostylus short, as long as gonocoxite (Figs |
4 |
4 | Wing with a distinct spot at fork of R4+5, two spots at forks of R1+2 and M1+2 weak and nearly invisible | P. lii Kang, Yao & Yang, 2013 (Guizhou) |
– | Wing with three distinct spots at forks of R1+2, R4+5 and M1+2 separated (Fig. |
5 |
5 | Basal 1/3 of second tergum of abdomen yellow with a median brown spot; lobe on middle area of gonostylus digitiform, slender | P. lushuiensis Kang, Yao & Yang, 2013 (Yunnan) |
– | Basal 1/3 of second tergum of abdomen uniformly brown (Fig. |
6 |
6 | Abdomen with 5th and 6th terga dark brown (Fig. |
7 |
– | Abdomen with 5th and 6th terga mostly yellow, tip of gonostylus with a digitiform ventral lobe ( |
P. formosensis Alexander, 1924 (Taiwan; Japan) |
7 | Sixth and 7th sterna yellow, tip of surstylus curved up when viewed from the lateral side (Fig. |
P. tianmushana Shao & Kang, sp. nov. (Zhejiang) |
– | Sixth and 7th sterna mostly brown, tip of surstylus not curved up when viewed from the lateral side, retrose basal projection on inner side not bilobate at tip, paramere with a pair of slender L-shaped projections, subapical sclerite of aedeagus serrated with two teeth | P. emeica Kang, Xue & Zhang, 2019 (Sichuan) |
8 | Mesopleuron yellow (Fig. |
9 |
– | Mesopleuron black (Fig. |
12 |
9 | Wing with bands and marks (Figs |
10 |
– | Wing without band or mark | 11 |
10 | Base of Rs with an elliptic mark, abdomen with sterna yellow | P. qinggouensis Kang, Yao & Yang, 2013 (Neimenggu) |
– | Base of Rs without mark, abdomen with sterna black | P. clitellaria Alexander, 1935 (Sichuan) |
11 | Wing with r-m its own length before fork of Rs, epandrium without long surstylus | P. separata Kang, Xue & Zhang, 2019 (Xizang) |
– | Wing with r-m close to fork of Rs, epandrium with a pair of long surstylus | P. wangae Kang, Yao & Yang, 2013 (Yunnan) |
12 | Epandrium with surstylus curved downward (Figs |
13 |
– | Epandrium with surstylus not curved downward | 14 |
13 | Wing with an elliptic mark at middle of CuA1 (Fig. |
P. gutianshana Yang & Chen, 1995 (Zhejiang) |
– | Wing without mark at middle of CuA1 (Fig. |
P. longwangshana Yang & Chen, 1998 (Zhejiang) |
14 | Gonostylus much longer than gonocoxite | P. xinglongshana Yang, 1996 (Gansu) |
– | Gonostylus not longer than gonocoxite (Figs |
15 |
15 | Wing with an elliptic mark at middle of CuA1 (Fig. |
P. bellula Alexander, 1937 (Jiangxi, Zhejiang) |
– | Wing without mark at middle of CuA1 (Figs |
16 |
16 | Abdomen with 2nd and 3rd terga brownish black; surstylus digitiform and broad basally, curved inwards at middle | P. lucida Kang, Xue & Zhang, 2019 (Xinjiang) |
– | Abdomen with 2nd and 3rd terga mostly yellow; surstylus flat and acinaciform, middle of inner edge slightly swollen ( |
P. yankovskiana Alexander, 1945 (Neimenggu; Korea) |
Holotype male (QAU), China, Zhejiang Province, Lin’an District, Mount Tianmushan, 2019.V.15, Xiao Zhang.
Wing marked with two brown bands. Epandrium bilobed, each lobe strongly elongated and forming a long surstylus, surstylus broadest at base, tapering and curved downward distally to middle, curving up at tip. Gonostylus with four projections and lobes. Hypandrium rectangular, posterior margin with a V-shaped projection bearing dense long hairs posteriorly, a triangular projection bearing dense short hairs laterally and a pair of elliptic projections bearing dense long hairs posteriorly.
Male. Body length 7.0 mm, wing length 8.0 mm.
Head mostly dark brown, except gena yellow with a black elliptical spot intermediately; clypeus yellow; hairs on head dark brown. Compound eyes black without pubescence. Antenna with scape, pedicel and basal half of 1st flagellomere yellow, other flagellomeres light brown, hairs on antenna brown. Proboscis yellow with brown hairs. Palpus yellow with last segment light brown, hairs brown.
Thorax (Fig.
Abdomen. First tergum brown, 2nd tergum brown with middle quarter area yellow, 3rd and 4th terga pale yellow with caudal third brown, 5th to 7th terga uniformly brown. Sterna pale yellow. Hairs on abdomen brown.
Male genitalia yellow. Epandrium (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
China (Zhejiang).
The species is named after the type locality Mount Tianmushan.
This new species is very similar to P. emeica from China but can be separated from it by the 6th and 7th sterna of abdomen being yellow, the tip of the surstylus being curved up when viewed from the lateral side, the tip of the retrose basal projection on inner side being bilobate, the paramere having a pair of hook-shaped projections and a pair of conical projections, and the subapical sclerite of aedeagus being serrated with five teeth. In P. emeica, the 6th and 7th sterna of abdomen are mostly brown, the tip of the surstylus is not curved up when viewed from the lateral side, the tip of the retrose basal projection on inner side is not bilobate, the paramere have a pair of slender L-shaped projections, and the subapical sclerite of aedeagus is serrated with two teeth (
Ptychoptera bellula Alexander, 1937: 367. Type locality: Hong San, Jiangxi (China).
Paratypes: 2 females (
General coloration black. Haltere black with base of stem yellow. Wing with heavily brown bands and marks as follows: a large triangular brown mark in base of cells R and M; a irregular quadrate brown mark at origin of Rs; an elliptic brown mark at midlength of CuA1; a small oval brown mark at tip of A; median band extending from R to the bend in distal section of CuA2; subapical band extending from anterior margin of wing, covering tip of R1 and R2, to tip of M2; Rs about three-fifths the length of R4+5, 4 times the length of r-m.
China (Jiangxi, Zhejiang).
The determined specimen of this species collected from Zhejiang was identified by Alexander in 1939, but was not officially published to record. We re-determined it during the study and now record this species from Zhejiang for the first time. For descriptions and illustrations of this species, see
Ptychoptera bellula Alexander, 1937 a habitus of one paratype, lateral view b habitus of the other paratype, lateral view c–f one female identified by Alexander (c habitus of female, lateral view d one leg e wing f collection and identification labels). Scale bars: 2.0 mm (a–d); 1.0 mm (e).
Ptychoptera longwangshana Yang & Chen, 1998: 240. Type locality: Mount Longwangshan, Anji, Zhejiang (China).
Holotype
male (
Thorax mostly black. Wing marked with two brown marks and two brown bands. Surstylus of epandrium tapering and curved downward distally, curving up at tip. Gonocoxite wide and gonostylus short and small. Apical part of hypandrium with a pair of curved up and trough-shaped projections.
Wing length 8.0 mm. Wing (Fig.
Ptychoptera longwangshana Yang & Chen, 1998 and Ptychoptera gutianshana Yang & Chen, 1995 a wing of P. longwangshana b–f P. gutianshana (b wing c male genitalia, lateral view d epandrium, dorsal view e gonocoxite and gonostylus, dorsal view f hypandrium, ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (a, b); 0.2 mm (c–f).
China (Zhejiang).
Only one wing of the holotype was available during the study, while the rest of the holotype was not found in
Ptychoptera gutianshana Yang & Chen, 1995: 180. Type locality: Mount Gutianshan, Kaihua, Zhejiang (China).
Holotype
male (
Wing marked with three brown marks and two brown bands. Surstylus of epandrium broadest at base, tapering and curved downward distally, forked at tip. Paramere with a pair of flaky projections and a vase-shaped projection. Gonostylus irregular rectangular with an elliptic basal projection on inner side with short hairs. Hypandrium trapeziform, anterior margin with a pair of C-shaped projections, middle area with a pair of digitiform projections, posterior margin with a pair of digitiform projections and a papillary projection.
Wing length 7.5 mm. Wing (Fig.
Male genitalia black. Epandrium (Fig.
China (Zhejiang).
Only two wings and male genitalia of the holotype were available during the study, while the paratype and the rest of the holotype were not found in
We express our sincere thanks to Ding Yang (Beijing) for his great help during the study. We are also very grateful to Yan Li (Shenyang) for great help during the study of the specimens in