Venturia argentina Schrottky, 1902; by original designation.

Eye not indented to weakly indented opposite antennal socket; frons with or without a lateromedian longitudinal carina; propodeum long, reaching beyond middle of hind coxa, sometimes extending to apex of hind coxa; area superomedia and area petiolaris usually confluent; lateromedian longitudinal carina close together and more or less parallel to each other; propodeal spiracle round to oval; areolet present to absent; CU&cu-a of hind wing intercepted or not intercepted; claws not pectinate to strongly pectinate; metasoma petiole slender, first metasomal segment round in cross-section of basal 0.3, the suture separating tergite from its sternite lies in the middle or above the middle; ovipositor long, straight to strongly upcurved; male genital paramere weakly to strongly notched apically.

Holotype: China • ♀; Fujian, Nanping; 21.IX.2002; Xiao-Xia Yu leg.; No. 20025513. Paratype: China • 1♀; Zhejiang, Songyang; 7.VII.1982; Han-Lin Chen leg.; No. 924532.

In the key by Gupta and Maheshwary (1977), this species keys out as V. oditesi (Sonan, 1939) from China and Myanmar because of the missing areolet on the fore wing. It can be easily distinguished from V. oditesi by the following: malar space approximately 0.2× basal width of mandible, propodeal area basalis not confluent with area superomedia, second tergite 2.0× longer than third tergite, 2rs-m vein very close to 2m-cu vein, hind femur blackish brown, hind tibia blackish brown medially, and metasoma wholly blackish with apical segments blackish brown.

This species is also similar to V. oblongata Gupta & Maheshwary, 1977 from Singapore, but differs from it by having the following: face rugulose-punctate, malar space 0.2× basal width of mandible, pronotum rugose-punctate dorsally, mesoscutum punctate and punctate-reticulate apically, propodeal area lateralis rugose-punctate, area basalis not confluent with area superomedia, area external punctate, hind femur blackish brown, and metasoma wholly blackish with apical segments blackish brown.

Female holotype (Fig. 1). Body length 7.2 mm, fore wing length 3.9 mm.

Figure 1. 

Venturia contiguus sp. nov., female, habitus, lateral view.

Head. Antenna with 37 flagellomeres; first flagellomere 1.2× longer than second flagellomere. Face (Fig. 2F) rugulose-punctate, somewhat less pronounced laterally. Clypeus matte, weakly punctate. Malar space finely granulate, 0.2× basal width of mandible. Mandible with lamella more prominent in the basal 0.5. Frons granulate-punctate, median carina indistinct. Vertex granulate. Interocellar distance (Fig. 2G) 2.1× ocello-ocular distance and 2.0× distance between median and lateral ocelli. Temple subpolished, ca 0.4× length of the eye in dorsal view. Occipital carina evenly arched, joining hypostomal carina at mandible base.

Figure 2. 

Venturia contiguus sp. nov., female A fore wing B hind wing C mesosoma, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E first metasomal segment, lateral view F head, anterior view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutum, dorsal view I pronotum, lateral view J tip of ovipositor, lateral view K hind tarsal claw.

Mesosoma. Pronotum (Fig. 2I) rugose-punctate dorsally, trans-striate laterally. Mesoscutum (Fig. 2H) punctate, rugulose-punctate in notaulic area, punctate-reticulate apically. Scutellum punctate anteriorly, rugose-punctate posteriorly. Metanotum rugose-punctate. Mesopleuron (Fig. 2C) punctate, trans-striate below tegula, speculum smooth. Propodeum (Fig. 2D) with area basalis trapezoid; area superomedia long and narrow with rugosity, not confluent with area basalis but confluent with area petiolaris; area petiolaris trans-striate; area external punctate; area dentipara rugose-punctate; area lateralis rugose-punctate; lateromedian longitudinal carina almost parallel; propodeal spiracle small, oval. Propodeum extending to 0.7 of hind coxa.

Wing. Fore wing (Fig. 2A) areolet absent. 2rs-m slightly in front of the 2m-cu by only 0.2× of its length. RS ca 1.6× longer than 2r&RS. 1cu-a opposite M&RS, inclivous. External angles of second discal cell acute (70°). Hind wing (Fig. 2B) with CU&cu-a intercepted at lower 0.3 of its length. Distal abscissa of CU connected to CU&cu-a, spectral.

Legs. Hind femur 5.3× longer than wide. Inner spur ca 0.6× as long as first tarsomere of hind tarsus. Tarsal claws pectinate (Fig. 2K).

Metasoma. Apical tergites from third on compressed. First segment (Fig. 2E) long and slender, ca 3.1× longer than its apical width, without glymma; dorsolateral carina of first tergite missing; petiole ca 6.0× width; suture separating first tergite from sternite situated mid height at basal third of first metasomal segment. Second tergite finely granulate, relatively long and slender, 0.8× first tergite, 2.0× third tergite, 3.4× its apical width; thyridium oval, located at basal 0.4 length of second tergite. Posterior margins of sixth and seventh tergites medially concave. Ovipositor sheath ca 1.5× longer than hind femur, ovipositor ca 2.5× longer than hind femur. Ovipositor upcurved apically, dorsal preapical notch strong, tip acute (Fig. 2J).

Colour. Black. Mandible except teeth, scape and pedicel except laterally, palpi, tegula, fore and mid coxae in apical half and all trochanters, yellow. Coxae ventrally blackish brown. Rest of fore and mid legs yellowish brown to blackish brown, with apical tarsal segment blackish brown. Hind coxa in apical half and trochanter, yellow. Remainder of hind leg blackish brown with tibia basally and apically darker. Metasoma wholly blackish with apical segments blackish brown.

China (Fujian, Zhejiang).

Name derived from “contiguus” (Latin for “near”), because 2rs-m vein situated close to 2m-cu vein.

China • 1♀; Fujian, Shaowu; 5.XII.1981; Jian-Hong Qiu leg.; No. 816433 • 5♀4♂; Guangxi, Lingchuan; 1983; Gui-Yu Li leg.; No. 835369(9) • 1♀1♂; Guangxi, Nanning; 17.III.1986; Wei-Bao Huang leg.; No. 860822.

Figure 3. 

Venturia inclyta, female, habitus, lateral view.

(Fig. 4). Antenna without a white band, face rugose-punctate, propodeal carinae strong, metasoma strongly compressed apically, otherwise similar to female.

Figure 4. 

Venturia inclyta, male, habitus, lateral view.

Antenna with 41–43 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 1.4–1.6× second flagellomere, malar space 0.3–0.5× basal width of mandible, ovipositor 2.4–2.8× the length of hind femur, ovipositor sheath 2.1–2.6× the length of hind femur.

China (Fujian, Guangxi), India, Nepal, Sri Lanka. New record for China.

Figure 5. 

Venturia inclyta, female A fore wing B hind wing C mesosoma, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E first metasomal segment F head, anterior view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutum, dorsal view I pronotum, lateral view J tip of ovipositor, lateral view K hind tarsal claw.

Holotype: Nepal • ♀; Nepal, Tansen; 12.VII.2014; Bin-Bin Xu leg.; No. 201502137.

In the key by Gupta and Maheshwary (1977), this species keys out to V. inquinata (Morley, 1913) from India, but differs from V. inquinata by the following: face rugose-punctate, teeth with an elevated carina, malar space 0.2× basal width of mandible, mandible without lamella, mandible blackish brown, and postpetiole reddish brown.

This species is also similar to V. taiwana (Sonan, 1937) from Taiwan province of China, but differs from it by the following: clypeus without a median apical tooth, teeth with an elevated carina, malar space smooth and shiny, 0.2× basal width of mandible, temple not strongly swollen, fore wing without areolet, tegula black, mid trochanter and femur except apex blackish, hind femur black, and metasoma from third tergite on lateral surface reddish brown with a black dorsal stripe.

This species is similar to V. prolixa Wahl, 1987 from America, but differs from latter by having teeth with an elevated carina, propodeal median area not granulate, area external rugose-punctate, area dentipara rugose-reticulate and not on a granulate surface, hind femur ca 11.0× longer than wide, tegula black, hind leg black except extreme base of first tarsomere yellowish brown, and metasoma with second tergite black, laterally brownish, from third tergite on lateral surface reddish brown with a black dorsal stripe.

Female holotype (Fig. 6). Body length 15.0 mm, fore wing length 9.0 mm.

Figure 6. 

Venturia levocarinata sp. nov., female, habitus, lateral view.

Head. Antenna at least with 48 flagellomeres (apex missing); first flagellomere 1.4× longer than second flagellomere. Face (Fig. 7F) rugose-punctate, laterally more superficial. Clypeus smooth and shiny, punctate. Malar space smooth and shiny, partly granulate, 0.2× basal width of mandible. Mandible (Fig. 7G) without lamella, with an elevated carina on outer surface. Frons rugose-punctate, median carina distinct. Vertex shallowly to deeply punctate. Ocellar region small. Interocellar distance (Fig. 7H) 0.9× ocello-ocular distance and 2.5× distance between median and lateral ocelli. Temple subpolished, densely punctate below, ca 0.5× length of the eye. Occipital carina evenly arched, joining hypostomal carina far before mandible base.

Figure 7. 

Venturia levocarinata sp. nov., female A fore wing B hind wing C mesosoma, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E first metasomal segment F head, anterior view G mandible, anterior view H head, dorsal view I mesoscutum, dorsal view J pronotum, lateral view K tip of ovipositor, lateral view L hind tarsal claw.

Mesosoma. Pronotum (Fig. 7J) punctate dorsally, smooth and shiny medially, short striate laterally. Mesoscutum (Fig. 7I) punctate, rugose in notaulic area, rugose-reticulate apically. Scutellum punctate anteriorly, rugose-punctate posteriorly. Metanotum rugose-reticulate. Mesopleuron (Fig. 7C) rugose-punctate above, punctate below, weakly trans-striate below tegula; speculum smooth and shiny. Metapleuron rugose-punctate above, punctate below. Propodeum (Fig. 7D) with area basalis trapezoid; area superomedia small and narrow, confluent with area petiolaris, trans-striate; area external rugose-punctate; area dentipara rugose-reticulate; area lateralis rugose-punctate; all carinae distinct; propodeal spiracle oval. Propodeum extending to 0.9 of hind coxa.

Wing. Fore wing (Fig. 7A) without areolet, and distance between 2rs-m and 2m-cu ca 0.6× length of 2rs-m. RS ca 1.4× longer than 2r&RS. 1cu-a opposite M&RS. External angles of second discal cell acute (75°). Hind wing (Fig. 7B) with CU&cu-a slightly inclivous and not intercepted. Distal abscissa of CU not connected to CU&cu-a.

Legs. Coxae weakly punctate. Hind femur ca 11.0× longer than wide. Inner spur ca. 0.5 as long as first tarsomere of hind tarsus. Tarsal claws strongly pectinate (Fig. 7L).

Metasoma. Apical tergites from third on slightly compressed. First segment (Fig. 7E) long and slender, ca 6.3× longer than apical width, without glymma; dorsolateral carina of first tergite missing; petiole ca 6.5× longer than wide. Suture separating first tergite from sternite situated above the mid-height at basal third of first metasomal segment. Second tergite finely granulate, long and slender, 0.9× first tergite, 1.8× third tergite, 5.0× its apical width; thyridium oval, located at basal 0.4 length of second tergite. Third tergite 2.8× longer than its apical width. Posterior margins of sixth and seventh tergites medially concave. Ovipositor sheath ca 1.8× longer than hind femur, ovipositor ca 2.4× longer than hind femur. Ovipositor nearly straight, dorsal preapical notch strong, tip acute (Fig. 7K).

Colour. Mandible blackish brown, subapically brownish. Tegula black. All coxae black. Fore legs missing. Mid trochanter and femur except apex blackish, remainder of leg yellowish brown. Hind leg black except extreme base of first tarsomere yellowish brown. Petiole black and postpetiole reddish brown, second tergite black, laterally brownish, from third tergite on lateral surface reddish brown with a black dorsal stripe.

Nepal.

Name derived from “levo” (Latin for “raised”) and “carinata” (Latin for “carina”), because teeth with elevated carina on outer surface.

Holotype: Nepal • ♀; Nepal, Kathmandu Nagarkot; 24.VII.2013; Zhen Liu leg.; No. 201406299.

In the key by Gupta and Maheshwary (1977) this species keys out as V. ahlensis Maheshwary, 1977 from India, because the propodeal lateromedian longitudinal carina and lateral longitudinal carina are absent, but it can be easily distinguished from V. ahlensis by the following: areolet small with a long stalk, malar space ca 0.45× basal width of mandible, and area superomedia region rugulose.

This species is also similar to V. himachala Gupta & Maheshwary, 1977 from Indian and Nepal, but differs from latter by the following: frons rugulose with median carina absent, interocellar distance 1.3× ocello-ocular distance, anterior part of median lobe of mesoscutum with indistinct punctures, and propodeal lateromedian carina absent below anterior transverse carina.

Female holotype (Fig. 8). Body length 6.5 mm, fore wing length 4.0 mm.

Figure 8. 

Venturia liuae sp. nov., female, habitus, lateral view.

Head. Antenna with at least 33 flagellomeres (apex missing), length of first flagellomere ca 1.3× longer than second flagellomere; face (Fig. 9F) rugose-punctate, punctures stronger and coalescent centrally, and shallow laterally; malar space granulate, ca 0.45× basal width of mandible; mandible with a weak lamella; frons rugulose, median carina absent; vertex rugulose-punctate; temple shallowly punctate, ca 0.5× length of the eye; ocellar region punctate; interocellar distance (Fig. 9G) 1.3× ocello-ocular distance and 2.0× distance between median and lateral ocelli; occipital carina evenly arched, joining hypostomal carina before mandible base.

Figure 9. 

Venturia liuae sp. nov., female A fore wing B hind wing C mesosoma, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E fisrt metasomal segment, lateral view F head, anterior view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutum, dorsal view I pronotum, lateral view J tip of ovipositor, lateral view K hind tarsal claw.

Mesosoma. Pronotum (Fig. 9I) trans-striate laterally, closely punctate dorsally; mesoscutum (Fig. 9H) punctate, matte, anterior part of median lobe with indistinct punctures; scutellum punctate; metanotum rugose-punctate; mesopleuron (Fig. 9C) densely punctate, punctures separated by less than their diameter, weakly striate below subtegular ridge; metapleuron similar to mesopleuron except that the punctures little denser. Propodeum (Fig. 9D) with area superomedia rugulose, area petiolaris rugose-striate; lateral longitudinal carina absent; lateromedian longitudinal carina absent below anterior transverse carina; propodeal spiracle oval; propodeum projecting at 0.5 of hind coxa.

Wing. Fore wing (Fig. 9A) areolet small with a long stalk, the height of areolet ca 0.7× as long as stalk, emitting 2m-cu vein from its apical part. RS ca 1.8× longer than 2r&RS. 1cu-a opposite M&RS. External angles of second discal cell acute (70°). Hind wing (Fig. 9B) with CU&cu-a intercepted at lower 0.35 of its length.

Legs. Hind femur 5.0× longer than wide. Inner spur of hind tibia ca 0.45× as long as first tarsomere of hind tarsus. Tarsal claws pectinate (Fig. 9K).

Metasoma. Apical tergites from third on slightly compressed. First segment (Fig. 9E) long and slender, ca 3.8× longer than its apical width, without glymma; dorsolateral carina of first tergite missing; petiole ca 5.0× longer than high. Suture separating first tergite from sternite situated mid-height at basal third of first metasomal segment. Second tergite granulate, long and slender, 0.9× first tergite, 2.6× its apical width; thyridium oval, small, its distance from basal margin of tergite ca 3.0× its length. Third tergite 1.3× longer than its apical width. Posterior margins of sixth and seventh tergites medially concave. Ovipositor sheath ca 1.8× longer than hind femur, ovipositor ca 3.0× longer than hind femur, ovipositor gradually upcurved, dorsal preapical notch strong, tip acute (Fig. 9J).

Colour. Black. Scape narrowly in front, mandible except teeth, palpi, tegula, extreme apices of fore and mid coxae, fore trochanter and trochantellus of mid trochanter, yellow; remainder of fore leg yellowish brown with apical segment dark brown and remainder of mid leg yellowish brown with tarsus blackish brown; hind leg with trochanter blackish brown, trochantellus yellowish brown with externally more brownish, femur yellowish brown but apically blackish, tibia brownish with base and apex blackish, tarsus blackish brown; metasoma with first and second segment wholly black, dorsal surface from third segment on black but laterally reddish brown.

Nepal.

This species is named in honor of Dr Zhen Liu, the collector of the holotype.

China • 1♀; Guangdong, Shixing; 25.V.2002; Zai-Fu Xu leg.; No. 201806114 • 1♂; Zhejiang, Hangzhou; 8.VIII.1981; Jun-Hua He leg.; No. 815229.

Figure 10. 

Venturia serpentina, female, habitus, lateral view.

(Fig. 11). Interocellar distance 1.7× ocello-ocular distance and 2.5× distance between median and lateral ocelli. Fore wing 1cu-a distad of M&RS by 0.3 its length. Metasoma not snake-like. Hind coxa yellow, hind tibia wholly yellow.

Figure 11. 

Venturia serpentina, male, habitus, lateral view.

China (Guangdong, Zhejiang), Myanmar. New record for China.

Figure 12. 

Venturia serpentina, female A fore wing B hind wing C mesosoma, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E first metasomal segment F head, anterior view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutum, dorsal view I pronotum, lateral view J tip of ovipositor, lateral view K hind tarsal claw.

Holotype: China • ♀; Yunnan, Xishuangbanna; 20.VI.2018; 21°44.75'N, 100°26.00'E; 1610 m; Malaise trap; No. 20180823.

In the key by Gupta and Maheshwary (1977), this species keys out to V. tectonae (Perkins, 1936) from Myanmar, but differs from it by the following: interocellar distance 1.2× ocello-ocular distance, second tergite 1.5× third tergite, malar space weakly punctate, tegula yellowish brown, and differently coloured metasoma.

This species is also similar to V. anchisteus Wahl, 1987 from Mexico, but differs from it by the following: propodeal area external punctate, area dentipara rugose-reticulate, the height of areolet ca equal to the length of stalk, second metasomal tergite ca 1.7× its apical width, and hind tibia except base and apex yellowish brown.

Female holotype (Fig. 13). Body length 13.0 mm, fore wing length 8.8 mm.

Figure 13. 

Venturia yunnanensis sp. nov., female, habitus, lateral view.

Head. Antenna a little shorter than fore wing, with 42 flagellomeres; first flagellomere ca 1.5× longer than second flagellomere. Face (Fig. 14F) densely rugose-punctate. Clypeus punctate, punctures sparser than on face. Malar space weakly punctate, 0.35× basal width of mandible. Frons rugose-punctate, punctate on sides; with median carina. Vertex matte, shallowly punctate. Ocellar region punctate. Interocellar distance (Fig. 14G) 1.5× ocello-ocular distance and 2.4× distance between median and lateral ocelli. Temple shallowly punctate, ca 0.4× length of the eye. Occipital carina evenly arched, joining hypostomal carina at mandible base.

Figure 14. 

Venturia yunnanensis sp. nov., female A fore wing B hind wing C mesosoma, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E first metasomal segment, lateral view F head, anterior view G head, dorsal view H mesoscutum, dorsal view I pronotum, lateral view J tip of ovipositor, lateral view K hind tarsal claw.

Mesosoma. Pronotum (Fig. 14I) rugose-punctate dorsally, trans-striate laterally. Mesoscutum (Fig. 14H) punctate, rugose in notaulic region. Scutellum punctate anteriorly, rugose-punctate posteriorly. Metanotum rugose-reticulate. Mesopleuron (Fig. 14C) rugose-punctate above, punctate below, trans-striate below tegula. Metapleuron rugose-punctate above, rugose-reticulate below. Propodeum (Fig. 14D) with area basalis trapezoid; area superomedia region small, rugose and confluent with area petiolaris; area petiolaris trans-striate; area external punctate; area dentipara rugose-reticulate; area lateralis rugose-punctate; lateromedian longitudinal carina relatively weak below anterior transverse carina, and narrow posteriorly; propodeal spiracle oval. Propodeum extending to 0.5 of hind coxa.

Wing. Fore wing (Fig. 14A) with relatively small, petiolate areolet, height of areolet ca equal to the length of stalk, emitting 2m-cu vein from its apical part. RS ca 1.8× longer than 2r&RS. 1cu-a opposite M&RS. External angles of second discal cell acute (75°). Hind wing (Fig. 14B) with CU&cu-a intercepted at lower 0.35× of its length. Distal abscissa of CU connected to CU&cu-a, spectral.

Legs. Coxae weakly punctate. Hind femur ca 5.3× longer than wide. Inner spur ca 0.45× first tarsomere of hind tarsus. Tarsal claws pectinate (Fig. 14K).

Metasoma. Apical tergites from third on slightly compressed. First segment (Fig. 14E) long and slender, ca 3.9× longer than its apical width, without glymma; dorsolateral carina of first tergite missing; petiole ca 5.5× longer than wide. Suture separating first tergite from sternite situated mid-height at basal third of first metasomal segment. Second tergite finely granulate, relatively long and slender, 0.7× first tergite, 1.5× third tergite, 1.7× its apical width; thyridium oval, its distance from basal margin of tergite ca 2.5× its length. Third tergite 1.15× longer than its apical width. Posterior margins of sixth and seventh tergites medially concave. Ovipositor sheath ca 1.8× longer than hind femur, ovipositor ca 2.6× longer than hind femur. Ovipositor upcurved apically, dorsal preapical notch absent, tip acute (Fig. 14J).

Colour. Mandible except teeth, palpi, tegula, scape and pedicel in front, fore and middle legs from the apices of coxae onward, yellowish brown, femora and tarsus darker. Hind leg with tarsus, base and apex of tibia, base of trochanter, blackish brown; remainder of the hind leg yellowish brown. First metasomal segment black with postpetiole reddish brown, second segment reddish brown with apically lighter, remainder of the tergites light reddish orange.

China (Yunnan).

Name derived from the name of type locality of species.