Monograph |
Corresponding author: Owen Lonsdale ( neoxabea@hotmail.com ) Academic editor: Rudolf Meier
© 2021 Owen Lonsdale.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.
Citation:
Lonsdale O (2021) Manual of North American Agromyzidae (Diptera, Schizophora), with revision of the fauna of the “Delmarva” states. ZooKeys 1051: 1-481. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1051.64603
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Тhe agromyzid (Diptera: Schizophora: Agromyzidae) fauna of America north of Mexico is described in the first part of this publication, including a genus key and discussions on morphology, life history and classification. The second part is a species-level revision of the family in the “Delmarva” states of the United States of America, that is, of the District of Columbia and the surrounding states of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia. The fauna of this region includes 156 species.
This study presents 346 new state and provincial records and 23 new country records, two of which are new continental records (Agromyza abiens Zetterstedt and A. apfelbecki Strobl). Liriomyza endiviae Hering is no longer considered to occur in North America. Fifteen species are newly described: Agromyza echinalis sp. nov., Melanagromyza brunkei sp. nov., M. eoflacensis sp. nov., M. glyptos sp. nov., M. rutella sp. nov., Ophiomyia capitolia sp. nov., O. cuprea sp. nov., O. galiodes sp. nov., O. heleios sp. nov., O. kalia sp. nov., O. laticolis sp. nov., Cerodontha (Poemyza) ungula sp. nov., Phytomyza avicursa sp. nov., P. catenula sp. nov., and P. winkleri sp. nov. Four new species-level synonyms and one genus-level synonym are provided: Agromyza marmorensis Spencer syn. nov. is included as a synonym of A. aristata Malloch; Melanagromyza fastosa Spencer, syn. nov. is included as a junior synonym of Ophiomyia tiliae (Couden); Melanagromyza verbesinae Spencer is considered a synonym of M. vernoniana Steyskal; Phytomyza ranunculoides Spencer, syn. nov. is included as a junior synonym of Phytomyza loewii Hendel; the genus Liomycina Enderlein, syn. nov. is included as a junior synonym of Phytobia Lioy. Ophiomyia ultima (Spencer), comb. nov. is recombined from Melanagromyza. Euhexomyza albicula Spencer, stat. reinst., comb. nov. is resurrected from synonymy with E. winnemanae (Malloch). New host records are given.
Agromyzidae, manual, Nearctic, new species, recombination, revision, synonymy
As an agriculturally and ecologically important group, it is critical to understand the systematics, biology, distribution, and impact of species in the family Agromyzidae, a ubiquitous and diverse acalyptrate family of true flies (Diptera: Schizophora). While comprehensive sources on the North American fauna, such as
At higher taxonomic levels, the present work examines those subfamilies and genera occurring in Canada and the continental United States (that is, the Nearctic Region north of Mexico), providing diagnoses and brief discussions on their relationships, classification, life history and diversity. To facilitate generic identification, an identification key is provided, accompanied by illustrations of the highly informative and diagnostic male genitalia, and photographs of live and preserved specimens. Discussions include the results of recent revisionary and phylogenetic studies, including redefinitions of Liriomyza Mik (
The economic importance of the family was overviewed by Spencer (1973). An update on many of the most agriculturally significant species, including their hosts and methods of control, is currently being prepared (Lonsdale et al., in manuscript) and need not be discussed here.
At the species level, this mostly collection-based study revises the fauna of the “Delmarva” states (discussed below), and is intended as a regional snapshot of the family. It will contribute to a more accurate understanding of the group when used alongside other comprehensive regional works such Griffiths’ series on the boreal Phytomyza,
More broadly, the author hopes that this manual will generate more interest in this relatively difficult and neglected family in North America and facilitate easier identifications, thereby encouraging collectors to gather more field data, preserve more specimens, and explore parts of North America where agromyzids are largely unknown and undescribed. This is an exciting prospect considering that relatively little is known of the North American Agromyzidae outside of California and the northeast, and even in these regions, many new discoveries continue to accumulate. Furthermore, while the morphology of most species in the family can indeed often be accurately characterised as small, somewhat monotonous in appearance (at least externally) and sometimes difficult to work with, it is hoped that the photographs and illustrations given here portray the hidden charm of these animals, especially when considering the often striking and elaborate male genitalia.
The name “Delmarva”, as used here, is an older collective term referring to the District of Columbia and the surrounding states of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia (Figs
All species of Agromyzidae verified as being present in the Delmarva states are here keyed, described and illustrated. It is likely that the fauna of the region is much larger than represented however, if one extrapolates the known distribution of other northeastern species and their host plants, and considers the likelihood of there being many more species new to science yet to be discovered. Recent publications have illustrated that undescribed taxa are still in abundance in the northeast despite the long history of research there. Future discoveries will also certainly include taxa previously known from more distant localities that represent either recent introductions of invasive species, or previously unknown populations of more widely distributed species. These assumptions are supported by comparison to the more diverse and recently revised fauna of Hungary, initiated by
In total, this study presents 346 new state and provincial records and 23 new country records, including species previously known only from Europe, Canada, and the western or southern United States.
Fifteen species are newly described: Agromyza echinalis sp. nov., Melanagromyza brunkei sp. nov., M. eoflacensis sp. nov., M. glyptos sp. nov., M. rutella sp. nov., Ophiomyia capitolia sp. nov., O. cuprea sp. nov., O. galiodes sp. nov., O. heleios sp. nov., O. kalia sp. nov., O. laticolis sp. nov., Cerodontha (Poemyza) ungula sp. nov., Phytomyza avicursa sp. nov., P. catenula sp. nov., P. winkleri sp. nov.
Four new species-level synonyms and one genus-level synonym are provided: Agromyza marmorensis Spencer syn. nov. is included as a synonym of A. aristata Malloch; Melanagromyza fastosa Spencer syn. nov. is included as a junior synonym of Ophiomyia tiliae (Couden); Melanagromyza verbesinae Spencer is considered a synonym of M. vernoniana Steyskal; Phytomyza ranunculoides Spencer syn. nov. is included as a junior synonym of Phytomyza loewii Hendel; the genus Liomycina Enderlein syn. nov. is included as a junior synonym of Phytobia Lioy. Ophiomyia ultima (Spencer) comb. nov. is recombined from Melanagromyza. Euhexomyza albicula Spencer stat. reinst., comb. nov. is resurrected from synonymy with E. winnemanae (Malloch). New host records are provided.
The total number of known species in the Delmarva states is now 156, representing nearly 18% of the 879 species known from the Nearctic north of Mexico (Eiseman, pers. comm.). The Agromyzinae is better represented, with ~ 25% of known species, with Agromyza being especially well-represented at ~ 43% of known species. The Phytomyzinae fauna represents ~ 15% of known species, with Aulagromyza Enderlein (27.3%), Calycomyza (30.7%), Nemorimyza (100%) and Phytobia (41.0%) being best represented, and Liriomyza (8.9%) and Phytomyza (11.3%) being much more weakly represented.
Two genus-level groups occurring the Nearctic are not known from the Delmarva states as of yet. The first is the Cerodontha subgenus Phytagromyza Hendel, which mines in Poaceae. It is known from two western Nearctic species, C. (Ph.) frankensis Spencer (Fig.
Although the inspiration for this revision was
Total number of species for each genus of Agromyzidae in the Nearctic north of Mexico and the Delmarva states.
Subfamily | Genus | # Nearctic species north of Mexico | # species in Delmarva states |
---|---|---|---|
Agromyzinae | Agromyza | 58 | 25 |
Euhexomyza | 6 | 1 | |
Japanagromyza | 8 | 1 | |
Melanagromyza | 80 | 16 | |
Ophiomyia | 89 | 18 | |
Phytomyzinae | Amauromyza | 23 | 3 |
Aulagromyza | 11 | 3 | |
Calycomyza | 39 | 12 | |
Cerodontha | 73 | 17 | |
Haplopeodes | 5 | 1 | |
Liriomyza | 157 | 14 | |
Metopomyza | 6 | 1 | |
Nemorimyza | 2 | 2 | |
Phytobia | 16 | 5 | |
Phytoliriomyza | 27 | 6 | |
Phytomyza | 275 | 31 | |
Pseudonapomyza | 4 | 0 | |
TOTAL | 879 | 156 |
The larvae of all Agromyzidae feed inside the living tissue of plants, with species reared from more than 140 families across the monocots, dicots, horsetails, ferns, and liverworts (Hering 1957, 1966;
Feeding habits among taxa are diverse, with many species leaf-mining or boring inside stems, roots, twigs, and trunks, but others are known to mine in seeds, seed pods and flower heads, and species across a number of genera induce galls. Herbaceous annual plants are disproportionately affected by Agromyzidae compared to other similarly feeding phytophages such as the leaf-mining Lepidoptera, which dominate on perennials (
Since plant hosts are still unknown for many species, and it is becoming apparent that many species once thought to be faithful to a single species or genus of host are actually more varied in their diet, it is not recommended that identifications be made using host alone. Adult male dissections or molecular sequence data are crucial for confident identification, and additional details of larval host usage, mine shape and frass pattern are also useful for contributing to a diagnosis (
Among the agromyzid genera, many lineages have successfully speciated on specific plant taxa, especially on diverse groups such as grasses (e.g., Cerodontha, Metopomyza Enderlein, the Pseudonapomyza atra group, the Agromyza bispinata group, others) and herbaceous Asteraceae (e.g., at least 1/2 of non-Cerodontha phytomyzines). Within these more specialised groups, however, there appear to be periodic but major shifts to entirely different plant families or orders followed by bursts of speciation (
True polyphagy is uncommon in the Agromyzidae, with only an estimated 16 species occurring on a wide diversity of host families (
Larval movement of agromyzid leaf miners within the host is characteristic and can be used to differentiate them from other leaf miners such as the microlepidoptera, as discussed in Eberle (1967) and
Mine location and shape, and the pattern by which frass is deposited in the mine, is often characteristic for a given species on a particular host during a certain part of the year, which may allow for tentative field identification (
Eggs are introduced into host tissue by female oviposition, with the modified terminal segments of the female abdomen specialised for creating a hole in the host and guiding the egg into the appropriate position among the cell layers. The female may produce similar additional punctures in the host to release sap on which both sexes feed (
Parasitoids are highly effective in controlling agromyzid population numbers, often with high mortality rates that are frequently discouraging to those attempting to rear the flies. Commonly encountered families are Eulophidae, Figitidae, Braconidae, and Pteromalidae, which emerge from the host puparium, but less commonly the larva.
While it is relatively simple to diagnose the family, the assignment of derived or synapomorphic states is problematic due to the uncertainty involved with establishing outgroups, and there is little consensus on sister group relationships. Minor similarities in wing venation, chaetotaxy and genitalia have historically allied the Agromyzidae to other acalyptrates, but these simple characters are of equivocal polarity and can be easily interpreted as plesiomorphic.
The Agromyzidae is currently treated as a member of the Opomyzoidea (McAlpine 1989), at least as a close relative of the Clusiidae (
In an effort to identify any possible synapomorphic morphological characters shared by the opomyzoid families, the author examined representatives of all extant genera, excluding some asteiid, odiniid, teratomyzid and Afrotropical taxa; additional data on Palaearctic Anthomyzidae were taken from
The first of these is Anthomyzidae + Opomyzidae, the monophyly of which received modest support in
In his discussion of the family, McAlpine (1989) listed a number of derived characters to define the Agromyzidae: the larvae feed in living plant tissue with an associated adaptation of the mouthparts, with “mandibles toothed and angularly positioned in relation to hypopharyngeal sclerite and hypopharyngeal and tentoropharyngeal sclerites fused” (Figs
Additional external adult characters added here include a relatively large and subshiny ocellar triangle surrounding the ocellar tubercle (Fig.
The genera of Agromyzidae have traditionally been divided between two subfamilies, the Agromyzinae and the Phytomyzinae, which follows the same system originally devised by
Since inconsistencies in the subfamilies’ defining characters were brought to light by
Although there are a number of highly characteristic lineages within Agromyzinae, most of the subfamily has relatively non-descript and uniform colouration, venation and often chaetotaxy. To compound this, species are often described on the basis of slight morphometric changes in the male genitalia and subtle variations in external morphology, making species identification problematic.
Agromyzinae can be divided into three relatively distinct clades. The first is the Ophiomyia genus group, an aggregate of morphologically similar and frequently confused genera that includes Ophiomyia Braschnikov (Figs
The second clade is made up of the genus Agromyza (Figs
The last clade is composed solely of Japanagromyza (Figs
The Phytomyzinae represents a comparatively heterogenous group that varies widely in external and male genitalic morphology, contrasting the often uniform species of Agromyzinae. A genus-level phylogeny of the subfamily was produced by
The first of these is what
Other genera in the Napomyza group are poorly represented or unknown in the New World. These resemble Phytomyza in having the costa extend to R4+5, and many species also exhibit costalisation of the wing veins, but the orbital setulae are erect to reclinate or absent. The smallest of these genera is Gymnophytomyza Hendel, which has two Palaearctic species that were treated by
The remaining Phytomyzinae were considered by
Within this group characterised by tubercle-like setae on the external male terminalia, there is gathering consensus that at least some genera are artificial groupings (
The positions of the other phytomyzine genera have not been confidently resolved and their relationships remain uncertain (
The status of two genera placed by
The majority of material examined for this study is deposited in the Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA (USNM), and the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Canada (CNC). Additional material was examined from, or is deposited in the following institutions:
BLTJ Biological Laboratory, Yazu High School, Tottori Pref., Japan;
BPBM Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA;
CASC California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA;
CFS Canadian Forest Service, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;
CSCA California State Collection of Arthropods California, USA;
CUIC Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
DEBU University of Guelph Insect Collection, Guelph, Ontario, Canada;
INHS Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, USA;
MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA;
MNHN Museum National D’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France;
NHMUK The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom;
NMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria;
NRS Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden;
OUMNH Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, United Kingdom;
RNH Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, Netherlands;
SMNS Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart, Germany;
UDCC University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA;
UZMH Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Finland;
VPIC Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA;
WVDA West Virginia Department of Agriculture, Charleston, West Virginia, USA;
ZIL Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia;
ZMHU Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany;
ZMUC Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;
ZMUN Zoological Museum, University of Oslo, Norway.
For the following keys and species descriptions, an emphasis was placed on adult description and diagnosis, especially with regards to the highly derived components of the male terminalia, as the majority of material examined was collected as adults with little or no associated host or habitat data. Host genera are provided only, with plant species listed when only a few are known. While external morphology is of course also useful, findings strongly support
Adult terminology and definitions are outlined below in the family description. Terminology for external structures largely following
Most specimens are pinned, and either air-dried or prepared in a critical-point drier. Some voucher material collected by D. Smith or S. Scheffer, excluding most specimens designated as types, was retained in 95% ethanol for potential future study. Abdomens of dissected specimens were initially prepared by dissolving the soft tissue in hot potassium hydroxide, followed by washing in demineralised or deionised water, neutralisation in glacial acetic acid, and further washing, but later dissections used hot lactic acid exclusively. Thorough washing and neutralisation of the potassium hydroxide still leave minute traces of the chemical, which continue to dissolve pigment and weaken sclerotised tissue, and it is not recommended for use. Genitalia were stored in glycerine in microvials pinned with the specimen. Most illustrations were prepared by the author, excluding several figures scanned from the literature, which are indicated in the text and in the acknowledgements. The sizes of illustrated structures are shown in correct proportion to each other, with the epandrium reduced due to space constraints; some structures were not illustrated if they were damaged, could not be found (ejaculatory apodeme), or were uninformative for diagnosis within the genus.
Adults generally small-bodied, wing length usually 1.5–3.5 mm, but as small as 0.5 mm and as large as 6.5 mm. Postocellar setae diverging. Frons usually with inclinate anterior and reclinate posterior fronto-orbitals. Orbital setulae usually present. Vibrissa present. Arista dorsobasal (Figs
A number of other small-bodied acalyptrate families are similar to Agromyzidae, but differ as follows. Chloropidae can be similarly small-bodied and stout with a large ocellar triangle, but this family lacks the anal cell and oviscape, and has a sharp propleural carina. Anthomyzidae are slender and sometimes pale with a vibrissa and larger ocellar triangle, superficially similar to some genera such as Cerodontha, and vein R1 is sinuous apically, similar to Agromyzinae, but in this family, a ctenidial spine is almost always present on the fore femur, the anepisternum is usually bare (with at least one large seta in Agromyzidae), the subcostal vein is clearly fused to R1 apically, and there is no stout oviscape. Odiniidae and Clusiidae have similar chaetotaxy, but preapical tibial setae are usually present, the large oviscape is absent, and Odiniidae have an incomplete subcosta; some Clusiidae do not have these tibial setae, but all species have a projection on the outer- and sometimes inner-distal margin of the pedicel. Other taxa with a large, conspicuous oviscape and complete subcosta, such as Tephritoidea, usually have strongly patterned wings and lack a vibrissa; Fergusoninidae are bright yellow with an anteriorly flattened head with small antennae concealed in deep recesses, a small face, and a very large parafacial and lunule.
General: Wing length small, usually 1.5–3.5 mm (sometimes as small or as large as 0.5 mm and 6.5 mm). Colour varying from almost entirely black or brown to yellow, but many with some degree of pattern that may be more of less typical of a genus (for example, species of Liriomyza and Calycomyza are more conservatively patterned than Phytomyza and Phytoliriomyza); dark species of Agromyzinae sometimes with metallic shine (many Melanagromyza and some Ophiomyia and Japanagromyza); often subshiny to heavily brown or grey pruinose, uncommonly glossy.
Head: (Figs
Chaetotaxy: In remaining consistent with names occurring in most agromyzid publications, terminology here largely follows that outlined in
Thorax: Sclerites labelled in Figures
Chaetotaxy: (Figs
Legs: Short, slender, fore and mid legs not widely separated. Segments labelled in Figures
Chaetotaxy: Posteroventral margin of femora with row of strengthened setae (sometimes indistinct); posterior margin often with scattered setae. Fore tibia sometimes with one posteromedial seta (most Japanagromyza and some Melanagromyza, Nemorimyza and Phytobia). Mid tibia sometimes with one or two posteromedial setae, rarely three. Hind tibia sometimes with inner-distal “cleaning comb” (
Wing: (Figs
Female abdomen: (Figs
Male abdomen: (Figs
Notes on male genitalic homology. Regarding structural homology, a number of points must be clarified. Firstly, as the basalmost component of the phallus meeting the phallapodeme, the phallophorus is clearly homologous with the “basiphallus” of other Schizophora. The term “phallophorus” is here retained, and treated as the basal segment of the basiphallus proper. As the structure is present and often distinct in taxa throughout the family, and it has had wide usage in the literature, the term has utility. It is not entirely certain whether the agromyzid “basiphallus” originates from the same sclerite as the phallophorus, but in assuming this homology, continuity is maintained with the existing literature, and confusion is avoided by eliminating the need to rename structures. The alternative interpretation would be to consider the agromyzid “basiphallus” a novel, secondary sclerotisation of the lateral phallic membrane, but this explanation is not more parsimonious and it does not have the above advantages.
Both the phallophorus and folding epiphallus appear to have counterparts in other acalyptrate Diptera and may be phylogenetically informative, but the homology and polarity of these are uncertain. Both structures appear to aid in projecting the phallus from the abdomen for copulation, contrasting the lever and fulcrum method employed by families such as Clusiidae, or the method employed by Tephritoidea, etc., but functional requirements may make these prone to convergence.
Lastly, the position and shape of the hypophallic sclerites in the ventral region distal to the basiphallus varies widely between species, with numerous intermediate forms. Some complex forms have led some authors (e.g.,
Egg: Small and clear with shape ovate to reniform; surface texture smooth to reticulate. End bearing small micropyle often broader.
Larva: (Figs
Puparium: (Figs
1 | Subcostal vein well-developed along entire length and fused to vein R1 before reaching costa (Fig. |
Agromyzinae (2) |
– | Subcostal vein either ending freely in cell or continuing as a fold or atrophied vein to the costa (Fig. |
Phytomyzinae(8) |
2 | Prescutellar acrostichal seta present (Figs |
3 |
– | Prescutellar acrostichal seta absent and halter entirely dark (apically white in Ophiomyia maculata Spencer) | 4 |
3 | Lateral margin of tergite 2 and fused tergite 1 with straight, thin, and well-sclerotised stridulatory file (Fig. |
Agromyza Fallén |
– | Lateral margin of tergites 1 and 2 weakly sclerotised and sometimes irregular in outline, never with stridulatory file. Only two well-developed dorsocentral setae (Fig. |
Japanagromyza Sasakawa (in part) |
4 | Clypeus with anterior margin truncated anteromedially (Figs |
Ophiomyia Braschnikov |
– | Clypeus rounded anteromedially; if slightly truncated (some Melanagromyza), then with one or more of the following characters: dorsal setulae on eye; one posteromedial seta on fore tibia; more than 1 posteromedial seta on mid tibia; entire thorax and abdomen strongly metallic. Gena sometimes angled anteriorly (M. buccalis, Fig. |
5 |
5 | Fore tibia with small to well-developed posteromedial seta (Fig. |
6 |
– | Fore tibia bare posteromedially | 7 |
6 | Halter white. Costa extending to M1. Only two developed dorsocentral setae (Fig. |
Japanagromyza Sasakawa (in part) |
– | Halter brown. Costa extending to M1 or (uncommonly) R4+5. Usually two dorsocentral setae, uncommonly three or four. Ocellar triangle exceeding level of posterior fronto-orbital seta; frons variable, lunule smooth; orbital plate distinct and often raised or bulging (Figs |
Melanagromyza Hendel (in part) |
7 | Thorax (and sometimes head and abdomen) sometimes with green (Fig. |
Melanagromyza Hendel (in part) |
– | Thorax without metallic sheen (Figs |
Euhexomyza Lonsdale |
8 | Lunule conspicuous, at least as high as pedicel, well-sclerotised and usually convex (even if partially concealed by pronounced orbital plates) (Figs |
Cerodontha Rondani (9) |
– | Lunule weakly sclerotised, slightly concave and usually shallow; if appearing higher than pedicel, then either orbital setulae entirely proclinate (Phytomyza and some Phytoliriomyza) or epandrium with rows of conspicuous tubercle-like setae (some Phytoliriomyza). Distiphallus various | 15 |
9 | First flagellomere pointed (Fig. |
10 |
– | First flagellomere rounded anteriorly. Scutellum with two pairs of setae (some global Poemyza rarely with one pair, but lunule very high and narrow) | 11 |
10 | First flagellomere produced as a thin point anterodorsally (Fig. |
C. (Cerodontha) Rondani |
– | First flagellomere angulate anterodorsally. Body brown to black (Fig. |
C. (Xenophytomyza) Frey |
11 | Costa only extending to vein R4+5 | C. (Phytagromyza) Hendel |
– | Costa ending at vein M1 | 12 |
12 | Prescutellar acrostichal seta present. Lunule slightly higher than wide, well-sclerotised, smooth, gradually tapering to a point dorsally, and light brown to brown with even covering of very short velvety pubescence (Fig. |
C. (Butomomyza) Nowakowski |
– | Prescutellar acrostichal seta usually absent, but uncommonly weak to well-developed. If lunule higher than wide, then not as above. Lunule uncommonly approaching state as defined above, but if so (e.g., C. (D.) scirpivora Spencer), then lunule smoothly rounded above and male first flagellomere densely haired | 13 |
13 | Lunule narrow, either higher than wide or appearing higher than wide with sides obscured beneath prominent orbital plates (Figs |
C. (Poemyza) Hendel |
– | Lunule as wide, or wider than high; surface smooth with indistinct to prominent pubescence | 14 |
14 | Lunule flat or curved, meeting anterior margin of frons, well-sclerotised (Fig. |
C. (Dizygomyza) Hendel |
– | Lunule bulging, usually projecting higher than sunken anterior margin of frons, weakly sclerotised (Fig. |
C. (Icteromyza) Hendel |
15 | Vein R4+5 as close, or closer to wing apex than vein M1 (Figs |
16 |
– | Vein M1 closer to wing tip than vein R4+5 (Figs |
17 |
16 | Fore tibia sometimes with posteromedial seta (Fig. |
Nemorimyza Frey |
– | Fore tibia rarely with posteromedial setae. Halter entirely white. Surstylus small, lobate (Figs |
Phytobia Lioy |
17 | Costa extending to vein M1 (Fig. |
18 |
– | Costa extending to vein R4+5, or slightly past (Fig. |
24 |
18 | Two distinct dorsocentral setae, with anterior two pairs highly reduced and barely longer than surrounding setulae (few global species with three or four setae developed). Head and notopleuron pale yellow with antenna and most of remaining notum contrastingly dark (some exceptions outside of Nearctic) (Figs |
Calycomyza Hendel |
– | Three or more pronounced dorsocentral setae; if only two present, colour never as above. Arrangement of tubercles on epandrium usually much reduced (Figs |
19 |
19 | Halter white to entirely black, but never white with apical surface brownish. Distiphallus usually black, dense, and surrounded by minutely spinulose membrane (Figs |
Amauromyza Hendel |
– | Halter white, sometimes with apical surface of halter brown. Distiphallus without spinulose membrane. Gena usually < 1/3 eye height, uncommonly higher. Sperm pump uncommonly as above, usually with much smaller, ovate or band-like sclerotisation (Figs |
20 |
20 | Scutellum yellow centrally and orbital plate brown and slightly to conspicuously pronounced, contrasting with the weakly sclerotised central vitta (also usually brown). Broad, sclerotised ocellar triangle and orbital plates joined to form sharp angles with the outline of an “M”. Surstylus with at least one, and epandrium with two rows of tubercle-like setae (Figs |
Metopomyza Enderlein |
– | If orbital plate dark brown as above, then not pronounced and scutellum entirely brown. If ocellar triangle and orbital plate joined along posterior margin of frons, then broadly joined by an intervening space (i.e., connecting angle broadly rounded or squared). Male genitalia infrequently as above (some Phytoliriomyza) | 21 |
21 | Apical surface of halter light brown (Fig. |
Phytoliriomyza Hendel (in part) |
– | Halter entirely white. Orbital setulae upright to reclinate, sometimes absent; if proclinate (some Phytoliriomyza) then epandrium with dense row of tubercle-like setae. Eye bare or with few scattered ommatrichia. Side of frons not reflective as above. Scutellum usually distinctly yellow medially | 22 |
22 | With one of the following characters: frons with slight reflective pruinosity anterolaterally; orbital setulae proclinate; first flagellomere slightly elongate and black; scutellum and large portions of scutum matt grey; epandrium and surstylus with rows of tubercle-like setae (Fig. |
Phytoliriomyza Hendel (in part) |
– | Frons never with reflective pruinosity. First flagellomere yellow to dark brown, never black. Scutellum usually subshiny to shiny (sometimes pruinose) and with central yellow stripe (sometimes reduced to absent). Epandrium and surstylus usually with one or two tubercle-like setae, but if with more, these never arranged in a discrete row | 23 |
23 | Vein dm-m often present (Fig. |
Liriomyza Mik |
– | Vein dm-m often absent (Fig. |
Haplopeodes Steyskal |
24 | Orbital setulae proclinate (Fig. |
Phytomyza Fallén s. l. (25) |
– | Orbital setulae reclinate or upright (as in Fig. |
26 |
25 | Vein dm-m present; usually in line with, or slightly basal to r-m, but sometimes slightly distal to r-m as below. Scutum mostly dark with grey pruinosity (Fig. |
P. (Napomyza) Westwood |
– | Vein dm-m usually absent; if present, then positioned slightly distal to r-m (Fig. |
P. (Phytomyza) Fallén |
26 | Vein r-m basal to dm-m (Fig. |
Aulagromyza Enderlein |
– | Vein dm-m and basal section of M absent, with r-m and bm-m nearly forming a straight transverse line (Fig. |
Pseudonapomyza Hendel |
Agromyza Fallén
Agromyza
Fallén, 1810: 21. Type species: reptans Fallén 1823, by subsequent designation [
Calyptomyza Hardy, 1850: 486. Type species atra Hardy, 1850 [= Agromyza lathryi Hendel, 1923], by monotypy (Bland 2000; synonymy).
Adromyza. Misspelling.
Domomyza Rondani, 1856: 121 [incorrectly treated as Agromyzidae]. Type species: cincta Rondani, 1956 (= Cacoxenus indagator
Mesonevra Lioy, 1864: 1312. Type species: Agromyza mobilis
Cecidomyiaceltis Patton, 1897: 247. Type species: Cecidomyiaceltis deserta
Stomacrypolus Enderlein, 1936a: 178 [nomen nudum – no type species designated].
Stomacrypolus
Enderlein, 1936b: 42 [attributes to
Both sexes of Agromyza have a dark, straight, well-sclerotised file along the lateral margin of the fused first and second tergites, making it an easily recognised genus. The second tergite itself is also produced posteriorly along the lateral margin, forming a shallow, yet distinct angle (Figs
For the purposes of species-level identification, the morphology (including shape, colour, and hairiness) of the first flagellomere is quite important, and if these are missing from the specimen it is recommended that the male genitalia be dissected.
1 | Palpus yellow (apex infuscated in A. apfelbecki). Face white to light brown, rarely brown. First flagellomere usually light yellow, sometimes with outer surface lightly infuscated | 2 |
– | Palpus brown or darker. Face light to dark brown. First flagellomere orange to dark brown | 8 |
2 | At least 6 dorsocentral setae and 5 fronto-orbital setae. Wing length at least 4.0 mm. Epistoma large, distinct | A. apfelbecki Strobl |
– | No more than 4 large dorsocentrals and four fronto-orbital setae. Wing length 3.4 mm or less. Epistoma narrow | 3 |
3 | Body, excluding most of head and legs, yellow. Thorax shiny. Mid tibia with 2 or 3 posteromedial setae. First flagellomere with apical patch of slightly longer, paler hairs. Wing length 2.7–3.4 mm. Eye 6.1–9.7 × higher than gena. Surstylus indistinct, appearing as broadly rounded ventral margin of epandrium; with tubercle-like setae (Fig. |
A. diversa Johnson |
– | Body, excluding most of head, dark brown. Thorax densely to lightly pruinose. Mid tibia without posteromedial setae. First flagellomere with all hairs similar. Wing length usually 1.7–2.4 mm; 3.4 mm in A. deserta. Eye 1.6–3.9 × higher than gena. Surstylus ending in triangular point; without tubercle-like setae. Cercus with tubercle-like setae along inner face. Distiphallus a flat, curved sclerite. Basiphallus consisting of a single band | 4 |
4 | Thorax with dense grey pruinosity. Calypter margin and hairs white. Legs light yellow. Parafacial visible laterally, continuing under eye as distinct cheek. Ca. 8 rows of acrostichal setulae. Eye 1.6–2.7 × higher than gena. Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6–0.9. Mesophallus several ×longer than distiphallus (males unknown for A. pallidiseta). Ejaculatory apodeme minute and subcylindrical | 5 |
– | Thorax with light dusting of pruinosity. Calypter margin and hairs brown. Legs dark brown with tarsi and knees paler. Parafacial not visible laterally; cheek not strongly delimited. Four rows of acrostichal setulae. Eye 3.5–3.9 × higher than gena. Ultimate and penultimate sections of vein M4 of equal length. Mesophallus shorter than distiphallus. Ejaculatory apodeme large and fan-shaped | 7 |
5 | Setae yellow. Ocellar seta 1/2 length of postocellar | A. pallidiseta Malloch |
– | Setae dark brown. Ocellar seta as long, or nearly as long as postocellar | 6 |
6 | Wing length 2.0–2.4 mm. Legs yellow with mid and hind coxae at least partially brown (Fig. |
A. aristata Malloch |
– | Wing length 3.4 mm. Legs brown with apex of femora and base of tibiae yellow. Presutural dorsocentral distinct. Distiphallus curved | A. deserta (Patton) |
7 | First flagellomere entirely light yellow, or with dark dorsobasal spot. Mid and hind tibiae dark brown with base yellow, and fore tibia yellow with centre brownish. Male cercus thin along length (Fig. |
A. varifrons Coquillett |
– | First flagellomere yellow with outer face lightly infuscated on distal 2/3. Tibiae dark brown with only base of fore tibia yellowish. Male cercus broad and V-shaped (Figs |
A. fission Eiseman & Lonsdale |
8 | Five or 6 fronto-orbital setae, with only one ors (some A. virginiensis with posterior ori appearing as ors). Fronto-orbital plate and parafacial not projecting. Centre of frons always brownish orange. Distiphallus long, thin, tubular, and bifid | 9 |
– | Four fronto-orbital setae on one or both sides of frons, with two ors, but if 5 fronto-orbitals present (A. aprilina), fronto-orbital plate and parafacial projecting. Centre of frons usually dark brown (pale in A. aprilina). Distiphallus undivided | 10 |
9 | At least apical 1/2 of first flagellomere brown. Anterior margin of buccal cavity sharply angulate. Distiphallus strongly curved, forming a semicircle (Figs |
A. ambrosivora Spencer |
– | First flagellomere entirely orange, with dark spot around base of arista, or with distal 1/2 darker. Anterior margin of buccal cavity straight or slightly rounded, at most with midpoint slightly produced. Distiphallus nearly straight (Fig. |
A. virginiensis Spencer |
10 | First flagellomere black; elongate to slightly enlarged and with anterodorsal angle. Body dark brown to black. Calypter margin and hairs white. Distiphallus relatively short | 11 |
– | First flagellomere dark brown or paler; circular to elongate oval, with apex broadly rounded; if flagellomere black and with anterodorsal point (some A. kincaidi), then segment not elongate, body paler, calypter margin and hairs usually yellow to brown, and distiphallus large and clavate | 12 |
11 | Costa extending just past vein R4+5. Five fronto-orbital setae. Sides of ocellar triangle straight. Anterodistal margin of epandrium deeply incised before surstylus (Figs |
A. aprilina Malloch |
– | Costa extending to vein M1+2. Four fronto-orbital setae (some Canadian material with five). Sides of ocellar triangle slightly concave. Epandrium without deep emargination as above. Surstylus relatively small and lobate (Fig. |
A. albipennis Meigen |
12 | Four strong dorsocentral setae, presutural seta nearly as long as preceding seta and nearly as long as acrostichal seta. Thorax covered with brownish grey pruinosity, strongly contrasting brown to golden-brown setae. Mid tibia with 1 posteromedial seta. Basiphallus consisting of a single sclerite. Distiphallus and separate mesophallus simple and plate-like | 13 |
– | Three to 6 dorsocentral setae, strongly decreasing in height anteriorly (anterior setae often barely larger than surrounding setulae). Thorax usually shiny, but sometimes with light pruinose dusting. Setae usually dark brown, but sometimes brown or (rarely) yellow. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae. Basiphallus consisting of 2 sclerites. Distiphallus (including fused mesophallus) with transverse dorsobasal band; bulb-like or long and bifid | 14 |
13 | Calypter hairs brown. Antenna entirely dark brown. Mid and hind tibiae brown with apices yellow (base sometimes also yellow). Distiphallus longer than wide, flat, and curved; short, cylindrical with longer ventral plate (Figs |
A. vockerothi Spencer |
– | Calypter hairs usually white (only brown in holotype). Base of first flagellomere paler in colour, usually distinctly orange. Mid and hind tibiae yellow, sometimes with hind tibia brownish medially. Distiphallus very short, mesophallus dense and thick apically, and with long, thin, flat “tail” (Figs |
A. isolata Malloch |
14 | First flagellomere usually at least 1.3 × longer than pedicel (larger in males); shape circular (most males) or elongate oval (some males and most females); with elongate pale hairs present and restricted to distal margin in females, but often extending to basal 1/2 or basal 1/3 of segment in males (Figs |
15 |
– | First flagellomere not much longer than pedicel, with shape ovate; longer hairs, if present, restricted to discrete, sharply delimited apical tuft that may form a minute spot (Figs |
17 |
15 | Surstylus with 2 tubercle-like setae of variable size; small and lobate, directed anteriorly and barely visible laterally (Figs |
A. bispinata Spencer |
– | Surstylus with 3 or more tubercle-like setae, rarely 2; subtriangular in outline and distinct laterally | 16 |
16 | Surstylus with 3–5 tubercle-like setae (rarely 2) (Figs |
A. tacita Spencer |
– | Surstylus with numerous tubercle-like setae (Figs |
A. echinalis sp. nov. |
17 | If present, pale tuft of hairs on first flagellomere encompassing entire distal 1/3 of segment, or nearly as high as segment and teardrop-shaped. Scutum with light pruinosity. Four or 5 dorsocentrals, often with 1 presutural. Distiphallus cup-shaped with central tuft of hairs (strongly enlarged in A. canadensis) | 18 |
– | If present, pale tuft of apical hairs on first flagellomere circular to ovate in outline, and ranging in size from 1/2 height of first flagellomere to only as wide as base of arista. Scutum usually shiny to subshiny. Number of dorsocentrals variable, but often with only 2 well-developed setae. Distiphallus capsule-like and usually bell-shaped in outline | 19 |
18 | Three postsutural dorsocentral setae and one sutural to presutural dorsocentral (European specimens with 1 or 2 additional dorsocentrals). Buccal cavity curving onto face. Parafacial entirely visible laterally. Frons orange-brown with fronto-orbital plate dark brown. Distiphallus as long as mesophallus, and with distal 1/2 flared (Figs |
A. abiens Zetterstedt |
– | Four postsutural dorsocentral setae and sometimes 1 sutural to presutural dorsocentral (Fig. |
A. canadensis Malloch |
19 | Costa extending to vein R4+5. Wing length 3.6–4.3 mm. Distiphallus longer than basiphallus and dark (Figs |
A. kincaidi Malloch |
– | Costa extending to vein M1+2. Wing length < 2.6 mm. Distiphallus shorter than basiphallus and usually pale | 20 |
20 | Five dorsocentral setae, with presutural dorsocentral as long as preceding setae, and nearly as long as acrostichal seta. Calypter hairs white to light brown in male (female unknown). Surstylus with four spines (Fig. |
A. soka Eiseman & Lonsdale |
– | Only 2 or 3 well-developed postsutural dorsocentrals, with third seta (if present) usually much shorter than acrostichal. Calypter hairs sometimes brown in male, usually white in female. Surstylus with > 4 spines. Distiphallus pale and bell-shaped in ventral view. Hypophallus absent | 21 |
21 | Frons and most of gena orange-brown, or at least distinctly paler than scutum; fronto-orbital plate and posterior region of frons variably dark brown (frons appearing entirely dark in poorly preserved specimens). Lunule light brown to yellow. Frons buckled anteriorly, with anterior region visible in lateral view. Distiphallus bulging subapically | 22 |
– | Frons, gena and lunule entirely dark brown, with frons evenly curved to meet face. Sides of distiphallus relatively straight or concave subapically | 23 |
22 | Fronto-orbital plate always dark brown to level of anterior or posterior ors, and sometimes dark along most of lateral margin. Distiphallus strongly swollen distally, almost circular in shape (viewed ventrally) (Fig. |
A. parvicornis Loew |
– | Fronto-orbital plate usually brownish orange around base of all fronto-orbital setae, but sometimes as above. Distiphallus only gradually swollen subapically, with distal section only slightly wider than basal section (viewed ventrally) (Fig. |
A. proxima Spencer |
23 | Antenna dark brown with base of first flagellomere sometimes orange. Basiphallus produced distolaterally (i.e., apex split); without membranous lateromedial lobes (Figs |
A. pudica Spencer |
– | Antenna dark brown, but if first flagellomere paler, then entirely concolourous on outer face. Basiphallus not produced distolaterally; with 1 pair of membranous lateromedial lobes. Distiphallus narrowest apically | 24 |
24 | Apical tuft of pale hairs present on apex of male first flagellomere. Calypter hairs white to brown. Mesophallus with 1 pair of small, lateral membranous lobes at midpoint. Distiphallus relatively pale, not angled dorsally and with apical section (seen ventrally) irregular in outline (Figs |
A. parca Spencer |
– | Apical tuft of hairs absent from male first flagellomere. Calypter hairs dark brown. Mesophallus produced laterally into 1 pair of large, triangular, basally sclerotised wings. Distiphallus relatively dark, slightly angled dorsally and with distal section (seen ventrally) evenly tapered (Figs |
A. parilis Spencer |
Unless otherwise stated, species are characterised in part as follows: body and setae dark brown with ocellar triangle always darker; gena highest posteriorly; notum subshiny; stridulatory organ present; one pair of well-developed acrostichal setae present; acrostichal setulae in eight to ten rows; costa extending to vein M1+2; abdomen dark brown.
Agromyza abiens
Zetterstedt, 1848: 2747. Hendel 1931: 147 [as synonym of rufipes Meigen];
Agromyza echii
Kaltenbach, 1860: 217.
Wing length 3.6–4.1 mm (♂), 4.3 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6–0.7. Eye height divided by gena height: 3.6–5.3 (up to 10.0 in German material examined). First flagellomere slightly elongate with distal margin covered with tuft of dense, pale hairs. Fronto-orbital plate and parafacial slightly produced, curving under eye as distinct cheek. Ocellar triangle hemispherical in outline. Epistoma relatively large to narrow. Thorax and abdomen with light greyish pruinosity.
Chaetotaxy : Three ori, two ors. Four to six dorsocentrals (four in Nearctic specimen), slightly decreasing in size anteriorly (more so presuturally). Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body dark brown with halter white and gena and parafacial light brown; lunule, pedicel, scape and frons (between narrow fronto-orbital plates) brownish orange; first flagellomere orange with deeper brown tint past base, sometimes mostly brown; palpus brownish; posterior 1/3–1/2 of frons sometimes darker; ocellar triangle dark brown, distinct, slightly larger than tubercle; notopleuron slightly paler than rest of notum. Calypter margin and hairs white. Examined European material with paler parts of head lighter orange, parafacial and posterior parts of frons darker, thorax reddish, palpus reddish orange and lunule yellow. Wing veins light brown; coxae and femora paler brown with apices of latter yellow; tibiae and tarsi light brownish orange.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Boraginaceae – Aegonycho, Amsinckia (?), Anchusa, Asperugo, Borago, Brunnera, Buglossoides, Cerinthe, Cynoglossum, Echium, Lappula, Lindelofia, Lithospermum, Lycopsis, Myosotis, Nonea, Omphalodes, Onosma, Pentaglottis, Pulmonaria, Podonosma, Pulmonaria, Solenanthus, Symphytum (
USA: VA*. Europe.
Syntypes [abiens]: Sweden. Scania ad Tranas, Esperod, Ostra Torp. [Not examined – one ST labeled as lectotype (Spencer, 1963d)]
Syntypes [echii]: Germany [not given]. [Not examined]
England. Hampstead, 26.vi.1954, em. 2.viii.[19]54, CNC352640 (1♀, CNC). Germany. Thuringen: H. Buhr, mine an Cynoglossum officinale, vii.1964, Hering, CNC352639, No. 2034 (1♂ 1♀ [with puparia], CNC). Europe. [illegible], 20.vii.1953, em. 11.viii.[19]53, CNC352638 (1♂, CNC), [illegible] viii.1908 (2♂ 1♀, USNM). USA. VA: Strausberg, 21.ix.1980, W.H. Rowe (1♂, USNM).
The Virginia male recorded here is the first Nearctic instance of this otherwise European species, which feeds on a wide range of Boraginaceae. The irregular, uneven basiphallus, the distinct mesophallus and the cup-like distiphallus with an inner fringe of hairs are characteristic. Externally, this species is relatively large with a white male calypter, it has five fronto-orbitals, a relatively pale head and the apical third of the first flagellomere is densely covered in pale hairs. Morphology is incredibly similar to Agromyza pseudoreptans Nowakowski, which also occurs in Europe and North America and may occur in the Delmarva states, but the distiphallus is distinctly longer than wide (not as long as wide) and is similarly constricted dorsoapically (not broadly domed, as illustrated in previous works).
Agromyza albipennis
Meigen, 1830: 171.
Agromyza dubitata
Malloch, 1913a: 311. Frick 1953: 68 [as synonym reptans Fallén], 1957: 199 [as synonym nigripes Meigen].
Agromyza albo-hyalinata
Zetterstedt, 1848: 2742.
Agromyza albipennis fennica
Griffiths, 1963: 128.
Wing length 2.1–2.9 mm (♂), 2.5–3.5 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6–0.8. Eye height divided by gena height: 3.6–5.6. First flagellomere relatively elongate with dorsoapical corner slightly pointed; velvety with small apical tuft of dense pale hairs (only distinct when viewed anteriorly). Fronto-orbital plate and parafacial slightly pronounced, curving under eye as cheek. Ocellar triangle reaching level of anterior ors, sides concave.
Chaetotaxy : Two ors, two or three ori (if three, anterior seta smaller). Four postsutural dorsocentrals, anterior two much shorter. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body black with halter white and wing veins paler and fore knee sometimes very narrowly yellow. Calypter margin and hairs white. Faint greenish shine sometimes evident, mostly on abdomen.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Poaceae – Triticum aestivum (only known North American host), Agrostis, Arrhenatherum, Brachypodium, Bromus, Calamagrostis, Dactylis, Deschampsia, Festuca, Glyceria, Hordeum, Milium, Phalaris, Phalaroides (
Canada: AB, BC, MB, NB*, NL, NS*, NT, NU*, ON, QC, SK*, YT*. USA: AK, CA, CO, DC*, IA, IL, MA, MD*, MI, NC*, NY, OH, PA*, SC*. Widespread in Palaearctic (
Syntype [albipennis]: Austria [not given] (1♀, NMW). [Not examined].
Syntype [dubitata]: USA. MA: Beverly (1♀, USNM; two females reported in
[dubitata]: Canada. QC: Beaulieu, Ile de Montreal, 14.vii.1906 (1♀, USNM), Ottawa [illegible], Beaulieu, 20.vii.1912, “13” (1♀, USNM), Cottage Beaulieu, Beaulieu, 16.vii.1906, “15” (1♀, USNM), Cottage Beaulieu, Beaulieu, 21.viii.1906, “19” (1♀, USNM), Cottage Beaulieu, Beaulieu, 10.vi.1906, “21 0” (1♀, USNM). USA. MA: Beverly, 23.viii.1969 (1♀, USNM).
Syntypes [albo-hyalinata]: “Ovasa ad Esperod Scaniae… Dania” (? ZIL). [Not examined].
Holotype [albipennis fennica]: Finland. Messuby (1♂, UZMH). [Not examined].
Canada. AB: Black Foot Hills, 9.viii.1940, A.R. Brooks, CNC352861 (1♀, CNC), Lethbridge, 27.vi.1923, H.L. Seamans, CNC352860 (1♀, CNC), Banff Natl. Pk., Lk. Louise, 1402 m, 7.vii.1955, R. Coyles, CNC352693 (1♀, CNC), Banff, Jasper Hwy, Sunwapta Pass, 2011 m, 7.vii.1955, R. Coyles, CNC352692 (1♀, CNC), Elkwater, 11.vi.1956, CNC352652 (1♂, CNC), Onefour, 49°6'0"N, 110°24'0"W, 4.vi.1955, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC352653, CNC352654 (2♂, CNC), Elk Island N.P. Wood Bison Trail wetland alongside aspen forest, lots of tall grass, 53.5666°N, 112.8514°W, 722 m, BIOBus, 1.vii.2012, BIOUG06731-D05 (1♂, CNC), Waterton Lakes NP, Highway 6 pulloff east of 2 Flags Lookout montane forest, douglas fir and lodgepole pine (mostly conifer with aspen/birch understory), 49.065°N, 113.7781°W, 1562 m, BIOBus, 11.viii.2012, BIOUG06502-C07 (1♀, CNC), BC: Liard Hot Spg. Mi496 Alaska Hwy, 457 m, 9–10.vii.1959, E.E. MacDougall, CNC352698 (1♀, CNC), Moosehorn Lake, 58°10'0"N, 132°7'0"W, 1371 m, 25.vii.1960, R. Pilfrey, CNC352658 (1♂, CNC), Summit L., Mi392 Alaska Hwy, 1402 m, 16.vii.1959, E.E. MacDougall, CNC352699 (1♀, CNC), Terrace, 10.vi.1960, 5.vi.1960, C.H. Mann, CNC352655, CNC352656, CNC352657, CNC352697 (3♂ 1♀, CNC), Vernon, 3.ix.1931, R.D. Bird, CNC352651, 2s37, IV 31 (1♂, CNC), Bobson, 6.v.1952, H.R. Foxlee, CNC352862 (1♀, CNC), Oliver, 20.v.1923, C.B. Garrett, CNC352863 (1♀, CNC), Vernon, 31.vii.1937, H. Leech, CNC352864 (1♀, CNC), Victoria, 20.v.1919, W. Downes, CNC352844 (1♂, CNC), MB: Minnedosa, 5mi N, 8.vii.1958, R.L. Hurley, CNC352690 (1♀, CNC), Shilo, 5mi SW, 28.v.1958, R.B. Madge, CNC352663 (1♂, CNC), Western MB, Riding Mountain Nat. Pk. – North Escarpment Trailhead wet meadow/marsh, 50.674°N, 99.65°W, 726 m, J. Straka, J. Crossey, 15.viii.2008, 08BDIP-1973 (1♀, CNC), Aweme, 26.vi.1916, N. Criddle, CNC352842 (2♂, CNC), 28.viii.1917, CNC352843 (1♂, CNC), NB: Kouchibouguac N.P., 8.vii.1977, J.F. McAlpine, Code-6020N, CNC352688, CNC352689 (2♀, CNC), NL: Gros Morne; Gros Morne Mountain Hiking Trail, 49.5657°N, 57.8324°W, 39 m, J. Crossey, R. Labbee, A. Smith, M. Zhang, 15.vii.2009, 09BBEDI-0938 (1♀, CNC), St. John’s, Agric. Exp. Sta., 12.vii.1967, 15.vii.1967, J.F. McAlpine, CNC353033, CNC353041, CNC353042 (2♂ 1♀, CNC), NS: Kentville, 22.viii.1912, from tortricid larva on apple, [illegible], CNC352650 (1♂, CNC), NT: Ft. McPherson, 19.vii.1957, R. Hurley, CNC352695 (1♀, CNC), NU: [N.W.T.] Muskox L., 64°45'0"N, 108°10'0"W, 2.viii.1953, J.G. Chillcott, CNC352696 (1♀, CNC), ON: Almonte, 18.v.1951, J.F. McAlpine, CNC352679 (1♀, CNC), Hailerbury, 12.viii.1947, G.S. Walley, CNC352646 (1♂, CNC), Marmora, 1.vi.1952, 13.v.1952, J.C. Mitchell, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC352674, CNC352675, CNC352676 (3♀, CNC), Maynooth, 25.v.1951, J.F. McAlpine, CNC352677 (1♀, CNC), Minnedosa, 5mi N, 8.vii.1958, R.L. Hurley, CNC352691 (1♀, CNC), Normandale, 42°42'0"N, 80°19'0"W, 27.v.1956, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC352645 (1♂, CNC), 29.v.1956, J.R. Lonsway, CNC352678 (1♀, CNC), Ottawa, 8.vii.1952, G.E. Shewell, CNC352647 (1♂, CNC), Port Hope, 25.v.1925, N.K. Bigelow, CNC352680 (1♀, CNC), Port Severn, 3mi N, 18.v.1959, J.G. Chillcott, CNC352681 (1♀, CNC), Putnam, 26.vi.1925, G.S. Walley, CNC352644 (1♂, CNC), St. Williams, 42°40'0"N, 80°25'0"W, 23.v.1956, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC352649 (1♂, CNC), Turkey Pt., 42°39'0"N, 80°21'0"W, 25.v.1956, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC352683 (1♀, CNC), Brockville, 5.viii.1903, W. Metcalfe, CNC352847 (1♀, CNC), Cottage Beaulieu, 16.vii.1906, 145, CNC352854 (1♀, CNC), Mer Bleue, 10.v.1938, G.E. Shewell, CNC352834 (1♂, CNC), Norway Point, Lake of Bays, 31.vii.1919, J. McDunnough, CNC352851 (1♀, CNC), Orillia, 18.vii.1923, C.H. Curran, CNC352848 (1♀, CNC), 17.viii.1923, CNC352850 (1♀, CNC), Ottawa, 15.vii.1938, A. Brooks, CNC352830 (1♂, CNC), Ottawa, 11.ix.1947, G.E. Shewell, CNC352829 (1♂, CNC), Ottawa, A. Brooks, 5.vii.1938, CNC352852 (1♂, CNC), Ottawa, 27.vii.1912, Beaulieu, CNC352853 (2♂ 2♀, CNC), Pt. Ryerse, 1.vi.1939, G.E. Shewell, CNC352835 (1♂, CNC), St. Johns, Little Montreal River, 9.vii.1937, G.E. Shewell, CNC352855 (1♀, CNC), Simcoe, 8.vi.1939, G.E. Shewell, CNC352849 (1♀, CNC), Simcoe, G.E. Shewell, 14.vi.1939, CNC352831 (1♂, CNC), Simcoe, G.E. Shewell, 22.vi.1939, CNC352832 (1♂, CNC), Simcoe, G.E. Shewell, 29.v.1939, CNC352833 (3♂ 1♀, CNC), Metcalfe, 2mi N, 10.vi.1982, B.E. Cooper, CNC353037 (1♂, CNC), Metcalfe, 25.v.1983, B.E. Cooper, CNC353038 (1♂, CNC), Ottawa, damp second-growth Acer-Betula wood, 15.viii.2003, 20.vii.1974, 29.vi.1991, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC353032, CNC353035, CNC353036 (2♂ 1♀, CNC), Port Severn, 3mi N, black spruce bog, 18.v.1959, J.G. Chillcott, CNC353039, CNC353034 (2♂, CNC), QC: Ile de Montreal, 7.vii.1906, Beaulieu, CNC352837 (1♂, CNC), Old Chelsea, 13.vi.1961, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC353040 (1♂, CNC), St. Johns, Little Montreal River, 9.vii.1937, G.E. Shewell, CNC352836 (1♂, CNC), Wakefield, 9.vii.1946, G.E. Shewell, CNC352838 (1♂, CNC), Woburn, 19.vi.1923, C.H. Curran, CNC352859 (1♀, CNC), Aylmer, 16.vii.1959, C.H. Mann, CNC352684 (1♀, CNC), Farnham, 5.vi.1963, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC352642, CNC352682 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), Hull, 20.vi.1956, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC352685 (1♀, CNC), Indian House L., 20.vii.1954, 27.vi.1954, 27.vii.1954, R. Coyle, R. Coyles, W.R. Richards, CNC352648, CNC352686, CNC352687 (1♂ 2♀, CNC), Knowlton, Bolton Pass, 243 m, 5.vi.1963, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC352641 (1♂, CNC), Mt. Orford, 365 m, 5.vi.1963, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC352643 (1♂, CNC), Abbotsford, G. Shewell, 29.v.1936, CNC352839, CNC352858 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), Abbotsford, 10.viii.1937, G.E. Shewell, CNC352840 (1♂, CNC), Abbotsford, G. Shewell, 20.viii.1936, CNC352841 (1♂, CNC), 30.v.1936, CNC352857 (1♀, CNC), Abbotsford, 20.v.1931, J.B. Maltais, CNC352856 (3♂ 3♀, CNC), SK: Christopher L., 27.viii.1948, A.R. Brooks, CNC352705, CNC352706 (2♀, CNC), Val Marie, 49°15'0"N, 107°44'0"W, 5.vi.1955, 9.vi.1955, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC352659, CNC352662, CNC352664, CNC352665, CNC352666, CNC352700, CNC352701, CNC352702, CNC352703, CNC352704, CNC352707 (5♂ 6♀, CNC), Grasslands National Park, Visitor’s Center grass cattle pasture, 49.246°N, 107.732°W, 812 m, J. Cossey, N. Jeffery, J. Straka, 14.vii.2008, 08BBDIP-2742 (1♂, CNC), Saskatoon, 12.vii.1940, 22.vii.1939, 25.v.1926, 25.viii.1923, 28.ix.1925, sf. wheat, A.P. Robinson, K.M. King, King, 13288; D679; ‘41, 1328B; D676; ‘41, 1328B; D677, 1328B; D678, 16410- 3N9B, 16423 1229B; D348, 16425 26BS5; D350, 63AN, D663, CNC352845, CNC352846, CNC352865, CNC352866, CNC352867, CNC352868, CNC352869, CNC352870, CNC352871 (2♂ 7♀, CNC), YT: Otter Lake, 1219 m, 15.vii.1960, J.E. H. Martin, CNC352694 (1♀, CNC). USA. AK: Anchorage, 18.vi.1951, 3.vii.1951, IDEMA Illustration, R.S. Bigelow, CNC352668, CNC352720 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), Fairbanks, 13.vi.1952, J.B. Bartley, CNC352669 (1♂, CNC), Mackenzie Delta, Reindeer Depot, 30.vi.1948, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC352661 (1♂, CNC), Umiat, 13.vii.1959, 24.vii.1959, 5.vii.1959, 6.vii.1959, 7.vii.1959, 7.viii.1959, 9.viii.1959, IDEMA Illustration, J.E.H. Martin, R. Madge, CNC352660, CNC352667, CNC352673, CNC352712, CNC352713, CNC352714, CNC352715, CNC352716, CNC352717, CNC352718, CNC352719 (3♂ 8♀, CNC), CO: Walden, 11.viii.1965, G.F. Knowlton (1♂, USNM), Doolittle Ranch, 9800', Mt. Evans, 9.vii.1961, C.H. Mann (1♂, USNM), Doolittle Ranch, Mt. Evans, 2987 m, 3.viii.1961, 9.vii.1961, C.H. Mann, CNC352670, CNC352708 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), Boulder, 5500', 5.vi.1961, B.H. Poole (1♀, USNM), Mt. Evans, 3535 m, 11.vii.1961, C.H. Mann, CNC352711 (1♀, CNC), Mt. Evans, 3566 m, 22.vii.1961, B.H. Poole, CNC352710 (1♀, CNC), Nederland, 2529 m, 5.vii.1961, J.G. Chillcott, CNC352672 (1♂, CNC), Jackson Co., Rabbit Ears Pass, 7.vii.1961, J.G. Chillcott, CNC352671, CNC352709 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), DC: Theo Roosevlt Id, 4.vi.1977, W.N. Mathis (1♂, USNM), MA: Boston, June (1♂ 1♀, USNM), Concord, 19.vii.1961, marsh, W.W. Wirth (2♂ 3♀, USNM), Forest Hills, 21.ix.1913, A.L. Melander (2♀, USNM), MD: Colesville, 4.vii.1976, W.W. Wirth (2♀, USNM), Colesville, 14.vi.1975, Malaise trap, W.W. Wirth (1♀, USNM), NC: Macon Co., Highlands, Lake Ravenel, 7.vi.1986, Malaise trap, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM), NY: Ithaca, 15.viii.1926, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Geneva, 28.v.1914, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Long Island, Cold Spring Harbor, A.L. Melander (1♂ 2♀, USNM), Allegany State park, 28.v-3.vi.1963, mossy woods, W.W. Wirth (1♀, USNM), PA: Mineral Spr., 5.ix.1927, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Chester Co., Avondale, Stroud Res. Ctr., 28.ix.2006, K. Styer (1♀, UDCC), SC: Black Falls, 7.viii.1953, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM).
See comments for Agromyza aprilina.
Agromyza ambrosivora
Spencer, 1969: 35.
Wing length 2.3–2.7 mm (♂), 2.7–3.9 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.5–0.7. Eye height divided by gena height: 2.9–3.6. First flagellomere slightly longer than wide with apex broadly rounded; without tuft of pale hairs. Fronto-orbital plate and parafacial slightly projecting. Ocellar triangle broadly rounded and short, not extending much past ocelli. Buccal cavity subquadrate with anteromedial margin emarginate.
Chaetotaxy : Four or five thinner ori with anterior seta sometimes shorter; one ors. Four postsutural dorsocentrals, decreasing in length anteriorly. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae. Female sometimes with strong additional seta between acrostichal seta and posterior dorsocentral.
Colouration : Body predominantly brown, halter white. Gena (excluding ventral margin), parafacial and frons (excluding posterolateral corner, posterior margin and ocellar triangle) light brownish orange. Scape and pedicel yellow; first flagellomere orange with distal 1/2–2/3 brownish. Lunule orange with yellowish pilosity. Face brown. Palpus and clypeus dark brown. Tarsi yellow (slightly darker on posterior legs), fore tibia light brown and knees narrowly yellow. Calypter margin and hairs white. Female with frons darker (sometimes entirely brown or with anterior margin lighter), gena darker and fore tibia darker medially.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Variation : Female from CA differs as follows: wing length 4.1 mm; anterior (of four) ori small; only three dorsocentrals; eye height divided by gena height 2.5; tibiae yellow to base and apex; gena mostly pale.
Asteraceae – Artemisia (?), Ambrosia artemisiifolia, A. trifida and probably A. douglasiana (
Canada: ON. USA: CA, CO, MA, MD, NY, PA, VA*.
Holotype: Canada. ON: Pelee, em. 31.vii from leaf-mines on Ambrosia artemisifolia, leg. 8.vii.1967, CNC352722 (1♂ [with puparium], CNC).
Paratypes: Canada. ON: Pelee, K.A. Spencer, mine Ambrosia artemisifolia, 15.vii.1967, em. 1–10.viii.1967, CNC352723-CNC352744 (10♂ [5 with puparia], 12♀ [8 with puparia], CNC).
Canada. ON: Belleville, P. Harris, vii.1969, em. 22.ix.1969, CNC352721 (1♀ [with puparium], CNC), Ottawa, damp second-growth Acer-Betula woods, 8.viii.1993, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC353060 (1♂, CNC). USA. CA: Carbon Canyon, 14.vi.1977, on Artemesia d. (1♀, USNM), CO: Chaffee Co., Poncha Springs, South Arkansas River, 8.vii.2015, C.S. Eiseman, Helianthus, em. 28.vii-1.viii.2015, #CSE1872, CNC654328–654332 (1♂ 4♀, CNC), MA: Worcester Co., Sturbridge, Leadmine Rd., 6.vii.2013, em. 20.vii.2013, C.S. Eiseman, ex Ambrosia artemisiifolia, #CSE725, CNC392679, CNC392680 (2♀, CNC), MD: Plummers Isl., 30.v.1913, R.C. Shannon (1♀, USNM), College Park, 7.vii.1935, C.T. Greene (1♂, USNM), Pr. William Co., Woodbridge, 26.vii.1968, J.W. Adams (1♂, USNM), Montgomery Co., Colesville, 26.vi.1977, Malaise trap, W.W. Wirth (2♂, USNM), 30.vi.1977 (1♂, USNM), Colesville, W.W. Wirth, 4.vii.1976 (2♀, USNM), 11.vii.1974 (2♂, USNM), 24.vii.1974 (1♂, USNM), 28.vii.1976 (2♂, USNM), 1.viii.1976 (2♂, USNM), 4mi SW of Ashton, 1.ix.1981, Malaise trap, G.F. and J.F. Hevel (1♀, USNM), Bethseda, G. Steyskal, 6.vii.1970 (2♂, USNM), 7.vii.1970 (1♂, USNM), Allegeny Co., Little Orleans, Little Orleans campground, 4.vi.1999, sweeping, C.R. Bartlett (1♂, UDCC), nr. West Mifflin, Coal Valley Rd. #2, 5.vii.1997, sweeping, C.R. Bartlett (1♀, UDCC), PA: Chester Co., Pottstown, Warwick County Park, 10.viii.2014, ex. Ambrosia trifida, em. 2.ix.2014, C.S. Eiseman, #CSE1371, CNC384846 (1♀, CNC), VA: Great Falls, 21.vi.1931, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Alexandria, “viii-5”, J.M. Aldrich (1♀, USNM), Fairfax Co., Turkey Run Park, nr. mouth of Turkey Run, 38°57.9'N, 7°09.4'W, Malaise trap, 18–30.v.2007, D.R. Smith (1♀, USNM), Turkey Run Park, 0.3 km W mouth Turkey Run, 38°58'N, 77°09.6'W, Malaise trap, D.R. Smith, river 14–17.v.2006 (1♂, USNM), river trap, 17–24.v.2006 (2♀, USNM), Great Falls Park, swamp trail, 38°59.4'N, 77°15.2'W, Malaise trap, trap #2, 18.iv.2.v.2007, D.R. Smith (1♀, USNM).
Agromyza ambrosivora is an easily recognised species with one pronounced ors and four or five thinner ori. The phallus forms a long, dark bifid tubule, which is very similar to that found in A. virginiensis (Fig.
Agromyza abiens var. Apfelbecki Strobl, 1902: 504.
Agromyza andalusiaca
Strobl, 1906: 380.
Agromyza Apfelbecki.
Agromyza apfelbecki.
Wing length 4.0–4.1 mm (♂), 4.4–4.8 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.4–0.7. Eye height divided by gena height: 2.1–2.4. Ocellar triangle small and rounded. First flagellomere small and rounded; without apical tuft of pale hairs. Fronto-orbital plate slightly projecting and parafacial strongly projecting, partially to strongly continuing under eye as cheek. Wing slightly pointed apically with apex between M1 and R4+5. Thorax with light to dense grey pruinosity.
Chaetotaxy : Three to seven ori (two in Spanish female); two ors. Six or seven dorsocentrals, two or three presutural, decreasing in size anteriorly. Mid tibia without posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body mostly dark brown. Head yellow with back of head, occiput, clypeus, mentum and ventral margin of gena dark brown, distal 2/3 of first flagellomere brownish, venter of face light brown and frons slightly darker anteriorly. Knees yellowish orange; tibiae and tarsi paler than femora with tibiae slightly darker medially. Scutum with nearly imperceptible metallic green shine in VA female. Calypter margin and hairs white to dark brown. Halter white, rarely with small lateral spot and ventral margin of knob brown (VA female). Abdomen dark brown with indistinct (VA) or strong coating of grey pruinosity, except on brownish orange male terminalia (sometimes with dark dorsomedial spot on epandrium). European specimens often with fronto-orbital plate, face, apex of palpus, parafacial and ring under eye mostly dark, tibiae often yellowish or more orange on distal 1/3, and epistoma usually larger.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Asteraceae – Carduus, Cirsium, Cynara (
USA: VA*. France, Italy, Malta, Germany, Spain, Croatia (
Syntypes [Apfelbecki]: Yugoslavia. Zadar (♂♀, coll. Strobl). [Not examined]
Syntypes [andalusiaca]: Spain. “Southern Spain” [= Algreciras?] (?, coll. Strobl). [Not examined]
France. Perpignan, 10.x.1959, mine Cynara carduuculus, em. 24.v.1959, K.A. Spencer, CNC352745 (1♂ [with puparium], CNC). Germany[?]. “Agrom. Apfelbecki Str., det. Hendel” (1♀, USNM). Spain. Barcelona, “prat”, 27.iii.1960, K.A. Spencer (1♀, USNM), CNC352746 (1♀, CNC), En Alcachofe, La Cruz, Valpo, Nac. 5.ix.1959, N. Hichins (5♂ 2♀ 1?, USNM). USA. VA: Fairfax Co., Turkey Run Park, 0.3 km W mouth Turkey Run, 38°58'N, 77°09.6'W, Malaise trap, 29.iii-25.iv.2007, D.R. Smith (1♀, USNM).
While difficult to differentiate from a number of Palaearctic taxa, Agromyza apfelbecki is quite distinct from Nearctic Agromyza because it is exceptionally large (wing length at least 4.0 mm), there are numerous dorsocentrals (at least six), the epistoma is large and pronounced, the head is predominantly pale (including the palpus and face) and the halter is sometimes maculated. Agromyza apfelbecki is one of only three Agromyza known to feed on Asteraceae, and is distributed primarily around the Mediterranean where it often occurs on globe artichoke (Spencer, 1990).
The above Virginia record is the first known occurrence of this species in the Nearctic, where it was likely introduced accidentally on its host plant. As discussed by
Agromyza aprilina
Malloch, 1915c: 359.
Wing length 2.2–2.5 mm (♂), 2.5–3.2 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6–0.8. Eye height divided by gena height: 2.2–3.4. First flagellomere slightly longer than high with rounded dorsoapical point (pronounced to relatively indistinct), without apical tuft of pale hairs. Fronto-orbital plate and parafacial projecting (more so anteriorly), continuing under eye as cheek. Ocellar triangle longer than wide and subshiny. Costa extending slightly past R4+5. Smaller females with vein dm-m incomplete.
Chaetotaxy : Two ori; three ors (or vice versa), sometimes appearing as four ori and one ors. One presutural dorsocentral and three or four postsutural dorsocentrals, decreasing in length anteriorly. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body dark brown with halter white and gena and frons (aside from fronto-orbital plate and ocellar triangle) reddish, fore knee yellow and tarsi dirty yellow. Calypter margin and hairs white. Female from “Turkey Run, headquarters” with light green metallic shine on thorax, abdomen and pleuron (faintest).
Genitalia
: (Figs
Unknown.
Canada: AB, BC, MB, NB*, ON, QC, SK, YT*. USA: IL, MD*, NC*, NH, VA*.
Lectotype: USA. IL: Cottonwood Grove, Urbana, 16–20.iv.1915 (1♀, INHS). [Not examined]
USA. IL: Urbana, 20.iv.1915, Cottonwood, CNC352757, Type No. 2725 (1♀, CNC).
Canada. AB: Banff, C.B.D. Garrett, 8.vi.1922, CNC352760 (1♀, CNC), MB: Ninette, J.F. McAlpine, 21.v.1958, CNC352778 (1♀, CNC), 9.v.1958, CNC352755 (1♂, CNC), R.B. Madge, 9.v.1958, CNC352776 (1♀, CNC), Shilo, 5mi SW, J.F. McAlpine, 28.v.1958, CNC352777 (1♀, CNC), NB: Kouchibouguac N.P., Hanley and Cooper, 23.v.1977, Code-5113Q, CNC352754, CNC352774, CNC352775 (1♂,2♀, CNC), W.P. Hanley, 20.v.1977, Code-5098B, CNC352753 (1♂, CNC), ON: Bell’s Cor[ner]., J.F. McAlpine, 8.v.1951, CNC352766 (1♀, CNC), Marmora, J.F. McAlpine, 23.iv.1952, CNC352751, CNC352768, CNC352769 (1♂ 2♀, CNC), 24.iv.1952, CNC352752, CNC352767 (1♂,1♀, CNC), 25.iv.1952, CNC352772 (1♀, CNC), 28.iv.1952, CNC352770 (1♀, CNC), 29.iv.1952, CNC352773 (1♀, CNC), 9.v.1952, CNC352771 (1♀, CNC), Maynooth, J.F. McAlpine, 24.v.1951, CNC352764 (1♀, CNC), Metcalfe, B.E. Cooper, 14.v.1983, CNC353020, CNC353022 (2♂, CNC), 25.v.1983, CNC353021, CNC353024 (2♂, CNC), 27.iv.1983, CNC353019, CNC353025, CNC353026 (3♂, CNC), 3.v.1983, CNC353027 (1♂, CNC), 30.iv.1983, CNC353018, CNC353023 (2♂, CNC), 7.v.1994, CNC353028–353031 (4♂, CNC), Ottawa, 28.iv.1955, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC352765 (1♀, CNC), Woodroffe, J.G. Chillcott, 30.iv.1952, CNC352763 (1♀, CNC), QC: Abbotsford, G.E. Shewell, 27.iv.1936, CNC352747, CNC352748, CNC352750, CNC352758 (3♂,1♀, CNC), 27.iv.1966, CNC352749 (1♂, CNC), Shewell, 15.v.1936, CNC352759 (1♀, CNC), SK: Saskatoon, A.R. Brooks, 28.iv.1949, CNC352756 (1♂, CNC), 9.v.1949, CNC352762 (1♀, CNC), YT: Dawson, 14 mi E, P.J. Skitsko, 6.viii.1962, 396 m, CNC352761 (1♀, CNC). USA. MD: Montgomery Co., Plummers Island, 38°58'N, 77°10'W, Malaise trap, lower trap, 30.iii-22.iv.2006, D.R. Smith and J.W. Brown (1♀, USNM), Cabin John Bridge, 23.iv.1914, R.C. Shannon (1♂, USNM), Plummers Isl., R.C. Shannon, 8.iv.1914 (4♂ 3♀, USNM; 2♂ 2♀, CNC), 12.iv.1914 (1♂, USNM), 5.iv.1914 (1♂, USNM), 3.iv.1914 (1♂ 1♀, USNM), Plummers Island, Rock Run, 25.iii.1914, R.C. Shannon (1♂, USNM), nr. Plummers Isl., 28.iii.1915, R.C. Shannon (2♂, USNM), NC: Smokies, Andrews Bald, 9.vii.1914, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), VA: Fairfax Co., Turkey Run Park, nr. mouth of Turkey Run, 38°57.9'N, 7°09.4'W, Malaise trap, 29.iii-25.iv.2007, D.R. Smith (4♂ 1♀, USNM), Turkey Run Park, nr. headquarters bldg. 38°57.7'N, 77°08.9'W, Malaise trap, 29.iii-17.iv.2007, D.R. Smith (1♀, USNM), Great Falls Park, swamp trail, 38°59.4'N, 77°15.2'W, Malaise trap, trap #1, 18.iv-2.v.2007, D.R. Smith (1♀, USNM).
The surstylus and epandrium of Agromyza aprilina are characteristic, readily differentiating it from similar species. In the Delmarva states it can be most easily confused for the relatively common A. albipennis, but the ventral margin of the first flagellomere is flatter in this latter species, there are four fronto-orbitals (not five), the parafacial is not as pronounced, the setae are darker and the costa extends to vein M1+2. The shape of the basiphallus and distiphallus also differ (see Figs
Agromyza aprilina can also be potentially mistaken for Agromyza nigripes Meigen, but the latter has darker tarsi, the costa ends at vein M1+2, and the male genitalia (based on the dissection of Welsh male in the USNM) are much stouter with slight differences in the shape of the basiphallus and distiphallus. The species A. ambigua Fallén (North America, Europe), A. kincaidi Malloch (North America; Figs
Agromyza aristata
Malloch, 1915b: 13. Frick 1957: 199;
Phytagromyza aristata.
Agromyza ulmi
Frost, 1924: 54.
Agromyza marmorensis Spencer, 1969: 48. Syn. nov.
(Fig.
Chaetotaxy : Two ori; two ors. Ocellar seta thinner than postocellar, and sometimes shorter, but never reaching 1/2 length. Three postsutural dorsocentrals, decreasing in length anteriorly; possibly two more anteriorly that are not much longer than surrounding setulae. Acrostichal seta not much longer than surrounding setulae. Four scattered rows of acrostichal setulae. Mid tibia without posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Head predominantly light yellow; first flagellomere yellow; back of head brown above foramen and with grey pruinosity dorsally; ocellar triangle dark brown; posterolateral corner and posterior margin of frons brownish, with spot extending laterally to just behind level of anterior ors; clypeus light brown; face white. Thorax dark brown, covered with grey pruinosity, halter white. Calypter margin and hairs white to yellow. Legs yellow with mid and hind coxae brown, at least in part. Abdomen dark brown; epandrium yellow or with orange to brown tint with dark brown dorsal spot; if epandrium yellow, sternite 8 sometimes also yellow with medial spot.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Cannabaceae – Celtis laevigata, C. occidentalis, C. pallida (leaf mine only); Ulmaceae – Ulmus alata (leaf mine only), U. americana, U. rubra (
Canada: AB, NB*, ON, QC*. USA: IL, IN, IA, KS*, MI*, NY, OH, PA, VA, VT; known from leaf mines in AL, AR, CO, CT, FL, GA, MA, MD, MN, ND, NJ, TN, TX, WI.
Holotype [aristata]: USA. IL: Havana, Gleason’s Sand Dune, 30.iv.1914, C.A. Hart and J.R. Malloch (HT ♀, INHS). [Not examined]
[aristata]: USA. IL: St. Joseph, Salt Fork, 3.v.1914, Type No. 2726, CNC352790 (1♀, CNC), PA: Arendtsville, 27.iv.1923, S.W. Frost (3♂, USNM).
Syntype [ulmi]: USA. PA: Arendtsville, 22.iv.1923, S.W. Frost (1♂, USNM; type No. 50033).
Holotype [marmorensis]: Canada. ON: Marmora, 7.v.1952, J.R. Vockeroth (HT ♂, CNC).
Canada. AB: Onefour, on wild cherry blossom, 2.vi.1956, O. Peck, CNC353069, CNC353072, CNC352809 (2♂,1♀, CNC), NB: Curventon, 19.v.1959, W.W. Moss, C-2, CNC352810 (1♀, CNC), ON: Almonte, 18.v.1951, J.F. McAlpine, CNC352788, CNC352803–352806 (1♂,4♀, CNC), Marmora, 16.v.1952, J.C. Mitchell, CNC352786 (1♂, CNC), 30.iv.1952, J.F. McAlpine, CNC352802 (1♀, CNC), Marmora, 28.iv.1952, J.F. McAlpine, CNC352787 (1♂, CNC), Metcalfe, 14.v.1994, B.E. Cooper, CNC353066 (1♂, CNC), 17.v.1994, CNC353067 (1♂, CNC), 7.v.1994, CNC353068 (1♂, CNC), Midland, swampy wood, 26.v.1959, J.G. Chillcott, CNC353071 (1♂, CNC), Nippising, 27.ii.1959, #83, S58-1-1381-01, CNC352779 (1♂, CNC), Ottawa nr. Uplands Airport, 22.v.1990, J.M. Cumming, CNC353064 (1♂, CNC), Ottawa, damp second-growth Acer-Betula wood, 1.vi.1995, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC353063 (1♂, CNC), 28.v.1995, CNC353070 (1♂, CNC), at sap on Acer stump, 10.v.1991, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC353062 (1♂, CNC), bleeding elm, 22.v.1952, J.F. McAlpine, CNC352791 (1♀, CNC), 28.v.1951, J.F. McAlpine, CNC352794 (1♀, CNC), 5.v.1952, B. Hartley, CNC352783 (1♂, CNC), J.G. Chillcott, CNC352783–352795, CNC352780, CNC352792 (2♂,3♀, CNC), 8.v.1952, J. Chillcott, CNC352782, CNC352785, CNC352796–352800 (2♂,5♀, CNC), Pt. Pelee, 3.vi.1929, G.S. Walley, CNC352801 (1♀, CNC), QC: Hemmingford, 10.v.1931, J.B. Maltais, CNC352807 (1♀, CNC), Old Chelsea, 8.v.1938, G.E. Shewell, CNC352808 (1♀, CNC). USA. IL: White Heath, 30.iv.1916 (1♀, USNM), Champaign, 28.iv.1953, J.F. McAlpine, CNC352789 (1♂, CNC), IN: Lafayette, J.M. Aldrich, 4.v.1916 (1♂, USNM), 11.v.1916 (1♀, USNM), KS: Manhattan, C.W. Sabrosky, 27.iv.1934 (1♀, USNM), 17.vi.1934 (1♀, USNM), Lawrence, Nat. Hist. Res., 27.iii.1954, J.G. Chillcott, CNC352781 (1♂, CNC), 28.v.1956, J.G. Chillcott, CNC352811–352818 (8♀, CNC), MI: Detroit, 24.v.1935, G. Steyskal (1♂, USNM), E Lansing, C. Sabrosky, 2.vi.1934 (1♀, USNM), 29.iv.1942 (1♀, USNM), NC: Scotland Co., Laurinburg, St. Andrews University, 18.iv.2017, T.S. Feldman, Celtis laevigata, em. ~17.iv.2018, #CSE4418, CNC1144090 (1♀, CNC), OK: Payne Co., Mehan, 36.014339°N, 96.996744°W, 5.iv.2016, em. by 11.iv.2017, M.W. Palmer, ex Ulmus rubra, #CSE3448, CNC939912 (1♂, CNC), VA: Chain Bridge, 23.iv.1922, J.R. Malloch (1♀, USNM), Fairfax Co., Great Falls Park, quarry, 38°59.1'N, 77°14.8'W, Malaise trap, D.R. Smith, 18–23.iv.2007 (2♀, USNM), 13–24.v.2007 (1♀, USNM), VT: USA. Vermont: Chittenden Co., South Burlington, Winooski Gorge, 16.v.2015, C.S. Eiseman, Ulmus rubra, em. 24.iii-6.iv.2016, #CSE2264, CNC654497–654499 (3♀, CNC).
The dissected paratype of Agromyza aristata discussed by
The new records for NB, QC, MI and KS represent new adult records, but these were previously suspected from leaf mines (
Agromyza bispinata
Spencer, 1969: 39.
(Figs
Chaetotaxy : Two ori; two ors. Three dorsocentrals, decreasing in length anteriorly with anterior seta not much longer than surrounding setulae. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body primarily dark brown with halter white. Base of first flagellomere and distal margin of pedicel orange; orange region sometimes either extending to basal 1/3 of first flagellomere or strongly reduced (particularly if spines on surstylus reduced). Gena sometimes paler, excluding ventral margin. Calypter white with margin sometimes yellowish or slightly brown, and hairs light brown. Base of fore tibia paler or segment paler overall. Tarsi yellow to orange-brown.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Variation
: Phallus sometimes elongate with pronounced medial section with densely spinulose inner surface and elongate medial membranous projection on right sclerite of mesophallus (Fig.
Poaceae – Elymus hystrix (
Canada: ON, MB*. USA: CT*, GA, IA, MD, NC, NH*, NY, PA*, UT, VA, WV*.
Holotype: Canada. ON: Simcoe, 5.vi.1939, G.S. Steyskal (1♂, CNC).
Paratypes : Canada. ON: Midland, 20.vii.1955, J.G. Chillcott, CNC352821 (1♂, CNC), Pt. Ryerse, 1.vi.1939, G.E. Shewell, CNC352822, (1♂, CNC), Simcoe, 5.vi.1939, G.E. Shewell, CNC352819 (1♂, CNC).
Canada. MB: Ninette, 28.vii.1958, “sq. fringe darker spines on surs. larger aed. larger”, J.G. Chillcott, CNC352820 (1♂, CNC). USA. CT: Redding, 11.vi.1929, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Rabin Co., 13.vii.1957, W.R. Richards, CNC352824 (1♂, CNC), IA: Winneshiek Co., 43°25'55.97"N, 92°0'34.78"W, 16.vii.2015, C.S. Eiseman, Elymus hystrix em. 7.viii.2015 , #CSE1973, CNC564662 (1♂, CNC), MD: Bethseda, 30.v.1980, G.C. Steyskal, swept ex. Viola papilionaceae (2♂, USNM), Bethseda, 14.v.1981, G.C. Steyskal (1♂, USNM), 11.viii.1981 (1♂, USNM), 14.viii.1981 (2♂, USNM), 16.viii.1981 (1♂, USNM), 1.viii.1981 (3♂, USNM), 17.v.1969 (1♂, USNM), 7.viii.1981 (2♂, USNM), 13.ix.1981 (1♂, USNM), 27.v.1972 (1♂, USNM), Plummers Isl., 19.vi.1913, R.C. Shannon (1♂, USNM), Montgomery Co., Dickerson, 14.vii1974, G.A. Foster (13♂, USNM), 4mi SW of Ashton, G.F. and J.F. Hevel, 16.viii.1986 (1♂, USNM), 24.vii.1982 (1♂, USNM), 27.viii.1981 (1♂, USNM), Cabin John, 20.vi.1931, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), NC: Macon Co., Wayah Gap, 3800', 29.vii.1957, J.G. Chillcott (1♂, USNM), Jackson Co., Cherokee, 609 m, 25.vii.1957, CNC352823 (1♂, CNC), NH: Bretton Wda, 1.vii.1936, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), PA: Allegeny Co., Little Orleans, Little Orleans campground, 6.vi.1998, sweeping, C.R. Bartlett (1♂, UDCC), VA: Falls Church, Holmes Run, 26.vi.1961, light trap, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM), Shenandoah, Big. Meadows, A.L. Melander, 1.vii.1939 (1♂, USNM), 2.vii.1939 (2♂, USNM), 5.vii.1939 (1♂, USNM), Great Falls, 9.vii.1926, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Glencarlyn, 2.vi.1925, J.R. Malloch (1♂, USNM), Fairfax Co., Dead Run, 22.vi.1916, R.C. Shannon (1♂, USNM), Fairfax Co., Turkey Run Park, nr. mouth of Turkey Run, 38°57.9'N, 7°09.4'W, Malaise trap, 18–30.v.2007, D.R. Smith (1♂, USNM), WV: Parkersburg, 21.vi.1970, G. Steyskal (1♂, USNM), Morgan Co., nr. Great Cacapon, 1.ix.1984, G.F. and J.F. Hevel (1♂, USNM), Hardy Co., Lost River St. Pk., 1–14.viii.1960, K.V. Krombein (1♂, USNM).
USA. CT: Colebrook, 28.viii.1941, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM), MD: Coleville, W.W. Wirth, 21.v.1977 (1♀, USNM), 11.v.1977 (1♀, USNM), NC: Macon Co., Wayah Bald, 1066 m, 13.vii.1957, W.R. Richards, CNC352828 (1♀, CNC), Macon Co., Wayah Gap, 16.vii.1957, J.G. Chillcott, CNC352827 (1♀, CNC), NH: Franconia Notch, 8.vii.1931, J.M. Aldrich (1♀, USNM), NY: Ithaca, 31.v.1914, A.L. Melander (3♀, USNM), TN: Smokies, Chimneys, 25.vi.1941, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM), VA: Falls Church, 18.vii.1960, W.W. Wirth (1♀, USNM), Shenandoah, Big Meadows, A.L. Melander, 3.vii.1939 (1♀, USNM), 2.vii.1929 (1♀, USNM), Shenandoah, Lewis falls, 3.vii.1939, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM), Fairfax Co., Dead Run, 28.vii.1915, R.C. Shannon (1♀, USNM), Shenandoah Co., Mt. Jackson, 25.v.1962, J.G. Chillcott, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC352825, CNC352826 (2♀, CNC).
Agromyza bispinata belongs to a complex of species defined by an enlarged and long-haired male first flagellomere, whose species appear to be separable only on the basis of male genitalic morphology. The females of these species, which are currently indistinguishable from one another, differ from the males in having an elongate oval first flagellomere with the long pale hairs restricted to the distal margin; the examined females are listed in the material examined section for this species. The sparse, long hairs on the first flagellomere of these species (Figs
Agromyza canadensis
Malloch, 1913: 299.
(Figs
Chaetotaxy : Three or two ori; two ors. Five dorsocentrals (sometimes small fifth seta indistinct), decreasing in size anteriorly. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Setae brown. Body predominantly brown with yellowish tint or yellow with brownish tint, with thorax darker and halter white. First flagellomere dark brown to brown and scape and pedicel yellow to brownish; face and lunule dirty yellow in ON specimens; gena (excluding ventral margin), parafacial (excluding inner margin) and anterior margin of postgena light brown in female; postpronotum and notopleuron yellowish in part; lateral and sometimes apical margins of scutellum and postsutural scutum yellow in females and some males. Pleuron paler brown with venter darker and posterior region yellowish; metanotum yellow with brown mottling and dark brown mediotergite; males sometimes darker. Calypter margin and hairs white. Legs yellow with faint brownish tint; tarsi sometimes paler and femora sometimes slightly darker. Abdomen brownish yellow, paler in female with dorsum sometimes brownish and oviscape brown.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Boraginaceae – Cynoglossum, Mertensia (
Canada: ON, QC*. USA: CA, VA*.
Holotype: Canada. ON: Cottage Beaulieu, Beaulieu, 14.viii.1906 (1♀, USNM).
Canada. ON: Hawkeston, 28.vi.1927, C.H. Curran, CNC353079 (1♂, CNC); Mer Bleu[e], 5mi E Ottawa, 9.vi.1966, D.D. Munroe, CNC353082 (1♂, CNC), Ottawa, Montfort Hosp., 17.vii.1993, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC353074 (1♂, CNC), Ottawa, 18.viii.1924, G.S. Walley, CNC353081 (1♀, CNC), damp second-growth Acer-Betula woods, 17.viii.2000, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC353075 (1♀, CNC), 30.v.1958, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC353078 (1♂, CNC), 30.vi.1958, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC353080 (1♂, CNC); damp second-growth Acer-Betula woods, 6.viii.1996, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC353073 (1♂, CNC), QC: Burnett, 13.viii.1977, J. O’Hara, CNC353076 (1♀, CNC), Old Chelsea, 11.vi.1959, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC353077 (1♀, CNC). USA. VA: nr. Plummers Island, 20.v.1914, R.C. Shannon (1♂, USNM), Giles Co., Ripplemead, White Riverbend Pk., 37°19'N, 80°41'W, 9.v.2006, S.A. Marshall (1♀, DEBU), Fairfax Co., Great Falls Park, quarry, 38°59.1'N, 77°14.8'W, Malaise trap, D.R. Smith, 24.iv-2.v.2007 (4♀, USNM), 3–10.v.2007 (12♀, USNM).
Agromyza canadensis is highly similar to the Palaearctic A. pseudorufipes Nowakowski, especially with regards to the derived structure of the phallus. It is also a borage feeder on Myosotis, Podonosma and Trigonotis (
Cecidomyiaceltis deserta
Patton, 1897: 247.
Agromyza deserta.
(von Tschirnhaus 2017: figs 6–9). Wing length 3.4 mm (♂). Female unknown. Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.4. Eye height divided by gena height: 4.5. Ocellar triangle not much larger than tubercle. Orbital plate narrow, inner margin weakly defined. Epistoma present, margin straight, as long as width of first flagellomere. Ventral margin of gena relatively straight, shallow anteriorly and deep posteriorly. Scutum densely matt. Costa extending to M1. Tibiae without medial setae
Chaetotaxy : Ocellar and postvertical setae strong. Two ori (three ori on right side), decreasing in length anteriorly; two ors. Minute interfrontals anteromedially on frons. Four dorsocentral setae on left side, five on right, decreasing in length anteriorly. Acrostichal seta strong. Acrostichal setulae in six irregular rows. Two or three anepisternal setae, four or five katepisternals.
Colouration : Setae dark brown. Mostly dark brown. Face, parafacial, gena and postgena (to point above midpoint of eye) and mouthparts yellowish white with dark brown line along venter of gena; lunule and antenna pale yellow with arista brown; frons light yellow with brownish/orange tint, with ocellar triangle and posterolateral corner of frons dark brown, faded brownish region around ocellar triangle, with brownish stripe along orbital plate almost to base of posterior ori, becoming indistinct anteriorly. Apices of femora and bases of tibiae narrowly yellow. Halter white with stem faintly brownish anteriorly. Calypter margin and hairs brown.
Genitalia : (von Tschirnhaus 2017: figs 1–3, 5) Cercus large, bent on outer margin and straight on inner; inner-distal surface with numerous pointed tubercle-like setae. Surstylus fused to epandrium, indistinct, without tubercle-like setae. Hypandrium subtriangular; apex rounded with narrow, pointed apodeme that may be 2 × as long as wide; inner lobe with basal section narrowing to point of attachment to thicker, angled distal section bearing row of several sockets, one of which has a moderately long seta. Postgonite with minute setulae in irregular double row; shape presumably similar to that of A. aristata. Phallophorus narrow, width < 1/3 length. Basiphallus dorsally fused to phallophorus on narrow dorsal/left lateral sclerite, which is apically truncated; right lateral sclerite much narrower, but as long as left sclerite. Paraphallus and hypophallus absent. Ejaculatory duct becoming broader along length of basiphallus, thick along mesophallus. Mesophallus a single band-like ventral sclerite partially fused to distiphallus; nearly as long as basiphallus, strongly curved to form a shallow semicircle. Distiphallus very shallow, band-like, and ventrally curved, obliquely angled. Ejaculatory apodeme unknown.
Cannabaceae – Celtis occidentalis (
USA: CT, NY, WV.
Holotype: USA. CT: Orange, gall on twig of Celtis occidentalis, W.H. Patton. [1 gall, Lost]
USA. WV: Morgan County ca. 6 mi NW Hedgesville, 39°37'N, 78°03'W, ex twig swelling gall Celtis occidentalis, coll. 6-v-1998, em. 15-iii-1999, R. J. Gagné (1♂, USNM). [not examined]
The adult of this species was thoroughly described in
Agromyza diversa
Johnson, 1922: 26. Frick 1953: 58;
Liriomyza diversa.
Wing length 2.9–3.3 mm (♂), 2.9–3.8 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6–0.8. Eye height divided by gena height: 6.1–-9.7. First flagellomere sometimes slightly longer than high; with teardrop-shaped tuft of pale hairs at apex.
Chaetotaxy : Two ori; two ors. Three or four dorsocentrals, decreasing in length anteriorly. Mid tibia with two or three posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Setae black. Body yellow, except as follows: head mostly dark brownish with yellow tint, with mouthparts light yellow, lunule yellow, fronto-orbital plate (narrow) sometimes yellowish to yellow, gena (excluding ventral margin) and face light brown, and ocellar tubercle sometimes yellowish around base of ocellar and postocellar setae; postpronotum, notopleuron and scutellum pale yellow/whitish; halter white; female with oviscape dark brown and face yellow. Calypter margin and hairs white.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Urticaceae – Laportea canadensis.
Canada: ON. USA: IA, IL, IN, IN, MA, MD*, NC, NY, OH, TN, VA, VT.
Holotype: USA. MA: Chester, 7.viii.1912, C.W. Johnson (1♀, MCZ).
USA. IN: Lafayette, viii.1912, J.M. Aldrich, Paratype No. 50034 U.S.N.M. / CNC Type No. 16287, CNC352872 (1♀, CNC).
Canada. ON: Simcoe, 26.vi.1939, G.E. Shewell, CNC352873 (1♀, CNC). USA. OH: Delaware Co., Sunbury, Monkey Hollow Rd., 13–15.ix.2014, ex. Laportea canadensis, em. 16–24.x.2014, C.S. Eiseman, #CSE1432, CNC384847, CNC384848 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), IA: Ames, Pammel Woods, W.H. Robinson, 24.vi.1970 (2♂, USNM), 9.viii.1969 (1♂, USNM), 19.vi.1970 (1♂, USNM), Ames, Pammel Woods, 11.vi.1970, R.M. Miller (1♀, USNM), Ames, 1.viii.1969, W.H. Robinson (1♂, USNM), Allamakee Co., 3mi ESE Waterville, 43°11.0'N, 91°14.1'W, 2.viii.1960, J. Laffoon (1♂, USNM), Boone Co., Ledges State Park, 14.vii.1971, R.M. Miller (1♀, USNM), IL: University of Illinois Woods, 2.vii.1945, “X 526” (1♂, USNM), 15.vii.1945, “X 527” (1♂, USNM), MD: Montgomery Co., Dickerson, 14.vii.1974, G. Foster (1♂, USNM), OH: Delaware Co., Sunbury, Monkey Hollow Rd., 13–15.ix.2014, em. 16–24.x.2014, C.S. Eiseman, ex Laportea canadensis, #CSE1432, CNC384847, CNC384848 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), NC: Graham Co., Poplar Cove, 2500', 35°21.3'N, 83°56.1'W, 20.vi.1958, J. Laffoon (1♀, USNM), NY: Ithaca, 15.vi.1932 (1♀, USNM), TN: Davidson Co., Nashville, West Meade Waterfall (36.094655, -86.913252), 21.viii.2017, em. 15–17.ix.2017, C.S. Eiseman, ex Laportea canadensis, #CSE4273, CNC939958–939960 (1♂ 2♀, CNC), VA: Fairfax Co., Dead Run, 28.vii.1915, R.C. Shannon (1♀, USNM).
Externally as described for A. bispinata except as follows: Wing length 2.5–2.6 mm (♂). Female unknown. Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6. Eye height divided by gena height: 4.2. First flagellomere always enlarged in male, broadly ovate, slightly longer than high and covered with long hairs past base. Additional ori sometimes present on one side of frons. Wing veins yellow. Antenna orange with brownish tint, mostly brownish past base of first flagellomere; frons tinted with orange; fore tibia yellow with centre brownish.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Unknown.
USA: MD, TN, VA.
Gr., referring to the characteristic spiny surstylus.
Holotype: USA. TN: Clarksville, 13.v.1936, E.W. Howe (1♂, USNM).
Paratypes: USA. MD: nr. Plummers Isl., 6.vi.1914, R.C. Shannon (1♂, CNC), VA: Fairfax Co., Dead Run, 19.vi.1915, R.C. Shannon (1♂, USNM).
The heavily spinulose surstylus of Agromyza echinalis is the primary defining feature that distinguishes it from other species with an enlarged first flagellomere. As in A. tacita (Figs
Agromyza fission Eiseman & Lonsdale, 2018: 9.
(from
Chaetotaxy : Two ori; two ors. Three strong dorsocentrals, anterior seta 2/3 length of second. Mid tibia without posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Setae black. Body mostly dark brown. Head yellowish orange with first flagellomere infuscated on distal 2/3, back of head and occiput dark brown, frons dark brown behind level of hind fronto-orbital, face white and clypeus brown to dark brown. Calypter margin and hairs brown. Halter white. Tarsi, base of fore tibia and apex of fore femur yellow.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Cannabaceae – Celtis occidentalis (
USA: IA, MD, OK, WI.
Holotype. IA: Allamakee Co., Red Oak Prairie (43°14'13.43"N, 91°7'8.58"W), 16.vii.2015, em. 2.viii.2015, C.S. Eiseman, ex Celtis occidentalis, #CSE1925, CNC564711 (1♂, CNC).
Paratypes. IA: same collection as holotype, CNC564712 (1♂, CNC), MD: Plummers Isl., 23.v.1914, R.C. Shannon (1♂, USNM), OK: Payne Co., Mehan, 36.014339°N, 96.996744°W, 5.iv.2016, em. 20– 22.iv.2017, M.W. Palmer, ex Celtis occidentalis, #CSE3529, CNC939918, CNC939919 (1♂ 1♀, CNC); WI: Buffalo Co., Alma, S1287 State Road 88, 17.vii.2015, em. 3.iv.2016, C.S. Eiseman, ex Celtis occidentalis, #CSE2311, CNC634841 (1♂, CNC).
Although largely similar to Agromyza varifrons, the male cerci are highly derived and diagnostic: they are strongly widened apically and deeply cleft, with small, tubercle-like setae covering the inner surface.
Agromyza isolata
Malloch, 1913: 306.
Agromyza albitarsis
Meigen. Misidentification.
Agromyza populoides
Spencer, 1969: 52.
Wing length 2.3 mm (♂), 2.5–2.7 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.7. Eye height divided by gena height: 4.8–7.5. First flagellomere small and rounded; without pale tuft of apical hairs. Ocellar triangle only indicated laterally as subshiny regions.
Chaetotaxy : Two ori; two ors. Four strong dorsocentrals, one presutural. Mid tibia with one posteromedial seta.
Colouration : Setae golden-brown, distinct from scutum. Scutum with brownish grey pruinosity. Calypter margin and hairs white (brown in isolata holotype). Body predominantly brown with halter white; base of first flagellomere and most of pedicel distinctly orange, entirely dark in isolata holotype; BC, CA, and CO material with first flagellomere dark, with basal margin slightly lighter; tarsi, tibiae (hind tibia brownish medially) and apices of femora yellow. Wing veins light brown.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Salicaceae – Populus spp., Salix spp. (
Canada: AB, BC*, ON, NS*, QC, SK. USA: CA, CO, MN [leaf mine only], PA, VA*, VT, WA.
Holotype [isolata]: USA. CA: Eureka, “22.5”, H.S. Barber (1♀, USNM; type No. 17573).
Holotype [populoides]: Canada. SK: Regina, em. 23.viii.1965, [ex leaf mine on Populus deltoides ♀ X P. balsamifera ♂ (Spencer, 1969)], ex Gracillarid sp., RRD W65, Ex 2616(10), G.N. Still (1♂ [with puparium], CNC).
[populoides]: Canada. ON: Grand Bend, 20.vii.1939, G.E. Shewell, CNC352879 (1♂, CNC), Ottawa, em. 28.vii.1967, mine Pop. Bals. 10.vii.1967, CNC352880 (1♀ [with puparium], CNC), SK: same data as holotype CNC352875–352878, CNC352881-CNC3528884 (4♂ 4♀ [seven with puparia], CNC).
Canada. BC: Terrace, grass, clover and buttercups, 7.vi.1960, R. Pilfrey, sweeping, CNC353092 (1♂, CNC), Wasa Lk., em. 29.vii.1959, “59-6779-01”, “Populus trichocarpa”, “R’rd”, CNC353083, CNC353084 (2♂ [with puparia], CNC), NS: S. Harbour Bch., PG962943, 6.vii.1983, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC353091 (1♂, CNC), ON: Grand Bend, 20.vii.1939, G.E. Shewell, CNC353089 (1♂, CNC), Ottawa, 15.ix.1997, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC353090 (1♂, CNC), 16.ix.1952, CNC353088 (1♀, CNC). USA. CO: Doolittle Ranch, Mt. Evans, 2987 m, 3.viii.1961, C.H. Mann, CNC353085 (1♂, CNC), J.G. Chillcott, CNC353087 (1♀, CNC), Summit L. Flats, Mt. Evans, 3901 m, 24.vii.1961, C.H. Mann, CNC353086 (1♂, CNC), VA: Falls Church, reared 25.v.1916, Populus, host: underside tentminer, J.J. deGryse (1♂ 2♀, USNM), VT: Chittenden Co., South Burlington, Winooski Gorge, 29.vi.2014, ex. Populus tremuloides, em. 15.vii.2014, C.S. Eiseman, #CSE1176, CNC384839–384841 (3♂, CNC), Chittenden Co., Williston, Mud Pond, 28.viii.2016, C.S. Eiseman, Populus grandidentata, em. 18–19.ix.2016 , #CSE3000, CNC654500–654504 (2♂ 3♀, CNC).
Agromyza kincaidi
Malloch, 1913: 285.
(Figs
Chaetotaxy : Two ori; two ors. Four postsutural dorsocentrals, one presutural, decreasing in length anteriorly. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body dark brown with halter white. Gena slightly paler posteriorly. Fore tarsus, apex of fore femur and base of tibiae yellowish. Wing veins light brown. Calypter margin and hairs white. Female fronto-orbital plate slightly paler and less pruinose.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Unknown – likely a grass-feeder, possibly on Bromus purgans (
Canada: AB, BC, MB, NL, NS, YT. USA: AK, CA, CO, IA*, NC*, NY*, TN, UT.
Holotype: USA. AK: Juneau, 25.vii.1899, Kincaid (1♀, USNM; type No. 15565).
Canada. AB: Banff, Johnston Canyon, 1432 m, 18.vii.1962, K.C. Herrmann, CNC352900, CNC352937 (1♂,1♀, CNC), 30–31.vii.1962, CNC352938 (1♀, CNC), Banff, 19.vii.1922, E. Hearle, CNC353102 (1♂, CNC), Calgary, 20 mi W, Jumping Pd. Cr., 9.viii.1962, K.C. Hermann, CNC352901 (1♂, CNC), Wate[illegible], 15.vii.1923, H.L. Seamans, CNC352903 (1♂, CNC), BC: Bowser, 8.vi.1955, R. Coyles, CNC352936 (1♀, CNC), Kleanza Cr., 14 mi E Terrace, 4.vii.1960, C.H. Mann, CNC352942 (1♀, CNC), Mt. Thornhill nr. Terrace, 1066 m, in boggy seepage area, 14.vii.1960, J.G. Chillcott, CNC352933 (1♀, CNC), Pr. Rupert, Ledum-Kalmia bog, 4.iv.1960, R. Pilfrey, CNC352935 (1♀, CNC), 4.vi.1960, C.H. Mann, CNC352896, CNC352897 (2♂, CNC), Robson, 24.v.1950, H.R. Foxlee, CNC352928 (1♀, CNC), Summit Lake, Mi392 Alaska Hwy., 1280 m, 31.vii.1959, R.E. Leech, CNC352898 (1♂, CNC), Summit Lake, 1280 m, 21.vii.1959, R.E. Leech, CNC352899 (1♂, CNC), Terrace, Airport area, 4.viii.1960, C.H. Mann, CNC352934 (1♀, CNC), Terrace, 11.viii.1960, W.R. Richards, CNC352895 (1♂, CNC), 67 m, 15.viii.1960, B. Heming, CNC352929 (1♀, CNC), 67 m, 8.vi.1960, W.W. Moss, CNC352932 (1♀, CNC), 19.vii.1960, C.H. Mann, CNC352931 (1♀, CNC), 20.vii.1960, W.R. Richards, CNC352885 (1♂, CNC), 31.iv.1960, R.J. Pilfrey, CNC352894 (1♂, CNC), 31.v.1960, C.H. Mann, CNC352930 (1♀, CNC), 31.vi.1960, J.G. Chillcott, CNC353099 (1♂, CNC), MB: Churchill, 14.vii.1952, E.F. Pope, CNC352939 (1♀, CNC), Churchill, 58°46'N, 94°10'W, 5.viii.1952, J.G. Chillcott, project#NBP, CNC_Diptera59120 (1 ex, CNC), Deer River, mile 473 m Hudson Bay Ry., 3.viii.1952, J.G. Chillcott, CNC352886 (1♂, CNC), Int. Peace Gardens, Turtle Mtn. For. Res., 7.viii.1958, J.G. Chillcott, CNC352940 (1♀, CNC), NL: Bell Is., 4–7.viii.1967, J.F. McAlpine, CNC353108 (1♂, CNC), Lab., Cartwright, 20.vii.1955, E.F. Cashman, CNC352941 (1♀, CNC), St. John’s, Agric. Exp. Sta., 1.viii.1967, J.F. McAlpine, CNC353111–353113, CNC353117 (4♂, CNC), 15.vii.1967, J.F. McAlpine, CNC353126 (1♂, CNC), 16.vii.1967, J.F. McAlpine, CNC353124, CNC353110 (1♂,1♀, CNC), on Ranunculus, 18.vii.1967, J.F. McAlpine, CNC353103–353107 (5♂, CNC), Abies balsamea, 19.vii.1967, J.F. McAlpine, CNC353109 (1♀, CNC), 21.vii.1967, J.F. McAlpine, CNC353131, CNC353135 (2♂, CNC), 24.vii.1967, J.F. McAlpine, CNC353119 (1♀, CNC), 26.vii.1967, J.F. McAlpine, CNC353133 (1♂, CNC), 27.vii.1967, J.F. McAlpine, CNC353128 (1♂, CNC), 29.vii.1967, J.F. McAlpine, CNC353120, CNC353129 (1♂,1♀, CNC), 3.viii.1967, J.F. McAlpine, CNC353114–353116 (3♂, CNC), 30.vii.1967, J.F. McAlpine, CNC353121, CNC353125 (1♂,1♀, CNC), 31.vii.1967, J.F. McAlpine, CNC353130 (1♂, CNC), 9.viii.1967, J.F. McAlpine, CNC353118, CNC353122, CNC353123, CNC353127, CNC353132, CNC353134, CNC353136 (4♂,3♀, CNC), NS: Lockeport, Cranberry I., 24.vii.1958, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC352902 (1♂, CNC), YT: Ogilvie Mts., North Fork Crossing, 1.vii.1962, P.J. Skitsko, CNC352893 (1♂, CNC), Rampart House, 67°25'N, 140°59'W, 17.vii.1951, J.E.H. Martin, project#NBP, CNC_Diptera109349 (1♀, CNC), Whitehorse, 24.viii.1959, R. Madge, CNC352926, CNC352927 (2♀, CNC). USA. AK: Anchorage, 18.vii.1951, R.S. Bigelow, CNC352915 (1♀, CNC), Cold Bay, on tundra, 18.viii.1952, W.R.M. Mason, CNC352892 (1♂, CNC), Curry, 29.vi.1952, W.R. Mason, CNC352914 (1♀, CNC), King Salmon, Naknek, 13.vii.1952, J.B. Hartley, CNC352921, CNC352923, CNC352925 (3♀, CNC), 16.viii.1952, CNC352919 (1♀, CNC), 3.vii.1952, CNC352917 (1♀, CNC), 31.vii.1952, CNC352924 (1♀, CNC), 5.viii.1952, CNC352916 (1♀, CNC), 6.vii.1952, CNC352918, CNC352920, CNC352922 (3♀, CNC), Mile 315 Richard. Hwy., 8.vi.1951, W.R. Mason, CNC352913 (1♀, CNC), Naknek, 18.vii.1952, J.B. Hartley, CNC352910, CNC352911 (2♀, CNC), 8.vii.1952, J.B. Hartley, CNC352907 (1♀, CNC), W.R. Mason, CNC352912, CNC352908, CNC352909 (3♀, CNC), CO: Doolittle Ranch, Mt. Evans, 2987 m, 22.vii.1961, J.G. Chillcott, CNC352905 (1♀, CNC), 3.viii.1961, W.R.M. Mason, CNC352888 (1♂, CNC), B.H. Poole, CNC352906 (1♀, CNC), Echo L., Mt. Evans, 3230 m, 25.vii.1961, C.H. Mann, CNC352904 (1♀, CNC), IA: Ames, 10.v.1947, A.R. Brooks, CNC352943 (1♀, CNC), NC: Gt. Smokies, Clingmans Dome, A.L. Melander, 18.vii.1941 (4♂ 3♀, USNM), 19.vii.1941 (4♂, USNM), 21.vi.1941 (1♂, USNM), Smokies, Andrews Bald, 9.vii.1941, A.L. Melander (2♂ 1♀, USNM), Smokies, Forney Ridge, 26.vi.1941, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Clingman’s Dome, Grt. Sm. Mt. Nat. Park, 6.viii.1957, C.J. Durden, CNC352891 (1♂, CNC), 2011 m, 22.viii.1957, J.G. Chillcott, CNC352887 (1♂, CNC), NY: White Face Mt., 4000', 14.vii.1958, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), TN: Indian Gap to Clingman’s Dome, Gr. Sm. Mt. Nat. Park Tenn., 1584–2011 m, 6.viii.1957, J.G. Chillcott, CNC352889, CNC352890 (2♂, CNC).
Agromyza kincaidi is highly similar in appearance to the European and Nearctic A. ambigua Fallén (
Agromyza pallidiseta
Malloch, 1924: 192.
Wing length 2.3–2.4 mm (♀). Male unknown. Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6. Eye height divided by gena height: 1.6. Head as described for A. aristata except parafacial not as strongly projecting and ocellar seta 1/2 length of postocellar seta.
Chaetotaxy : As described for A. aristata, except there are four dorsocentrals (one presutural), not three.
Colouration : As described for A. aristata except as follows: setae yellow; first flagellomere yellow with basal 1/3 very pale; posterolateral corner of frons only dark to level of posterior (not anterior) ors.
Variation : Florida specimen (head mostly collapsed) with ocellar seta ~ 2/3 length of postocellar and fronto-orbital plate brown to base of anterior fronto-orbital.
Unknown – possibly Celtis occidentalis (Ulmaceae).
Canada: ON*. USA: DC, FL*.
Holotype: USA. DC: Rock Creek Park, 29.v.1922, J.R. Malloch (1♀, USNM).
Canada. ON: Ottawa, Arboretum, adult on Celtis occidentalis, 27.v.2017, O. Lonsdale, CNC799468–799471 (4♀, CNC). USA. FL: Torreya St. Park, 29.iv.1952, O. Peck, on wood mud flat, CNC352944 (1♀, CNC).
The grey pruinose notum, yellow setae and head of Agromyza pallidiseta make it an easily recognised, albeit uncommon, species in eastern North America, known only from the holotype, one Florida female and four Ontario females. The Ontario females were taken as adults on Celtis occidentalis.
The Californian female listed as Agromyza pallidiseta in Spencer and Steyskal (deposited in the USNM) is clearly not conspecific with the holotype, as it is 2 × as large (4.6 mm), has a longer ocellar seta and brown setae.
Agromyza parca
Spencer in
Wing length 2.5–2.7 mm (♂), 2.4–2.7 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6–0.8. Eye height divided by gena height: 3.5–6.7. First flagellomere small and rounded; males with small tuft of apical hairs (as wide as base of arista in specimens with entirely white calypter, and several times width of base of arista in males with darker calypter hairs); females with dark calypter also with wide tuft of hairs on first flagellomere. Ocellar triangle short and equilateral in female, longer in male. Scutum shiny to subshiny.
Chaetotaxy : Two ori (sometimes small to well-developed additional anterior ori on one side); two ors. Two well-developed dorsocentrals and one or two much smaller setae anteriorly. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body dark brown with halter white, lunule and gena (excluding ventral margin) paler, tarsi dirty yellow and tibiae sometimes yellow at base. Wing veins light brown. Calypter margin white with hairs brown to white.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Poaceae – Dichanthelium clandestinum, D. scoparium, Glyceria canadensis, G. striata (
USA: CT*, DC*, IA, MA, MD*, NC, NH*, NJ*, NY*, TN.
Holotype: USA. NC: Mitchell Co., Roan Mtn., 6200', 13.viii.1957, J.G. Chillcott, CNC352945 (1♂, CNC).
Paratype: USA. NC: Same data as holotype, CNC352946 (1♀, CNC).
USA. CT: Putnam Park, 20.vii.1939, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Redding, 3.vi.1935, A.L. Melander (2♀, USNM), DC: 11.vi.1926, J.M. Aldrich (1♂, USNM), IA: Allamakee Co., Footbridge Farm, 22.vii.2018, J. van der Linden, Poaceae, em. by 14.viii.2018, #CSE4946, CNC1643675–1643677 (2♂ 1♀, CNC), MA: Concord, 17.vii.1961, W.W. Wirth (2♂ 1♀, USNM), Lavale, 9.v.1970, G. Steyskal (1♂, USNM), Hampshire Co., Pelham, Arnold Rd., 2.vii.2013, C.S. Eiseman, ex Dichanthelium clandestinum em. 20–22.vii.2013, #CSE724, CNC392666, CNC392667 (1♂,1♀, CNC), em. 20–23.iv.2014, #CSE1089, CNC384728, CNC384729 (2♀, CNC), Plymouth Co., West Bridgewater, Maple St., 15.viii.2013, C.S. Eiseman, ex Dichanthelium clandestinum em. 2–5.ix.2013, #CSE866, CNC392683–392687 (2♂ 3♀, CNC), MD: Colesville, W.W. Wirth, 4.vi.1977 (1♂, USNM), 1.viii.1976 (1♀, USNM), Bethseda, G. Steyskal, 12.ix.1981 (1♂, USNM), 14.v.1981 (1♀, USNM), Plummers Isl., at light, 3.viii.1915, R.C. Shannon (1♂, USNM), nr. Plummers Isl., 14.v.1915, R.C. Shannon (1♀, USNM), Montgomery Co., Carderock Park, 18.v.1989, M.J. and R. Molineaux (1♀, USNM), NC: Chatham Co., Haywood, 5.vi.1986, G.C. Steyskal (1♂, USNM), Durham Co., Durham, 17-Acre Wood Preserve, 36°1'27.82"N, 78°55'29.73"W, 8.v.2017, T.S. Feldman, Dichanthelium, em. 4.v.2018, #CSE4482, CNC1135677, CNC1135678 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), Scotland Co., Laurinburg, St. Andrews University, 10.v.2017, T.S. Feldman, Dichanthelium, em. 6–14.v.2018, #CSE4502, CNC1144099, CNC1144100 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), Wake Co., Morrisville, Lake Crabtree County Park, 35°50'37.77"N, 78°47'43.02"W, 6.vi.2018, T.S. Feldman, Dichanthelium scoparium, em. 25.vi.2018, #CSE4695, CNC1135686 (1♂, CNC), NH: White Mts., Stinson Lake, 23.vii.1961, W.W. Wirth (1♀, USNM), NJ: Lakehurst, 1.vi.1962, J.E. Puleston (1♂, USNM), NY: Bear Mt., 30.v.1941, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM).
USA. NC: Scotland Co., Laurinburg, St. Andrews University, 3.v.2017, T.S. Feldman, Dichanthelium, em. 6.v.2018, #CSE4503, CNC1144101, CNC1144102 (2♀, CNC)
Agromyza parca is currently defined by an evenly dark antenna, minute dorsoapical spinules within the distiphallus and small membranous lateral lobes on the basiphallus. There is a slight amount of variation within the species, possibly indicating the presence of a cryptic taxon. Those specimens with an entirely white calypter (i.e., hairs not brown) have the pale tuft of hairs on the first flagellomere that is no wider than the base of the arista in the males and absent in the female, the eye is 3.5–5.9 × higher than the gena (not 5.2–6.7 × higher) and the distiphallus is usually slightly constricted apically (Fig.
Agromyza parilis
Spencer in
Wing length 2.5–2.7 mm (♂), 3.2–3.4 (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.7. Eye height divided by gena height: 2.5–2.8. First flagellomere slightly longer than high and broadly rounded, without apical tuft of pale hairs. Ocellar triangle relatively small and rounded.
Chaetotaxy : Two ori; two ors. Two well-developed dorsocentrals and one smaller anterior seta. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body dark brown with halter white, and gena and antenna sometimes slightly paler, with first flagellomere orange on inner-basal 1/3 and tarsi slightly paler. Calypter white with hairs dark brown; hairs sometimes yellowish in females.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Unknown – likely Poaceae (
USA: TN, VA*.
Holotype: USA. TN: Hamilton Co., East Ridge, 9.v.1952, G.S. Walley, CNC352947 (1♂, CNC).
USA. VA: Fairfax Co., Turkey Run Park, nr. mouth of Turkey Run, 38°57.9'N, 7°09.4'W, Malaise trap, D.R. Smith, 25.v-6.vi.2006 (1♂ 4♀, USNM), 18–30.v.2007 (3♂, USNM), Turkey Run Park, 0.3 km W mouth Turkey Run, 38°58'N, 77°09.6'W, Malaise trap, D.R. Smith, 17–24.v.2006 (4♂ 1♀, USNM), river, 14–17.v.2006 (4♂ 5♀, USNM), Great Falls Park, quarry, 38°59.1'N, 77°14.8'W, Malaise trap, 18–24.v.2007, D.R. Smith (1♂ 3♀, USNM).
While externally similar to a number of small dark eastern Agromyza, the first flagellomere of A. parilis is entirely dark on the outer face and there is no apical tuft of pale hairs in either sex. The male genitalia are most distinctive, however, and should be examined for confident identification.
Agromyza parvicornis
Loew, 1869: 49.
Wing length 2.5–3.2 mm (♂), 2.6–2.9 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6–0.7. Eye height divided by gena height: 2.1–3.6. First flagellomere small and rounded with minute tuft of pale apical hairs. Fronto-orbital plate projecting and anterior 1/2 of frons soft and buckled.
Chaetotaxy : Two ori (sometimes three on one side); two ors. Two dorsocentrals, sometimes with very small third seta present anteriorly. Two posteromedial setae on mid tibia.
Colouration : Body mostly dark brown with orange tint, first flagellomere brown with base orange (more extensive on inner surface); frons brownish orange with ocellar triangle, posterior margin and fronto-orbital plate to level of anterior or posterior ors dark brown, sometimes dark laterally along entire margin of eye; lunule yellowish; parafacial beige and gena (excluding ventral margin) light brown; halter white; fore knee and tarsus yellowish. Calypter white with hairs light brown; uncommonly dark brown.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Poaceae – Echinochloa crus-galli, Panicum miliaceum, Zea mays and probably other cereals (
Canada: BC, ON, QC (
Lectotype: USA. DC [not given]: “Loew coll.”, parvicornis m. (1♂, MCZ).
Canada. BC: Milner, 12.vii.1953, G.J. Spencer, CNC352949 (1♂, CNC), ON: Ottawa, Fletcher Wildlife Gardens, 45°23'7"N, 75°42'11.01"W, 9.vi.2013, O. Lonsdale, CNC1144190 (1♂, CNC), Ottawa, 8.vii.1925, F. Ide, CNC352950 (1♂, CNC), Point Pelee, 8.ix.1954, C.D. Miller, CNC352954, CNC352955 (2♀, CNC), Simcoe, 26.vi.1939, G.E. Shewell, CNC352952 (1♂, CNC), 29.vi.1939, CNC352953 (1♂, CNC), St. Lawrence Is. Nat. Park, Grenadier I. Centre, 26.vi.1975, H.C.W. Walther, Code 1-2406-25, CNC352951 (1♂, CNC), Picton, 10.vii.1970, J.F. McAlpine, CNC353093 (1♂, CNC), QC: Ile de Montreal, 17.vi.1966, Beaulieu, CNC352956 (1♀, CNC). USA. AZ: Sunnyside Canyon, Huachua Mts., 9.vii.1940, D.E. Hardy (1♂, USNM), DE: Wilmington, 31.vii.1951, D.F. Bray (1♂, USNM), Sussex Co., Dewey Beach, 21.xiii.2003, sweeping, K. Bennett (1♂, UDCC), IN: Lafayette 13.[?].1915, J.M. Aldrich (1♀, USNM), MA: Concord, vii.1960, E.H. Wheeler, reared ex. Zea mays (2♂ 3♀, USNM), Franklin Co., Northfield, 276 Old Wendell Rd., 42°38'48.74"N, 72°25'32.15"W, 31.viii.2017, C.S. Eiseman, Zea mays, em. 2–23.vi.2018, #CSE4580, CNC1135703–1135712 (5♂ 5♀, CNC), MD: Montgomery Co., Colesville, Malaise trap, W.W. Wirth, 7.viii.1975 (1♀, USNM), 14.vi.1973 (1♂, USNM), 20.viii.1975 (1♂, USNM), Bethseda, 6.viii.1967, G. Steyskal (1♂, USNM), Colesville, 24.vii.1974, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM), 4mi SW of Ashton, Malaise trap, G.F. and J.F. Hevel, 3.ix.1981 (1♂, USNM), 1.ix.1981 (2♂, USNM), NY: L.I. Veg. Res. Fm, Riverhead, at light, 1–7.viii.1938, 30.viii.1938, 7–20.viii.1938, CNC352957, CNC352958, CNC352959, CNC352960, CNC352961, CNC352962, CNC352963, CNC352964, CNC352965, CNC352966, CNC352967, CNC352968 (11♂ 1♀, CNC), TN: Nashville, G.G. Ainslie, Webster No. 9467C (1♂ [with puparium], USNM), VA: Chain Bridge, 14.v.1924, J.R. Malloch (1♀, USNM).
Agromyza parvicornis and A. proxima are highly similar in appearance and develop in some of the same plant genera, and can only be reliably differentiated on the basis of the relative width of the distiphallus and length of the basiphallus. It is possible that A. proxima represents a less common eastern morphological variant of the other, but in the absence of corroborating evidence, these two are maintained here as separate.
Agromyza proxima
Spencer, 1969: 52.
Wing length 2.2–2.4 mm (♂), 2.2–2.5 (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6–0.7. Eye height divided by gena height: 2.8–3.4. First flagellomere small and rounded, sometimes with very small tuft of pale hairs apically. Scutum shiny.
Chaetotaxy : Two ori (sometimes three on one side); two ors. Two well-developed dorsocentrals with smaller third seta anteriorly. Hind tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : As described for A. parvicornis, except fronto-orbital plate usually brownish orange around base of all fronto-orbital setae.
Genitalia
: (Fig.
Variation : MD male from Anne Arundel Co. with distal 2/5 of first flagellomere covered with pale hairs; genitalia as described above, but surstylus relatively small and spherical; distal 2/3 of first flagellomere dark and pedicel orange distally; frons dark brown. VA female with relatively large ovate distoventral patch of pale hairs on first flagellomere; body entirely dark with pedicel slightly paler, calypter entirely white, notopleuron and postpronotum reddish, and wing veins whitish on basal 1/2. The female is only tentatively allied with the MD male on the basis of similar dark colouration and the increased size of the pale haired patch on the first flagellomere.
Poaceae – Dichanthelium sp, Echinochloa walteri, Panicum dichotomiflorum (
Canada: MB. USA: DE*, FL, MA*, MD*, NY, VA(?).
Holotype: USA. FL: Sweetwater, Tamiami Canal (1♂, USNM).
Paratypes: Canada. MB: 2 mi N Forrest, Populus balsamifera stand around slough, 19.vii.1958, J.G. Chillcott, CNC352969 (1♂ [head missing], CNC). USA. FL: Sweetwater, 3.viii.1963, ex. Echinochloa walteri, leg. 23.vii.1963, K.A. Spencer (1♂ 1♀ [same pin, with puparia], USNM).
USA. DE: Newark, 30.vii.1974 (1♂, UDCC), Stanton, 8.viii.1951, D.F. Bray (1♂, USNM), MA: Greenfield, 6.[?].1914, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Wayland, 28.[?], J.J. Pratt, LT (1♂, USNM), MD: Bethseda, 12.ix.1981, G.C. Steyskal (1♀, USNM), Colesville, 15.viii.1975, Malaise trap, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM), Anne Arundel Co., nr. Edgewater, Smithsonian Envir. Res. Centre, 38°53'N, 76°33'W, 10.vii.1993, G.F. Hevel (1♂, USNM), VA: Sherando Lake, 10 mi SW Waynesboro, 25.vi.1970, L.V. Knutson (1♀, USNM).
Agromyza pudica
Spencer in
Wing length 2.4–2.6 mm (♂), 2.0–2.6 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.7–0.9. Eye height divided by gena height: 4.8–4.9. First flagellomere small and ovate with small tuft of apical hairs in male. Ocellar triangle small and rounded (smaller in holotype). Scutum shiny.
Chaetotaxy : Two ori (sometimes three on one side); two ors. Three dorsocentral setae with anterior seta reduced. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body dark brown with orange tint; first flagellomere dark brown with faint orange tint towards base sometimes evident; lunule paler; parafacial sometimes with orange tint; halter white; tarsi and base of fore tibia yellow. Wing veins light brown. Calypter white with hairs usually brown (white in some females).
Genitalia
: (Figs
Poaceae – Dichanthelium spp. (
Canada: ON*. USA: AR, CT*, DC*, GA, MA, MD*, MN, NC, OH, OK, NY*, SC*, VA*.
Holotype: USA. AR: Garland Co., Hot Springs, 15.v.1979 (1♂, USNM).
USA. GA: Rabun Co., Rabun Bald, 1280 m, 16.vii.1957, J.G. Chillcott, CNC352972 (1♀, CNC), Rabun Bald, 914 m, 14.vii.1957, J.G. Chillcott, CNC352971 (1♂, CNC), NC: Pisgah Forest, Looking Glass Pk., 19.vii.1957, “K.A. Spencer, col.”, W.R. Richards, CNC352970 (1♂, CNC).
Canada. ON: Algonquin Pk., 45°50'0"N, 77°38'0"W, 19.vii.1991, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC353094 (1♂, CNC), Metcalfe, 2mi N, 15.v.1982, B.E. Cooper, CNC353095 (1♂, CNC), 10.vi.1982, CNC353097 (1♂, CNC), 25.v.1982, CNC353096 (1♂, CNC), Ottawa, damp second-growth forest in Acer-Betula wood, 27.vi.1989, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC353098 (1♂, CNC). USA. CT: Waterton, 5.vi.1931, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM), Putnam Park, A.L. Melander, 18.vii.1939 (1♂, USNM), 20.vii.1939 (1♂, USNM), 24.vii.1939 (1♀, USNM), Redding, A.L. Melander, 26.vi.1929 (1♂, USNM), 1.vi.1929 (1♀, USNM), 10.vi.1929 (1♀, USNM), 8.vi.1930 (1♂ 2♀, USNM), 11.vi.1929 (1♀, USNM), 27.vii.1938 (1♀, USNM), DC: 11.vi.1926, J.M. Aldrich (2♂, USNM), Chain Bridge, 8.v.1928, J.M. Aldrich (1♂, USNM), Washington, 17.viii.1913, A.L. Melander (2♂, USNM), MA: Concord, 17.vi.1961, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM), Franklin Co., Northfield, 276 Old Wendell Rd., 4.vii.2016, C.S. Eiseman, Dichanthelium acuminatum ssp. fasciculatum, em. 21.vii.2016, #CSE2787, CNC654200–654202 (1♂ 2♀, CNC), MD: Bethseda, 30.v.1980, G.C. Steyskal (1♀, USNM), Plummers Isl., 3.vi.1914, R.C. Shannon (1♂, USNM), Montgomery Co., 4mi S of Ashton, 24.vii.1982, G.F. and J.F. Hevel (2♀, USNM), NC: Scotland Co., Laurinburg, St. Andrews University, 18.v.2016, T.S. Feldman, Dichanthelium em. 13.vi.2016 , #CSE2572, CNC634813–634815 (3♂, CNC), Durham Co., Durham, 17-acre Wood Preserve, 15.v.2016, T.S. Feldman, Dichanthelium clandestinum, em. 4.vi.2016, #CSE2542, CNC654303–654306 (4♂, CNC), Scotland Co., Laurinburg, St. Andrews University, 11.v.2016, T.S. Feldman, Dichanthelium scoparium, em. 3.vi.2016, #CSE2540, CNC653948, CNC653949 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), NY: Lk. George, 26.vii.1929, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM), Yonkers, 3.vi.1927, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM), 5.vi.1927 (1♀, USNM), Peekskill, 11.vi.1927, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Bear Mt., 31.v.1941, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), OH: Hocking Co., South Bloomingville, Deep Woods Farm, 5.viii.2016, C.S. Eiseman, Dichanthelium clandestinum, em. 20–22.viii.2016, #CSE2925, CNC654480–654482 (1♂ 2♀, CNC), SC: Beaufort Co., Fripp Island, 26.ix.1973, G.C. Steyskal (1♂, USNM), Highland Fall, 6.vii.1941, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM), Cobleskill, 11.viii.1970, L. Knutson (1♀, USNM), VA: Glencarlyn, 23.v.1925, J.R. Malloch (1♂, USNM), Falls Church, Holmes Run, 24.viii.1960, light trap, W.W. Wirth (1♀, USNM), Rosslyn, 25.vi.1913, R.C. Shannon (1♀, USNM), Fairfax Co., Great Falls Park, swamp trail, 38°59.4'N, 77°15.2'W, Malaise trap, trap #1, 3–7.v.2007, D.R. Smith (1♂, USNM).
Agromyza pudica is recorded here in Canada, D.C., and five states for the first time.
Agromyza soka Eiseman & Lonsdale, 2018: 13.
(from
Chaetotaxy : Two or three ori (anterior seta small if present); two ors. Ocellar and postvertical setae subequal to outer vertical seta. Five dorsocentrals, strongly decreasing in length anteriorly. Eight irregular rows of acrostichal setulae. Mid tibia with one (male paratype) or two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Setae dark brown with light brown reflection. Body predominantly dark brown (female darker) with light pruinosity; antenna dirty orange with distal 1/2 of first flagellomere infuscated (more so dorsally) in holotype, entirely brown in paratypes, with antenna entirely dark brown in female; frontal vitta, gena and postgena paler; apices of fore or all femora narrowly yellow; tarsi yellow; fore tibia light brown, fading to yellow at base. Calypter white with hairs brown. Halter white.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Fabaceae – Robinia pseudoacacia, Wisteria floribunda.
USA: CT, NC, VA.
Holotype: USA. VA: nr. Plummers Isl., 20.v.1914, R.C. Shannon (1♂, USNM).
Paratypes: USA. CT: Hartford Co., East Hartford, Two Rivers Magnet Middle School, 4.vi.2016, em. 27–29.iv.2017, C.S. Eiseman, ex Robinia pseudoacacia, #CSE3574, CNC939943–939946 (3♂ 1♀, CNC), NC: Scotland Co., Laurinburg, St. Andrews University, 24.iv.2015, em. 16–18.iii.2016, T.S. Feldman, ex Robinia pseudoacacia, #CSE2248, CNC653954, CNC653955 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), 10.iv.2017, Robinia pseudoacacia, em. 22.iv.2018, #CSE4423, CNC1135665 (1♂, CNC), 4.iv.2016, em. 18.iv– 3.v.2017, T.S. Feldman, ex Wisteria floribunda, #CSE3518, CNC939744–939747 (1♂ 3♀, CNC).
Agromyza tacita
Spencer, 1969: 59.
(Fig.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Variation : Dissected paratype with two spines on surstylus (as in A. bispinata), but surstylus and remaining genitalia otherwise identical to holotype.
Variation : female paratypes: Wing length 2.9–3.1 mm. Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.4. Eye height divided by gena height: 8.7–11.8. First flagellomere smaller, ovate; base always orange, reminder orange to brown. Anterior 1/2 of frons sometimes orangish.
Unknown – likely Poaceae (
Canada: AB*, MB[?], NB*, ON, QC. USA: MD*, MO, NH*, NY*, UT*, VA*.
Holotype: Canada. ON: Ottawa, 17.vi.1946, G.E. Shewell, CNC352973 (1♂, CNC).
Paratypes: Canada. MB: Int. Peace Gardens, Turtle Mtn. For. Res., 7.viii.1958, J.G. Chillcott, CNC Type No. 10355, CNC352975 (1♀, CNC), ON: Ottawa, 15.vii.1957, J.E.H. Martin, CNC Type No. 10355, CNC352977 (1♀, CNC), 20.vi.1957, J.G. Chillcott, CNC Type No. 10355, CNC352974 (1♂, CNC), QC: Hull, 5.vi.1959, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC Type No. 10355, CNC352976 (1♀, CNC), Old Chelsea, summit of King Mt., 350 m, 11.vi.1959, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC Type No. 10355, CNC352978 (1♀, CNC).
Canada. AB: Elkwater L., 21.vii.1956, O. Peck, CNC353101 (1♂, CNC), NB: Kouchibouguac N.P., 11.vii.1977, J.F. McAlpine, Code-6035C, CNC352990–352992 (3♂, CNC), 12.vii.1977, J.F. McAlpine, Code-6040H, CNC352989 (1♂, CNC), 13.vii.1977, G.A. Calderwood, Code-5599I, CNC352993 (1♂, CNC), 30.vi.1977, J.R. Vockeroth, Code-5456V, CNC352986, CNC352987, CNC352981–352985 (7♂, CNC), 6.vii.1977, G.A. Calderwood, Code-54900, CNC352988 (1♂, CNC), 9.vii.1977, J.F. McAlpine, Code 6024R, Code-6024R, CNC352979, CNC352980 (2♂, CNC), ON: Ottawa, on leaf of Philadelphus coronarius, 13.vii.1959, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC353100 (1♂, CNC). USA. MD: Plummers Isl., 14.vi.1913, R.C. Shannon (1♂, USNM), NH: Jefferson Notch, 30.vii.1961, creek margin, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM), NY: Bear Mt., 31.v.1941, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), UT: Cache Co., Green Canyon, 23.vii.1964, Malaise trap, W.J. Hanson (1♂, USNM), VA: Shenandoah, Big Meadows, 3.vii.1939, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Fairfax Co., Dead Run, 9.vi.1915, R.C. Shannon (1♂, USNM).
See comments for Agromyza bispinata. The female paratypes of A. tacita cannot be confidently assigned to this species, which is mostly defined by male genitalic characters, and their placement should be re-evaluated when the boundaries of species in the A. bispinata complex can be better delimited.
Agromyza varifrons
Coquillett, 1902: 189.
Wing length 1.7–2.2 mm (♂), 1.8–2.3 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.9–1.0. Eye height divided by gena height: 3.5–10.0. Arista pubescent. First flagellomere small and rounded, without pale tuft of hairs. Fronto-orbital plate slightly projecting (more so anteriorly). Ocellar triangle small and rounded.
Chaetotaxy : Two ori; two ors. Orbital setulae in one row. Ocellar and postvertical setae subequal to fronto-orbitals. Two strong dorsocentral setae, with second seta ~ ¾ length of first seta; much weaker third dorsocentral not much larger than acrostichal seta. Acrostichal seta ~ 2 × length of setulae. Acrostichal setulae in 8 scattered rows, tapering posteriorly to level of first dorsocentral. Mid tibiae without posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Setae dark brown. Antenna yellow to orange; first flagellomere darker orange with basal margin paler and with small brown curved spot around base of arista posteriorly and along outer surface. Frons yellow with posterolateral corner and posterior margin dark brown; orbital plate darker, brownish orange behind anterior ors, becoming darker posteriorly, and with narrow brownish line continuing anteriorly along eye margin beside ori; ocellar spot rounded, dark brown, slightly larger than tubercle; remaining posterior 1/2 or less of frontal vitta brownish orange, becoming darker posteriorly, sometimes with this dark region restricted to large circle around ocellar spot. Lunule light yellow. Gena yellow with ventral brownish line. Parafacial yellow. Face whitish yellow. Mouthparts yellow; clypeus with brown tint that is darker laterally. Postgena, back of head and remainder of body mostly dark brown; body subshiny. Apex of fore femur yellowish orange for length equal to width of femur apex; apex of mid femur narrowly paler brown apically; tibiae sometimes paler brown with base and apex yellowish, and mid tibia sometimes with yellow mottling medially; tarsi yellow, becoming more brown tinted on posterior legs; wing veins brown; halter yellow with orange-brown tint on stem; calypter margin and hairs brown.
Variation : Posterior 1/2 of frons brownish in holotype and FL specimen. IL male with first flagellomere entirely light yellow, head brighter and scutum shiny.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Cannabaceae – Celtis laevigata. Possibly Ulmus Americana (Ulmaceae) (
Canada: ON, QC. USA: AK, DC, FL, IA, IL, KS, MS, NY, PA, TX, VA*.
Holotype: USA. DC: “District of Columbia” (1♀, USNM).
USA. FL: Hialeah, em. 10.v.1963, mine Celtis laevigata, 22.ix.1963 (1♂ 1♀ [same pin, with puparia]), Gainesville, Newman’s Lake, 26.iv.1952, O. Peck, CNC352994 (1♂, CNC), Hialeah, 22.ix.1963, mine Celtis laevigata, Em. 5.x.1963, [K.A. Spencer], CNC352996 (1♂ 1♀ [with puparia], CNC), IL: [illegible], 15.v.1919 (1♀, USNM), NY: Suffolk Co., Stony Brook Village, larva coll. 19.vi.1993, S.J. Scheffer, 93-187 (1♂[illustrated], USNM) , eclosed 9.vii.1993 (1♂, USNM), eclosed 8.vii.1993 (1♀, USNM), eclosed 10.vii.1993 (3♂, USNM), eclosed 11.vii.1993 (1♀, USNM), elcosed 17.vii.1993 (1♂, USNM), TX: Kerrville, 4.iv.1959, J.F. McAlpine, CNC352995 (1♂, CNC), Welder Wildlife Ref. nr Sinton, 19–23.iii.1965, J.G. Chillcott, CNC352997 (1♀, CNC), VA: Fairfax Co., Turkey Run Park, nr. mouth of Turkey Run, 38°57.9'N, 7°09.4'W, Malaise trap, 26.iv-2.v.2007, D.R. Smith (3♀, USNM), Turkey Run Park, 0.3 km W mouth Turkey Run, 38°58'N, 77°09.6'W, Malaise trap, D.R. Smith, 18–30.v.2007 (1♀, USNM), 29.iii-25.iv.2007 (1♂, USNM), Great Falls Park, quarry, 38°59.1'N, 77°14.8'W, Malaise trap, D.R. Smith, 24.iv-2.v.2007 (3♂ 1♀, USNM), 10–17.v.2007 (1♂, USNM), 3–10.v.2007 (1♂, USNM).
This species is clearly allied to Agromyza aristata, being similar in external and male genitalic morphology. The anterior portion of the head is mostly pale, the cercus is covered with small tubercle-like setae along the anterior surface, and the mesophallus is a ventral band separate from a curved, plate-like distiphallus. The most immediate difference in the genitalia is the densely haired distiphallus and short mesophallus, but the hypophallus has an apical apodeme, the basiphallus is also strongly curved and irregular in outline, the postgonite broadly lobate (lateral view) and the ejaculatory apodeme is well-developed. Externally, the pale portions of A. aristata are light yellow, not orange to yellowish, and the legs are extensively yellow.
Agromyza virginiensis
Spencer, 1977: 237.
Wing length 3.2 mm. Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6. Eye height divided by gena height: 3.4. First flagellomere longer than wide with rounded apex; apical margin possibly with longer, paler hairs. Fronto-orbital plate and parafacial slightly projecting. Ocellar triangle broadly rounded and short, not extending much past ocelli. Buccal cavity subquadrate.
Chaetotaxy : Four ori; one ors (not two as reported by previous authors). Four postsutural dorsocentrals, decreasing in length anteriorly. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body predominantly brown with halter white. Gena (excluding ventral margin), parafacial and frons (excluding posterolateral corner, posterior margin and ocellar triangle) light brownish orange, with fronto-orbital plate lightly pigmented posteriorly to base of posterior ori. First flagellomere, scape and pedicel orange, sometimes with dark spot at base of arista. Lunule orange. Face brown. Palpus and clypeus dark brown. Calypter margin and hairs white. Legs dark brown with knees yellow and tibiae and tarsi with orange tint (brighter on tarsi).
Genitalia
: (Fig.
Variation : Canadian material differs as follows: wing length 3.0–3.2 mm (♂), 3.4–3.8 mm (♀); eye height divided by gena height 5.1–10.6; first flagellomere with relatively discrete ovate pilose patch; 2 ors and 2–3 ori; first flagellomere brownish on distal and dorsal margins anterior to arista base; posterior 1/3 of frons much darker; fronto-orbital plate with ill-defined brown margin along length; parafacial dark brown; distiphallus only split on distal 1/10.
Unknown – adult collected on Phyllocarpus (Fabaceae).
Canada: ON*. USA: VA.
Holotype: USA. VA: Great Falls, vi.1922, Banks (1♂, MCZ).
Canada. ON: Orleans, Chapel Hill, at flowers of Phyllocarpus, 23.vi.1994, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC353052 (1♀, CNC), Ottawa, Damp second-growth Acer-Betula woods, 12.vii.1994, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC353053 (1♀, CNC), 15.vi.1998, CNC353059 (1♀, CNC), 16.viii.1992, CNC353046 (1♂, CNC), 17.vi.2003, CNC353056 (1♀, CNC), 2.vii.1993, CNC353044 (1♂, CNC), 24.vii.2000, CNC353049 (1♂, CNC), 29.vi.1994, CNC353058 (1♀, CNC), 29.vi.1997, CNC353047 (1♂, CNC), 29.vii.1992, CNC353045 (1♂, CNC), 30.vi.1991, CNC353054 (1♀, CNC), 30.vii.1993, CNC353051 (1♀, CNC), 6.viii.1993, CNC353043, CNC353057 (1♂,1♀, CNC), 7.viii.1993, CNC353050 (1♂, CNC), 7.viii.2000, CNC353055 (1♀, CNC), 9.vii.2000, CNC353048 (1♂, CNC).
The Canadian material varies slightly from the holotype, being more similar in external appearance to Agromyza ambrosivora, although the straight (not strongly curled) distiphallus would seem to preclude this option, and the anterior margin of the buccal cavity is relatively straight (more pointed in A. ambrosivora). The phallus of these Canadian specimens further differs from the holotype in that only the apex of the distiphallus is cleft, but these external and phallic differences will be tentatively treated as within-species variation until additional specimens can be measured.
The phallus is similar to that of a Nearctic and European leaf miner on Urtica (Urticaceae), Agromyza reptans (
Agromyza vockerothi
Spencer, 1969: 60.
Externally as described for A. isolata except as follows: Wing length 2.4–2.7 mm (♂), 2.4 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6–0.8. Eye height divided by gena height: 3.8–6.5. Sometimes three ori on one side of frons. Overall colour slightly darker, with antenna dark brown and calypter margin and hairs always brown; mid and hind tibiae brown with apex and sometimes base yellowish. First flagellomere sometimes appearing slightly angulate and with some longer apical hairs.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Rosaceae – Rubus.
Canada: AB, BC, ON, NS. USA: CT*, DC*, MA, MD*, NC, NH*, NY*, PA*, TN, VA*.
Holotype: Canada. NS: Shelburne, 10.viii.1958, J.R. Vockeroth, Type No. 10356, CNC352998 (1♂, CNC).
ON: Maynooth, 22.vi.1953, J.F. McAlpine, CNC353000 (1♂, CNC), Ottawa, 5.vi.1946, G.E. Shewell, CNC353001, CNC353002 (2♂, CNC), Golden Lake, 3.ix.1956, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC353003 (1♀, CNC), QC: Old Chelsea, 18.viii.1961, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC352999 (1♂, CNC).
Canada. BC: 20 km E Pemberton, 14.viii.1991, A. Borkent, CNC353014, CNC353015 (2♂, CNC), Hagensborg, 12.vii.1992, A. Borkent, CNC353016 (1♂, CNC), 42 km NE Hope, 2.viii.1991, A. Borkent, CNC353015 (1♂, CNC), 32 mi SW of Terrace, 9.vii.1960, J.G. Chillcott, CNC353017 (1♂, CNC), ON: St. Lawrence Is. Nat. Park, Aubrey Island, 4.ix.1976, W. Reid, Code 4618-R, CNC353006 (1♂, CNC), St. Lawrence Is. Nat. Park, Cedar Island, 31.viii.1976, W. Reid, Code 4586-L, CNC353007 (1♀, CNC), St. Lawrence Is. Nat. Park, McDonald Is., 14.vi.1976, 6.ix.1976, A. Carter, W. Reid, Code 4092-J, Code 4633-G, CNC353005, CNC353008 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), St. Lawrence Is. Nat. Park, Thwartway Is., 24.vii.1976, W. Reid, Code 4198-L, CNC353009 (1♀, CNC). USA. CT: Kent Fall, 28.viii.1940, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Redding, 28.v.1939, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), DC: Washington, “v-17”, J.M. Aldrich (1?, USNM), MA: Franklin Co., Northfield, Crag Mountain, 11.x.2013, ex. Rubus (blackberry), em. 27.iii.2014, C.S. Eiseman, #CSE1030, CNC384794 (1♂, CNC), MD: Glen Echo, 21.viii.1921, J.R. Malloch (1♂, USNM), Colesville, 1.v.1977, W.W. Wirth (1♀, USNM), Montgomery Co., Dickerson, 14.vii.1974, G.A. Foster (1♀, USNM), NC: Highlands, Wilson’s Gap, 944 m, 12.v.1957, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC353011 (1♀, CNC), Mitchell Co., Roan Mtn, 1889 m, 13.viii.1957, J.G. Chillcott, CNC353010 (1♀, CNC), Wyah Bald, 13.vi.1957, C.J. Durden, CNC353012 (1♀, CNC), NH: White Mts., Stinson Lake, 23.vii.1961, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM), NY: Allegany St. Pk., 28.v-3.vi.1963, stream margin, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM), Orleans Co., Albion, 11.vi.1963, Burma woods, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM), Monroe Co., Braddock Bay, 12.vi.1963, near marsh, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM), PA: Mineral Spr., 5.ix.1927, A.L. Melander (2♂, USNM), Monroe Co., Mt. Pocono, 28.vii.1985, G.F. and J.F. Hevel (1♂, USNM), TN: Smokies, Chimneys, A.L. Melander, 25.vi.1941 (1♀, USNM), 20.vi.1941 (1♂, USNM), Indian Gap to Clingman’s Dome, 5200–6600', 6.viii.1957, J.G. Chillcott, CNC353004 (1♂, CNC), VA: Luray, 24.vi.1923, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Fairfax Co., Turkey Run Park, nr. mouth of Turkey Run, 38°57.9'N, 7°09.4'W, Malaise trap, river trap, 17–24.v.2006, D.R. Smith (1♀, USNM).
Euhexomyza
Lonsdale, 2014: 497. Type species Melanagromyza simplicoides
Euhexomyza was described by
Species are brown and non-metallic (Fig.
Agromyza winnemanae
Malloch, 1913a: 314.
Melanagromyza winnemanae. Frick, 1952a: 380, 1959: 367.
Hexomyza winnemanae. Spencer & Steyskal, 1986b: 250.
Euhexomyza winnemanae. Lonsdale, 2014: 503.
(Figs
Chaetotaxy : One strongly incurved ori; three ors; setae decreasing in width and length anteriorly. Ocellar and postocellar setae well-developed. Orbital setulae reclinate. Two well-developed dorsocentrals. Acrostichal setulae in eight rows. Posteromedial tibial setae absent.
Colouration : Calypter and wing entirely white with veins brownish (costa darker). Halter brown. Body entirely brown to dark brown with gena and centre of frons paler.
Genitalia : Unknown.
Unknown – likely Salix (Salicaceae).
Canada: ON. USA: MD. Gall attributed to this species observed in AB (Spencer, 1969).
Holotype [winnemanae]: USA. MD: Plummers Island, 27.vi.1909, W.L. McAtee (1♀, USNM).
Holotype [albicula]: Canada. ON: Ottawa, 7.iv.1948, ex. gall on Salix sp., G.E. Shewell (1♂, CNC).
Paratype [albicula]: Canada. ON: Dryden, 12–13.vi.1960, Kelton and Whitney (1♀, CNC).
Euhexomyza albicula (Spencer) stat. reinst., comb. nov. (Figs
One additional pair of lateral scutellar setae is also present in the northeastern North American species Euhexomyza salicis (Malloch), which has the costa extending to vein M1+2 (not R4+5).
Japanagromyza
Sasakawa, 1958: 138. Type species: Agromyza duchesneae Sasakawa, 1954, by original designation.
Geratomyza
Spencer in
Japanagromyza is species-poor in North America north of Florida, but the species J. viridula (Coquillett) is relatively abundant from the east coast to Alberta, Kansas and Arizona, and the unusual J. rutiliceps (Melander) is known from Montana to California. The genus, which was redefined in
The majority of species occurring in the New World can be characterised as follows: colour black (or with iridescence); only two pairs of widely spaced dorsocentrals; knob of halter white (base of knob and stem sometimes variably brown, and occasionally entirely dark, as in J. brooksi Spencer from Ontario); fore tibia with lateromedial seta (absent in J. brooksi and a number of non-Nearctic species); surstylus often long and narrow; male cercus very large and often bearing large tubercle-like setae (similar structures are found in some Agromyza); hypandrium with long, narrow, ventrally curving apodeme apically; phallus long, narrow and clear (morphology much more varied globally), and with ejaculatory apodeme sometimes very thin or atrophied. The unusual J. rutiliceps (Melander) from the western United States differs in most of these features, and its placement is uncertain.
Agromyza viridula
Coquillett, 1902: 189.
Japanagromyza viridula. Spencer, 1966a: 3, 1969: 63;
(Figs
Chaetotaxy : All setae well-developed and setulae short and sparse. Two ori; two ors (widely separated). Two postsutural dorsocentrals. Ten rows of acrostichal setulae; acrostichal setula present. Postocellar and ocellar setae well-developed. Fore tibia with one lateral seta; mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Setae black (setulae on ocellar tubercle sometimes golden-brown). Body predominantly dark brown; thorax (less so on pleuron) and abdomen with metallic green reflection, and epandrium faintly to distinctly reddish brown. Wing veins brown. Calypter and halter white.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Fagaceae – Quercus spp., Castanea mollissima (
Canada: NB*, NS, ON, QC*. USA: DC, GA, IN, KS, MA, ME, NC, OK, PA, SC, TN, VA. Puerto Rico.
Holotype: USA. DC: “June”, “Collection Coquillett” (1♂, USNM; Type No. 6660).
USA. DC: “DC” (1♀, USNM), MA: Beverly, 29.vi.1876, Burgess (1♀, USNM). Puerto Rico. “Porto Rico”, Aguadilla, i.1899, A. Busck (1♀, USNM).
142♂ 97♀ 1?, CNC, USNM. Canada. NB: Kouchibouguac N.P., 8.vi.1977, J.R. Vockeroth, Code – 5222V, Code – 52336, CNC358580, CNC358581, CNC358582 (3♀, CNC), 9.vii.1977, J.F. McAlpine, Code – 6023Q, CNC358583 (1♀, CNC), QC: Rigaud, 11.vi.1981, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC358579 (1♂, CNC).
Superficially, Japanagromyza viridula can be mistaken for species of Melanagromyza because of its metallic green colouration, but it can be easily separated by the single pair of stout prescutellar acrostichal setae.
There was an error produced in the Japanagromyza key in
Melanagromyza
Hendel, 1920: 114. Type species: Agromyza aeneoventris Fallén, 1823, by original designation.
Limnoagromyza
Malloch, 1920: 147. Type species: diantherae Malloch, 1920, by original designation.
Many Melanagromyza have a noticeably metallic green, blue, or coppery sheen on the abdomen (not including the black oviscape), which is also often present on the notum, but this feature should not be used as diagnostic in and of itself as a metallic sheen is also found in a handful of other Agromyzinae. This sheen is usually very faint in these other taxa, but some Japanagromyza species, including the relatively abundant eastern species J. viridula, are strikingly green. Conversely, those Melanagromyza with little or no metallic colouration can be easily mistaken for some Euhexomyza and Ophiomyia, although dorsally setulose (not bare) eyes, a wider fronto-orbital plate and a broadly rounded clypeus will reveal their generic affiliation.
Externally, the Delmarva Melanagromyza are best diagnosed by an absence of characters found in other local Agromyzinae: there are no prescutellar acrostichals (present in Agromyza and Japanagromyza) or a stridulatory file on syntergite 1+2 (Agromyza); the clypeus is usually broadly rounded (apically truncated in all Ophiomyia), but if the anterior margin is straight, the lateral corners are rounded; the eye is usually setulose dorsally (always bare or very sparsely short-setulose in Ophiomyia); the gena is never strongly produced anteriorly, there is never a vibrissal fasciculus, and the facial keel is never prominent if present (many Ophiomyia).
The male genitalia are most characteristic of the genus: the basiphallus is short, symmetrical and U-shaped or ring-like; the epandrium sometimes has a small posterodistal spine behind the surstylus (not always visible in lateral view); the ventrobasal surface of the distiphallus has one pair of thin tubules flanking the mesophallus (unconfirmed in some non-Nearctic species).
1 | Calypter margin and hairs dark brown. Eye always bare or with sparse setulae | 2 |
– | Calypter margin and hairs white. Eye almost always setulose dorsomedially | 3 |
2 | Fronto-orbital plate and parafacial broad and easily viewed laterally. Gena highest posteriorly. Four ori. Abdomen with light coppery tint. Wing length 2.8–3.6 mm. Basiphallus forming complete ring (Figs |
M. burgessi (Malloch) |
– | Fronto-orbital plate and parafacial narrow, inconspicuous laterally. Gena highest at midpoint. Two ori. Abdomen with green metallic sheen. Wing length 1.9–2.3 mm. Basiphallus U-shaped (Figs |
M. minimoides Spencer |
3 | Gena at its highest near anterior margin of eye (Figs |
M. buccalis Spencer |
– | Gena highest near midpoint of eye. Distiphallus not as above | 4 |
4 | Four fronto-orbital setae; anterior 2 pairs (ori) very widely spaced (Fig. |
M. virens group (5) |
– | Usually more than 4 fronto-orbital setae, at least on one side; distance between anterior setae not much larger than distance between any other pair of setae. Tubercle-like setae on surstylus all short. Proepiphallus rounded laterally, upcurved anteriorly and usually with separate halves. Basiphallus sometimes forming a ring | 10 |
5 | Head (seen laterally) broadest near middle, i.e., without bulging frons. Fronto-orbital plate relatively narrow, slightly wider behind midpoint. Seen laterally, distiphallus gradually tapering apically and with 1 pair of posteromedial bulges/carinae dorsomedially (Fig. |
M. matricarioides Spencer |
– | Head (seen laterally) usually broadest dorsally, with fronto-orbital plate bulging anterodorsally. Fronto-orbital plate usually swollen medially and narrowed anteriorly. Distiphallus abruptly widened on basal 1/2 and without clear posteromedial bulge | 6 |
6 | Wing length 1.8–2.6 mm. Fronto-orbital plate often 1/3 or 1/4 width of frons (Fig. |
7 |
– | Wing length 2.5–3.5 mm. Fronto-orbital plate swollen to only 1/4 width of frons (Fig. |
8 |
7 | Fronto-orbital plate (seen dorsally) swollen medially, usually at least 1/3 width of frons (sometimes 1/4 width). Male orbital setulae conspicuously long and bushy compared to setulae on eyes (Fig. |
M. virens (Loew) |
– | Fronto-orbital plate swollen to only ¼ width of frons, never 1/3. Male orbital setulae slightly longer than ommatrichia, sometimes barely so, relatively sparse. Wing length 1.8–2.6 mm. Surstylus broader and with only short tubercle-like setae at apex (Fig. |
M. splendida Frick |
8 | Notum and abdomen with green shine that may sometimes also be partially coppery. Distal edge of surstylus ~ 1/3 height of epandrium. Basiphallus overlapping base of distiphallus (Figs |
M. virginiensis Spencer |
– | Notum with green to bluish tint. Abdomen green (M. vernoniae bronze-green in IN and blue in MN). Distal edge of surstylus at least 1/2 height of epandrium. Basiphallus separate from distiphallus, if only slightly. Dark distoventral plate of distiphallus (viewed laterally) never continuing past point of insertion of mesophallus | 9 |
9 | Orbital setulae much longer than ommatrichia, relatively bushy. Notum with blue tint that may become greenish posteriorly (entirely green in IN). Distiphallus gradually narrowing apically; distal section straight (seen laterally); basal section smooth; with inner spinulose patch. Phallophorus longer than wide (Figs |
M. vernoniae Steyskal |
– | Orbital setulae short, as long as ommatrichia. Notum with faint green tint. Abdomen shiny green. Distiphallus only wide near base, with remainder long and curved (seen laterally); basal section strongly convoluted; inner spinulose patch strongly reduced to absent. Phallophorus higher than long (Fig. |
M. vernoniana Steyskal |
10 | Large and stout-bodied; wing length 3.0–5.0 mm. Three or 4 ori, rarely 2. Abdomen often with blue metallic shine, at least posteriorly. Distiphallus stout and broad. No space between apex of basiphallus and base of distiphallus | 11 |
– | Smaller and more slender; wing length 2.8–3.4 mm. Two or 3 ori. Abdomen blue, green, or coppery. Distiphallus small and slender. Membranous space between basiphallus and base of distiphallus distinct | 12 |
11 | Ocellar tubercle with thin strip of setulae extending to base of postocellar. Eye bare. Three dorsocentral setae. First flagellomere as high as gena. Postpronotum with large orange spots anteriorly and laterally. Presutural scutum with faint, narrow pruinose strips medially. Distiphallus broad and rounded with dorsomedial process; internal surface minutely tuberculate; ventrolateral tubules stout and broadly looped; outer surface not sculptured (Figs |
M. diantherae (Malloch) |
– | Setulae restricted to anterior 1/2 of ocellar tubercle. Eye setulose. Two or 3 dorsocentral setae. First flagellomere narrower than gena. Postpronotum without orange spots. Scutum without pruinose strips. Distiphallus longer than wide with stout base and long ventromedial plate; with one pair of spinulose internal structures; ventrolateral tubules nearly indistinct laterally; with sculptured lateral surface (Figs |
M. glyptos sp. nov. |
12 | Distiphallus separated from basiphallus by much more than height of basiphallus (Figs |
M. angelicae (Frost) |
– | Distiphallus separated from basiphallus by less than height of basiphallus | 13 |
13 | Wing length 2.8–3.4 mm. Mid tibia with 2 posteromedial setae. Apex of distiphallus sharply upturned (Figs |
M. subvirens (Malloch) |
– | Wing length 2.1–2.8 mm, sometimes up to 3.1 mm. Mid tibia with 1 or 2 posteromedial setae. Distiphallus not upcurved apically. Basiphallus U-shaped | 14 |
14 | Surstylus relatively small and angled with posterior corner slightly produced. Ventromedial tubules on distiphallus shallowly to strongly looping below main body of distiphallus (Figs |
M. rutella sp. nov. |
– | Surstylus more robust with distal margin broad and straight with posterior corner shallow. Ventromedial tubules on distiphallus held closely against distiphallus. Distiphallus separated from phallophorus by nearly 2 × height of basiphallus; abruptly narrowed on distal 1/2 (seen laterally); shape gently tapering (viewed ventrally). Distal margin of ejaculatory apodeme rounded | 15 |
15 | Wing length 2.6–2.7 mm. Ocellar triangle nearly reaching lunule or ending at medial ori. Eye height divided by gena height 5.3. Notum and abdomen faintly greenish. Mid tibia with 1 medial seta. Epandrium deeper dorsally (Fig. |
M. eoflacensis sp. nov. |
– | Wing length 2.6–3.0 mm. Fronto-orbital plate ending at anterior ors or posterior ori. Eye height divided by gena height 3.8–4.8. Notum more evenly and strongly greenish, and abdomen with very strong green shine. Mid tibia with 1 long and 1 shorter medial seta. Epandrium shallower dorsally (Fig. |
M. brunkei sp. nov. |
Agromyza angelicae
Frost, 1934: 40. Frick 1952: 377, 1959: 362;
Wing length 2.8–3.2 mm (♂), 3.2–3.9 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6–0.9. Eye height divided by gena height: 3.1–5.6. Clypeus broadly rounded. Ocellar triangle and fronto-orbital plate subshiny, ill-defined, extending slightly past posterior ori. Fronto-orbital plate slightly visible laterally (more pronounced in male). Gena rounded, highest behind midpoint of eye.
Chaetotaxy : Four ori with anterior seta strongly reduced to absent, and posterior seta sometimes appearing as third ors; two ors. Orbital setulae erect, in two, sometimes three irregular rows, sometimes with several reclinate, but becoming proportionately more proclinate anteriorly; widely spaced from eye margin. Eye pilose dorsomedially. Two dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setulae in eight irregular rows. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body, including halter, dark brown in base colour. Gena, parafacial, distal margin of pedicel and inner-distal margin of fronto-orbital plate paler. Notum with faint greenish metallic shine (faded anteriorly). Calypter margin and hairs white. Abdomen metallic green.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Angelica atropurpurea, possibly other Angelica spp. (
USA: DE*, MD*, NY, OH.
Holotype: USA. NY: Ithaca, [reared as a stem borer on Angelica atropurpurea], A.S. Mills (1♂, USNM). [Not examined]
. USA. NY: Same data as holotype, 26.iii.1926 (1♀, USNM), 27.iii.1926 (1♂, USNM), 29.iii.1926 (1♀, USNM), 16.iv.1926 (1♂ 1♀, USNM), 17.iv.1926 (2♂, USNM), 21.iv.1926 (1♀, USNM), [no date] (2♂, USNM).
USA. DE: Wilmington, 9.vi.1974 (2♂, UDCC), MD: Cabin John, 20.vi.1931, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Montgomery Co., Bethseda, 28.iv.1968, G. Steyskal (1♂, USNM), 4mi SW of Ashton, 3.vi.1984, G.F. and J.F. Hevel (1♂, USNM), OH: 3 mi. E Streetboro, 20.iii.1970, Biol Note No. 17-1, D. Witwer (1♂ [with puparium], USNM), Biol Note No. 17-6 (1♂ [with puparium], USNM), Biol Note No. 17-11 (1♂ [with puparium], USNM), Biol Note No. 17-12 (1♀ [with puparium], USNM), Biol Note No. 17-13 (1♂ [with puparium], USNM).
Melanagromyza angelicae is only known from the eastern United States. Previous records from the western United States and Europe have been determined to belong to other Melanagromyza (
Similar described species with a wide space between the basiphallus and meso/distiphallus include Melanagromyza hicksi Steyskal, collected in Ontario and New York and reared fom Althaea rosea; this species is very robust-bodied, has four or five ori, a gena 1/5–1/4 eye height, a mesophallus that projects further basally past the base of the distiphallus, and a distiphallus that is more strongly tapered apically (
As described for M. eoflacensis, except as follows: three ori; wing length 2.6–3.0 mm (♂); fronto-orbital plate ending at anterior ors or posterior ori; eye height divided by gena height 3.8–4.8; head very dark brown, without slightly paler brown regions excluding very narrow inner margin of fronto-orbital plate; notum more evenly greenish and with matching, but brighter abdomen; VA male with additional medial dorsocentral on left side as long as anterior dorsocentral; mid tibia with one long and one shorter seta posteromedially; dorsomedial bulge on distiphallus less prominent, and seen laterally, gradually tapering to apex, not abruptly narrowed; seen ventrally, distiphallus with stouter, more prominent narrow plates flanking distomedial tube (Figs
The specific name is a patronym for the collector of the holotype.
Unknown.
USA: IN, VA.
Holotype: USA. VA: Giles Co., Ripplemead, Rte 460 bridge, 37°19'43"N, 80°40'48"W, 11–25.v.2008, A. Brunke, debu00304024 (1♂, DEBU).
Paratype : USA. IN: Vincennes, v-6, swept from wint. wheat (1♂, USNM).
Melanagromyza brunkei is difficult to differentiate from M. eoflacensis, but there are subtle external differences and the genitalia are clearly different when viewed side-by-side, with the profile of the distiphallus being especially diagnostic (see key).
Melanagromyza buccalis
Spencer, 1969: 67.
(Figs
Chaetotaxy : Two to four ori, but if only two ori, then ori sometimes widely spaced as in M. virens group; two ors. Orbital setulae short, in two to three irregular rows, erect to reclinate with inner row partially inclinate. Eye pilose dorsomedially. Two dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setulae in eight irregular rows. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body, including halter, dark brown in base colour. Ocellar triangle and fronto-orbital plate sometimes light brown. Scutum brown with sometimes indistinct greenish shine. Calypter margin and hairs white. Abdomen metallic green, or less commonly, coppery-green.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Unknown, but
Canada: MB*, NB*, ON, QC. USA: AZ, CA, CO, DE*, GA*, IA*, IL*, IN*, MA, MD, MO, NC*, NH*, NJ*, NM*, NY, PA*, TN*, VA, WV*.
Holotype: Canada. QC: Lake Bernard, 7.viii.1938, G.E. Shewell, CNC258290 (1♂, CNC).
Paratypes: Canada. NS: Truro, 8.vii.1913, CNC Type No. 10360, CNC358296 (1♂, CNC), ON: Mer Bleue, 3.vi.1938, A.R. Brooks, CNC358295 (1♂, CNC), Osgoode, 18.vi.1964, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC358292, CNC358322 (1♂,1♀, CNC), Ottawa, 2mi E, Cyrville Road, 31.v.1965, B.V. Peterson, CNC358321 (1♀, CNC), Ottawa, CEF, on larch, 3.viii.1962, J.F. McAlpine, CNC358302 (1♂, CNC), Ottawa, 20.vi.1954, D. Cobb, CNC358298, CNC358303, CNC358305, CNC358309, CNC358312 (5♂, CNC), 25.viii.1908, J.M. Fletcher, CNC358299 (1♂, CNC), 7.x.1947, G.E. Shewell, CNC358307 (1♂, CNC), 9.vi.1962, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC358300, CNC358311 (2♂, CNC), Simcoe, 15.vi.1939, G.E. Shewell, CNC358301 (1♂, CNC), 19.vi.1939, CNC358319 (1♀, CNC), 20.vi.1939, CNC358310 (1♂, CNC), 22.vi.1939, CNC358308 (1♂, CNC), 23.vi.1939, CNC358320 (1♀, CNC), 4.vi.1939, CNC358306 (1♂, CNC), Spencerville, 14.viii.1939, Hammond, en copulae, CNC358316 (2♂♀, CNC), QC: Wakefield, 20.vi.1946, G.S. Walley, CNC358291 (1♂, CNC), Abbotsford, 22.vi.1937, G. Shewell, CNC358293 (1♂, CNC), Hull, 25.ix.1923, C.H. Curran, CNC358294 (1♂, CNC), Knowlton, 1.viii.1929, L.J. Milne, en copulae, CNC358314 (2♂♀, CNC), L’Assumption, 7.viii.1936, Shewell, CNC358304, CNC358313, CNC358315, CNC358318 (2♂ 4♂♀, CNC), Lac Bernard, 7.viii.1938, G.E. Shewell, CNC358317 (1♀, CNC).
Canada. MB: Aweme, 20.viii.1917, N. Criddle, CNC358381 (1♀, CNC), 27.viii.1917, CNC358382 (1♀, CNC), NB: Pokeshaw, 47°47'N, 65°14'W, 27–30.vi.2011, S.E. Brooks, Malaise trap, CNC423058 (1♂, CNC), Saint-Jacques NB Botanical Garden, 47°26'20"N, 68°23'39"W, 27.vii.2013, O. Lonsdale, CNC358505 (1♀, CNC), ON: Ottawa, 20.vi.1954, D. Cobb, CNC358325 (1♂, CNC), St. Lawrence Is. Nat. Park, Grenadier I. Centre, 14.viii.1975, R.J. McMillan, Malaise trap, Code 2-263D, CNC358379 (1♀, CNC), 21.viii.1975, Code 2-278S, CNC358380 (1♀, CNC), Thornhill, 30.v.1964, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC358326 (1♂, CNC), QC: St. Ann-Perade, 6.viii.1930, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Montreal, 8.viii.1950, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM). USA. AZ: Chiricahua Mts., S.W.R.S., 5400', 30.iv.1979, K.N. Barber (2♂, DEBU), CA: Victorville, 16.v.1955, W.R.M. Mason, CNC358467 (1♂, CNC), “UpStaAnaRiv”, Cienaga, 28.v.1948, J.L. Sperry (1♀, USNM), Vacaville, 19.iv.1949, A.T. McClay (1♀, USNM), Davis, 14.vi.1953, E.I. Schlinger (1♂, USNM), Toulumne Co., Summit Sonora Pass, 9.viii.1948, sweeping Salix eastwoodiae Ckll., Lot No. 108-1, K.E. Frick (3♂, USNM), Summit Sonora Pass, 10.viii.1948, Lot No. 116-1, K.E. Frick (1♀, USNM), San Diego Co., Warmer Spr., 30.viii.1955, E.I. Schlinger (1♂, USNM), Berkeley, 9.vii.1917, J.M. Aldrich (1♂, USNM), 8.vii.1917 (2♂, USNM), Hemet Lake, 13.vi.1961, 500', J.G. Chillcott, CNC358533 (1♂, CNC), CO: Boulder, Valmont Butte, 1615 m, 1.vi.1961, J.R. Stainer, CNC358378 (1♀, CNC), Idaho Springs, 5mi SW, 2621 m, 27.v.1961, J.G. Chillcott, CNC358324 (1♂, CNC), Mt. Vernon Cn. nr. Golden, 2194 m, 31.vii.1961, C.H. Mann, CNC358468 (1♂, CNC), DC: Washington, “C 1 Aug 1956”, P.H. Arnaud Jr. (1♂, USNM), Washington, “viii.5”, J.M. Aldrich (1♀, USNM), Washington, 17.viii.1915, A.L. Melander (1♂ 1♀, USNM), Chain Bridge, 8.v.1928, J.M. Aldrich (1♀, USNM), DE: Dover, 24.vi.1939, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Newark, 31.v.1974 (1♀, UDCC), Newark, 25.viii.1974, D. Buntin (1♀, UDCC), GA: Pine Mt., 1mi North, 12.vii.1957, W.R. Richards, CNC358347 (1♀, CNC), Rabun Bald, 9.viii.1957, W.R. Richards, CNC358355–358357 (3♀, CNC), Rabun Co., 13.vii.1957, W.R. Richards, CNC358354 (1♀, CNC), Warwoman Crk., 4.vi.1957, W.R. Richards, CNC358358 (1♀, CNC), IA: Ames, 19.vi.1947, A.R. Brooks, CNC358461 (1♀, CNC), 28.vi.1947, CNC358458 (1♂, CNC), IL: Champaign, 1.vi.1953, J.F. McAlpine, CNC358460 (1♀, CNC), 22.ix.1956, CNC358459 (1♂, CNC), IN: LaFayette, vi-10, J.M. Aldrich (1♂, USNM), vii-10 (1♂, USNM), x-14 (1♀, USNM), MA: New Bedford, 30.viii.1896, Mass, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Horse Neck Beach, 8.viii.1896, Hough, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Dennisport, C. Cod, 1.viii.1964, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC358535 (1♀, CNC), Franklin Co., Northfield, 276 Old Wendell Rd., 20.viii.2016, mating on Erigeron annuus, #CSE2916, CNC654071, CNC654072 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), MD: Plummers Isl., 20.vii.1913, R.C. Shannon (1♀, USNM), Talbot Co., McDaniel (Wades Point), 19–21.ix.1986, Malaise trap in salt marsh with flowering Baccharis, W.E. Steiner (2♀, USNM), Fairfax Co., Dead Run, 14.v.1914, R.C. Shannon (1♀, USNM), Montgomery Co., Colesville, W.W. Wirth, 27.vii.1976 (1♀, USNM), 28.vii.1976 (2♀, USNM), Bethseda, C.W. Sabrosky, 24.vii.1961 (1♀, USNM), Bethseda, G.C. Steyskal, 10.vii.1970 (1♂, USNM), 16.vii.1979 (1♂, USNM), 24.viii.1975 (4♂ 1♀, USNM), 4mi SW of Ashton, G.F. and J.F. Hevel, 1.ix.1981, Malaise trap (1♂ 1♀, USNM), 24.vii.1982 (3♀, USNM), 15.viii.1982 (2♀, USNM), 19.v.1985 (1♀, USNM), 29.v.1986 (2♀, USNM), 31.v.1986 (1♀, USNM), 5.vi.1986 (1♀, USNM), P.G. Co, Camp Springs, Malaise trap, G.F. Hevel, 28.viii.1979 (1♀, USNM), 6.ix.1979 (1♀, USNM), 14.ix.1979 (1♀, USNM), 15.ix.1979 (2♀, USNM), NC: Highlands, 3800', 21.v.1957, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC358534 (1♂, CNC), Cashiers, 12.vii.1957, W.R. Richards, CNC358351–358353 (3♀, CNC), Clingman’s Dome, 5.viii.1957, W.R. Richards, CNC358350 (1♀, CNC), Highlands, Horse Cove, 30.vii.1957, W.R. Richards, CNC358349 (1♀, CNC), Highlands, Little Bear Pen Mt., 5.viii.1957, W.R. Richards, CNC358348 (1♀, CNC), Highlands, 14.vii.1957, W.R. Richards, CNC358331 (1♂, CNC), 16.viii.1957, CNC358359, CNC358360 (2♀, CNC), 1158 m, 17.viii.1957, J.G. Chillcott, CNC358344 (1♀, CNC), 18.vii.1957, J.G. Chillcott, CNC358339 (1♂, CNC), 1158 m, 21.v.1957, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC358328 (1♂, CNC), 21.vii.1957, W.R. Richards, CNC358327, CNC358329, CNC358330 (3♂, CNC), 1158 m, 21.viii.1957, J.G. Chillcott, CNC358343 (1♀, CNC), W.R. Richards, CNC358361–358366 (6♀, CNC), 22.viii.1957, W.R. Richards, CNC358367–358370 (4♀, CNC), 1158 m, 23.viii.1957, J.G. Chillcott, CNC358338 (1♂, CNC), W.R. Richards, CNC358371 (1♀, CNC), 27.viii.1957, W.R. Richards, CNC358372, CNC358373 (2♀, CNC), 29.vii.1957, W.R. Richards, CNC358332 (1♂, CNC), 1158 m, 3.vi.1957, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC358345, CNC358346 (2♀, CNC), 5.viii.1957, J.G. Chillcott, CNC358333–358337, CNC358340–358342 (5♂ 3♀, CNC), Macon Co., Wayah Gap, 1249 m, 29.vii.1957, J.G. Chillcott, CNC358374 (1♀, CNC), NH: Gorham, 15.vii.1958, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC358462 (1♀, CNC), Fabyan, 30.vi.1936, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), NJ: Hemlock Falls, Aug, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM), NM: Grant Co., ca. 20 mi n. Silver City, 32°57'N, 108°10'W, 7100', meadow, creek, 11.viii.2007, J.D. King, CNC358528 (1♂, CNC), NY: Trudeau, 15.vii.1977, S.W.T. Batra (1♂, USNM), Long Island, Cold Spring Harbor, July, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), PA: Susquehanna Co., Rushboro, 12.v.1964, J.G. Chillcott, CNC358465 (1♂, CNC), Chester Co., Toughkenamon, Stroud Res. Ctr., 39°51'37", 75°46'58", 14.ix.2007, E. Lake (2♂, UDCC), nr. Toughkenamon, Stroud Res. Ctr., N39 51 37.2, W75 46 58.2 (1♀, UDCC), 14.ix.2007, C.R. Bartlett (1♀, UDCC), Oxford, 3.ix.2000, Malaise trap, R.L. Snyder (1♀, UDCC), TN: Knoxville, 20.v.1957, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC358375 (1♀, CNC), VA: Augusta Co., Reed’s Gap, 792 m, 7.iv.1962, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC358466 (1♂, CNC), Blacksburg, 28.v.1962, J.G. Chillcott, CNC358376 (1♀, CNC), Montgomery Co., Christiansburg, ex flowers Umbelliferae, 21.vi.1962, J.G. Chillcott, CNC358377 (1♀, CNC), Montomery Co., Longshop, 548 m, 29.v.1962, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC358323 (1♂, CNC), Arlington 4-mile Run, 18.v.1977, W.N. Mathis (1♀, USNM), Veitch, 9.v.1912, J.R. Malloch (1♀, USNM), Great Falls, “vi-1”, G.E. Quinter (1♀, USNM), Falls Church, Holmes Run, W.W. Wirth, 27.vii.1960 (1♂, USNM), 6.vi.1961, light trap (1♂, USNM), Fairfax Co., Alexandria, Four Mile Run, 6.ix.1976, W.N. Mathis (1♂, USNM), Page Co., 7mi W of Lunay, 8.vii.1978, G.F. Hevel (2♀, USNM), WV: Greenbrier Co., Charmco, 6.ix.1983, G.F. and J.F. Hevel (1♂, USNM), WV: Thermopolis, 30.viii.1940, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM).
Melanagromyza buccalis is a relatively abundant species most easily recognised by its angled gena, which is highest anterior to the midpoint of the eye. The distiphallus (dark distal outer casing and one pair of dark dorsolateral projections) is also diagnostic. Some specimens, even within collecting events, differ from others in being relatively dark or with a swollen fronto-orbital plate that may be accompanied by widely spaced ori, similar to the state observed in the M. virens group.
Agromyza burgessi Malloch, 1913a: 323.
Melanagromyza burgessi. Frick 1952: 378 [as synonym M. lappae (Loew)], 1953: 69, 1959: 363;
Melanagromyza malefica
Spencer, 1981: 46.
Wing length 2.7–3.1 mm (♂), 2.9–3.6 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.7. Eye height divided by gena height: 2.2–3.0. Gena strongly angled, highest posteriorly. Fronto-orbital plate and parafacial projecting and conspicuous, obscuring base of antenna (seen laterally) and continuing under eye as cheek; fronto-orbital plate well-developed, setae slightly inset. Clypeus strongly bowed laterally with anterior margin shallowly rounded to slightly truncated medially. Ocellar triangle subshiny and ill-defined.
Chaetotaxy : Four or five ori; two ors. Ocellar setulae short and slightly proclinate, with setulae on posterior 1/3 sometimes reclinate. Orbital setulae short, in three rows, reclinate. Eye bare. Two dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setulae in ten irregular rows. Three very strong anepisternal setae. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body, including halter, dark brown in base colour, sometimes with faint blue or greenish shine evident on notum. Parafacial, antenna and gena sometimes paler. Calypter margin and hairs brown. Abdomen with light coppery, greenish, or bluish shine (only coppery observed in this study).
Genitalia
: (Figs
Unknown.
USA: CA, CO, IL, IN, KS, MA, MD*, MI, ND, NY.
Holotype [burgessi]: USA. MA: Beverly, 2.vi.1876, Burgess (1♀, USNM; type No. 15685).
Paratypes [burgessi]: USA. ND: Tower City, 5.vi.1906, G.I. Reeves, Webster No. 3122 (2♀, USNM), CO: “Colo”, “1563” (1♀, USNM).
Holotype [maelifica]: USA. CA: San Diego Co., La Mesa, 23.iii.1962, P.A. Rude (1♂, CAS). [Not examined]
USA. IN: Lafayette, “v-20”, swept from wint. wheat (1♀, USNM), Evansville, 7.v.1914, swept from wint. wheat, J.M. Aldrich (1♀, USNM), KS: Manhattan, 4.v.1932, D.A. Wilbur (1♀, USNM), Manhattan, C.W. Sabrosky, 20.iv.1934 (3♂, USNM), 25.iv.1934 (1♀, USNM), MD: Montgomery Co., 4mi SW of Ashton, 27.v.1984, G.F. and J.F. Hevel (1♂, USNM), Bethseda, 3.vi.1972, G.C. Steyskal (1♀, USNM), MI: St. Joseph, 30.v.1938, C.W. Sabrosky (1♂, USNM).
Limnoagromyza dianthereae Malloch, 1920: 147.
Melanagromyza dianthereae.
Wing length 3.4–3.9 mm (♂), 4.4–5.0 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6–0.8. Eye height divided by gena height: 2.8–3.4. Male first flagellomere slightly enlarged, rounded, with longer hairs past base. Fronto-orbital plate and parafacial visible laterally, broadly rounded, and continuing under eye as very narrow cheek; fronto-orbital plate well-developed, setae slightly inset. Ocellar triangle long and narrow with anterior point open. Gena relatively short, slightly angled upwards anteriorly. Clypeus broadly rounded with anterior margin slightly thickened. Scutum with faint, thin longitudinal pruinose stripes medially.
Chaetotaxy : Three or four ori; two ors (one in CNC female paratype). Orbital setulae in three irregular rows, reclinate to erect, sometimes proclinate anteriorly. Ocellar setulae erect. Eye bare. Three dorsocentrals, with anterior seta close to second and ~ 3/5 length. Acrostichal setulae in ten irregular rows. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body, including halter, dark brown in base colour. Head nearly black and with greenish tint. Notum with greenish shine; anterolateral margin lighter brown with postpronotum particularly pale and with yellowish spots. Calypter margin and hairs white. Abdomen brown with green shine, sometimes becoming more blue posteriorly or with colour most pronounced medially and on posterior 1/2 of tergites.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Acanthaceae – Justicia americana (formerly treated as Dianthera).
USA: DC*, IL, IN, MD, VA*.
Holotype: USA. IL: Muncie, 15.viii.1917, Frison and Malloch (1♀, INHS). [Not examined]
USA. IN: Lafayette, 19.viii.1916, J.M. Aldrich, swept from Dianthera wildcat Cv. (1♂, USNM), swept from Dianthrea americana (1♂, USNM), Lafayette, on Dianthera americana, 2.vi.1915, J.M. Aldrich, CNC356825, CNC358427 (1♂ 1♀, CNC).
USA. DC: Rock Creek Park, 18.vii.1933, J.M. Aldrich (1♂ 2♀, USNM), Rock Creek Park, 14.viii.1931, on Dianthera americana (1♂, USNM), IN: Lafayette, J.M. Aldrich, swept from Dianthera americana, 11.v.1915 (1♂, USNM), 11.vi.1915 (3♂, USNM), 18.vi.1915 (2♂ 2♀, USNM), 21.viii.1916 (1♂, USNM), Lafayette, J.M. Aldrich, 18.viii.1916 (1♂, USNM), 10.vi.1915 (4♂ 5♀, USNM) 11.vi.1915 (1♂, USNM), vi-iv.1915 (1♀, USNM), 21.viii.1916 (1♀, USNM), Lafayette, on Dianthera 26.vi.1915 (2♂, USNM), 29.vi.1916 (1♂, USNM), “vii-14” (1♂, USNM), Lafayette, A.L. Melander, “vi-2” (3♂ 1♀, USNM), MD: Plummers Isl., 6.vii.1963, G. Steyskal (1♂ 1♀, USNM), Plummers Isl., K.V. Kromberin, 3.viii.1962 (1♂, USNM), 11.vii.1962 (4♂ 1♀, USNM), 9.vi.1963 (7♂ 2♀ 1?, USNM), 5.viii.1962 (1♂, USNM), 7.viii.1962 (1♂ 1♀, USNM), 1.ix.1962 (3♂ 6♀, 2?, USNM), 31.vii.1962 (2♂, USNM), VA: Fairfax Co., Potomac River at Scott Run, 7.vi.1955, C.W. Sabrosky (2♀, USNM).
Wing length 2.6–2.7 mm (♂). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6–0.9. Eye height divided by gena height: 5.3. Clypeus broadly rounded. Ocellar triangle and fronto-orbital plate subshiny to slightly matt with triangle reaching level of mid ori or nearly reaching lunule (tapering anteriorly), and fronto-orbital plate slightly visible laterally. Gena rounded, highest behind midpoint of eye.
Chaetotaxy : Three ori (sometimes four on one side); two ors. Orbital setulae in two irregular rows, erect to reclinate. Eye pilose dorsomedially, hairs relatively dense. Two dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setulae in eight irregular rows. Mid tibia with one posteromedial seta (shorter than width of tibia).
Colouration : Body, including halter, dark brown in base colour. Gena, parafacial, distal margin of pedicel and inner-distal margin of fronto-orbital plate paler. Notum faintly greenish (faded anteriorly), and femora sometimes also slightly reflective. Calypter margin and hairs white. Abdomen with bluish (MD-Bethseda), greenish (IN, PA) or coppery shine (MD-Plummers Isl.).
Genitalia
: (Figs
The specific name indicates similarity to M. osoflacensis Spencer, while indicating is relative eastern distribution (eos – Gr. for east).
Unknown.
USA: IN, MD, PA, VA.
Holotype: USA. MD: Montgomery Co., Bethseda, 3.vi.1972, G. Steyskal (1♂, USNM).
Paratype: USA. IN: LaFayette, 10.v.1915, swept from grass, J.M. Aldrich (1♂, USNM), MD: Plummers Isl., 20.iv.1921, H.S. Barber (1♂, USNM), PA: Lewiston, 7.vi.1940, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM).
USA. VA: Blacksburg, 2100', 1.vi.1962, J.G. Chillcott (1♂[only wing and genitalia remaining], CNC).
Melanagromyza eoflacensis can be partially diagnosed by a single posteromedial seta on the mid tibia (not two), but similar species (M. angelicae, M. osoflacensis, M. panacis, M. subvirens, M. brunkei) may be easily misidentified as this taxon, particularly if one or both of the mid tibiae are damaged. As such, the genitalia should always be examined for verification. The phallus of M. eoflacensis is distinct in having a space between the basiphallus and distiphallus that is nearly equal to the height of the basiphallus, the mesophallus only slightly projects past the base of the distiphallus, and seen laterally, the distiphallus has a thick dorsobasal section ending in a pronounced bulge before it abruptly narrows (similar to the state seen in M. angelicae).
The terminalia of Melanagromyza angelicae (Figs
The genitalic illustration of this species was erroneously provided for Melanagromyza osoflacensis Spencer in
The Virginia male is only tentatively included as most of the body is missing (only one wing is left on the pin) and the genitalia are preserved on a mini-prep slide on an angle that does not allow for fully confident identification, but it appears to agree with the above description.
(Figs
Chaetotaxy : Three or four ori, sometimes with slightly larger gap between anterior two setae; two ors. Orbital setulae dense, in several irregular rows, reclinate to erect. Ocellar setulae erect. Eye broadly pilose dorsomedially. Third dorsocentral (variable from slightly longer than setulae to 2/3 length of second dc) sometimes present directly in front of second dorsocentral in male. Acrostichal setulae in eight irregular rows. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body, including halter, dark brown in base colour. Scutum shiny with faint greenish reflection. Calypter margin and hairs white. Abdomen (excluding tergite 1) sometimes coppery, with light blue shine usually evident posteriorly.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Variation: Male from Plummers Island differs as follows: two ori; frons with several longitudinal wrinkles on each side of ocellar triangle; wing length 3.5 mm; length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 0.5; eye height divided by gena height: 4.8; abdomen with light blue shine; lateral margin of basiphallus less sculptured; lateral plate on dorsal lobe of distiphallus less pronounced, without medial scales. Several specimens from Turkey Run with wing length 3.0–3.2 mm (♂), 3.4 mm (♀), abdomen and notum distinctly green with apex of abdomen bluish, and phallus slightly smaller and paler.
Unknown.
USA: MD, SC, VA.
Gr. glyptos for carved, referring to sculptured outer lateral surface of distiphallus.
Holotype: USA. NC: Buncombe Co., 4 km SW Black Mtn., 21–27.1986, W.E. Steiner, Malaise trap, mixed deciduous and hemlock forest nr. small stream (1♂, USNM).
Paratypes: USA. MD: Montgomery Co., Plummers Island, 38°58'N, 77°10'W, Malaise trap, lower trap, 24.iv-7.v.2006, D.R. Smith and J.W. Brown (1♂ 1♀, USNM; 1♀, CNC), Plummers Isl., 11.vii.1915, R.C. Shannon (1♂, USNM). VA: Shenandoah, Lewis Falls, 4.vii.1939, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Fairfax Co., Turkey Run Park, nr. mouth of Turkey Run, 38°57.9'N, 7°09.4'W, Malaise trap, D.R. Smith, 29.iii-25.iv.2005 (1♂ 5♀, USNM; 1♂, CNC), 26.iv-2.v.2007 (12♂ 9♀, USNM), river, 14–17.v.2006 (2♀, USNM), Turkey Run Park, nr. headquarters bldg. 38°57.7'N, 77°08.9'N, Malaise trap, 29.iii-17.iv.2007, D.R. Smith (2♂ 1♀, USNM; 1♂, CNC), Great Falls Park, swamp trail, 38°59.4'N, 77°15.2'W, Malaise trap, 24.iv-2.v.2007, D.R. Smith (1♂, USNM; 1♀, CNC), Shenandoah, N Park Pinnacles, 19.vii.1952, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM).
Melanagromyza glyptos and M. diantherae are superficially similar, being large and stout-bodied with a blue metallic shine and more than five fronto-orbital setae. The two species are otherwise quite different in both outward and genitalic morphology, and can be easily diagnosed using the characters listed in the key.
Melanagromyza matricarioides
Spencer, 1969: 72.
Wing length 2.3 mm (♂). Female unknown (see variation). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.7. Eye height divided by gena height: 5.7. Gena highest behind midpoint of eye. Clypeus rounded, relatively thin and with arms slightly converging apically. Fronto-orbital plate and ocellar triangle subshiny. Fronto-orbital plate well-developed, relatively narrow, broadest behind midpoint of eye but not bulging, with swelling very shallow and indistinct; setae inset. Ocellar triangle narrow with anterior point open. Parafacial projecting dorsally.
Chaetotaxy : Two broadly separated ori; two ors. Orbital setulae in two irregular rows, becoming sparser posteriorly, erect to slightly proclinate. Ocellar setulae erect. Eye pilose in small spot dorsomedially. Two dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setulae in eight irregular rows. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body, including halter, dark brown in base colour. Inner margin of fronto-orbital plate (more so anteriorly) and anterior corner of ocellar triangle sometimes light brown. Notum with faint greenish shine posteriorly (blue-green in holotype). Abdomen with green shine (bluer in holotype). Gena, notopleuron, postpronotum, and parafacial sometimes paler. Wing veins pale. Calypter margin and hairs white.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Variation : Of the two non-type specimens mentioned in the original description, only the female could be located. This specimen differs as follows: wing length 2.6 mm; eye height divided by gena height 5.1; eye with smaller patch of setulae dorsally adjoining eye; fronto-orbital plate more abruptly bulging at midpoint to ~ ¼ width of frons, setulae in up to three irregular rows; abdomen with green shine. Possibly not conspecific, although most other possible local species to which it may belong in the M. virens group have the head longer towards the dorsum, and none except this species are known from Anthemis.
Asteraceae subfamily Asteroideae – Matricaria matricariodes, Anthemis sp., A. cotula, Rudbeckia laciniata[?].
Canada: ON. USA: MD, PA[?].
Holotype: Canada. ON: Ottawa, em. 4.vii.1955, ex. “stem mine in pineapple weed” [Matricaria matricarioides], leg. G. Lewis, reared J.F. McAlpine, CNC358428 (1♂, CNC; Type No. 10366).
Canada. ON: Ottawa, 25.vii.1962, J.R. Vockeroth, em. 26.vii.1962 from cultivated Anthemis (1♀, CNC). USA. MD: Ft. Detrich, 29.vi.1976, SWT Batra, AC-1 ex. Anthemis cotula L. (1♂, USNM).
The Maryland male presents the second record of Melanagromyza matricarioides in the United States following
This species belongs to the Melanagromyza virens group, revealed by the widely spaced ori, and by the surstylus, which is incredibly similar to that of M. virens itself, although the long palisade-like setae are arranged in a much more discrete apical cluster. The distiphallus is slightly more compressed dorsoventrally (not teardrop-shaped) and has one pair of characteristic shallow carinae along the dorsolateral margin.
Melanagromyza minimoides
Spencer, 1966b: 13.
Melanagromyza radicicola
Steyskal, 1981: 40.
Wing length 1.9–2.1 mm (♂), 2.1–2.3 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6–0.7. Eye height divided by gena height: 5.0–6.3. Gena angulate, highest near midpoint of eye. Clypeus broadly rounded. Fronto-orbital plate and ocellar triangle mostly ill-defined; ocellar triangle rounded anteriorly, extending to region between ors, subshiny. Fronto-orbital plate slightly visible to not visible when head viewed laterally; well-developed but relatively narrow compared to most congeners, slightly subshiny, setae slightly inset.
Chaetotaxy : Two ori; two ors. Orbital setulae in two irregular rows, erect to reclinate. Eye bare or with few minute, sparsely arranged hairs. Ocellar and postocellar setae well-developed, but thin. Two dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setulae in eight irregular rows. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body, including halter, dark brown in base colour. Gena slightly pale. Notum greenish, sometimes becoming bluish anteriorly. Calypter margin and hairs brown. Abdomen metallic green, sometimes coppery.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Asteraceae – Borrichia frutescens, Helenium flexuosum, Helianthus annuus, Heliopsis helianthoides, Melanthera nivea, Rudbeckia laciniata, Symphyotrichum simmondsii, Verbesina encelioides, V. virginica. Cucurbitaceae – Cucurbita foetidissima. Urticaceae – Urtica dioica, U. gracilis subsp. holosericea (
USA: AR, CA, FL, IA, MD, MO*, MT*, NM*, OH, TX. Argentina. Bolivia. Brazil. Dominican Republic. Guadeloupe. Mexico. Venezuela. Uruguay.
Holotype [minimoides]. USA. FL: Hialeah, 10–14.ii.1964, ex. seeds of Verbesina sp., leg. 2.ii.1964, C.E. Stegmaier (1♂, USNM [on card with female paratype]).
Paratype [minimoides]. USA. FL: Same data as holotype (1♀, USNM), Miami Dodge Is., 2.iii.1966, ex seeds Borrichia frutescens, em. 4.iii.1966, K.A. Spencer, CNC358429 (1♂, CNC).
Holotype [radicicola]. USA. MD: Bethseda, xii.1979, G.C. Steyskal, “emerged indoors from nettle st.” (1♂, USNM).
Mexico. Durango: 20.ix.1936, C.S. Rude (1♂, USNM). USA. FL: Hialeah, 15.xi.1964, C. Stegamier, ex. Verbesina (1♂ 1♀, USNM), Key Largo, beach on NE, 13.xii.1985, A.L. Norrbom, reared ex. flower of Borrichia frutescens (L.) DC (14♂ 14♀ [seven with puparia], USNM), Key Largo, Pennekamp State Park, 13.xii.1985, A.L. Norrbom, reared ex. flower head of Borrichia frutescens (L.) (1♂, USNM), Big Pine Key, 13.xii.1985, ex. flower head of Borrichia frutescens (L.) (1♂ 2♀, USNM), Dade Co., Naranja, 12.xii.1985, A.L. Norrbom, reared ex flower head of Bidens alba v. radiata (1♂, USNM), IA: Winneshiek Co., Decorah, Will Baker Park, 43°18'9.12"N, 91°48'42.15"W, 10–13.viii.2017, J. van der Linden, Rudbeckia laciniata, em. by 16.viii.2017, #CSE4945, CNC1643663–1643667 (2♂ 3♀, CNC), MD: Montgomery Co., Bethseda, G. Steyskal, 31.viii.1970 (1♀, USNM), 30.viii.1970 (1♂, USNM), reared ex. flower heads of Heliopsis helianthoides, 21.viii.1970 (2♂ 7♀ 8puparia, USNM), 24.viii.1970 (4♂ 3♀, USNM), 26.viii.1970 (1♂, USNM), 27.viii.1970 (3♂ 1♀, USNM), 28.viii.1970 (2♀, USNM), 30.viii.1970 (1♂ 3♀, USNM), 31.viii.1970 (1♀, USNM), 2.ix.1970 (3♀, USNM), 9.ix.1970 (1♂ 3♀, USNM), 26.ix.1970 (2♀, USNM) reared ex. flower heads of Rudbeckia lacinata, 13.viii.1970 (1♀, USNM), 24.viii.1970 (1♀, USNM), 28.ix.1970 (1♂, USNM), 1.ix.1970 (3♂, USNM), 2.ix.1970 (1♀, USNM), 6.ix.1970 (2♂, USNM), 8.ix.1970 (1♂ 1♀, USNM), 9.ix.1970 (2♂ 1♀, USNM), 10.ix.1970 (3♂ 1♀, USNM), 11.ix.1970 (1♂ 1♀, USNM), 14.ix.1970 (1♂ 3♀, USNM), 16.ix.1970 (2♂ 1♀, USNM), 17.ix.1970 (2♂ 7♀, USNM), 20.ix.1970 (1♀, USNM), viii-ix.1971 (1♀ 7puparia, USNM), 13.viii.1974 (puparia, USNM), 23.viii.1974 (1♀, USNM), 31.viii.1971 (2♀, USNM), 2.ix.1971 (6♀, USNM), 4.ix.1971 (1♀, USNM), 3.ix.1972 (1♀, USNM), 11.ix.1972 (1♀[with puparium], USNM), 1.ix.1974 (7♀[with puparia], USNM), 12.ix.1974 (12♀, USNM), MO: St. Louis, 6.28, reared ex Helianthus pitcheriana, Webster Grve, No. 33125, Satterthwaite (5♂ 9♀[gel capsule], USNM), MT: St. Louis Webster Grvs, No. 22195, “7.30”, reared from Heliopsis, Satterthwaite Collector (2♂ 3♀, USNM), NM: Roosevelt Co., Portales, 4000ft, Malaise trap, 23–26.viii.1993, O’Hara and Jorgensen, debu00128110 (1♂, DEBU), TX: Hidalgo Co., Weslaco, ii.1975, C.E. Rogers, larva in Helianthus annuus (3♂ 2♀, USNM).
Wing length 2.5–2.7 mm (♂), 2.4–2.8 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6–0.7. Eye height divided by gena height: 2.1–5.9. Clypeus broadly rounded. Ocellar triangle and fronto-orbital plate subshiny. First flagellomere narrow, not broadly rounded below. Fronto-orbital plate and parafacial projecting with portion visible laterally 1/2 height of first flagellomere; fronto-orbital plate well-developed, setae inset. Ocellar triangle subshiny to matt, sometimes appearing to end at posterior ori, but if anterior margin ill-defined, then appearing to continue to lunule. Gena rounded, highest behind midpoint of eye.
Chaetotaxy : Three ori (four on one side of IN male); two ors. Orbital setulae short, in up to four irregular rows, erect to reclinate. Eye pilose dorsomedially. Two dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setulae in eight to ten irregular rows. Mid tibia with one or (more commonly) two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body, including halter, dark brown in base colour. Notum greenish (faded anteriorly); femora sometimes also slightly reflective. Calypter margin and hairs white. Abdomen with greenish shine, sometimes becoming slightly coppery/reddish.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Unknown.
USA: IN, VA.
L. rutrum for spade, shovel, referring to the shape of the large ejaculatory apodeme.
Holotype: USA. VA: Fairfax Co., Great Falls Park, quarry, 38°59.1'N, 77°14.8'W, Malaise trap, D.R. Smith, 24.iv-2.v.2007 (1♂, USNM).
Paratypes: USA. IN: La Fayette, 11.v.1916, J.M. Aldrich (1♂ 2♀, USNM), VA: Same collection as holotype (1♂ 2♀, USNM; 2♀, CNC), 3–10.v.2007 (3♀, USNM).
Melanagromyza rutella is dark (i.e., without a slightly paler gena, shoulders, etc.) with a white calypter and three ori on both sides of the frons. The gena is also often relatively high, the blade of the ejaculatory apodeme is nearly diamond-shaped, the distiphallus is stout and strongly flared apically, the ventrolateral tubules of the phallus are distinct and sometimes broadly looped, and the distiphallus has a single internal rectangular pad with numerous transverse rows of small spines.
There is a resemblance to Melanagromyza urticae Eiseman and Lonsdale (
Melanagromyza splendida
Frick, 1953b: 207.
Wing length 1.8–2.6 mm (♂), 1.9–2.6 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.5–0.7. Eye height divided by gena height: 3.9–6.9. Deepest portion of gena 1/3–1/2 distance from anterior margin. Fronto-orbital plate not projecting, sometimes slightly visible in lateral view; strongly swollen in males, 25–28% frons width, narrowing anteriorly; narrower in females, 16–23% frons width; setae inset along inner margin of plate. Clypeus broadly rounded. Ocellar triangle slightly longer than wide.
Chaetotaxy : Two ori with anterior seta strongly displaced anteriorly; two ors. Eye extensively pilose, hairs sparse excluding dense dorsal patch. Orbital setulae erect to reclinate, slightly proclinate anteriorly (mostly inner row), in up to three or four irregular rows; setulae longer in male. Two dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setulae in eight irregular rows. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body, including halter, dark brown in base colour. Fronto-orbital plate sometimes whitish along anteromedial margin. Notal colour ranging from brilliant green to dull green with coppery tint. Calypter margin and hairs white. Abdomen metallic green, sometimes bronze (Austin, TX).
Genitalia
: (Figs
Variation : One AZ male (dissected) with fronto-orbital plate swollen to 1/3 width of frons (ie. similar to M. virens). Dissected Newark (DE) male, possibly a separate species, differs as follows: dark distoventral process on distiphallus highly reduced, distiphallus slightly more quadrate in outline (seen ventrally), and surstylus not downturned apically, but with long tubercule-like setae typical of M. matricariodes and M. virens; clypeus distinctly truncated apically and orbit slightly less swollen medially.
Asteraceae – Ambrosia, Bidens, Centaurea*, Cineraria*, Coreopsis*, Erechtites, Flaveria, Gaillardia, Galinsoga*, Gnaphalium, Helianthus, Hymenoxis*, Lactuca, Parthenium, Tagetes, Zinnia. Cucurbitaceae – Cucurbita. Apiaceae – Apium, Daucus. NC record of feeding on potato requires verification.
USA: AZ, CA, DE*, FL, HI, IL, IN*, MD*, MI[?], MO*, NC*, NY[?], SC[?], TX*. Argentina*. Bahamas. Chile. Jamaica. Mexico.
Holotype: USA. HI: Kamuela, 5.xii.1950, ex. celery (1♂, USNM).
Paratype: USA. HI: same data as holotype (1♀, USNM).
Argentina. Salta: Rt. 34, 4 km S Metan, i.1983, Galinsoga parviflora, tunneling inside stems (1♂ 1♀, USNM), Jujuy: Rt. 9, 1 km S Maimara, 31.xii.1982, Hymenoxis robusta, tunneling inside stem (1♀, USNM). Bahamas. Bimini Isl., 22–31.i.1968, light trap, G.M. Stokes (2♂, USNM). Chile. Valdivia: Santiago, 4.v.1978, 78.3999, reared ex. sunflower stalk (1♂, USNM). USA. AZ: Yuma, 20.v.1968, D.M. Tuttle (2♂ 2♀, USNM), CA: Ortega Hiwy., near summit, 11.vi.1944, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), San Simeon, 31.viii.1945, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM), Orange Co., Fullerton, 13.ii.1969, R.D. Goeden and D.W. Ricker, insectary reared on Ambrosia psilostachya Decandolle (2♂, USNM), Santa Barbara Co., Santa Barbara, 22.iv.1969, R.D. Goeden and D.W. Ricker, insectary reared on Ambrosia psilostachya (2♂ [with puparia], USNM), San Bernardino Co., Highland, 2.v.1969, R.D. Goeden and D.W. Ricker, insectary reared on Ambrosia acanthicarpa Hook. (1♀ [with puparium], USNM), Cucamonga, 20.v.1969, R.D. Goeden and D.W. Ricker, insectary reared on Ambrosia acanthicarpa Hook. (1♀ [with puparium], USNM), Salinas, 1.xi.1930, Bred from [illegible]ule (1♂, USNM), L.A. Co., Westwood Hills, 3.xi.1938, ex Cineraria stems acc. 94 (1♂, USNM), DE: Lum’s Pond, 17.vii.1974, D. Buntin (2♂, USNM), Newark, D. Buntin, 19.viii.1974 (2♂, USNM), 10.vii.1975 (1♂, USNM), 9.vi.1975 (1♂, USNM), FL: Dade Co., Naranja, 12.xii.1985, A.L. Norrbom (1♂, USNM), Highlands Co., Archibold Biological Sta., 24.iii.1969, S.W. Frost, CNC358443 (1♂, CNC), Highland Co., Archibold Biol. Sta., 24.iv.1967, B.V. Peterson, CNC358464 (1♂, CNC), HI: Honolulu, 6.v.1929, ex Cornflower (Centaurea), J.F. Illingworth (2♂, USNM), 7.v.1929 (1♂ 1♀, USNM), 8.v.1929 (1♀, USNM), IL: Champaign, tomato leaves, 12.ix.1957, J.F. McAlpine, CNC358451 (1♂, CNC), Alhambra, 24.vi.1937, reared from sunflower, destroying stem, Satterthwaite (4♂ 10♀, USNM), IN: Lafayette, J.M. Aldrich, “vii-21” (1♂, USNM), “x-14” (1♂, USNM), 4.ix.1916 (1♂, USNM), “vii-26” (1♂, USNM), “6-27” (1♂, USNM), “v-23” (1♂, USNM), “v-27” (2♂, USNM), [no date] (1♂, USNM), MD: College Park, 2.viii.1931, C.T. Greene (1♂, USNM), NC: Chadboura, 27.v.1910, feeding on potato, E.G. Smyth (1♂, USNM), MO: Webster Groves, 17.v.1932, Helianthus tuberosa, Satterthwaite (1♀, USNM), [locality not provided, likely Webster Groves], 32165b, Helianthus tuberosa (1♂, USNM), TX: Galveston, vi.1900, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Mexico, in carrot, Laredo, Tx., 31255, 18.i.1943, Lot No. 43-1075 (1♂, USNM), 31457, 13.ii.1943, Lot No. 43-1590 (1♂ 1♀, USNM), Mexico, in carrot root, El Paso, 33818, Lot No. 42-6728 (1♀, USNM).
The short, squat distiphallus is highly characteristic of this species, especially the bulging laterodistal region that appears as a transverse fold. Male dissection is recommended for confident identification.
While Melanagromyza splendida has previously been recorded as far north as New York and Michigan in the United States, almost all of the northern males identified by previous authors dissected here have been M. virginiensis. The remaining specimens for which previous Michigan, New York, and South Carolina records of M. splendida were based (
Several Texas records, which may represent interceptions from Mexico, note carrot as host. When considering the economic significance of carrots, the widespread occurrence of the fly, and the absence of previous rearing records, it is possible that the labels are in error or Daucus is not a preferred host.
Agromyza subvirens Malloch, 1915a: 105.
Melanagromyza subvirens. Frick, 1959: 366;
Wing length 2.8–3.2 mm (♂), 3.4–3.5 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.5–0.6. Eye height divided by gena height: 5.0–5.5. Gena highest at ~ anterior 1/3, angled upwards anteriorly, with distinct cheek. Fronto-orbital plate well-developed, slightly visible laterally, setae slightly inset. Clypeus broadly rounded. Fronto-orbital plate and ocellar triangle slightly less matt than surrounding frons. Ocellar triangle reaching second ori from rear.
Chaetotaxy : Five to six fronto-orbitals with posterior one or two reclinate (ors). Ocellar setulae short, reclinate, in two irregular rows. Eye sparsely pilose dorsomedially, sometimes slightly denser in male. Anterior genal seta sometimes vibrissa-like. Two dorsocentral setae; MD male with third dorsocentral on left side. Acrostichal setulae in eight irregular rows. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body, including halter, dark brown in base colour; female darker, blackish. Scutellum with faint greenish shine in male, female sometimes with bluish tint. Calypter margin and hairs white. Abdomen with green or bluish green shine, and females sometimes with strong blue shine only. Slightly reddish, at least on antenna and gena, and sometimes more widespread.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Unknown.
USA: IA, IL, MD*, NC*, PA, VA.
Holotype: USA. IL: St. Joseph, 17.v.1914, C.A. Hart and J.R. Malloch (1 ♀, INHS). [Not examined].
Paratype: USA. IL: St. Joseph, 17.v.1914, Salt Fork (1♀, USNM).
USA. IL: Oregon, 21.vi.1917, en copulae; CNC358452 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), MD: Laurel, 1.vi.1965, Malaise trap, CNC358454, CNC358455, CNC358456 (3♀, CNC), nr. Plummers Isl., 2.v.1915, R.C. Shannon (1♀, USNM), Montgomery Co., Bethseda, 26.v.1968, G. Steyskal (1♂, USNM), NC: Wilson’s Gap, 944 m, 25.v.1957, J.R. Vockeroth, CNC358453 (1♂, CNC).
Melanagromyza vernoniae
Steyskal, 1981: 41.
Wing length 3.1–3.5 mm (♂), 2.8–3.4 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6–0.7. Eye height divided by gena height: 4.6–5.5. Clypeus broadly rounded. Male eye with short, scattered setulae covering dorsomedial region of eye (setulose region relatively narrow compared to M. vernoniana) that may sometimes be relatively dense; female eye virtually bare. Fronto-orbital plate slightly widened at middle, only slightly more than one quarter width of frons at widest point; subshiny; bulging anteriorly and slightly visible laterally, sometimes continuing as ring below eye. Ocellar triangle relatively narrow and parallel-sided, reaching level of posterior ori.
Chaetotaxy : Two ori with anterior seta strongly displaced anteriorly (one IN male with additional seta between standard ori that is weak on left side and well-developed on right); two ors with anterior seta slightly inclinate. Orbital setulae with up to three irregular, scattered rows, generally erect, slightly reclinate anteriorly and proclinate posteriorly and along outer row; relatively long and bushy, considerably longer than ommatrichia (more so in males). Two dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setulae in eight irregular rows. Katepisternum with one to several short setae clustered dorsomedially. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body, including halter, dark brown in base colour; pedicel and scape sometimes slightly paler brown. Notum with slight bluish shine that may be slightly greenish, especially on posterior third of scutum and on scutellum. Calypter margin and hairs white. Abdomen with strong metallic green shine. MN male with abdomen blue. IN specimens with notum greenish (not blue) and abdomen greenish coppery in males and green to blue in females.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Asteraceae – Vernonia noveboracensis.
USA: DC, IN*, MN*.
Holotype [vernoniae]: USA. DC: 18.x.1969, D. Anderson, Vernonia noveboracensis, emg. indoors after refrigeration 19.xii.1969 (1♂, USNM).
Paratypes [vernoniae]: USA. DC: Washington, E Bank CandO Canal nr. Ariz. Ave., reared from larva in stem Vernonia noveboracensis, D.M. Anderson, 23.i.1970 (1♂, USNM), 28.iii.1970 (2♂, USNM).
USA. DC: Washington, E Bank CandO Canal nr. Ariz. Ave., 14.x.1969, D.M. Anderson, Reared from larvae in stem Vernonia noveboracensis, 23.ii.1970 (3♀, USNM), Washington, E Bank CandO Canal nr. Ariz. Ave., 28.iii.1970, D.M. Anderson, Reared from larvae in stem Vernonia noveboracensis (1♀, USNM), IN: LaFayette, J.M. Aldrich, v-23 (1♂ 1♀, USNM), v-27 (6♂ 3♀, USNM), v-28 (1♂, USNM), iv-27 (3♂, USNM), vi-10 (1♂, USNM), vi-22 (1♀, USNM), vi-23 (1♂, USNM), vii-8 (1♀, USNM), 6-27 (1♂, USNM), MN: New Ulm, 30.v.1916, J.M. Aldrich (1♂, USNM).
Melanagromyza vernoniana
Steyskal, 1981: 41.
Melanagromyza verbesinae
Spencer in
Wing length 2.3–2.8 mm. Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6–0.8. Eye height divided by gena height: 4.1–5.0. Clypeus broadly rounded. Pilosity on male eye dense and relatively broad dorsally, covering most of dorsal third of eye. Fronto-orbital plate slightly widened at middle, not exceeding 1/5 width of frons; subshiny; reaching level of posterior ori.
Chaetotaxy : Two ori with anterior pair of setae widely separated from second pair; two ors. Orbital setulae in up to three irregular rows, reclinate to slightly lateroclinate with inner row partially proclinate; as long as eye setulae, and slightly darker and much less densely arranged compared to eye setulae. Two dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setulae in eight irregular rows. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body, including halter, dark brown in base colour; pedicel and portions of frons sometimes slightly paler. Notum with faint greenish to bluish shine; indistinct in poorly preserved specimens. Calypter margin and hairs white. Abdomen with strong metallic green shine, sometimes bronze.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Variation : See comments section.
Asteraceae – Helianthus annuus*, H. tuberosus*, Helenium autumnale*, Verbesina alternifolia, Vernonia noveboracensis.
Canada: ON*. USA: DC, IL*, IN*, MD, MO*, OH, OK*, TN, TX, VA*, VT*, WI*.
Holotype [vernoniana]: USA. MD: Cropley, 20.x.1968, D.M. Anderson, emg. Ex. stem Vernonia noveboracensis (1♂, USNM).
Paratype [vernoniana]: USA. DC: Washington, E bank CandO Canal nr. Ariz. Ave., 28.iv.1970, D.M. Anderson, reared from larva in stem Vernonia noveboracensis (1♂, USNM).
Holotype [verbesinae]: USA. OH: Jennings Woods, 6.0mi NE Ravenna, 21.iii.1970, ex. stem Verbesina alternifolia (1♂, USNM).
[verbesinae]: USA. TN: East Ridge, 6.v.1952, G.S. Walley, CNC358449 (1♂, CNC), TX: Kerrville, swept ex meadow, 18.iv.1959, J.F. McAlpine, CNC358448 (1♂, CNC).
Canada. ON: Wellington Co., nr. Arkell, 43°33'18"N, 80°10'16"W, trail beside river, 24.vi.2010, O. Lonsdale, CNC358506 (1♂, CNC). USA. IL: Urbana, in Nat. Res. Mus., 5.v.1957, J.F. McAlpine, CNC358450 (1♂, CNC), Hinsdale, 25.x.1929, H[elianthus] tuberosus, Webster Grve, Satterthwaite, No. 29308818 (1♂, USNM), No. 29308817 (1♂, USNM), Hinsdale, [illegible], 25.x.1929, Webster Grvs, No. 29310a, [illegible], 8.i.1930, Satterthwaite (1♀, USNM), Chicago, 6.vi.1903, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), IN: Lafayette, 27.x.1915, reared from sunflower pith, Cage No. C1490, Satterthwaite (1♂, USNM), MD: Montgomery Co., Bethseda, 23.v.1970, G. Steyskal (1♂, USNM), MO: Black Jack, 28.x.1930, Webster Grove, Helianthus tuberosa, Satterthwaite, [illegible], No. 40319g, 13.iv.1931 (1♀, USNM), No. 30419a, 20.iv.1931 (1♂, USNM), Web Groves Sta., dead at cold room window, 14.iv.1933 (3♂ 4♀[gel capsule], USNM), 20.iv.1933 (2♀[with 2 Braconidae in gel capsule], USNM), 21.iv.1933 (1♀[with Braconidae in gel capsule], USNM), OK: Murray Co., Sulphur, Chickasaw Rec. Area, 4.vi.1979, S.andJ. Peck, prairie vegetation (1♂, DEBU), MO: Cross Keys, 1.xii.1932, dead 3.ii.1933, Webster Grv, No. 32S11, R.B. Swain (1[unemerged from puparium], USNM), Webster Grvs, No. 32052C, Helianthus annuus, laboratory garden, [date illegible], dead 11.v.1932, Satterthwaite (1♂, USNM), Webster Groves, Helianthus annuus, 23.iii.1930, No. 30012, issued 1.iv.1930, R.C. Lange (1♂, USNM), 16.iii.1931, No. 31025C, issued 14.iv.1931 (1♂, USNM), Webster Groves, sunflower, iss. [?].iii.1933, No. 33034R, Satterthwaite (1♂, USNM), iss. 4.iv.1933, 26.iii.1933 (1♂ 2♀, USNM), 26.iii.1933, No. 33039f, iss. 3.iv.1933 (1♂ 2♀, USNM), iss. 5.iv.1933, No. No. 33039f, 26.iii.1933 (1♂, USNM), iss. 30.iii.1933, No. 330392, 26.iii.1933 (1♂, USNM), Webster Groves, 26.vii.1929, reared from sunflower, issued 3.viii.1929, dead 3.viii.1929, No. 29162, Satterthwaite (1♂, USNM), Webster Groves, sunflower, issued 12.viii.1929, dead 8.13, No. 29161, 26.vii.1929, Satterthwaite (1♂, USNM), Webster Groves, 9.vi.1929, sunflower, Satterthwaite (1♀, USNM), 21.viii.1928 (1♀, USNM), Maplewood, 24.vii.1930, issued 22.viii.1930, Webster Grvs, No. 30246b, Satterthwaite (1♂, USNM), issued 25.viii.1930, No. 30246a (1♀, USNM), East St. Louis, [?], 9.ix.1929, sunflower, Webster Grvs, No. 2925290, issued ix.1930, J.B. Sahan (1♀, USNM), Cross Keys, Artichoke, Webster Grvs, R.B. Swain, 1.xii.1932, iss. 14.iii.1933, No. 32497p (1♂, USNM), 1.xii.1932, iss. 4.iii.1933, No. 32497t (1♂, USNM), 1.xii.1932, iss. 1.iv.1933, No. 32497aa (1♂, USNM), 1.xii.1932, iss. 29.iii.1933, No. 32497d (3♂ 1♀, USNM), 1.xii.1932, iss. 1.iv.1933, No. 32497ab (1♂, USNM), 1.xii.1932, iss. 5.iv.1933, No. 324970 (1♀, USNM), 1.xii.1932, iss. ?3.iv.1933, No. 32497h (1♀, USNM), 1.xii.1932, iss. 2.20, No. 33003 (1♀, USNM), Florrisant, Artichoke, Webster Grvs, 2.xii.1932, iss. 12.iv.1933, No. 32495 (1♀, USNM), Black Jack, Artichoke, Webster Grvs, R.B. Swain, 18.x.1932, iss. [illegible], No. 32476 (1♂, USNM), 1.xii.1932, iss. 31.iii.1933, No. 32497f (1♂, USNM), 1.xii.1932, iss. 13.iv.1933, No. 32446 (1♀, 6♂ 2♀[gel capsule], USNM), VA: Batesville, M.L. Bobb, 6.vi.1940 (1♂, VPIC), 26.iv.1939 (1♂, VPIC), 18.v.1940 (1♀, VPIC), 30.iv.1940 (1♂, VPIC), Fairfax Co., Great Falls Park, quarry, 38°59.1'N, 77°14.8'W, Malaise trap, 3–10.v.2007, D.R. Smith, CNC358447 (1♂, CNC), Charlottesv., 30.xi.1930, Webster Grvs, No. 30480s, Helianthus tuberosa, [illegible], 14.iv.1931, Dr. Phillips (1♀, USNM), 20.xi.1930, No. 30480h (1♀, USNM), VT: Plainfield, 24.vi.1980, B.V. Peterson, CNC358504 (1♂, CNC), WI: Grant Co., Thomas Wet. Prairie, 30.ix.1997, A.H. Williams, Helenium autumnale, [host plant] stripped of leaves and inflorescences, put into sterile containers over sterile soil and netted with hosiery, outdoors until 2.iii.1998 when caged in lab, em. 4–15.iv.1998, CNC934525–934529 (3♂ 2♀, WIRC).
While never directly compared in the literature, male terminalia and external morphology reveal strong similarities between Melanagromyza vernoniana and M. verbesinae, especially the phallus, which includes a distiphallus that is long and curved with the basal section abruptly swollen and globose with suspended ventrolateral tubules.
The examined Melanagromyza verbesinae paratypes have a faint greenish tint on the notum and a relatively broad, truncated surstylus, and were apparently used for the underlying original concept of the species. The wing length is also 2.4–2.8 mm, not 2.1 mm as noted in original description. Hosts are unknown for paratypes. Examination of the genitalia has also revealed that the basal section of the distiphallus is produced into one pair of weakly sclerotised, subtriangular dorsal plates. These genitalic features are also seen in the non-type material reared from “artichoke” (Figs
Aside from these type specimens, additional material has been examined exhibiting overlap in genitalic morphology between the two extremes outlined above. Some males have well-developed to reduced dorsal plates on the distiphallus and a narrower surstylus; specimens without these dorsal plates on the distiphallus sometimes have a stouter truncated surstylus, such as those reared from Helianthus tuberosus and one male from H. annuus. Colouration is also not as distinct as previously considered. The green or blue shine is faint and difficult to discern, and while some specimens are clearly greener or bluer compared to others, intermediate colouration is sometimes evident. The difference in colouration, however, is much less than that seen in other Melanagromyza species (although usually this is manifest on the abdomen, not the notum) and may be insignificant. The continuum of states seen in the genitalia, the similarities in colour and body length (which are not as disparate as previously considered), and the strong similarities in other external morphological features support the synonymy of these two species; this is compounded by the especially strong similarities between the M. verbesinae holotype and the type material of M. vernoniana. Rearing records of both extreme genitalic types from Helianthus further support synonymy.
Some of the newly recorded specimens examined here were reared from “artichoke” at Webster Groves. This may refer to Cynara scolymus, the “globe artichoke”, but it is more likely that it refers to Helianthus tuberosus, otherwise known as “Jerusalem artichoke”, also studied at Webster Groves. The Helenium-reared specimens were first reported as Melanagromyza sp. in
Agromyza virens Loew, 1869: 46.
Melanagromyza virens. Frick, 1952a: 380, 1957: 200 [lectotype designation], 1959: 367;
Melanagromyza heterothecae
Spencer, 1966b: 10. Syn
(Figs
Chaetotaxy : Two widely spaced ori; two ors. Orbital setulae relatively dense, long and bushy, especially in males where setulae usually exceed length of setulae on eye; in up to three or four rows; mostly lateroclinate, reclinate to erect, inner rows partially proclinate; brownish yellow. Eye narrowly pilose dorsomedially in male, nearly bare in female; relatively sparse on both. Two dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setulae in eight irregular rows. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body, including halter, dark brown in base colour. Notum with light greenish shine, sometimes bluish. Calypter margin and hairs white. Abdomen (excluding tergite 1) strongly coppery or metallic green, but sometimes hints of both colours present; sometimes bluish in male or with stronger metallic blue shine in female.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Variation
: (Figs
Asteraceae – Eupatorium capillifolium, Heterotheca subaxillaris.
Canada: BC, ON, NB*, QC. USA: DC, DE*, FL, IL, ID, MA, MD, NC*, NJ, NY*, PA, SC, TN*, VA*.
Lectotype [virens]: USA. PA: “Penn”, “Loew coll”, “virens m.” (1♀, MCZ; type No. 15703).
Holotype [heterothecae]: USA. FL: Hialeah, 18.vii.1962, ex. stem of Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. And Rusby, C.E. Stegmaier (1♂, originally deposited in USNM). [Missing]
Canada: NB: Sainte-Anne-de-Kent, 46°34'N, 64°47'W, 28–29.vii.2013, O. Lonsdale, CNC358532 (1♂, CNC). USA. DC: Washington, 17.viii.1913, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Washington, E bank CandO canal nr. Ariz. Ave., 23.i.1970, D.M. Anderson, reared from larva in stem Vernonia noveboracensis, 25.ii.1970 (1♂, USNM), Washington, 20.i.1969, D.M. Anderson, ex. stem of Eupatorium rugosum [illegible], emerged indoors 5.iii.1969 (1♀, USNM), Washington, E Bank CandO Canal nr. Ariz. Ave., reared from larva in stem Vernonia noveboracensis, D.M. Anderson, 23.i.1970 (1♂, USNM), 28.iii.1970 (2♂ 1♀, USNM), 14.x.1969, reared 23.ii.1970 (3♀, USNM), Cropley, 20.x.1968, D.M. Anderson, ex. stem Vernonia noveboracensis, emerged indoors 16.ii.1969 (1♂, USNM), DE: Gumboro, 2.viii.1952, C. Sabrosky (1♂, USNM), Rehoboth, “4/8/41”, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), FL: Highlands Co., Archbold Bio. Sta., 13–19.iv.1970, W.W. Wirth (1♀, USNM), Cape Sable, 31.iii.1953, W.R.M. Mason (1♀, CNC), IL: Chicago, A.L. Melander, CNC358432 (1♂, CNC), MD: Glen Echo, 30.vii.1922, J.R. Malloch (1♂, USNM), Plummers Isl., 20.vii.1913, J.R. Malloch (1♂, USNM), NC: Carteret Co., Atlantic Beach, 3–4.ix.1986, G.F. and J.F. Steyskal (1♂ 1♀, USNM), Mongomery Co., 4mi SW of Ashton, Malaise trap, 26.v.1981, G.F. and J.F. Hevel (1♂, USNM), NY: Long Island, Cold Spring Harbor, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM), Ithaca, 31.v.1914, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Cld. Sp. Harb., L.I., A.L. Melander, CNC358430 (1♂, CNC), PA: Spring Br., 9.v.1945, DDT Expt (1♂, USNM), TN: Cocke Co., Twin Creeks Uplands Res. Lab, Great Smokey Mtn. N.P., 35°41.2'N, 83°30'W, 1900', 27.v.1999, S.D. Gaimari (1♂, USNM), VA: Shenandoah, Big Meadows, 3.vii.1939, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Fairfax Co., Dead Run, 5.v.1915, R.C. Shannon, CNC358431 (1♀, CNC), Falls Church, 11.iv.1923, W,. Middleton (1♂, USNM).
Nearctic Melanagromyza with a medially swollen fronto-orbital plate were treated as either M. virens or M. splendida in most of the previous literature. Spencer later described M. virginiensis in
In addition to the swollen fronto-orbital plates, Melanagromyza virens was defined by the possession of a distinct surstylus that was narrow, bent and with several long, stout apical setae, a character that led
The Albertan Melanagromyza bidenticola Sehgal (
Melanagromyza virginiensis
Spencer in
(Figs
Chaetotaxy : Two widely separated ori; two ors. Eye extensively pilose, with hairs sparse excluding dense dorsal patch. Orbital setulae erect to slightly proclinate, and mostly lateroclinate. Two dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setulae in eight irregular rows. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body, including halter, dark brown in base colour. Notum with light bluish tint anteriorly (often absent) and more intense greenish shine posteriorly. Calypter margin and hairs white. Female anepisternum with greenish tint. Abdomen (excluding tergite 1) metallic green.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Asteraceae – Rudbeckia laciniata*.
KS*, MA*, MD*, NH*, NY*, PA*, VA.
Holotype: USA. VA: Montgomeny Co., Blacksburg, 28.v.1962, J.G. Chillcott, CNC358457 (1♂, CNC).
USA. KS: Lawrence, J.M. Aldrich (1♂, USNM), MA: Boston, May, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM), MD: Glen Echo, 28.v.1919, J.M. Aldrich (1♀, USNM), Plummers Isl., at light, 28.iv.1914, R.C. Shannon (1♀, USNM), Chain Bridge, 12.ix.1913, R.C. Shannon (1♀, USNM), Montgomery Co., Bethseda, 3.vi.1972 (5♂, USNM), 28.v.1986 (1♀, USNM), 3.vi.1986 (2♀, USNM), 6.ix.1981 (1♂, USNM), Howard Co., Fulton, 21.v.1989, M.J. and R. Molineaux, J.E. Creeden (1♂, USNM), NC: Carteret, Co., Atlantic Beach, 3–4.ix.1984, G.F. and J.F. Hevel (1♀, USNM), NH: Franconia Ntch, 8.vii.1931, A.L. Melander (2♀, USNM), NY: Ithaca, 31.v.1914, A.L. Melander (1♂ 2♀, USNM) , New York City, “vCortlndPk”, 15.v.1926, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM), PA: Pittsburg, McCandless Township, Allegheny Co., J. Plakidas, 20.ix.1978, “fly larva feed on gall tissue” (1♂, USNM), VA: Glencarlyn, 12.vi.1920, J.R. Malloch (1♂, USNM), Glencarlyn, 21.viii.1929, emg., “8-9.29”, Rudbeckia gall, J.C. Bridwell (1♂, USNM), nr. Plummers Isl., 19.x.1914, R.C. Shannon (1♀, USNM), Montgomery Co., Bethseda, 3.vi.1972, G. Steyskal (2♀, USNM), Talbot Co., McDaniel (Wades Point), 19–21.ix.1986, Malaise trap, salt marsh with flowering Baccharis, W.E. Steiner (1♀, USNM), Northampton Co., Kiptopeke, 4–6.x.1986, W.E. Steiner et al. (1♂ 1♀, USNM).
Melanagromyza virginiensis has widely separated ori, as in all other species of the M. virens group, and the fronto-orbital plate is only ¼ the width of the frons. The phallus is most diagnostic, with the distiphallus being especially long and stout-bodied with the distolateral margins nearly parallel and the ventrolateral tubules pronounced.
While the host species is not mentioned on any of the specimen labels, the male collected by Plakidas was reared from Rudbeckia laciniata (
Ophiomyia
Braschnikov, 1897: 40 [as subgenus of Agromyza]. Type species: Agromyza maura Meigen, 1838 [misidentified as curvipalpis Zetterstedt], by monotypy.
Tylomyza
Hendel, 1931: 181 [as subgenus of Ophiomyia]. Type species: Madiza pinguis Fallén, 1820, by original designation.
Stiropomýza Enderlein, 1936a: 179. Type species: Phytomyza aeneonitens Strobl, 1893, by monotypy. Syn.
Siphonomyza
Enderlein, 1936a: 179. Type species: Agromyza proboscidea Strobl, 1900, by monotypy. Syn.
Aulomyza
Enderlein, 1936a: 179. Type species: Melanagromyza longilingua Hendel, 1920, by monotypy.
Siridomyza
Enderlein, 1936a: 179. Type species: Ophiomyia madizina Hendel, 1920 [=A. nasuta Melander], by monotypy. Syn.
Solenomyza
Enderlein, 1936a: 179. Type species: Melanagromyza rostrata Hendel, 1920, by monotypy.
Stirops Enderlein, 1936a: 179 [nomen nudum – no type species designated].
Stirops
Enderlein, 1936b: 42 [attributed to
Triopisopa Enderlein, 1936a: 179 [nomen nudum – no type species designated].
Triopisopa
Enderlein, 1936b: 42. Type species: Agromyza simplex Loew, 1869, by original designation.
Hexomyza Enderlein, 1936a: 179 [nomen nudum – no type designation].
Hexomyza
Enderlein, 1936b: 42 [attributed to
Carinagromyza
Sasakawa, 1954: 23. Type species: Carinagromyza heringi Sasakawa, 1954 [= Ophiomyia sasakawai
Penetagromyza
Spencer, 1959: 253. Type species: Penetagromyza aloes Spencer, 1959, by original designation.
Kleinschmidtimyia
Spencer, 1986: Spencer, 1986: 249. Type species: Melanagromyza pisi Kleinschmidt, 1961, by original designation.
Ophiomyia is a diverse, widespread genus sometimes mistaken for other Agromyzinae such as Melanagromyza and Euhexomyza, but many species exhibit unusual diagnostic external features and varied male genitalic morphology. All examined Nearctic species and virtually all global species, can be diagnosed by an apically truncated clypeus, as discussed in
Other useful diagnostic characters of Ophiomyia are as follows: if present, there is only a single posteromedial seta on the mid tibia (usually two in other Agromyzinae); the calypter is usually brown marginally (white in most other Agromyzinae); there is usually a medial vertical carina separating the antennal bases and the centre of this carina usually also has a medial swelling that is spindle-shaped to subspherical. The gena is also often produced anteriorly, at least slightly, and can be strongly produced with an apical fasciculus. This fasciculus is an aggregation of multiplicated vibrissae that are variably fused to produce a “horn”. In many species, the inner lobe of the hypandrium is differentiated into two distinct sclerites (but see O. simplex): a setulose, arched sclerite (also found in Melanagromyza and Euhexomyza) and a flat subovate sclerite. The proepiphallus is also expanded laterally to form one pair of upcurved, strongly pigmented lobes (plate-like in O. simplex), the metepiphallus usually has one pair of ventromedial spines (not multiple spines, as is characteristic of most Melanagromyza), and the sclerites of the basiphallus are usually fused basally with the left sclerite atrophied. Lastly, the distiphallus is usually somewhat asymmetric, being slightly twisted sinistrally, and there are no paired ventrolateral tubules (characteristic of Melanagromyza).
1 | Orbital setulae proclinate (Figs |
O. nasuta (Melander) |
– | Orbital setulae reclinate. Two pairs of dorsocentral setae. Two pairs of ors. Distiphallus not as above. Metepiphallus almost always with one pair of ventromedial spines | 2 |
2 | Costa extending just past vein R4+5. Gena highest behind midpoint of eye (Fig. |
O. simplex (Loew) |
– | Costa extending to vein M1+2. Gena highest anterior to midpoint of eye. Fronto-orbital plate and usually parafacial barely visible laterally. Bands of basiphallus either fused and collar-like basally, or with right band produced. Inner band of hypandrium separate from lobe | 3 |
3 | Clypeus broad and nearly parallel-sided along length (Fig. |
4 |
– | Clypeus usually slightly to strongly narrowed anteriorly (Fig. |
7 |
4 | Gena entirely receding along anterior margin. Distiphallus darker and subcylindrical, without flagellum | 5 |
– | Gena slightly angled on anterior margin, not immediately vertical or receding (similar to Melanagromyza spp.). Distiphallus pale and bulb-like with terminal clear flagellum | 6 |
5 | Eight rows of acrostichal setae. Wing length 2.5 mm. Distiphallus broad and parallel-sided apically (Fig. |
O. ultima (Spencer) |
– | Six rows of acrostichal setae. Wing length 2.0–2.3 mm. Distiphallus and mesophallus narrow, linear and with bell-shaped apex (Figs |
O. kalia sp. nov. |
6 | Eye 5.0–6.7 × higher than gena. Two ori. Fronto-orbital plate slightly visible laterally. Distiphallus relatively small and spade-shaped, with small distolateral sclerotisations and no ventral elaboration of membrane; apical flagellum directed distally (Figs |
O. abutilivora Spencer |
– | Eye 2.5–4.3 × higher than gena. Often three ori, at least on one side, with orbital seta between ori variably developed. Fronto-orbital plate and parafacial projecting, with parafacial continuing under eye as distinct cheek. Distiphallus rounded, with large ventral carina, and often with pronounced lateral "wings”; apical flagellum directed ventrally (Figs |
O. tiliae (Couden) |
7 | Facial bulb with extensive shiny section on dorsal 1/2; sides of carina above bulb usually parallel-sided basally. Ocellar triangle shiny, less commonly subshiny. Abdomen with faint metallic shine (often difficult to see). Mid tibia with single posteromedial seta | 8 |
– | Facial bulb and ocellar triangle not shiny (shiny in some O. coniceps, but these with very pronounced genal process that is longer than high, and male with very short, wide fasciculus); sides of facial carina above bulb immediately divergent. Abdomen brown to glossy black, rarely coppery (O. cuprea). Mid tibia with or without posteromedial seta | 10 |
8 | Eye 4.0–6.0 × higher than gena. Ocellar triangle attaining anterior margin of frons as thin line. Surstylus narrow, ~ 1/3 length of epandrium. In profile, distiphallus widest subapically (Figs |
O. kwansonis Sasakawa |
– | Eye 8.0–8.4 × higher than gena. Ocellar triangle not attaining anterior margin of frons, and usually not distinct anterior to ors. Surstylus ~ 1/2 length of epandrium. In profile, distiphallus widest near base | 9 |
9 | Three ori sometimes present on one or both sides of frons. Facial bulb smooth or only slightly furrowed (Fig. |
O. labiatarum Hering |
– | Only two ori. Facial bulb with strong medial furrow. Phallus with weak, sac-like distoventral membrane. Basiphallus reaching past base of mesophallus. Distiphallus with medial lobe strongly spinulose internally; shape elongate with base tapered (seen ventrally); distal 1/2 abruptly flattened (seen laterally) (Figs |
O. virginiensis Spencer |
10 | Body brown to light brown with fronto-orbital plate and ocellar triangle (excluding tubercle) white/beige. Frons with anteromedial furrow. Wing veins whitish. Eye nearly as wide as high, with long axis nearly vertical. Basiphallus extensively sclerotised along right margin, strongly bent ventrally, and membrane thickened and lightly sclerotised distoventrally (Fig. |
O. galiodes sp. nov. |
– | Body dark brown with parts of frons sometimes slightly paler, but never whitish. Frons evenly rounded anteriorly. Wing veins light brown to brown. Eye distinctly higher than wide, with long axis often diagonal. Phallus not as above | 11 |
11 | Five to six rows of acrostichal setulae. Abdomen brown with weak coppery luster. Distiphallus relatively dark and elongate with distal 1/2 tapering and left-distal surface minutely tuberculate; with long, dark, upcurved and pointed posteromedial spur (Figs |
O. cuprea sp. nov. |
– | Eight to ten rows of acrostichal setulae. Abdomen brown to black. Distiphallus not as above; if with posteromedial spur, then spur short, straight, and blunt | 12 |
12 | Three ori. Genal angle 70°–90°. Mid tibia with single weak posteromedial seta. Notopleuron and postpronotum reddish or eye 2.8 × higher than gena. Distiphallus widest at midpoint and broadly rounded (viewed ventrally), with surface strongly ridged and furrowed (Figs |
O. sexta Spencer |
– | Two ori. Genal angle often < 60° or 45°, rarely 90° (O. heleios). Mid tibia usually without posteromedial setae. Notopleuron and postpronotum the same colour as the rest of the scutum and gena not particularly high. Shape of distiphallus variable, but not as above | 13 |
13 | Vibrissal fasciculus shorter than length of genal process (Figs |
O. coniceps (Malloch) |
– | Fasciculus longer than genal process. Parafacial barely visible laterally. Mesophallus without transverse band; distiphallus without lobe as above | 14 |
14 | Genal process short, with dorsal margin straight (not concave), forming a 60°-90° angle (as in Fig. |
15 |
– | Genal process of variable length, but dorsal margin curving to a narrow point (as in Fig. |
16 |
15 | Genal process forming a slightly < 90° angle. Wing length 2.5 mm. Notum dark brown with light green reflection (reflection absent on postpronotum and notopleuron). Base of femora paler, yellow to base ventrally on mid and hind legs. Calypter white with hairs brown. Distiphallus with thick distoventral cluster of ridges (Figs |
O. heleios sp. nov. |
– | Gena strongly produced, forming an approximate 45° angle. Wing length 1.7 mm. Notum and femora dark. Calypter margin and hairs brown. Distiphallus with thin distoventral ridge (Fig. |
O. capitolia sp. nov. |
16 | Scutum bare medially behind anterior dorsocentral. Surstylus with 4 apical tubercle-like spines (Fig. |
O. texana (Malloch) |
– | Scutum setulose medially behind anterior dorsocentral, at least partially. Surstylus with numerous apical spines. Distiphallus stout and irregular in lateral view; without tail-like process | 17 |
17 | Wing length 2.2–2.3 mm. Mid tibia without posteromedial setae. Facial bulb narrow and elongate, not much wider than remainder of keel. Distiphallus pale, subquadrate (ventral view), densely spinulose on inner surface (Figs |
O. laticolis sp. nov. |
– | Wing length 1.8–2.0 mm. Mid tibia with one posteromedial seta. Facial bulb broadly rounded. Distiphallus longer than wide, with short, but distinct tubule emerging dorsoapically; inner surface smooth (Figs |
O. maura (Meigen) |
Unless otherwise stated, the following species are assumed to be as follows: Body, including halter, brown. Orbital setulae reclinate. Notum subshiny with two dorsocentrals and eight to ten rows of acrostichal setulae. Costa extending to vein M1+2. Hypandrium differentiated into two distinct sclerites: a setulose, arched sclerite and a flat subovate sclerite. Proepiphallus expanded laterally to form one pair of upcurved, strongly pigmented lobes.
Ophiomyia abutilivora
Spencer in
(Figs
Chaetotaxy : Orbital setulae reclinate. Male vibrissal fasciculus absent. Two ori; two ors. Mid tibia with one posteromedial seta.
Colouration : Body, including halter dark brown with gena paler. Wing veins yellow to brown. Calypter margin and hairs brown.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Malvaceae – Abutilon theophrasti, A. permolle. Adults taken from Sida cordifolia (
USA: DE*, FL, IA, MD*, MN, MS; stem mines only in IL and WI (
Holotype: USA. MN: Dakota Co., Rosemount, Agricultural Research Station, 13.ix.1978, R.N. Andersen and R. Ralston (1♂, USNM).
. USA. FL: Broward Co., Ft. Lauderdale, 14.iii.1980, H.E. Walker, Fl. Abutilon permolle, MN: Rosemount, 13.ix.1987, ex. Abutilion theophrasti (1♂ 3♀, USNM), MS: Stoneville, 22.x.1979, K.E. Frick, 79-25, ex. stem gall Abutilion theophrasti (4♂ 1♀, USNM), Merigold, 22.x.1979, K.E. Frick, 79-25, ex. stem gall Abutilion theophrasti (1♂ 2♀, USNM).
USA. DE: Newark, 6.ix.1960, hollyhock, P. Burbutis (2♂, USNM), Newark, “8/10/1953” (1♂, USNM), IA: Winneshiek Co., Decorah, Trout Run Trail, 43°18'5.04"N, 91°48'6.60"W, 10–13.viii.2017, J. van der Linden, Abutilion theophrasti, em. by 26.vii.2017, #CSE4940, CNC1643668, CNC1643669 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), MD: Montgomery Co., 4mi SW of Ashton, 6.ix.1981, Malaise trap, G.F. and J.F. Hevel (1♂, USNM).
The distiphallus of Ophiomyia abutilivora is highly reduced and lobate, with the apex continuing distally as a long membranous flagellum. A similar phallus is found in the larger O. tiliae, but the clypeus of this species is nearly rounded, the distiphallus appears pear-shaped when viewed ventrally, the apical flagellum points ventrally and there is one pair of membranous "wings” ventral to the distiphallus. Other putative Nearctic relatives (based on the genitalic figures in
Wing length 1.7 mm (♂). Female unknown. Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.8. Eye height divided by gena height: 6.2. Eye slightly angled diagonally. Facial carina stout, slightly more narrow than stout bulb. Gena shallowly produced, projecting at 60° angle with margins straight. Clypeus narrow and truncated. Buccal cavity narrowed anteriorly with anterior margin straight. Distance between crossveins more than length of dm-m. Ocellar triangle and fronto-orbital plate (narrow) subshiny and ill-defined.
Chaetotaxy : Male with vibrissal fasciculus ~ 1/2 length of gena. Two ori; two ors. Mid tibia with one posteromedial seta.
Colouration : Body, including halter dark brown. Wing veins brown. Calypter margin and hairs brown.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Unknown.
USA: DC.
The specific name refers to the fact that the type was collected in the United States capitol.
Holotype: USA. DC: Washington, 17.viii.1913, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM).
Ophiomyia capitolia is one of the smaller Delmarva Ophiomyia with a male wing length of 1.7 mm. This species also has a distinct genal process, a long fasciculus and a relatively distinct wrinkle under the eye within the cheek. Only examination of the male genitalia can provide reliable identification of this species (see key).
Agromyza coniceps Malloch, 1915a: 107.
Ophiomyia coniceps.
(Figs
Chaetotaxy
: Male vibrissal fasciculus short and upcurved, not longer than genal process. Two ori (not three, as stated in
Colouration : Body, including halter dark brown. Fronto-orbital plate and ocellar triangle reddish in DE male. Calypter margin and hairs dark brown. Abdomen sometimes with faint coppery/golden shine. Wing veins brown.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Asteraceae – Antennaria plantaginifolia and possibly other Antennaria; Sonchus asper (
Canada: BC, MB, ON, QC, SK. USA: CA, DE*, IN, LA, MA, OK, UT, VA*; possibly also AL, CT, IA, WI (
Holotype: USA. UT: Salt Lake, 14.viii.1914, ex. Sonchus asper, P.H. Timberlake (1♀, USNM; type No. 193904).
Canada. MB: Aweme, 2.vi.1916, N. Criddle, J.M. Aldrich (1♂, USNM). USA. DE: Newark, 1.vii.1974 (1♂, USNM), IN: Evansville, 7.v.1914, J.M. Aldrich (1♂, USNM), LA: Lake Charles, 9.vi.1917, J.M. Aldrich (1♂, USNM), MA: Hampshire Co., Granby, Mt. Norwottuck, 27.iii.2012, em. 11.iv–24.iv.2012, C.S. Eiseman, ex Antennaria plantaginifolia (5♂ 3♀, CNC), OK: Payne Co., Mehan, 36.014339°N, 96.996744°W, 10.xii.2015, em. 15.i.2016, M.W. Palmer, ex Antennaria plantaginifolia, #CSE2214, CNC653970–653972 (2♂ 1♀, CNC), 12.xii.2015, em. by 12.i.2016, M.W. Palmer, ex Antennaria plantaginifolia, #CSE2216, CNC653988 (1♂, CNC), 14.i.2016, em. by 10–16.ii.2016, M.W. Palmer, ex Antennaria plantaginifolia, #CSE2237, CNC654000–654002 (3♂, CNC), 27.ii.2017, em. 18.iii– 15.vi.2017, C.S. Eiseman, ex Antennaria plantaginifolia, #CSE3229, CNC939913–939917 (3♂ 2♀, CNC), VA: Luray, 24.vi.1933, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Page Co., 7mi W of Lunay, 8.vii.1978, G.F. Hevel (1♂, USNM), Shenandoah, Big Meadows, 3.vii.1939, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM).
Ophiomyia coniceps will key to O. apta Spencer in
Wing length 2.2 mm (♂). Female unknown. Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.9. Eye height divided by gena height: 9.3. Facial carina relatively long below, nearly as wide as bulb and with diverging margins above. Clypeus narrow. Gena slightly projecting, forming almost a 60° angle. Ocellar triangle subshiny around ocelli. Fronto-orbital plate thin and subshiny. Buccal cavity narrowed anteriorly with anterior margin straight. Distance between crossveins more than length of dm-m.
Chaetotaxy : Male with vibrissal fasciculus ~ 2/3 length of gena and strongly upcurved. Two ori on right side, three on left; two ors. Setae on mid tibia not visible, possibly absent. Five to six rows of acrostichal setulae.
Colouration : Body, including halter dark brown. Calypter margin and hairs brown. Abdomen with weak coppery shine. Veins light brown.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Unknown.
USA: MD.
The specific epithet is derived from the Latin for coppery, referring to the colour of the abdomen, which has a weak metallic lustre.
Holotype: USA. MD: nr. Plummers Isl., 5.v.1915, R.C. Shannon (1♂, USNM).
The head (particularly the gena) and genitalia of Ophiomyia cuprea are similar to those of the Californian O. delecta Spencer (
Wing length 2.2 mm (♂), 1.9–2.2 (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6–1.0. Eye height divided by gena height: 6.2–9.8. Facial carina (wide dorsally) and bulb distinct. Parafacial, seen laterally, broadly rounded and projecting past anterior margin of gena. Gena slightly produced anteriorly, forming an angle of ca. 70° and with dorsal and ventral margins straight, not curved. Clypeus broadest posteriorly; apex very narrow, produced. Buccal cavity narrowed anteriorly with margin straight. Ocellar triangle concave subapically. Frons slightly furrowed medially. Crossveins separated by more than length of dm-m.
Chaetotaxy : Vibrissal fasciculus well-developed, slightly upcurved. Two ori; two ors. Mid tibia without posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body, including halter dark brown, but relatively pale compared to congeners. Fronto-orbital plate and outer margin of ocellar triangle beige. Wing veins white. Calypter margin light brown with hairs brown.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Rubiaceae – Galium.
USA: MD.
The specific name indicates the similarity of this species to its possible sister taxon, Ophiomyia galii, which also feeds on Galium.
Holotype: USA. MD: Beltsville, 16.iv.1975, S.W.T. Batra, ex. Galium sp. (1♂, USNM).
Paratypes: USA. MD: Same collection as holotype (1♀, USNM; 1♀, CNC).
The phallus of Ophiomyia galiodes (only illustrated in lateral view due to inflexibility of the structure) is similar to that of O. laticolis (Figs
Ophiomyia galiodes is also similar to the European O. galii Hering, which is the only other Ophiomyia known from Galium (Spencer, 1990). Their chaetotaxy, wing length and wing vein proportions are nearly the same, and they both have a ventrally curved hypandrium and similar distiphallus. The gena of O. galii is produced at a 45° angle (not 70°) (
Wing length 2.5 mm (♂). Female unknown. Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.9. Eye height divided by gena height: 7.5. Facial carina long and narrow with small subspherical bulb at midpoint. Gena not strongly produced, forming slightly < 90° angle. Clypeus narrow with posterior arms curved outwards. Ocellar triangle shiny black, longer than wide and tapering anteriorly.
Chaetotaxy : Orbital setulae reclinate. Male vibrissal fasciculus long, narrow, and slightly upcurved. Two ori; two ors. Mid tibia with one small posteromedial seta.
Colouration : Body, including halter dark brown, with gena paler, ocellar triangle black, notum (excluding postpronotum and notopleuron) with faint green reflection, and femora paler on basal 3/5 with mid and hind femora yellowish ventrally on basal 2/5. Calypter white with hairs dark brown.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Unknown.
USA: VA.
Gr. “of a marsh, dwelling in a marsh”, referring to the collection locality of the type.
Holotype: USA. VA: Fairfax Co., Great Falls Park, swamp trail, 38°59.4'N, 77°15.2'W, Malaise trap, trap #2, 8.ix-11.v.2006, D.R. Smith (1♂, USNM).
Ophiomyia heleios can be differentiated from Nearctic congeners by a white calypter margin (although the hairs are still typically dark), a greenish notum, a short gena, a slightly atypical ejaculatory apodeme and an unusually atrophied distiphallus that has a thick distoventral sclerotisation medially.
Wing length 2.1 mm (♂), 2.0–2.3 (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.7–1.0. Head largely collapsed in holotype. Eye height divided by gena height: 5.0–6.6. Frons entirely pruinose and ocellar triangle indistinct; gena rounded, not produced anteriorly and relatively narrow along entire length. Face with weak carina, barely dividing antennae. Clypeus with sides parallel.
Chaetotaxy : Orbital setulae reclinate. Male vibrissal fasciculus absent. Two ori (sometimes three on one side); two ors. Mid tibia without posteromedial setae. Six rows of acrostichal setulae.
Colouration : Body, including halter dark brown, with gena slightly paler. Wing veins brown. Calypter margin and hairs brown.
Genitalia : Surstylus 1/2 length of epandrium, broadly rounded and with tubercle-like setae along inner-distal margin. Metepiphallus very small with serrated ridges and spines. Proepiphallus with dark patches in lateral extensions. Basiphallus curved in cross-section, ventrally curved and receding dorsomedially. Mesophallus broad, basal to distiphallus (not inserted ventromedially to distiphallus). Distiphallus straight, cup-like with internal folds. Ejaculatory apodeme large with blade pale and ovate, with pronounced medial rib.
Unknown.
USA: VA.
The specific epithet is Greek for bird nest, referring to the nest from where the holotype was collected.
Holotype: USA. VA: Long Bridge, 22.v.1913, ex. birds nests Pun grackle, R.C. Shannon (1♂, USNM).
Paratypes: USA. VA: Fairfax Co., Turkey Run Park, nr. mouth of Turkey Run, 38°57.9'N, 7°09.4'W, Malaise trap, D.R. Smith, 18–30.v.2007 (1♂ 2♀, USNM; 2♀, CNC), 14–17.v.2006 (8♀, USNM; 2♂, CNC).
The straight, highly simplified distiphallus of this species is characteristic, as is the basally inserted mesophallus, the large, pale ejaculatory apodeme, and narrow gena. Also see comments for Ophiomyia abutilivora.
Ophiomyia kwansonis
Sasakawa, 1961: 355.
Wing length 2.0–2.5 mm (♂♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.8–1.0. Eye height divided by gena height: 4.0–6.0. Facial carina distinct; bulb narrow, slightly wider than carina, with medial longitudinal furrow and dorsal 1/2 shiny. Clypeus strongly narrowed anteriorly. Anterior portion of buccal cavity narrowed, not much wider than clypeus. Gena slightly produced anteriorly, forming an ~ 80° angle. Notum subshiny. Ocellar triangle with sides convex, nearly meeting past midpoint and attaining anterior margin of frons. Fronto-orbital plate narrow and shiny, slightly widening around base of fronto-orbitals.
Chaetotaxy : Male vibrissal fasciculus thick, slightly upcurved and not longer than gena. Two ori; two ors. Mid tibia with small posteromedial seta past midpoint.
Colouration : Body, including halter dark brown to black, with nearly indistinct metallic sheen on abdomen, and with fronto-orbital plate and ocellar triangle paler. Wing veins brown. Calypter margin and hairs grey.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Asphodelaceae – Hemerocallis fulva.
USA: AL, AR, CA, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, KA, KY, LA, MA, MD, MI, MO, MS, NC, NH, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WI, WV. Japan, Taiwan. Slovenia.
Holotype: Japan. Honshu: Kyoto, Shimogamo, on Hemerocallis fulva kwanso, 21.v.1956, Sasakawa (1♂, Osaka Museum of Natural History). [Not examined]
USA. MD: Anne Arundel Co., Davidsonville, 7.vii.2011, on Hemerocallis sp., G.L. Williams (1♂ 11♀ [in alcohol], CNC; 1♂ 1♀, CSCA).
Originally described from Japan as a leaf miner in the ornamental daylily Hemerocallis fulva kwanso, this fly is a recent invasive in North America (
Ophiomyia labiatarum
Hering, 1937: 509.
(Figs
Chaetotaxy : Male vibrissal fasciculus distinct, nearly as long as gena, but only forming a discrete point in male with three ori on both sides. Two ori (sometimes three on one side, rarely on both sides); two ors. Mid tibia with one posteromedial seta.
Colouration : Body, including halter dark brown. Abdomen sometimes with faint coppery/golden shine. Wing veins brown. Calypter margin and hairs dark brown.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Lamiaceae – Calamintha, Clinopodium, Galeopsis, Lamium, Leonurus, Nepeta, Prunella, Salvia, Satureja, Scutellaria, Stachys (
Canada: AB, NB*, ON, QC. USA: DE*, IN, MD*, PA*, VA*. Europe, Cyprus, Egypt, Israel, Turkey (Černý, 2018).
Lectotype: Germany. Meckelenburg (1♂, ZMHU). [Not examined]
Canada. AB: Wabamun, caught on Solidago, 1–3.vii.1966, K.A. Spencer, CNC358537 (1♂, CNC), NB: Kouchibouguac N.P., 13.vii.1977, J.F. McAlpine, IDEMA illustration, “L. Yuzyk July 1981”, code-6042J, CNC358542–358544 (2♂,1♀, CNC), 23.v.1977, Hanley and Cooper, code-5113Q, CNC358545 (1♀, CNC), 9.vii.1977, J.F. McAlpine, code-6023Q, CNC358546 (1♂, CNC), ON: Midland, swampy woods, balsam poplar, 2.v.1959, J.G. Chillcott, CNC358551 (1♂, CNC), Ottawa, 22.vii.1954, W.R.M. Mason, CNC358550, CNC358552 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), St. Lawrence Is. Nat. Park, Thwartway Is., 15.vii.1976, A. Carter, code 4118-J, CNC358547 (1♂, CNC), 21.vii.1976, W. Reid, code 4174-N, CNC358549 (1♀, CNC), 24.vii.1976, W. Reid, code 4198-L, CNC358548 (1♀, CNC), QC: Beech Grove, 23.vi.1951, J.F. McAlpine, CNC358539, CNC358540 (2♂, CNC), Harrington Lk., Gatineau Pk., 7.vi.1954, E.E. Sterns, CNC358541 (1♂, CNC). France. [Lower Normandy]: Verson b. Caen, 4880, 9.viii.1942, Dr. H. Buhr. Nr., mine an Stachys recta CNC358538 (1♂, CNC). USA. DE: Newark, spring 1974, R.W. Rust (1♂, USNM), IN: Lafayette, 6.vii.1915, reared from catnip, issued13.vii.1915, Satterthwalt (1♂, USNM), Lafayette, swept from grass, “v-17”, J.M. Aldrich (1♂, USNM), Lafayette, “iv-6”, swept from wint. wheat (1♂, USNM), MD: Kent Is., “35-13-4”, Seek and Nixon (1♂, USNM), College Park, 28.v.1939, C.T. Greene (1♂, USM), Beltsville, B.H. Braun, i.1972 (1♂, USNM), i.1972, ex. Solidago stems (2♂, USNM), i.1972, reared ex. Eurosta solidaginis gall (1♂ 2♀, USNM), Beltsville, 12.iv.1972, em. Indoors, B.H. Braun, ex. stem Solidago canadensis (1♂ 1♀, USNM), Montgomery Co., Clarksburg, Little Bennett Reg. Park, 21.ix.1990, W.E. Steiner, M.J. and R. Molineaux (1♂, USNM), PA: Kimblesville, spring 1974, R.W. Rust (1♂, USNM), VA: Fairfax Co., Turkey Run Park, nr. mouth of Turkey Run, 38°57.9'N, 7°09.4'W, Malaise trap, 18–30.v.2007, D.R. Smith (1♂, USNM).
Ophiomyia labiatarum, a polyphagous Lamiaceae feeder also found on Solidago with a relatively northern distribution, is somewhat variable with regards to head morphology (although the facial bulb is always shiny dorsally), but the male phallus can be readily diagnosed.
Wing length 2.2–2.3 mm (♂). Female unknown. Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.7–0.8. Eye height divided by gena height: 9.0 (non type). Eye angled diagonally. Facial carina thin along length with narrow medial bulb. Gena shallowly produced, forming a 45° angle. Clypeus produced and abruptly narrowed apically with apex truncated. Buccal cavity narrowed anteriorly with anterior margin nearly straight. Distance between crossveins more than length of dm-m. Ocellar triangle and fronto-orbital plate (narrow) subshiny. Head damaged.
Chaetotaxy : Male with vibrissal fasciculus ~ 1/2 length of gena. Two ori (slightly thinner); two ors. Mid tibia with one weak posteromedial seta.
Colouration : Gena relatively high, flat and pale in holotype. Body, including halter dark brown with frons darker. Wing veins brown. Calypter margin and hairs brown.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Unknown.
USA: MD, VA.
The specific name compounds the Latin for wide (latus) and penis (colis).
Holotype: USA. MD: Montgomery Co., Bethseda, 28.iv.1968, G. Steyskal (1♂, USNM),.
Paratype: USA. VA: Fairfax Co., Turkey Run Park, 0.3 km W mouth Turkey Run, 38°58'N, 77°09.6'W, Malaise trap, river trap, 17–24.v.2006, D.R. Smith (1♂, USNM).
The new species Ophiomyia laticolis is highly similar to O. ambrosia Spencer from California (
The genitalia of this species also closely resemble those of Ophiomyia duodecima Spencer (Quebec; Spencer, 1969: figs 134–136), in that the distiphallus is subquadrate in ventral view. The distiphallus of this Canadian species, however, is 2 × as large, the mesophallus is small and gracile, the left sclerite of the basiphallus is larger and not basally fused to the right sclerite (a possible artifact of illustration) and the gena is much higher (1/4 eye height).
Agromyza maura Meigen, 1838: 7.
Agromyza curvipalpis
Zetterstedt. Misidentification, in part.
Ophiomyia bicornis
Kaltenbach, 1869: 195;
Agromyza affinis
Malloch, 1913: 317;
Ophiomyia maura.
Ophiomyia curvipalpis.
Ophiomyia asteris
Kuroda, 1954: 82.
Wing length 1.8–2.0 mm (♂) 2.0–2.1 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.7–1.1. Eye height divided by gena height: 6.2–7.8. Eye slightly oblique, but still relatively round. Arista short pubescent. Ocellar triangle nearly reaching level of posterior ori. Ocellar plate narrow. Facial carina well-developed, medially with smooth, subshiny, ovate bulb; carina above bulb as wide as bulb, with shallow medial groove continuing onto lunule; lunule height subequal to width of carina dorsally. Genal process nearly as long as high, forming an approximate 60° angle. Clypeus with arms bowed inwards anteriorly, meeting at small subquadrate anteromedial extension that is shallowly concave anteriorly and with one pair of minute anterolateral points. Crossveins separated by length of dm-m or slightly less.
Chaetotaxy : Male vibrissal fasciculus thick and upcurved, ~ 2/3 length of gena. Two ori (sometimes one additional ori present on one side); two ors. Two dorsocentral setae, anterior seta ~ 4/5 length of posterior. Acrostichal setulae in six scattered rows. Mid tibia with one or no posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Setae black. Body dark brown, including halter. Calypter, including margin, light brown; hairs dark brown; ocellar triangle and ocellar plate paler brown.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Asteraceae – Aster, Callistephus, Doellingeria (?), Erigeron, Eurybia, Euthamia, Oclemena, Solidago, Symphyotrichum (
Canada: NB*, QC*. USA: CT, DE*, MA, MD*, ME, NY, VA*, VT; possibly also CO, MN, OH (
Holotype [affinis]: USA. MD: Glen Echo, 3.vi.1898, R.P. Currie (1♀, USNM).
Holotype [asteris]: Japan. Honshu: Kantō, Yokohama, 24.v.1938, leaf miner in Aster indicus L., M. Kuroda (1♀, BLTJ).
Syntypes [bicornis]: Germany. [not given]. (Type data unknown)
Syntypes [maura]: Germany. [not given]. (Types lost).
Estonia. Tallinn, 18.vii.1995, M. v.Tschirnhaus, ex Solidago (1♂, CNC). Canada. NB: Kouchibouguac National Park, 46°48'49.90"N, 64°55'40.02"W, 22.v.1977, Hanley and Cooper, Code – 5111O, CNC758931 (1♀, CNC), 23.v.1977, Code – 5113Q, CNC758930 (1♂, CNC), QC: Old Chelsea, 45°30'0.40"N, 75°48'52.80"W, 30.v.1952, J.F. McAlpine, CNC758932 (1♂, CNC). USA. CT: Litchfield Co., Canaan, 21.vii.2015, em. 29.vii.2015, C. Vispo, ex Solidago canadensis, #CSE2168, CNC564684 (1♀, CNC), DE: Newark, 1.vii.1974 (1♂, USNM), MA: Berkshire Co., Lenox, Parsons Marsh, 20.vi.2017, em. 24.vi.2017, C.S. Eiseman, ex Solidago patula, #CSE3853, CNC939713 (1♂, CNC), Franklin Co., Montague, Montague Plains Wildlife Management Area, 8.vi.2017, em. 21.vi.2017, C.S. Eiseman, ex Solidago arguta, #CSE3843, CNC939720 (1♂, CNC), Northfield, 276 Old Wendell Rd., 10.x.2016, em. 19.iv.2017, C.S. Eiseman, ex Eurybia divaricata, #CSE3524, CNC939673 (1♂, CNC), 2.vii.2017, em. 15.vii.2017, ex Euthamia graminifolia, #CSE3956, CNC939661 (1♂, CNC), Hampshire Co., Pelham, Butter Hill, 21.vi.2013, em. 24.vi.2013, C.S. Eiseman, ex Solidago caesia, #CSE591 (2♀, CNC), South Hadley, near Lithia Springs Reservoir, 11.v.2016, em. 2.vi.2016, C.S. Eiseman, ex Solidago arguta, #CSE2536 (1♀, CNC), Middlesex Co., Shirley, 42.556117, -71.613381, 3.viii.2017, em. 9.viii.2017, C.S. Eiseman, ex Solidago gigantea, #CSE4095, CNC939727, CNC9397278 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), Nantucket Co., Nantucket, Gardner Farm, 13.vi.2013, em. 24.vi.2013, C.S. Eiseman, ex Solidago latissimifolia, #CSE600 (1♀, CNC), Nantucket, Squam Swamp, 12.vi.2013, em. 26–30.vi.2013, C.S. Eiseman, ex Solidago latissimifolia, #CSE609, CNC384817, CNC384818 (1♂ 1♀, CNC), ME: Knox Co., Camden, Bald Mountain, 5.x.2013, C.S. Eiseman, ex. Oclemena acuminata em. 20.iii.2014, #CSE1011, CNC384784 (1♂, CNC), VA: Montgomery Co., Christiansburg, 2.vi.1962, J.G. Chillcott (1♂, CNC), VT: Chittenden Co., South Burlington, Winooski Gorge, 29.vi.2014, ex. Solidago flexicaulis, em. 10.vii.2014, C.S. Eiseman, #CSE1167, CNC384885 (1♂, CNC).
While relatively indistinct externally, the male genitalia of Ophiomyia maura are more diagnostic: the epiphallic lobes are clear with a dark basal sclerite; the distiphallus is relatively large and well-sclerotised with a dark anterodorsal tubule, it has a transverse dorsomedial “shelf” that is only slightly curved, and there are two minutely tuberculate distoventral hemispheres; the phallophorus has two sclerotised ridges that are obvious when viewed ventrally. It is quite similar in North America to O. carolinensis Spencer, O. parda Eiseman and Lonsdale and O. quinta Spencer, all of which now have small indicators on the distiphallus that reveal identity: O. carolinensis has a small basal protuberance on the distiphallus (
Agromyza curvipalpis Zetterstedt. Misidentification, in part. Melader 1913: 251.
Agromyza maura var. nasuta Melander, 1913: 260.
Agromyza youngi
Malloch, 1914: 312.
Ophiomyia madizina
Hendel, 1920: 130.
Tylomyza madizina. Hendel 1931: 185.
Siridomyza madizina.
Tylomyza nasuta. Frick, 1952a: 384 [as synonym of pinguis Fallén], 1957: 201 [lectotype designation], 1959: 372.
Ophiomyia nasuta. Spencer, 1964: 789, 1969: 91, 1976: 71, 1990: 261;
(Figs
Chaetotaxy : Orbital setulae proclinate and relatively long and dense. Male vibrissal fasciculus absent. Two ori; one or two ors present in female, absent in male. Three dorsocentral setae, slightly decreasing in length anteriorly. Mid tibia with one small posteromedial seta.
Colouration : Body, including halter dark brown to black. Calypter margin and hairs dark brown. Wing veins light brown to brown, sometimes whitish.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Asteraceae – Taraxacum officinale.
Across northern North America from YT to QC, south to northern CA, CO, NM and NC (
Lectotype [nasuta]: USA. WA: Kamiac Butte, 1.vi.1912 (1♂, USNM).
Paralectotypes [nasuta]: USA. ID: Troy, 14.vi.1908 (1♂, USNM), WA: Pullman (4♂, USNM). Austria.“Styria” (1♂, USNM).
Holotype [youngi]: USA. NY: Albany, 28.iv.1913, D.B. Young (1♂, NYSM). [Not examined].
Syntypes [madizina]: “Austr., Germ.” (23♂♀, NMW, USNM). [USNM ♂ and ♀ examined].
Canada. BC: nr. Golden Rest Area, rt. 1, 20.vi.2001, C.R. Bartlett (1♀, UDCC), ON: Ottawa, 45°19'1.20"N, 75°43'12"W, 90 m, 7.vi.2016, J.E. O’Hara, Malaise trap, CNC629668, CNC629688 (2♀, CNC), SK: Duck Lake, 15.iv.1924, K.M. King, CNC358553 (1♀, CNC). USA. CT: Redding, 10.v.1930, A.L. Melander (2♀, USNM), DE: Pike Creek, 25.vi.1975, D. Buntin (1♀, UDCC), Bridgeville, 8.viii.195, H.E. Milliron, on peppers (1♀, UDCC), New Castle Co., Newark, Thorn Lane beside RR tracks, 18.vii.1993, field sweep, D.S. Chang (1♀, UDCC), UD Newark Farm, 39°40'14.81"N, 75°44'54.89"W, 18.ix.2007, sweep net, M. Frye (1♀, UDCC), Newark, UD Farm, 5.x.1997, W.P. Brown, sweep net (1♀, UDCC), Newark, UofD Gardens, 3.viii.2007, T. Cooper (1♀, UDCC), Sussex Co., Millville, Route 26, 5.x.1997, M.J. Harrison (1♀, UDCC), ID: Lafayette, 30.iv.1915, swept from grass, J.M. Aldrich (1♀, USNM), IL: Chicago, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM), MA: Franklin Co., Northfield, 276 Old Wendell Rd., 5.v.2016, C.S. Eiseman, Taraxacum officinale, 20–21.v.2016 , #CSE2476, CNC654194 (1♂, CNC), MD: Temple Hills, 17.vii.1978, G.F. Hevel (1♀, USNM), Lavale, 9.v.1970, G. Steyskal (1♂, USNM), Montgomery Co., 4mi SW of Ashton, G.F. and J.F. Hevel, 18.iv.1987 (1♀, USNM), 25.iv.1987 (1♀, USNM), 15.viii.1982 (1♂ 2♀, USNM), 17.vii.1978 (1♂, USNM), 18.iv.1987 (1♂, USNM), Colesville, 31.vii.1975, W.W. Wirth (2♂, USNM), Colesville, 31.viii.1973, Malaise trap, W.W. Wirth (1♂ 2♀, USNM), P.G. Co., Temple Hills, 17.vii.1978, G.F. Hevel (2♂, USNM), Camp Springs, 8.vii.1979, G.F. Hevel (2♀, USNM), Oxon Hill, G.F. and S. Hevel, 22.vii.1978 (1♀, USNM), 24.vii.1978 (1♀, USNM), Frederick Co., 1mi N, 4.7mi W of Point of Rocks, 11.vii.1982, G.F. and J.F. Hevel (1♀, USNM), MI: Chippewa Co., 3.vi.1937, R.andK. Dreisbach (1♀, USNM), Ingham Co., E Lansing, 22.vii.1963, F.E. Giles (1♀, USNM), E. Lansing, C. Sabrosky, 3.vi.1937 (1♀, USNM), 29.v.1937 (1♀, USNM), NM: Cloudcroft, 26.v.1964, J.F. McAlpine, CNC358586 (1♂, CNC), NY: Ithaca, A.L. Melander, 28.v.1937 (1♀, USNM), 31.v.1913 (1♀, USNM), White Plains, 1.v.1909, Bueno, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM), Geneva, 28.v.1914, A.L. Melander (1♂ 5♀, USNM), Chazy, 8.viii.1930, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM), OH: Oxford, Mallot’s Lawn, 12.x.1978, B.A. Steinly (1♀, USNM), PA: Chester Co., Toughkenamon, 39°51'37, 75°46'58, 14.ix.2007, E. Lake Stroud Res. Ctr. (1♀, UDCC), Bucks Co., Pineville, 24.v.1969, J.W. Adams (1♀, USNM), TN: Gt. Smokies N.P., Chimneys, 20.vi.1941, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM), Sevier Co., Rte. 441, 3mi NW NC/TN border, Great Smokey Mt. N.P., 35°38.3'N, 83°27.8'W, 4500', S.D. Gaimari, 27.v.1999 (1♀, USNM), VA: Pulaski, 7.v.1979, G. Steyskal (4♂ 1♀, USNM), Montgomery Co., Mill Cr., Rt. 785 NE Blacksburg, 30.iv.1978, C.M. and O.S. Flint (1♀, USNM), Giles Co., 10 km NW Blacksburg, Bald Knob, 18.v.1997, S.A. Marshall (1♂, DEBU), Butt Mtn., 8 km NW Blacksburg, 21.v.2005, S.A. Marshall (1♂, DEBU).
Ophiomyia nasuta is a widespread and relatively commonly encountered species that can be diagnosed quite readily using external characters: the facial carina is short with the bulb large and semispherical, the gena apically produced and truncated, there is no male fasciculus, there are three dorsocentral setae, the ocellar setulae are dense and proclinate, and there is sexual dimorphism in number of ors.
Ophiomyia sexta
Spencer, 1969: 98.
Wing length 2.1–2.4 mm (♂), 2.5 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.8–0.9. Eye height divided by gena height: 2.5–4.2. Facial carina stout with sides diverging above, thin below; bulb well-developed, sometimes with shallow medial furrow. Gena shallowly produced, forming 70°–80° angle. Clypeus produced and strongly narrowed apically. Buccal cavity narrowed anteriorly with anterior margin small and straight. Distance between crossveins as long as dm-m or less. Ocellar triangle and fronto-orbital plate shiny. Excluding VA specimen, fronto-orbital plate and parafacial strongly projecting.
Chaetotaxy : Male with vibrissal fasciculus ~ 1/2 length of gena. Three ori; two ors; sometimes only one ors or with two ori on one side only. Mid tibia with one weak distomedial seta.
Colouration : Body, including halter dark brown, but sometimes portions of ocellar triangle and fronto-orbital plate paler. Wing veins brown. Calypter margin and hairs brown.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Unknown.
Canada: AB, MB, QC, NT. USA: CO, IL*, MS*, VA*.
Holotype: Canada. AB: Cypress Hills, 25.vi.1966, K. Spencer (1♂, CNC).
Canada: MB: 2mi W Stockton, spruce-sand community, 20.v.1958, J.F. McAlpine (1♂, CNC), NT: Hay River, 15.vii.1959, P.R. Erlich (1♂, CNC), QC: Harrington Lake, Gatineau Park, 31.v.1954, E.E. Sterns (1♂, CNC), Kingsmere, 12.v.1958, J.G. Chillcott (1♀, CNC). USA. CO: Flagstaff Co., Boulder, 5800[ft], 10.vi.1961, C.H. Mann (1♂, CNC).
USA. CO: Boulder, Flagstaff Cn., 1767 m, 10.vi.1961, C.H. Mann, CNC358559 (1♂, CNC), IL: nr. Forest City, forest, 21.v.1953, J.F. McAlpine, CNC358560–358562 (3♂, CNC), MS: Winston Co., Noxubee Nat. Wildlife R., Tripletts, 33°16'N, 88°51'W, pasture road, 19.v.2013, J.M. Cumming, CNC358563 (1♂, CNC), VA: Veitch, 9.vi.1912, J.R. Malloch (1♂, USNM).
Compared to other Ophiomyia with a fasciculus, O. sexta has a relatively short genal process, three ori and quite closely spaced crossveins. Internally, the incredibly large distiphallus is characteristic, being brain-shaped in ventral view and dorsoventrally compressed.
Agromyza simplex Loew, 1869: 46.
Melanagromyza simplex.
Triopisopa simplex.
Ophiomyia simplex.
Hexomyza simplex.
(Figs
Chaetotaxy : Male vibrissal fasciculus absent. Two or three ori; two ors. Mid tibia with one posteromedial seta.
Colouration : Body, including halter dark brown and shiny. Calypter margin and hairs dark brown.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Asparagaceae – Asparagus officinalis. Adults have been collected on potato and beans.
Canada: BC*, ON, QC. USA: Widespread. Europe.
Holotype: USA. “Middle States” (1♂, destroyed).
Germany. Berlin, from C. Schirmer (1♂ ♀, USNM), Crossen a.O., 22.v.1932, Hering, Mine an Asparagus officinalis No. 3871, CNC358570 (1♂, CNC). Canada. BC: Armstrong, collected from asparagus, 18.v.1976, 76-535, CNC358571 (1♂, CNC), ON: Ottawa, 25.v.1941, G. Matthewman, CNC358565–358569 (2♂ 3♀, CNC), Simcoe, 2.vi.1989, G.E. Shewell, CNC358564, CNC358572–358574 (2♂,2♀, CNC), Vineland, 20.vi.1937, G.E. Shewell, CNC358577 (1♀, CNC), QC: Abbotsford, 2.ix.1936, G.E. Shewell, CNC358576 (1♀, CNC), 24.vii.1936, CNC358575 (1♀, CNC). USA. CA: Lakeside, 4.iv.1944, Asparagus (1♂ 1♀, USNM), DC: “DC” (1♂, USNM), DE: Rising Sun, 12.v.1953, on asparagus, D. MacCreary (1♂, UDCC), Georgetown, 17.v.1955 (1♂ 2♀, UDCC), Stanton, 7.viii.1951 (1♂ 1♀, UDCC), GA: Tifton, 24.ix.1896, A.L. Melander (1? [head and abdomen missing], USNM), IA: Pleasant Valley, 29.vii.1931, H.M. Harris (1♀, USNM), IL: Chicago, A.L.Melander (1♂, USNM), MD: Cabin John, 10.v.1897 (2♂, USNM), Chillum, 6.iii.1914, collected on Asparagus (1♂, USNM), Colesville, 20.viii.1975, Malaise trap, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM), College Park, “6-29”, C.T. Greene (2♂, USNM), College Park, 10.viii.1914, collected on potato, W.H. White (1♂, USNM), College Park, “6-29”, C.T. Greene (1♀, USNM), MI: E Lansing, 1.vi.1929, on asparagus, R.W. Pettit (2♂ 1♀, USNM), Grand Rapids, 13.iv.1931, C.W. Sabrosky (1♂ 1♀, USNM), NY: Ithaca, A.L. Melander (2♂ 2♀, USNM), No. 2, Williamsville, Swp. 1, beans, 25.vii.1964 (1♂, UDCC).
Ophiomyia simplex is one of the few Ophiomyia with an anteriorly recessed gena, a strongly shiny and pronounced fronto-orbital plate and parafacial, a costa that extends only slightly past R4+5, a basiphallus composed of one pair of twisted bands and a bell-shaped distiphallus.
This species was transferred to Hexomyza by
Agromyza texana Malloch, 1913: 319. Hendel 1931: 194 (as synonym of proboscoidea Strobl).
Ophiomyia texana.
Ophiomyia shiloensis
Spencer, 1969: 98.
Ophiomyia arguta
Spencer in
Ophiomyia modesta
Spencer, 1981: 94.
Wing length 1.8–1.9 mm (♂♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.8. Eye height divided by gena height: 11.0. Facial carina slender, distinct, with slender, smooth, matt facial bulb; carina not expanding immediately above bulb. Eye angled diagonally. Genal process with a broad, relatively short base approximating 60°, but apex much narrower, extending as a fine point. Clypeus strongly extended anteriorly as narrow process. Ocellar triangle with lateral margins straight to slightly concave, ending between ori and ors, but with sides produced as shallow grooves appearing sometimes to extend to lunule. Anterior margin of buccal cavity narrowed and straight. Notum shiny; bare between dorsocentrals. Crossveins separated by slightly more than length of dm-m.
Chaetotaxy : Male vibrissal fasciculus thick and upcurved, pointed, at least 2/3 length of gena. Two ori; two ors. Region between dorsocentrals smooth or with only a few anteromedial setulae. Mid tibia without posteromedial setae.
Colouration : Body, including halter dark brown. Gena and inner margin of fronto-orbital plate sometimes light brown. Wing veins dirty white to brown. Calypter margin and hairs dark brown.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Brassicaceae – Rorippa, Descurainia. DE specimen collected on “spider bush”, likely as an adult.
Canada: MB. USA: CA, DE*, TX. Bahamas. Reported by
Holotype [texana]: USA. TX: Brownsville, “bred from roripa”, 27.i.1909, McMillan and Marsh (1♂, USNM; type No. 15582).
Holotype [arguta]: Bahamas. Eleuthera Is.: Hatchet Bay, nr. Alicetown, 2.iv.1953, E.B. Hayden and L. Giovannoli (1♂, AMNH). [Not examined]
Holotype [modesta]: USA. CA: Ventura Co., Point Mugu State park, 2.iv.1977, K.A. Spencer (1♂, CAS). [Not examined]
Holotype [shiloensis]: Canada. MB: 5mi SW of Shilo, 22.vii.1958, J.G. Chillcott (1♂, CNC).
Paratypes [shiloensis]: Canada. MB: Churchill, 3.ix.1945, R. Richards (1♂, CNC), Treesbank, 17.viii.1958, J.G. Chillcott (1♂, CNC).
USA. DE: Newark, 12.ix.1960, spider bush, D.F. Bray (1♂, USNM).
Although Ophiomyia texana can be partially recognised by the long upcurved fasciculus, a relatively small, slender, smooth, matt facial bulb and a scutum that is largely without medial setulae between the dorsocentral setae, examination of the male phallus is essential for confident identification. The distiphallus is chevron-shaped in profile, the inner surface is sparsely but evenly spinulose, and the base has a tail-like process.
The Delaware record presented here significantly expands the northeastern range of this widespread but uncommon taxon.
Agromyza tiliae Couden, 1908: 35.
Melanagromyza tiliae.
Melanagromyza fastosa Spencer, 1969: 67. Syn. nov.
Hexomyza tiliae. Spencer 1973: 299.
Ophiomyia fastosa.
Ophiomyia tiliae.
Wing length 1.9–2.7 mm (♂), 2.7–3.3 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 0.6–0.8. Eye height divided by gena height: 2.5–4.3. Fronto-orbital plate varying from slightly visible laterally to relatively pronounced; parafacial sometimes produced, continuing under eye as broad cheek. Gena relatively high and shallowly rounded, only slightly angled anteriorly to produce shallow ventromedial angle. Facial carina indistinct to absent, but antennal bases always slightly separated; bulb slender, not strongly pronounced, usually appearing as slight swelling below antennal bases. Clypeus stout and parallel-sided. Ocellar triangle and fronto-orbital plate shiny. Crossveins narrowly separated.
Chaetotaxy : Male vibrissal fasciculus absent. Two to three ori (orbital setula between ori variably strengthened); two ors. Mid tibia with one posteromedial seta.
Colouration : Body, including halter dark brown with gena paler. Wing veins light brown. Calypter margin and hairs brown. Abdomen sometimes with very faint, almost indistinct metallic lustre – in NY male, tint greenish with tergites 1–3 bluish.
Genitalia
: (Figs
Variation : VPIC male with clypeus appearing broadly rounded (actually bulbous medially), but anterior corners still present. Cheek only evident anteriorly. Two ori, closely spaced anteriorly. Anteroventral membrane on phallus reduced, with “wings” of distiphallus barely evident.
Malvaceae – Tilia americana, Tilia sp.
Canada: AB, ON*, QC. USA: CO, IL, IN, MA (