Carminator is diagnosed by the following morphological characters: shallow subantennal groove, mandible stout and with five teeth, head prognathous, wing venation reduced and pterostigma absent, fore tibia with a comb of stout spines, ovipositor strongly arched (Shaw 1990b).

Little is known about the biology of Carminator, but these wasps have been suspected to be parasitoids of wood-boring larvae of Coleoptera (Mita and Konishi 2011).

Oriental, Australasian, and eastern Palaearctic regions.

Head longer than wide (Fig. 1D); frons entirely costate, median strip of frons shallow and smooth (Fig. 1C); postgena entirely obliquely striate (Fig. 1E); occipital ridge strongly arched (Fig. 1F); mandible with five blunt, subtriangular teeth (Fig. 1C); propleuron elongate, forming “neck” (Fig. 1E); prosternum without median groove (Fig. 1E); fore tibia with two rows of stout spines (nine + seven) arranged in a V shape (Fig. 2E); branching point between R1 and 2r of forewing not thickened (Fig. 2D).

Figure 1. 

Carminator daliensis Chen & Liuhe, sp. nov., female, holotype (SCAU 3049430) A habitus, dorsal B habitus, lateral C head, frontal D head, dorsal E head and prothorax, ventral F head and pronotum, lateral.

Female (holotype). Body length 4.4 mm. Color. Body black; mandible reddish black; pedicel and first four flagellomeres dark brown, remainders of antenna black; legs black with tibiae dark brown to black and tarsus brown; wings tinged with brown and forewing veins dark brown; ovipositor sheath brown; ovipositor reddish brown.

Figure 2. 

Carminator daliensis Chen & Liuhe, sp. nov., female, holotype (SCAU 3049430) A mesosoma, dorsal B mesosoma, lateral C metasoma, dorsal D wings E fore tibia, inner face F ovipositor and ovipositor sheath, lateral G antenna, dorsal.

Head (Fig. 1C–F) 1.1× longer than wide in dorsal view, widely smooth with scattered punctures, punctures denser on gena and vertex; frons costate along lower margin, with about 12 longitudinal costae, punctures present among costae; median strip shallow and smooth; outer margin of frons without granulated area; posterior margin of frons slightly convex, higher than level of clypeus; punctures on gena and vertex denser; malar space below antennal insertion obliquely striate, with scattered punctures; posterior carina of subantennal groove present; lower margin of gena (as genal ridge in Mita and Konishi 2011) simple, not forming a blunt angle; postgena entirely obliquely striate; vertex wide, without a coronet behind lateral ocelli; occipital ridge arched; clypeus smooth, posterior margin rounded; a groove parallel to inner orbit of eye; eye with scattered short setae; ocelli forming large obtuse triangle; POL = 6.5; OL = 4.9; OOL = 3.2; mandible with five blunt subtriangular teeth, basal part swollen, outer margin flat; antenna (Fig. 2G) with A1–A3 weakly flattened, A4–A14 strongly flattened, covered with numerous short to long setae; length/width ratio of antennal segments: 6.4:2.0, 1.3:1.3, 3.0:1.5, 1.8:1.9, 2.0:2.1, 2.2:2.5, 2.2:2.5, 2.2:2.5, 2.2:2.4, 2.1:2.4, 1.8:2.3, 2.1:2.5, 2.2:2.6, and 4.4:2.7.

Mesosoma (Figs 1E, F, 2A, B). Pronotum shagreened to rugulose; propleuron dorsally shagreened, ventrally coriaceous, elongate, forming “neck”; median groove of prosternum absent; setae on propleuron and prosternum dense; mesoscutum largely smooth with sparse, small punctures anteriorly and laterally, coriaceous to finely punctate rugulose posteriorly, median mesoscutal sulcus weakly developed and only present anteriorly; admedian lines absent, parapsides short and present anterolaterally; mesoscutum convex, 0.65× as long as wide; mesoscutellum 0.57× as long as wide, coriaceous with sparse puntures medially, finely and desenly punctate laterally; anterior margin of axillae broadly separated; mesopleuron rugulose dorsally, largely shagreened or coriaceous ventrally; epicnemial sulcus obscure; ventral margin of episternum forming blunt angle; episternal scrobe with a weak depression; pleural sulcus complete; metanotum narrow, strongly shagreened, without punctures; metapleuron swollen anteriorly, covered with long setae; propodeum with posterior propodeal carina distinct, area anterior to posterior propodeal carina largely shagreened with sparse small punctures medially, area posterior to posterior propodeal carina smooth.

Legs. Fore tibia flat, with two rows of stout spines arranged in a V shape (Fig. 2E); fore tarsomeres with ratios: 7.3:2.6:2.1:1.6:3.8; hind tarsomeres with ratio: 5.4:1.9:1.4:1.0:3.7.

Wings (Fig. 2D). Forewing with vein Sc + R branching into veins R and Rs; R1/2r = 0.4; branching point between veins R1 and 2r not thickened; Rs/(Rs + M) = 0.18.

Metasoma (Fig. 2C, F) subcylindrical, widest at metasomal segment 4; terga and sterna faintly shagreened to smooth; tergite 1 0.43 × as long as wide; ovipositor sheath 0.9× as long as ovipositor; setae on ovipositor sheath longer than diameter of ovipositor; apex of ovipositor sharp.

Variation. The body length of the paratype female is 4.2 mm, and other characters are similar to the holotype.

Male. Unknown.

The specific epithet refers to the locality (Dali) where the type specimens were collected. It should be treated as a noun in apposition.

Holotype, female, China: Yunnan, Dali, Yunlong County, 3063 m a.s.l., forest, 21°51'23"N, 99°14'10"E, 12–27.ix.2020, Malaise trap, SCAU 3049430 (SYSBM). Paratype: 1 female, same collecting data as holotype, SCAU 3049431 (SYSBM).

Oriental region, China, Yunnan Province.

Posterior ocular orbits with groove and carina present; posterior border of mesopleuron smooth, without a row of foveae; propodeum with unique pattern of longitudinal carinae; forewing fuscous or with fuscous banding pattern; forewing with vein Rs between Rs + M and r-rs tubular for at least a short distance, apical segment of Rs tubular, arched towards stigma, M+ Cu and distal segments of Cu absent or at most spectral; Hind tibia rugose and with erect setae. Additional diagnostic characters for the genus were provided by Shaw (1990b), Vilhelmsen et al. (2010), and Mita and Shaw (2012).

No biological data for Ettchellsia species are available; however, these wasps have long been suspected to be idiobiont ectoparasitoids that attack beetle larvae (Shaw 1990b).

Oriental region.

Frons irregularly rugose (Fig. 3C); clypeus largely punctate rugose (Fig. 3C); vertex posterior to lateral ocellus smooth anteriorly and reticulate-rugose posteriorly (Fig. 3D); gena smooth (Fig. 3E); metanotum puncate and setose medially (Fig. 4A); median propodeal region not narrowed (Fig. 4A); metasoma (Fig. 4C) smooth except tergite 6 largely coriaceous.

Figure 3. 

Ettchellsia hainanensis Chen & Liuhe, sp. nov., female, holotype (SCAU 3049429) A habitus, dorsal B habitus, lateral C head, frontal D head, dorsal E head, lateral F antenna.

Female (holotype). Body length 4.9 mm. Color. Head black, mesosoma largely black except mesoscutum and axill reddish brown and tegula brown, metasoma mainly black with posterior margin of terga dark brown; mandible dark brown with teeth darker; antenna brown to dark brown with apical flagellomeres paler; trochanters and tarsi of fore and mid legs pale yellow, remainders of the legs brown to dark brown; trochanter and tarsus of hind leg brown, femur dark brown to black, coxa and tibia black; dorsal surface of hind tibia with both white and black long setae; basitarsus with white long setae; forewing with four transverse dark brown bands; ovipositor sheath black; ovipositor reddish brown.

Head (Fig. 3C–E) 1.5× wider than long in dorsal view, covered with long black erect setae and relatively short decumbent white setae; frons irregularly rugose; vertex convex, with ocellar triangle smooth, except by a median row of longitudinal punctures, area between ocelli and eyes smooth with a row of longitudinal punctures arising from lateral ocellus and parallel to orbit; vertex posterior to lateral ocellus smooth anteriorly and reticulate-rugose posteriorly; POL = 4.7; OL = 3.4; OOL = 4.0; eye margined posteriorly by a groove and a single postocular oribital carina, the groove smooth anteriorly and foveate posteriorly; gena smooth; occipital carina foveate; clypeus largely punctate rugose, apical margin slightly incise medially; mandible with 3 teeth; antenna filiform, A3–A6^th flagellomeres subequal and the longest, remainder flagellomeres becoming shorter.

Mesosoma (Fig. 4A, B) covered with short decumbent white setae; scattered, long, erect, black setae present on mesonotum; mesoscutum humped, anterior surface smooth, dorsal surface largely smooth with fine punctures, median mesoscutal sulcus present and foveate, lateral carina of anterior surface present; axilla and mesoscutellum largely smooth with fine punctures; metanotum puncate and setose medially; propodeum with pairs of median, submedian, and lateral longitudinal carinae; median propodeal region not narrowed, with four complete and two incomplete transverse carinae, posterior margin producing dorsally; submedian region with two complete transverse carinae; lateral region with four complete transverse carinae.

Figure 4. 

Ettchellsia hainanensis Chen & Liuhe, sp. nov., female, holotype (SCAU 3049429) A mesosoma, dorsal B mesosoma, lateral C metasoma, dorsal D wings E hind leg, lateral F apical ovipositor, lateral.

Legs (Figs 3B, 4E). Hind femur punctate and rugose medially; hind tibia longitudinally rugose; hind tibia covered with both white and black long erect setae, longer than the width of the hind tibia; basitarsus covered with white long erect setae, longer than the width of the hind tibia.

Wings (Fig. 4D). Forewing with vein M 1.9× basal part of vein RS; erect setae on vein C 0.5× those on vein Sc+R and A.

Metasoma (Fig. 4C) smooth except tergite 6 largely coriaceous; ovipositor 1.76× mesosoma length, apex with small teeth and single knob.

Variation. The body length of the paratype female 5.0 mm; antenna dark brown to black; mesoscutellum reddish brown; median propodeal region with seven complete transverse carinae; other characters similar to the holotype.

Male. Unknown.

The specific epithet refers to Hainan Island, where the type locality is located. It is treated as a noun in apposition.

Holotype, female, China: Hainan, Qiongzhong, Mount Limushan, 19°10.771'N, 109°46.225'E, 20–22.vii.2020, forest, sweep, Huayan Chen, SCAU 3049429 (deposited in SYSBM). Paratype: 1 female, China: Hainan, Qiongzhong, Mount Limushan, 19°10'23.28"N, 109°46'40.79"E, 30.xi–31.xii.2020, forest, Malaise trap, Longlong Chen, SCAU 3042295 (SYSBM).

Oriental region, China, Hainan Province.

Ettchellsia hainanensis is most similar to E. sinica He, which was previously described based on a single female from Yunnan of China, but E. hainanensis can be distinguished from E. sinica by the following characters: frons irregularly rugose (Fig. 3C); clypeus largely punctate rugose (Fig. 3C); POL distinctly longer than OL (Fig. 3D); metasomal tergite 5 smooth (Fig. 4C). We contacted the curators of the Hymenoptera collection of Zhejiang University (previously known as Zhejiang Agricultural University) where the holotype of E. sinica claimed to be deposited, but they failed to find the type. If the holotype were confirmed to be lost, a neotype of the species may need to be designated based on a specimen collected from the type locality in the future.