Labulla hespera Gertsch & Ivie, 1936, from California, USA.

Pimoa is larger in size than other genera occurring in the region, 4.0–12.0 mm. The chelicerae of most species of Pimoa (including the type species) have three promarginal and three retromarginal teeth. Males of Pimoa can be distinguished from Nanoa by the small median apophysis and the elongate cymbial denticulate process with many cuspules (vs. the large median apophysis and short cymbial process only with one strong cuspule). (Fig. 1A, B; Hormiga 2005: figs 1, 2), from Putaoa by the slender embolus and the absence of distinctly large macrosetae on the palpal tibia (vs. the thick embolus and many robust macrosetae on the pedipalpal tibia) (Fig. 1A, B; Hormiga and Tu 2008: figs 3, 5, 6), and from Weintrauboa by the clockwise pimoid embolic process and the absence of an embolic flap (vs. counterclockwise pimoid embolic process and a membranous embolic flap arising from the embolus) (Fig. 1A, B; Hormiga 2003: figs 1, 2). Females of Pimoa can be distinguished from Nanoa the absence of a ventral scape-like septum (vs. epigynum with a distinct septum) (Fig. 2A; Hormiga 2005: figs 3, 5), from Putaoa by the protruding epigynum and the absence of lateral openings on the epigyne (vs. relatively flat epigynum with two lateral openings) (Fig. 2A–D; Hormiga and Tu 2008: figs 2, 4, 8), and from Weintrauboa by the epigyne with a distinct groove at the margin of the dorsal plate (vs. dorsal plate absent) (Fig. 2A–D; Hormiga 2003: figs 2, 3).

Figure 1. 

Left palp of Pimoa anning sp. nov., holotype A prolateral view B retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum. Scale bar: equal for A, B.

Figure 2. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa anning sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E male habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, dorsal view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for F, G.

Seventy-six valid species of Pimoa are currently known from Asia (58), Europe (4) and North America (14) (WSC 2021).

Holotype: ♂ (IZCAS-Ar41921), China, Sichuan, Jinchuan County, Anning Township, Dujiaogou Valley, Mt. Gada, 31.26°N, 101.97°E, ca. 3048 m, 24.XI.2019, Z. Chen leg. Paratypes: 1♂2♀ (IZCAS-Ar41922-Ar41924), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

The male of Pimoa anning sp. nov. resembles those of P. lata Xu & Li, 2009 (see Zhang and Li 2019: 6, fig. 3A–C) and P. yele sp. nov. (Figs 49A, B, 58A) but can be distinguished by the pimoid embolic process that is wider distally than the rest of the process (Fig. 54A) (vs. pimoid embolic process with two jagged tips in P. lata, and a broad and robust embolic process, with a distally bifurcate, scaled apex in P. yele sp. nov.). Additionally, P. anning sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. lata by the embolus, which has a short, slender spine proximally (Figs 1A, 54A) (vs. without a spine), and distinguished from P. yele sp. nov. by the embolus beginning at the 5:00 o’clock position (Fig. 54A) (vs. 8:00). The female of P. anning sp. nov. also resembles those of P. lata (see Xu and Li 2009: 57, figs 1–8; Zhang and Li 2019: 6, fig. 4A, B) and P. yele sp. nov. (Fig. 50A–D) but can be distinguished from P. lata by having the dorsal plate shorter than the ventral plate (Fig. 2B) (vs. dorsal plate longer than the ventral plate) and by the unseparated spermathecae (Fig. 2A–D) (vs. spermathecae separated), and can be distinguished from P. yele sp. nov. by the dorsal plate being blunt distally (Fig. 2A–D) (vs. pointed distally).

Male (holotype): Total length 5.91. Carapace 2.97 long, 2.38 wide. Abdomen 2.94 long, 1.94 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.15, ALE 0.17, PME 0.16, PLE 0.16; AME-AME 0.09, AME-ALE 0.11, PME-PME 0.13, PME-PLE 0.16. Leg measurements: I: 31.24 (9.03, 10.27, 9.53, 2.41); II: 24.54 (6.63, 7.97, 7.63, 2.31); III: 16.19 (4.94, 4.97, 4.59, 1.69); IV: 21.06 (6.31, 6.75, 6.16, 1.84). Habitus as in Fig. 2E. Carapace brownish with greyish lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum yellow. Abdomen black with yellow transverse chevrons, nearly oval. Legs brownish without annulations. Palp (Figs 1A, B, 54A): patella short, ca. 1/2 of tibial length, with a macroseta; tibia short, ca. 1/2 of cymbial length, with several macrosetae and a dorsal process; paracymbium short, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length, finger shaped; pimoid cymbial sclerite U-shaped, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length; cymbial denticulate process short, with more than 7 cuspules; median apophysis slender; conductor distinct; pimoid embolic process slightly wider distally, longer than embolus; embolus beginning at the 5:00 o’clock position, with a short, slender spine proximally; embolic tooth absent.

Female (paratype): Total length 5.97. Carapace 2.56 long, 2.34 wide. Abdomen 3.41 long, 2.88 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.18, PME 0.14, PLE 0.17; AME-AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.14, PME-PME 0.11, PME-PLE 0.17. Leg measurements: I: 21.42 (6.01, 7.29, 5.84, 2.28); II: 18.46 (5.16, 6.26, 5.13, 1.91); III: 13.19 (3.81, 4.25, 3.66, 1.47); IV: 17.29 (5.28, 5.66, 4.66, 1.69). Habitus as in Fig. 2F, G. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum yellow. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse bands. Legs brownish without annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 2A–D): tongue-shaped; ventral plate broad, width ca. 1/2 of length; dorsal plate triangular; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae nearly rectangular, close to each other; fertilization ducts yellow, laterally oriented.

Known only from the type locality, Sichuan, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♂ (IZCAS-Ar41925), China, Tibet, Nyingchi, Bomi County, Karlung Village, 30.04°N, 95.56°E, ca. 3147 m, 26.VII.2019, X. Zhang, Z. Bai and J. Liu leg. Paratypes: 1♂2♀ (IZCAS-Ar41926-Ar41928), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

The male of Pimoa bomi sp. nov. resembles those of P. gyara sp. nov. (Figs 13A, B, 54D), P. nyingchi Zhang & Li, 2020 (see Zhang et al. 2020: 91, fig. 8A–C), and P. reniformis Xu & Li, 2007 (see Xu and Li 2007: 493, figs 36–41) but can be distinguished by the short and broad cymbial denticulate process (Fig. 54B) (vs. narrow and distally curved in P. gyara sp. nov., short, distally wide, and bent inward in P. nyingchi, and robust, broad, and distally curved in P. reniformis), and additionally from P. gyara sp. nov. and P. nyingchi by the wide, V-shaped pimoid cymbial sclerite (Fig. 54B) (vs. narrow and U-shaped in P. gyara sp. nov. and narrow in P. nyingchi). The female of P. bomi sp. nov. also resembles those of P. nyingchi (see Zhang et al. 2020: 91, fig. 9A–D) and P. reniformis (see Xu and Li 2007: 493, figs 42–47) but can be distinguished from P. nyingchi by the distally blunt dorsal plate (Fig. 4B) (vs. pointed) and from P. reniformis by the round spermathecae (Fig. 4A) (vs. bean-shaped).

Male (holotype): Total length 7.17. Carapace 3.76 long, 3.40 wide. Abdomen 3.41 long, 2.96 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.22, ALE 0.17, PME 0.17, PLE 0.18; AME-AME 0.15, AME-ALE 0.15, PME-PME 0.16, PME-PLE 0.22. Leg measurements: I: 29.04 (8.02, 9.06, 8.56, 3.40); II: 25.64 (7.08, 8.19, 7.56, 2.81); III: 16.29 (5.00, 5.16, 4.63, 1.50); IV: 21.47 (6.09, 6.88, 6.44, 2.06). Habitus as in Fig. 4E. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse chevrons. Legs brownish with black annulations, especially distinct on legs III and IV. Palp (Figs 3A, B, 54B): patella short, subequal to tibial length, with one retrolateral macroseta; tibia short, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length, with several macrosetae and a dorsal process; paracymbium short, ca. 1/4 of cymbial length, finger shaped; pimoid cymbial sclerite V-shaped, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length; cymbial denticulate process short and broad, with more than 25 cuspules; median apophysis slender; conductor distinct; pimoid embolic process length subequal to embolus; embolus beginning at the 4:00 o’clock position; embolic tooth absent.

Figure 3. 

Left palp of Pimoa bomi sp. nov., holotype A prolateral view B retrolateral view. Abbreviations: CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum. Scale bar: equal for A, B.

Figure 4. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa bomi sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E male habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, dorsal view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for F, G.

Female (paratype): Total length 8.20. Carapace 3.88 long, 3.48 wide. Abdomen 4.32 long, 3.20 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.24, ALE 0.25, PME 0.20, PLE 0.22; AME-AME 0.15, AME-ALE 0.19, PME-PME 0.20, PME-PLE 0.24. Leg measurements: I: 25.63 (7.25, 8.78, 6.72, 2.88); II: 21.19 (6.19, 7.22, 5.47, 2.31); III: 15.00 (4.84, 4.85, 3.72, 1.59); IV: 18.60 (5.72, 6.47, 4.53, 1.88). Habitus as in Fig. 4F, G. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse chevrons. Legs brownish with black annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 4A–D): triangular; ventral plate broad, width subequal to length; dorsal plate tongue shaped; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae nearly oval, unseparated; fertilization ducts yellowish, medially oriented.

Known only from the type locality, Tibet, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♀ (IZCAS-Ar41929), China, Tibet, Nyingchi, Zayu County, Cawarong Township, 28.55°N, 98.48°E, ca. 4033 m, 31.VII.2019, X. Zhang, Z. Bai and J. Liu leg. Paratypes: 2♀ (IZCAS-Ar41930-Ar41931), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Pimoa cawarong sp. nov. resembles those of P. nyingchi (see Zhang et al. 2020: 91, fig. 8A–C) and P. reniformis (see Xu and Li 2007: 493, figs 36–41) but can be distinguished from P. nyingchi by the width of the ventral plate ca. 1/2 of length (Fig. 5A) (vs. length subequal to width) and by the narrow, distally blunt dorsal plate (Fig. 5B) (vs. wide medially and pointed distally), and can be distinguished from P. reniformis by the funnel-shaped epigyne (Fig. 5A) (vs. triangular).

Female (holotype): Total length 6.96. Carapace 3.12 long, 2.84 wide. Abdomen 3.84 long, 3.08 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.18, ALE 0.23, PME 0.18, PLE 0.21; AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.14, PME-PME 0.21, PME-PLE 0.23. Leg measurements: I: 21.44 (6.28, 7.19, 5.53, 2.44); II: 19.09 (5.63, 6.28, 5.02, 2.16); III: 13.07 (3.94, 4.25, 3.41, 1.47); IV: 16.89 (5.28, 5.30, 4.47, 1.84). Habitus as in Fig. 5E–G. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse bands. Legs brownish with distinct black annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 5A–D): funnel-shaped; ventral and dorsal plates narrow, width ca. 1/2 length; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae subtriangular, unseparated; fertilization ducts brownish, medially oriented.

Figure 5. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa cawarong sp. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view C vulva, dorsal view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E female habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, lateral view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for E–G.

Male: Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Tibet, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♀ (IZCAS-Ar41932), Nepal, Narayani District, Daman, Forest near Panorama Resort, 27.60°N, 85.09°E, ca. 2401 m, 22.XI.2016, C. Shrestha leg.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Pimoa daman sp. nov. resembles those of P. cona Zhang & Li, 2020 (see Zhang et al. 2020: 82, fig. 2A–D) and P. lemenba Zhang & Li, 2020 (see Zhang et al. 2020: 87, fig. 5A–D) but can be distinguished by the triangular, unseparated spermathecae (Fig. 6A) (vs. oval, separated by ca. 1/3 width of spermatheca in P. cona, round and close in P. lemenba) and the distally blunt dorsal plate (Fig. 6B) (vs. distally narrow in P. cona, distally pointed in P. lemenba).

Female (holotype): Total length 10.52. Carapace 4.60 long, 3.60 wide. Abdomen 5.92 long, 4.02 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.26, ALE 0.24, PME 0.24, PLE 0.27; AME-AME 0.17, AME-ALE 0.25, PME-PME 0.22, PME-PLE 0.31. Legs missing. Habitus as in Fig. 6E–G. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse bands. Epigyne (Fig. 6A–D): subtriangular; ventral plate broad, length subequal to width; dorsal plates tongue-shaped, distally blunt, length subequal to width; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae triangular, unseparated; fertilization ducts yellowish, anteriorly oriented.

Figure 6. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa daman sp. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view C vulva, dorsal view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E female habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, lateral view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for E–G.

Male: Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Narayani District, Nepal (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♀ (IZCAS-Ar41933), China, Sichuan Province, Danba County, Geshizha Township, Jintou Stockaded Village, 31.07°N, 101.66°E, ca. 2639 m, 25.XI.2019, Z. Chen leg. Paratypes: 2♀ (IZCAS-Ar41934-Ar41935), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Pimoa danba sp. nov. resembles those of P. cawarong sp. nov. (Fig. 5A–D) and P. indiscreta Hormiga, 1994 (see Hormiga 1994a: 66, figs 248–255) but can be distinguished by the nearly round spermathecae separated by ca. 1/4 width of a spermatheca (Fig. 7A) (vs. subtriangular, unseparated in P. cawarong sp. nov., and nearly oval, separated by a short distance in P. indiscreta), by the distally narrow ventral plate with a depression (Fig. 7A) (vs. without depression in P. cawarong sp. nov., and triangular, without depression in P. indiscreta), and also from P. indiscreta by the laterally oriented fertilization ducts (Fig. 7B) (vs. medially oriented).

Figure 7. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa danba sp. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view C vulva, dorsal view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E female habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, lateral view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for E–G.

Female (holotype): Total length 6.73. Carapace 3.24 long, 2.78 wide. Abdomen 3.49 long, 3.16 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.21, PME 0.17, PLE 0.24; AME-AME 0.12, AME-ALE 0.15, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.18. Leg measurements: I: 26.53 (7.69, 9.15, 6.97, 2.72); II: 22.09 (6.27, 7.66, 6.19, 1.97); III: 16.17 (4.78, 5.29, 4.41, 1.69); IV: 21.75 (6.41, 7.88, 5.52, 1.94). Habitus as in Fig. 7E–G. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen grayish with yellowish transverse chevrons. Legs brownish without annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 7A–D): subtriangular; ventral plate tongue-shaped, with a depression distally, width ca. 1/2 length; dorsal plates narrow; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae nearly round, separated by ca. 1/4 width of spermatheca; fertilization ducts yellowish, laterally oriented.

Male: Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Sichuan, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♀ (IZCAS-Ar41936), China, Yunnan, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Shangrila to Deqen County, Tongduishui, 28.30°N, 99.15°E, ca. 3309 m, 17.IX.2020, Z. Chen leg. Paratype: 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar41937), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Pimoa deqen sp. nov. resembles those of P. lihengae Griswold, Long & Hormiga, 1999 (see Griswold et al. 1999: 91–97, figs 18–21) and P. wanglangensis Yuan, Zhao & Zhang, 2019 (see Yuan et al. 2019: 27, fig. 22G, H) but can be distinguished from P. lihengae by the tongue-shaped dorsal plate (Fig. 8B) (vs. triangular) and from P. wanglangensis by the unseparated spermathecae (Fig. 8A) (vs. separated by a short distance).

Female (holotype): Total length 5.51. Carapace 2.19 long, 2.09 wide. Abdomen 3.32 long, 2.22 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.13, PME 0.11, PLE 0.14; AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.12, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.16. Leg measurements: I: 15.85 (4.50, 5.66, 3.97, 1.72); II: 14.29 (4.13, 4.78, 3.75, 1.63); III: 11.36 (3.38, 3.74, 3.02, 1.22); IV: 14.20 (4.28, 4.66, 3.72, 1.54). Habitus as in Fig. 8E–G. Carapace yellowish; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse bands. Legs brownish without annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 8A–D): subtriangular; ventral plate broad, length subequal to width; dorsal plates tongue-shaped, length subequal to width; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae oval, unseparated; fertilization ducts yellowish, medially oriented.

Figure 8. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa deqen sp. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view C vulva, dorsal view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E female habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, lateral view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for E–G.

Male: Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Yunnan, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♂ (IZCAS-Ar41938), China, Tibet, Nyingchi, Bayi District, Lunang Town, Dongjiu Village, 29.82°N, 94.74°E, ca. 3117 m, 29.IX.2020, Z. Chen leg. Paratype: 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar41939), China, Tibet, Nyingchi, Bomi County, Yuri Township, the bridge in Dazeshan Village, 30.28°N, 95.28°E, ca. 3199 m, 27.IX.2020, Z. Chen leg.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

The male of Pimoa dongjiu sp. nov. resembles those of P. anatolica Hormiga, 1994 (see Xu and Li 2007: 484, figs 1–8) and P. lihengae (see Griswold et al. 1999: 93, figs 15–17) but can be distinguished by the embolus beginning at the 6:30 o’clock position with a short, slender spine proximally (Fig. 54C) (vs. beginning at the 6:00 o’clock position, without a spine in P. anatolica and P. lihengae), by having the pimoid embolic process longer than the embolus, distally serrate and with scales (Fig. 54C) (vs. shorter than embolus, with a short, sharp branch in P. anatolica and shorter than embolus in P. lihengae), and also distinguished from P. lihengae by the broad cymbial denticulate process (Fig. 54C) (vs. distally bent). The female of P. dongjiu sp. nov. resembles those of P. lihengae (see Griswold et al. 1999: 93, figs 18–21) and P. wanglangensis (see Yuan et al. 2019: 27, fig. 22A–H) but can be distinguished by the distally blunt dorsal plate (Fig. 10B) (vs. distally narrow in P. lihengae and P. wanglangensis) and also from P. wanglangensis by the unseparated spermathecae (Fig. 10A) (vs. slightly separated).

Male (holotype): Total length –. Carapace missing. Abdomen 2.38 long, 1.44 wide. Legs missing. Abdomen grey with yellowish transverse bands, nearly oval. Palp (Figs 9A, B, 54C): patella short, ca. 1/2 of tibial length, with one retrolateral macroseta; tibia short, subequal to cymbial length, with several macrosetae and a dorsal process; paracymbium short, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length, hook-shaped; pimoid cymbial sclerite U-shaped, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length; cymbial denticulate process broad, with more than 8 cuspules; median apophysis slender; conductor distinct; pimoid embolic process broad, robust, distally serrate and with scales, longer than embolus; embolus beginning at the 7:00 o’clock position, with short, slender spine proximally; embolic tooth absent.

Figure 9. 

Left palp of Pimoa dongjiu sp. nov., holotype A prolateral view B retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum. Scale bar: equal for A, B.

Female (paratype): Total length 4.51. Carapace 2.02 long, 1.69 wide. Abdomen 2.49 long, 1.47 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.15, PME 0.12, PLE 0.14; AME-AME 0.07, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.11, PME-PLE 0.13. Legs missing. Habitus as in Fig. 10E–G. Carapace yellowish; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen greyish with yellowish transverse bands. Epigyne (Fig. 10A–D): subtriangular; ventral plate broad, width subequal to length; dorsal plate tongue shaped, distally blunt; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae oval, unseparated; fertilization ducts yellowish, laterally oriented.

Figure 10. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa dongjiu sp. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view C vulva, dorsal view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E female habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, lateral view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for E–G.

Known only from the type locality, Tibet, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♀ (IZCAS-Ar41940), China, Gansu, Tianshui, Wushan County, Mt. Guiqing, 34.65°N, 104.49°E, ca. 1922 m, 13.VII.2020, Y. Lin and Z. Wang leg. Paratype: 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar41941), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Pimoa guiqing sp. nov. can be distinguished from other congeners except for P. binchuanensis Zhang & Li, 2019 (see Zhang and Li 2019: 3, fig. 2A, B) by the tongue-shaped, distally curved dorsal plate (Fig. 11B) (vs. with an oval tip and trapezoidal basal part in P. binchuanensis) and by the unseparated spermathecae (Fig. 11A) (vs. separated by ca. 1/2 the width in P. binchuanensis).

Female (holotype): Total length 5.79. Carapace 2.63 long, 2.16 wide. Abdomen 3.16 long, 2.13 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.14, PME 0.12, PLE 0.16; AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.14, PME-PME 0.14, PME-PLE 0.15. Leg measurements: I: – (5.59, –, –, –); II: 17.64 (4.90, 6.12, 4.81, 1.81); III: 13.07 (3.97, 4.10, 3.56, 1.44); IV: – (5.12, –, –, –). Habitus as in Fig. 11E–G. Carapace yellowish; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum yellow. Abdomen proximally yellowish with grayish transverse bands. Legs brownish without annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 11A–D): triangular; ventral plate broad, length subequal to width; dorsal plate tongue-shaped, with a curved tip distally, length subequal to width; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae round, unseparated; fertilization ducts yellow, laterally oriented.

Figure 11. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa guiqing sp. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view C vulva, dorsal view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E female habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, lateral view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for E–G.

Male: Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Gansu, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♀ (IZCAS-Ar41942), China, Tibet, Lhoka, Gyaca County, on the way to the Lhamo Latso Lake, 29.39°N, 92.75°E, ca. 4435 m, 11.VIII.2019, X. Zhang, Z. Bai and J. Liu leg. Paratypes: 2♀ (IZCAS-Ar41943-Ar41944), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Pimoa gyaca sp. nov. resembles those of P. crispa (Fage, 1946) (see Hormiga 1994a: 63, figs 239–247) and P. mainling Zhang & Li, 2020 (see Zhang et al. 2020: 89, fig. 7A–D) but can be distinguished from P. crispa by the triangular ventral plate (Fig. 12A) (vs. distally blunt) and from P. mainling by the triangular epigyne (Fig. 12A) (vs. funnel shaped) and also by the spermathecae separated by the width of a spermatheca (Fig. 12A) (vs. ca. 1/3 width of a spermatheca).

Figure 12. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa gyaca sp. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view C vulva, dorsal view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E female habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, lateral view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for E–G.

Female (holotype): Total length 8.00. Carapace 3.68 long, 2.78 wide. Abdomen 4.32 long, 3.36 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.19, ALE 0.20, PME 0.18, PLE 0.19; AME-AME 0.14, AME-ALE 0.19, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.19. Leg measurements: I: 26.76 (7.74, 9.00, 7.46, 2.56); II: 22.66 (6.44, 7.47, 6.31, 2.44); III: 15.82 (4.82, 5.15, 4.47, 1.38); IV: 20.78 (6.47, 6.50, 5.78, 2.03). Habitus as in Fig. 12E–G. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse bands. Legs brownish with black annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 12A–D): triangular; ventral plates broad, distally pointed, length subequal to width; dorsal plate narrow, tongue-shaped; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae oval, separated by width of spermatheca; fertilization ducts yellowish, laterally oriented.

Male: Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Tibet, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♂ (IZCAS-Ar41945), China, Tibet, Nyingchi, Gongbo’gyamda County, Gyara Village, 30.01°N, 93.78°E, ca. 3460 m, 14.VII.2019, X. Zhang, Z. Bai and J. Liu leg. Paratypes: 1♂2♀ (IZCAS-Ar41946-Ar41948), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

The male of Pimoa gyara sp. nov. resembles those of P. nyingchi (see Zhang et al. 2020: 91, fig. 8A–C) and P. reniformis (see Xu and Li 2007: 493, figs 36–41) but can be distinguished from P. nyingchi by the narrow and distally curved cymbial denticulate process (Fig. 54D) (vs. flat distally and wide) and from P. reniformis by the U-shaped pimoid cymbial sclerite (Fig. 54D) (vs. triangular). The female of P. gyara sp. nov. also resembles P. nyingchi (see Zhang et al. 2020: 91, fig. 9A–D) but can be distinguished by the distally blunt dorsal plate (Fig. 14B) (vs. pointed) and by the spermathecae separated by ca. 1/2 width of spermatheca (Fig. 14A) (vs. close to each other).

Male (holotype): Total length 6.25. Carapace 3.81 long, 3.28 wide. Abdomen 2.44 long, 2.28 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.20, ALE 0.21, PME 0.17, PLE 0.18; AME-AME 0.11, AME-ALE 0.14, PME-PME 0.17, PME-PLE 0.21. Leg measurements: I: 25.04 (6.88, 8.22, 7.13, 2.81); II: 21.63 (6.03, 7.16, 6.03, 2.41); III: 15.38 (4.72, 4.91, 4.34, 1.41); IV: 19.62 (5.66, 6.47, 5.65, 1.84). Habitus as in Fig. 14E. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellow transverse chevrons, nearly oval. Legs brownish without annulations. Palp (Figs 13A, B, 54D): patella short, almost as long as tibial length, with one retrolateral macroseta; tibia short, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length, with several macrosetae and a dorsal process; paracymbium short, ca. 1/4 of cymbial length, finger-shaped; pimoid cymbial sclerite U-shaped, ca. 1/2 of cymbial length; cymbial denticulate process short, distally narrow and curved, with more than 20 cuspules; median apophysis slender; conductor distinct; pimoid embolic process distally pointed, length subequal to embolus; embolus beginning at the 3:00 o’clock position; embolic tooth absent.

Figure 13. 

Left palp of Pimoa gyara sp. nov., holotype A prolateral view B retrolateral view. Abbreviations: CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum. Scale bar: equal for A, B.

Figure 14. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa gyara sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E male habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, dorsal view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for F, G.

Female (paratype): Total length 7.40. Carapace 3.44 long, 2.97 wide. Abdomen 3.96 long, 2.59 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.22, ALE 0.23, PME 0.16, PLE 0.22; AME-AME 0.09, AME-ALE 0.16, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.24. Leg measurements: I: 19.60 (5.47, 6.78, 5.13, 2.22); II: 16.89 (4.94, 5.75, 4.39, 1.81); III: 12.04 (3.84, 4.16, 3.01, 1.03); IV: 16.82 (5.09, 5.69, 4.38, 1.66). Habitus as in Fig. 14F, G. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse bands. Legs brownish without annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 14A–D): triangular; ventral plate broad, width subequal to length; dorsal plate tongue-shaped, shorter than ventral plate; copulatory openings indistinct; spermathecae oval, separated by ca. 1/3 width of spermatheca; fertilization ducts yellowish, anteriorly oriented.

Known only from the type locality, Tibet, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♂ (IZCAS-Ar41949), China, Tibet, Shigatse, Gyirong County, Gyirong Town, near Lhanggyi Tso Holy Lake, 28.41°N, 85.40°E, ca. 3909 m, 7.VII.2019, X. Zhang, Z. Bai and J. Liu leg. Paratypes: 1♂2♀ (IZCAS-Ar41950-Ar41952), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

The male of Pimoa gyirong sp. nov. resembles those of P. crispa (see Hormiga 1994a: 63, figs 233–238; Hormiga 1994b: fig. 1A, B) and P. rongxar Zhang & Li, 2020 (see Zhang et al. 2020: 94, fig. 10A–C) but can be distinguished from P. crispa by the distally narrower cymbial denticulate process (Fig. 55A) (vs. wider) and distinguished from P. rongxar by the broad cymbial denticulate process, with many cuspules distally (Figs 15B, 55A) (vs. distally narrow, with few cuspules) and the shorter pimoid cymbial sclerite (Fig. 55A) (vs. large and wide subdistally). The female of P. gyirong sp. nov. resembles those of P. nyingchi (see Zhang et al. 2020: 91, fig. 9A–D) and P. reniformis (see Xu and Li 2007: 493, figs 42–47) but can be distinguished from P. nyingchi by the distally blunt dorsal plate (Fig. 16B) (vs. pointed) and distinguished from P. reniformis by the spermathecae separated by ca. 1/4 the width of a spermatheca (Fig. 16A) (vs. unseparated).

Figure 15. 

Left palp of Pimoa gyirong sp. nov., holotype A prolateral view B retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum. Scale bar: equal for A, B.

Male (holotype): Total length 5.41. Carapace 2.63 long, 2.31 wide. Abdomen 2.78 long, 2.03 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.18, ALE 0.19, PME 0.19, PLE 0.14; AME-AME 0.13, AME-ALE 0.14, PME-PME 0.11, PME-PLE 0.18. Leg measurements: I: 28.22 (7.75, 9.19, 8.34, 2.94); II: 24.19 (6.66, 7.91, 7.03, 2.59); III: 14.61 (4.34, 4.59, 4.34, 1.34); IV: 19.46 (5.59, 6.25, 5.59, 2.03). Habitus as in Fig. 16E. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellow chevrons, nearly oval. Legs brownish with black annulations, especially distinct on legs III and IV. Palp (Figs 15A, B, 55A): patella short, ca. 1/2 of tibial length, with one retrolateral macroseta; tibia long, ca. 1/2 of cymbial length, with several macrosetae and a dorsal process; paracymbium short, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length, hook-shaped; pimoid cymbial sclerite V-shaped, distally pointed, ca. 1/2 of cymbial length; cymbial denticulate process long and distally blunt, with more than 47 cuspules; median apophysis slender; conductor distinct; pimoid embolic process distally pointed, longer than embolus; embolus beginning at the 6:30 o’clock position; embolic tooth absent.

Female (paratype): Total length 6.99. Carapace 3.31 long, 2.48 wide. Abdomen 3.68 long, 2.94 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.19, PME 0.19, PLE 0.18; AME-AME 0.11, AME-ALE 0.14, PME-PME 0.17, PME-PLE 0.21. Leg measurements: I: 18.88 (5.28, 6.35, 5.16, 2.09); II: 14.53 (5.06, 4.44, 3.28, 1.75); III: 13.31 (4.16, 4.18, 3.41, 1.56); IV: 17.08 (5.13, 5.89, 4.25, 1.81). Habitus as in Fig. 16F, G. Carapace yellowish; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellow chevrons. Legs brownish with black annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 16A–D): trapezoidal; ventral plate broad, longer than wide; dorsal plate nearly tongue-shaped; copulatory openings indistinct; spermathecae oval, separated by ca. 1/4 width of spermatheca; fertilization ducts brownish, laterally oriented.

Figure 16. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa gyirong sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E male habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, dorsal view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for F, G.

Known only from the type locality, Tibet, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♂ (IZCAS-Ar41953), China, Sichuan, Heishui County, Deshiwo Village, the cave in the first grade power station, 32.03°N, 102.95°E, ca. 2429 m, 18.XI.2019, Z. Chen leg. Paratypes: 1♂2♀ (IZCAS-Ar41954-Ar41956), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

The male of Pimoa heishui sp. nov. resembles those of P. jinchuan sp. nov. (Figs 19A, B, 55C) and P. yele sp. nov. (Figs 49A, B, 58A) but can be distinguished by the distally broad pimoid embolic process with spines (Fig. 55B) (vs. distally with scales and a short, slender spine subdistally in P. jinchuan sp. nov. and broad, robust, distally bifurcate apex with scales in P. yele sp. nov.) and also from P. jinchuan sp. nov. by the embolus with a short, slender spine proximally (Fig. 55B) (vs. without a spine) and by the short and wide cymbial denticulate process (Fig. 55B) (vs. distally long and narrow). The female of P. heishui sp. nov. resembles those of P. lihengae (see Griswold et al. 1999: 91–97, figs 18–21) and P. wanglangensis (see Yuan et al. 2019: 27, fig. 22G, H) but can be distinguished by the dorsal plate with a distally blunt tip (Fig. 18B) (vs. without a distal tip in P. lihengae and P. wanglangensis) and also distinguished from P. wanglangensis by the unseparated spermathecae (Fig. 18A) (vs. spermathecae with small separation).

Male (holotype): Total length 4.35. Carapace 2.09 long, 1.94 wide. Abdomen 2.26 long, 1.88 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.15, PME 0.09, PLE 0.12; AME-AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.06, PME-PME 0.11, PME-PLE 0.11. Leg measurements: I: 14.45 (4.09, 5.17, 3.47, 1.72); II: 13.09 (3.59, 4.65, 3.38, 1.47); III: 10.03 (3.13, 3.28, 2.56, 1.06); IV: 13.18 (3.91, 4.32, 3.51, 1.44). Habitus as in Fig. 18E. Carapace yellowish; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen brown with yellow transverse chevrons, nearly oval. Legs yellowish without annulations. Palp (Figs 17A, B, 55B): patella short, almost as long as tibial length; tibia short, ca. 1/2 of cymbial length, with several macrosetae and a dorsal process; paracymbium short, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length, finger-shaped; pimoid cymbial sclerite L-shaped, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length; cymbial denticulate process short and broad, with more than 9 cuspules; median apophysis slender; conductor indistinct; pimoid embolic process membranous, distally broad with spines, longer than embolus; embolus beginning at the 8:30 o’clock position, with a short, slender spine proximally; embolic tooth absent.

Figure 17. 

Left palp of Pimoa heishui sp. nov., holotype A prolateral view B retrolateral view. Abbreviations: CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum. Scale bar: equal for A, B.

Figure 18. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa heishui sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E male habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, dorsal view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for F, G.

Female (paratype): Total length 4.91. Carapace 2.19 long, 1.84 wide. Abdomen 2.72 long, 1.78 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.13, PME 0.12, PLE 0.13; AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.11, PME-PME 0.12, PME-PLE 0.12. Leg measurements: I: 13.44 (3.78, 4.75, 3.22, 1.69); II: 12.22 (3.69, 4.25, 2.94, 1.34); III: 9.55 (2.94, 3.14, 2.34, 1.13); IV: 12.08 (3.59, 4.15, 3.03, 1.31). Habitus as in Fig. 18F, G. Carapace yellowish; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen brown with yellow transverse chevrons. Legs yellowish without annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 18A–D): subtriangular; ventral plate broad, width subequal to length; dorsal plate broad, with a distally blunt tip; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae nearly triangular, unseparated; fertilization ducts yellowish, laterally oriented.

Known only from the type locality, Sichuan, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♂ (IZCAS-Ar41957), China, Sichuan, Jinchuan County, the bridge from Xilizhai Village to Xiaojin County, 31.34°N, 102.19°E, ca. 3411 m, 23.XI.2019, Z. Chen leg. Paratypes: 1♂1♀ (IZCAS-Ar41958-Ar41959), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

The male of Pimoa jinchuan sp. nov. resembles those of P. lata (see Zhang and Li 2019: 6, fig. 3A–C), P. trifurcata Xu & Li, 2007 (see Xu and Li 2007: 496, figs 48–54) and P. yele sp. nov. (Figs 49A, B, 58A) but can be distinguished by the pimoid embolic process with scales distally and a spine subdistally (Fig. 55C) (vs. distally with two jagged tips in P. lata, a distally trifurcate apex in P. trifurcata and P. yele sp. nov.) and also from P. lata by the finger-shaped paracymbium (Fig. 55C) (vs. with a blunt tip), from P. trifurcata by the embolus without a spine (Fig. 55C) (vs. with a short, slender spine proximally), and from P. yele sp. nov. by the broad cymbial denticulate process (Fig. 55C) (vs. short and distally narrow) and by the embolus without a spine (Fig. 55C) (vs. with a short, slender spine proximally). The female of P. jinchuan sp. nov. resembles those of P. crispa (see Hormiga 1994a: 63, figs 239–247) and P. yele sp. nov. (Fig. 50A–D) but can be distinguished by the tongue-shaped, distally curved ventral plate (Fig. 20A) (vs. triangular in P. crispa and broad in P. yele sp. nov.) and also distinguished from P. crispa by the unseparated spermathecae (Fig. 20A) (vs. separated by short distance) and from P. yele sp. nov. by the distally pointed dorsal plate (Fig. 20B) (vs. triangular with a distal tip).

Figure 19. 

Left palp of Pimoa jinchuan sp. nov., holotype A prolateral view B retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum. Scale bar: equal for A, B.

Figure 20. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa jinchuan sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E male habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, dorsal view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for F, G.

Male (holotype): Total length 5.69. Carapace 2.91 long, 2.34 wide. Abdomen 2.78 long, 2.16 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.14, ALE 0.17, PME 0.14, PLE 0.16; AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.11, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.17. Leg measurements: I: 31.10 (8.53, 10.21, 9.45, 2.91); II: 26.32 (7.34, 8.33, 8.09, 2.56); III: 15.88 (4.84, 4.90, 4.48, 1.66); IV: 21.35 (6.44, 6.88, 6.06, 1.97). Habitus as in Fig. 20E. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse chevrons, nearly oval. Legs brownish without annulations. Palp (Figs 19A, B, 55C): patella short, ca. 1/2 of tibial length, with one retrolateral macroseta; tibia short, ca. 1/2 of cymbial length, with several macrosetae and a dorsal process; paracymbium short, ca. 1/4 of cymbial length, hook shaped; pimoid cymbial sclerite U-shaped, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length; cymbial denticulate process broad, with more than 6 cuspules; median apophysis slender; conductor distinct; pimoid embolic process broad, robust, with scales distally and a spine subdistally, longer than embolus; embolus beginning at the 6:00 o’clock position; embolic tooth absent.

Female (paratype): Total length 8.76. Carapace 3.88 long, 2.81 wide. Abdomen 4.88 long, 3.76 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.18, PME 0.17, PLE 0.19; AME-AME 0.11, AME-ALE 0.17, PME-PME 0.21, PME-PLE 0.20. Leg measurements: I: 28.81 (8.06, 9.78, 8.19, 2.78); II: 24.27 (7.06, 8.37, 6.75, 2.09); III: 17.69 (5.16, 5.72, 4.97, 1.84); IV: 22.56 (6.78, 7.72, 6.22, 1.84). Habitus as in Fig. 20F, G. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse chevrons. Legs brownish without annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 20A–D): bullet-shaped; ventral plate tongue shaped, distally curved, width ca. 1/2 of length; dorsal plate subtriangular, distally pointed; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae oval, unseparated; fertilization ducts yellowish, laterally oriented.

Known only from the type locality, Sichuan, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♀ (IZCAS-Ar41960), Nepal, Karnali District, Khaptad National Park 29.34°N, 81.05°E, ca. 2284 m, 18.IV.2019, C. Shrestha leg. Paratype: 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar41961), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Pimoa khaptad sp. nov. resembles those of P. rara sp. nov. (Fig. 40A–D) and P. samyai Zhang & Li, 2020 (see Zhang et al. 2020: 97, fig. 13A–D) but can be distinguished by the nearly bean-shaped, unseparated spermathecae (Fig. 21A) (vs. oval, close to each other in P. rara sp. nov. and nearly oval, separated by ca. 1/2 width of a spermatheca in P. samyai) and also distinguished from P. samyai by the pointed dorsal plate (Fig. 21B) (vs. blunt).

Female (holotype): Total length 8.31. Carapace 2.72 long, 2.84 wide. Abdomen 5.59 long, 5.36 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.19, ALE 0.17, PME 0.22, PLE 0.22; AME-AME 0.12, AME-ALE 0.18, PME-PME 0.16, PME-PLE 0.20. Leg measurements: I: 27.96 (7.91, 9.09, 7.90, 3.06); II: – (6.69, –, –, –); III: 15.55 (4.81, 4.88, 4.34, 1.52); IV: – (5.01, 6.75, –, –). Habitus as in Fig. 21E–G. Carapace yellowish; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse bands, nearly oval. Legs brownish with black annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 21A–D): triangular; ventral plate broad, length subequal to width; dorsal plate tongue shaped, distally pointed; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae nearly bean-shaped, unseparated; fertilization ducts yellow, anteriorly oriented.

Figure 21. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa khaptad sp. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view C vulva, dorsal view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E female habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, lateral view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for E–G.

Male: Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Karnali District, Nepal (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♀ (IZCAS-Ar41962), Nepal, Koshi District, Tamaphok, 27.16°N, 87.41°E, ca. 2495 m, 31.III.2019, C. Shrestha leg. Paratype: 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar41963), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Pimoa koshi sp. nov. resembles those of P. nyalam sp. nov. (Fig. 36A–D) and P. nyingchi (see Zhang et al. 2020: 91, fig. 9A–D) but can be distinguished by the spermathecae separated by the width of a spermatheca (Fig. 22A) (vs. separated by ca. 1/3 width of a spermatheca in P. nyalam sp. nov. and unseparated in P. nyingchi) and also distinguished from P. nyingchi by the anteriorly oriented fertilization ducts (Fig. 22B) (vs. laterally oriented) and from P. nyalam sp. nov. by the pointed dorsal plate (Fig. 22B) (vs. blunt).

Figure 22. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa koshi sp. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view C vulva, dorsal view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E female habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, lateral view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for E–G.

Female (holotype): Total length 6.51. Carapace 3.13 long, 2.56 wide. Abdomen 3.38 long, 3.36 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.19, PME 0.18, PLE 0.19; AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.15, PME-PME 0.16, PME-PLE 0.22. Leg measurements: I: 18.88 (5.22, 6.34, 4.94, 2.38); II: 16.22 (4.72, 5.28, 4.22, 2.00); III: 11.29 (3.48, 3.34, 3.13, 1.34); IV: 15.02 (4.70, 4.72, 3.91, 1.69). Habitus as in Fig. 22E–G. Carapace yellowish; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum yellow. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse bands, nearly oval. Legs brownish with distinct black annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 22A–D): triangular; ventral and dorsal plates broad, length subequal to width; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae oval, separated by the width of a spermatheca; fertilization ducts yellow, anteriorly oriented.

Male: Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Koshi District, Nepal (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♀ (IZCAS-Ar41964), China, Tibet, Nyingchi, Nang County, Lhatog Town, Lhatog Lake, 28.75°N, 93.08°E, ca. 4122 m, 5.X.2020, Z. Chen leg. Paratype: 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar41965), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Pimoa lhatog sp. nov. resembles those of P. crispa (see Hormiga 1994a: 63, figs 239–247) and P. mainling (see Zhang et al. 2020: 89, fig. 7A–D) but can be distinguished from P. crispa by the funnel-shaped epigyne (Fig. 23A) (vs. triangular) and from P. mainling by the bean-shaped spermathecae (Fig. 23A) (vs. nearly oval).

Female (holotype): Total length 7.18. Carapace 2.66 long, 2.34 wide. Abdomen 4.52 long, 3.84 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.19, ALE 0.17, PME 0.15, PLE 0.16; AME-AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.13, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.14. Leg measurements: I: 17.56 (4.88, 6.06, 4.41, 2.21); II: 15.01 (4.38, 5.01, 3.78, 1.84); III: 10.79 (3.25, 3.31, 2.84, 1.39); IV: 13.75 (4.19, 4.63, 3.34, 1.59). Habitus as in Fig. 23E–G. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with brownish, transverse chevrons. Legs brownish with black annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 23A–D): funnel-shaped; ventral plate distally narrow, length subequal to width; dorsal plates narrow, width ca. 1/2 length; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae bean-shaped, separated by ca. 1/3 width of a spermatheca; fertilization ducts yellow, laterally oriented.

Figure 23. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa lhatog sp. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view C vulva, dorsal view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E female habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, lateral view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for E–G.

Male: Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Tibet, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♂ (IZCAS-Ar41966), Nepal, Mechi District, Taplejung, Rhododendron, 27.37°N, 87.73°E, ca. 2720 m, 3.IV.2019, C. Shrestha leg. Paratype: 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar41967), same data as holotype; 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar41968), Nepal, Mechi District, Taplejung, 27.35°N, 87.70°E , ca. 2452 m, 2.IV.2019, C. Shrestha leg.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

The male of Pimoa mechi sp. nov. resembles P. yadong Zhang & Li, 2020 (see Zhang et al. 2020: 99, fig. 14A–C) but can be distinguished by the large pimoid cymbial sclerite (Fig. 55D) (vs. smaller) and by the long cymbial denticulate process (Fig. 55D) (vs. short). The female of P. mechi sp. nov. resembles those of P. crispa (see Hormiga 1994a: 63, figs 239–247) and P. samyai (see Zhang et al. 2020: 97, fig. 13A–D) but can be distinguished from P. crispa by the broad dorsal plate (Fig. 25B) (vs. narrow) and from P. samyai by the spermathecae separated by a short distance (Fig. 25A) (vs. separated by ca. 1/2 width of a spermatheca) and also by the distally pointed dorsal plate (Fig. 25B) (vs. blunt).

Figure 24. 

Left palp of Pimoa mechi sp. nov., holotype A prolateral view B retrolateral view. Abbreviations: CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum. Scale bar: equal for A, B.

Figure 25. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa mechi sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E male habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, dorsal view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for F, G.

Male (holotype): Total length 6.31. Carapace 3.03 long, 2.63 wide. Abdomen 3.28 long, 1.97 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.20, PME 0.19, PLE 0.19; AME-AME 0.14, AME-ALE 0.10, PME-PME 0.18, PME-PLE 0.17. Leg measurements: I: 22.70 (5.91, 7.38, 6.53, 2.88); II: 16.25 (5.16, 4.66, 4.34, 2.09); III: 14.75 (4.34, 4.44, 4.28, 1.69); IV: 19.28 (5.69, 6.06, 5.44, 2.09). Habitus as in Fig. 25E. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse chevrons. Legs yellowish with black annulations. Palp (Figs 24A, B, 55D): patella short, ca. 1/2 of tibial length, with one retrolateral macroseta; tibia long, ca. 1.5 times of cymbial length, with several macrosetae and a dorsal process; paracymbium short, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length, hook shaped; pimoid cymbial sclerite large, nearly L-shaped, ca. 1/2 of cymbial length; cymbial denticulate process long and distally pointed, with more than 6 cuspules; median apophysis indistinct; conductor distinct; pimoid embolic process distally blunt, length subequal to embolus; embolus beginning at 5:00 o’clock position; embolic tooth absent.

Female (paratype): Total length 6.38. Carapace 2.66 long, 2.38 wide. Abdomen 3.72 long, 5.91 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.18, ALE 0.19, PME 0.18, PLE 0.16; AME-AME 0.09, AME-ALE 0.10, PME-PME 0.14, PME-PLE 0.14. Leg measurements: I: 19.48 (5.26, 6.09, 5.70, 2.43); II: 15.49 (4.28, 5.13, 4.17, 1.91); III: 10.35 (3.13, 3.06, 2.78, 1.38); IV: 14.28 (4.56, 4.66, 3.53, 1.53). Habitus as in Fig. 25F, G. Carapace yellowish; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse bands, nearly oval. Legs brownish with black annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 25A–D): subtriangular; ventral and dorsal plates broad, length subequal to width; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae oval, separated by short distance; fertilization ducts yellow, laterally oriented.

Known only from the type locality, Mechi District, Nepal (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♂ (IZCAS-Ar41969), Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Swat, Miandam, near river, 35.03°N, 72.57°E, ca. 2242 m, 31.V.2019, A. Ali leg. Paratypes: 1♂2♀ (IZCAS-Ar41970-Ar41972), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

The male of Pimoa miandam sp. nov. resembles those of P. duiba Zhang & Li, 2020 (see Zhang et al. 2020: 84, fig. 3A–C) and P. rongxar (see Zhang et al. 2020: 94, fig. 10A–C) but can be distinguished from P. duiba by the pimoid embolic process with a slender and nearly medial spine (Fig. 56A) (vs. without a spine) and by the embolus beginning at the 8:00 o’clock position (Fig. 56A) (vs. 7:00), and distinguished from P. rongxar by the V-shaped, distally curved pimoid cymbial sclerite, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length (Fig. 56A) (vs. large, long, and subdistally wide pimoid cymbial sclerite). The female of P. miandam sp. nov. also resembles those of P. duiba (see Zhang et al. 2020: 84, fig. 4A–D) and P. rongxar (see Zhang et al. 2020: 94, fig. 11A–D) but can be distinguished from P. duiba by the unseparated spermathecae (Fig. 27A) (vs. a short distance between the spermathecae) and from P. rongxar by the tongue shaped ventral plate (Fig. 27A) (vs. triangular).

Figure 26. 

Left palp of Pimoa miandam sp. nov., holotype A prolateral view B retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum. Scale bar: equal for A, B.

Male (holotype): Total length 8.24. Carapace 4.41 long, 3.25 wide. Abdomen 3.83 long, 2.69 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.21, PME 0.20, PLE 0.19; AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.17, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.24. Leg measurements: I: 47.14 (12.69, 15.38, 15.13, 3.94); II: 37.78 (11.53, 11.31, 11.50, 3.44); III: 31.98 (9.55, 10.09, 10.03, 2.31); IV: – (11.63, 12.38, 11.13, –). Habitus as in Fig. 27E. Carapace yellowish, with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellow transverse bands, nearly oval. Legs brownish without annulations. Palp (Figs 26A, B, 56A): patella short, ca. 1/2 of tibial length; tibia long, ca. 1/2 of cymbial length; paracymbium short, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length, hook shaped; pimoid cymbial sclerite V-shaped, distally curved, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length; cymbial denticulate process short and distally blunt, with more than 9 cuspules; median apophysis slender; conductor distinct; pimoid embolic process distally pointed, longer than embolus, with a short slender, nearly medial spine; embolus beginning at the 8:00 o’clock position, with a short, slender spine proximally; embolic tooth absent.

Figure 27. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa miandam sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E male habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, dorsal view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for F, G.

Female (paratype): Total length 11.59. Carapace 4.81 long, 3.78 wide. Abdomen 6.78 long, 6.07 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.15, ALE 0.18, PME 0.16, PLE 0.18; AME-AME 0.13, AME-ALE 0.17, PME-PME 0.16, PME-PLE 0.29. Leg measurements: I: 42.97 (11.81, 14.09, 12.94, 4.13); II: 38.20 (10.63, 12.54, 11.44, 3.59); III: 28.51 (8.63, 9.19, 8.44, 2.25); IV: 34.12 (10.68, 11.19, 9.81, 2.44). Habitus as in Fig. 27F, G. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse bands. Legs brownish without annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 27A–D): tongue-shaped; ventral and dorsal plate broad, longer than wide; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae nearly round, unseparated; fertilization ducts yellowish, laterally oriented.

Known only from the type locality, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♂ (IZCAS-Ar41973), China, Sichuan, Li County, Miero Town, Siboguo Village, 31.67°N, 102.72°E, ca. 3029 m, 21.XI.2019, Z. Chen leg. Paratypes: 1♂2♀ (IZCAS-Ar41974-Ar41976), China, Sichuan, Gakog County, Sajinse Town, on the way from Mt. Zhegu to Shuama Crossing, 31.93°N, 102.65°E, ca. 3458 m, 20.XI.2019, Z. Chen leg.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

The male of Pimoa miero sp. nov. resembles those of P. jinchuan sp. nov. (Figs 19A, B, 55C), P. trifurcata (see Xu and Li 2007: 496, figs 48–54), and P. yele sp. nov. (Figs 49A, B, 58A) but can be distinguished by the short and broad cymbial denticulate process (Fig. 56B) (vs. narrow and longer in P. jinchuan sp. nov. and P. trifurcata and distally pointed in P. yele sp. nov.), and it can also be distinguished from P. jinchuan sp. nov. by a slender spine proximally on the embolus (Fig. 56B) (vs. without a spine), from P. trifurcata by the distally bifurcate apex of the pimoid embolic process (Fig. 56B) (vs. trifurcate apex), and from P. yele sp. nov. by the embolus beginning at the 5:00 o’clock position (Fig. 56B) (vs. 7:00). The female of P. miero sp. nov. can be distinguished from other congeners except for P. danba sp. nov. (Fig. 7A–D) by the length of dorsal plate significantly longer than width (Fig. 29A, B) (vs. length subequal to width), and from P. danba sp. nov. by the posterior part of epigyne with two tips (Fig. 29A) (vs. without tip).

Figure 28. 

Left palp of Pimoa miero sp. nov., holotype A prolateral view B retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum. Scale bar: equal for A, B.

Figure 29. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa miero sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C male habitus, dorsal view D female habitus, dorsal view E female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for D, E.

Male (holotype): Total length 5.25. Carapace 2.47 long, 2.27 wide. Abdomen 2.78 long, 2.44 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.14, PME 0.13, PLE 0.15; AME-AME 0.11, AME-ALE 0.13, PME-PME 0.12, PME-PLE 0.16. Leg measurements: I: 28.27 (7.76, 9.57, 8.56, 2.38); II: 22.67 (6.26, 7.84, 6.44, 2.13); III: 15.06 (4.52, 4.76, 4.31, 1.47); IV: 19.01 (5.88, 6.12, 5.38, 1.63). Habitus as in Fig. 29C. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen grayish with yellow transverse chevrons, nearly oval. Legs brownish without annulations. Palp (Figs 28A, B, 56B): patella short, ca. 1/2 tibial length, with one retrolateral macroseta; tibia short, ca. 1/2 of cymbial length, with several macrosetae and a dorsal process; paracymbium short, ca. 1/4 of cymbial length, finger-shaped; pimoid cymbial sclerite V-shaped, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length; cymbial denticulate process short and broad, with more than 10 cuspules; median apophysis slender; conductor distinct; pimoid embolic process broad, robust, with distally bifurcate apex with scales, longer than embolus; embolus beginning at 5:00 o’clock position, with a short, slender spine proximally; embolic tooth absent.

Female (paratype): Total length 6.10. Carapace 2.47 long, 2.13 wide. Abdomen 3.63 long, 2.78 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.17, PME 0.13, PLE 0.16; AME-AME 0.09, AME-ALE 0.11, PME-PME 0.14, PME-PLE 0.15. Leg measurements: I: 16.18 (4.53, 5.68, 4.28, 1.69); II: 14.11 (3.88, 4.79, 3.78, 1.66); III: 10.90 (3.28, 3.50, 2.84, 1.28); IV: 13.97 (4.19, 4.72, 3.59, 1.47). Habitus as in Fig. 29D, E. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse bands. Legs brownish without annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 29A, B): rocket-shaped; ventral and dorsal plate narrow, width ca. 1/3 of length; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae oval, unseparated; fertilization ducts yellowish, laterally oriented.

Known only from the type locality, Sichuan, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♀ (IZCAS-Ar41977), Nepal, Baghmati District, Mude, Rhododendron, along the way F032, 27.69°N, 85.94°E, ca. 2653 m, 23.III.2019, C. Shrestha leg. Paratype: 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar41978), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Pimoa mude sp. nov. resembles those of P. daman sp. nov. (Fig. 6A–D) and P. zhigangi sp. nov. (Fig. 53A–D) but can be distinguished from the nearly oval spermathecae separated by a short distance (Fig. 30A) (vs. triangular, unseparated in P. daman sp. nov. and nearly round, separated by ca. 1/2 width of a spermatheca in P. zhigangi sp. nov.) and also distinguished from P. daman sp. nov. by the narrow ventral plate (Fig. 30A) (vs. wider), from P. zhigangi sp. nov. by the distally narrow ventral plate (Fig. 30A) (vs. broad), and by the distally blunt dorsal plate (Fig. 30B) (vs. pointed).

Figure 30. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa mude sp. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view C vulva, dorsal view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E female habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, lateral view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for E–G.

Female (holotype): Total length 6.25. Carapace 3.06 long, 2.66 wide. Abdomen 3.19 long, 2.63 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.18, ALE 0.21, PME 0.17, PLE 0.22; AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.15, PME-PME 0.17, PME-PLE 0.22. Leg measurements: I: 22.18 (6.31, 7.28, 6.00, 2.59); II: 18.63 (5.38, 6.25, 4.97, 2.03); III: 13.75 (4.37, 4.13, 3.69, 1.56); IV: 17.70 (5.39, 5.84, 4.69, 1.78). Habitus as in Fig. 30E–G. Carapace yellow with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse chevrons. Legs brownish with black annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 30A–D): tongue-shaped; ventral plate broad, distally narrow, width ca. 1/2 of length; dorsal plates narrow, with a tip distally, width ca. 1/2 of length; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae nearly oval, separated by short distance; fertilization ducts yellow, medially oriented.

Male: Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Baghmati District, Nepal (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♂ (IZCAS-Ar41979), China, Sichuan, Muli County, Chutouwan Village, 28.02°N, 101.30°E, ca. 3674 m, 11.IX.2020, Z. Chen leg. Paratypes: 1♂2♀ (IZCAS-Ar41980-Ar41982), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

The male of Pimoa muli sp. nov. resembles those of P. clavata Xu & Li, 2007 (see Xu and Li 2007: 487, figs 21–29) and P. sinuosa Hormiga, 1994 (see Hormiga 1994a: 67, figs 256–265) but can be distinguished from P. clavata by the embolus subequal to the pimoid embolic process, beginning at the 8:00 o’clock position (Fig. 56C) (vs. longer than pimoid embolic process, the posterior part of embolus beginning at the 4:30 o’clock position), and from P. sinuosa by the narrow pimoid cymbial sclerite, the short cymbial denticulate process (Fig. 56C) (vs. large and wide pimoid cymbial sclerite, distally narrow and curved cymbial denticulate process). The female of P. muli sp. nov. resembles those of P. clavata (see Xu and Li 2007: 487, figs 30–34) and P. gandhii Hormiga, 1994 (see Hormiga 1994a: 60, figs 224–231) but can be distinguished from P. clavata by the subtriangular epigynum (Fig. 32A) (vs. trapezoidal) and from P. gandhii by the dorsal plate shorter than the ventral plate (Fig. 32B) (vs. dorsal plate extending beyond the ventral plate).

Male (holotype): Total length 5.58. Carapace 2.49 long, 2.22 wide. Abdomen 3.09 long, 2.81 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.17, PME 0.15, PLE 0.16; AME-AME 0.14, AME-ALE 0.11, PME-PME 0.12, PME-PLE 0.14. Leg measurements: I: 18.22 (5.53, 5.87, 4.88, 1.94); II: 18.84 (5.34, 6.31, 5.47, 1.72); III: 11.29 (3.44, 3.57, 3.09, 1.19); IV: 13.09 (3.94, 4.29, 3.66, 1.20). Habitus as in Fig. 32E. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellow transverse chevrons and cross band extending to the medial part, nearly oval. Legs yellowish with black annulations, especially distinct on legs III and IV. Palp (Figs 31A, B, 56C): short, ca. 1/2 of cymbial length, with several macrosetae and a dorsal process; paracymbium short, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length, hook-shaped; pimoid cymbial sclerite U-shaped, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length; cymbial denticulate process short, with more than 13 cuspules; median apophysis slender; conductor distinct, membranous with scales; pimoid embolic process broad, distally pointed, almost as long as embolus; embolus beginning at the 8:00 o’clock position; embolic tooth absent.

Figure 31. 

Left palp of Pimoa muli sp. nov., holotype A prolateral view B retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum. Scale bar: equal for A, B.

Figure 32. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa muli sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E male habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, dorsal view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for F, G.

Female (paratype): Total length 8.77. Carapace 3.06 long, 2.47 wide. Abdomen 5.71 long, 3.78 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.16, PME 0.15, PLE 0.17; AME-AME 0.09, AME-ALE 0.10, PME-PME 0.13, PME-PLE 0.17. Leg measurements: I: 15.53 (4.56, 5.44, 3.69, 1.84); II: 13.40 (4.06, 4.47, 3.34, 1.53); III: 9.73 (2.94, 3.16, 2.47, 1.16); IV: 12.22 (3.56, 4.16, 3.19, 1.31). Habitus as in Fig. 32F, G. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse bands. Legs yellowish with black annulations, especially distinct on legs III and IV. Epigyne (Fig. 32A–D): subtriangular; ventral plate broad, width subequal to length; dorsal plate narrow, shorter than ventral plate; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae round, close to each other; fertilization ducts yellowish, anteriorly oriented.

Known only from the type locality, Sichuan, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♀ (IZCAS-Ar41983), Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Naran, along Saiful Muluk Road, 34.91°N, 73.66°E, ca. 2553 m, 10.VI.2019, A. Ali leg. Paratype: 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar41984), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Pimoa naran sp. nov. resembles those of P. lata (see Xu and Li 2009: 57, figs 1–8; Zhang and Li 2019: 6, fig. 4A, B) and P. samyai (see Zhang et al. 2020: 97, fig. 13A–D) but can be distinguished by the distally narrow ventral plate (Fig. 33A) (vs. broad) and by the round, unseparated spermatheca (Fig. 33A) (vs. pear-shaped spermatheca separated by a short distance in P. lata, and the spermathecae are nearly oval, separated by ca. 1/2 width of a spermatheca in P. samyai).

Figure 33. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa naran sp. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view C vulva, dorsal view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E female habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, lateral view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for E–G.

Female (holotype): Total length 9.16. Carapace 4.36 long, 3.56 wide. Abdomen 4.80 long, 2.76 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.15, PME 0.13, PLE 0.19; AME-AME 0.16, AME-ALE 0.28, PME-PME 0.23, PME-PLE 0.37. Leg measurements: I: 40.75 (11.16, 13.60, 12.36, 3.63); II: 36.44 (10.16, 12.12, 10.92, 3.24); III: 25.74 (7.77, 8.25, 7.56, 2.16); IV: 29.88 (8.63, 10.81, 7.88, 2.56). Habitus as in Fig. 33E–G. Carapace yellowish; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse bands and vertical bands fused. Legs yellowish without annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 33A–D): subtriangular; ventral plates broad, distally narrow with a tip, length subequal to width; dorsal plate longer than wide, nearly tongue-shaped; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae round, unseparated; fertilization ducts yellowish, medially oriented.

Male: Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♀ (IZCAS-Ar41985), China, Yunnan, Lijiang, Ninglang Yi Autonomous County, Lugu Lake, Nvshen Cave, 27.62°N, 100.81°E, ca. 3540 m, 5.VII.2010, Q. Zhao leg.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Pimoa ninglang sp. nov. resembles those of P. clavata (see Xu and Li 2007: 487, figs 30–34) and P. gandhii (see Hormiga 1994a: 60, figs 224–231) but can be distinguished from P. clavata by the narrow dorsal plate (Fig. 34B) (vs. wider) and from P. gandhii by the trapezoidal ventral plate (Fig. 34A) (vs. triangular) and the fusiform dorsal plate (Fig. 34B) (vs. tongue-shaped).

Figure 34. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa ninglang sp. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view C vulva, dorsal view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E female habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, lateral view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for E–G.

Female (holotype): Total length 5.31. Carapace 2.43 long, 2.28 wide. Abdomen 2.88 long, 3.03 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.14, ALE 0.13, PME 0.17, PLE 0.15; AME-AME 0.09, AME-ALE 0.07, PME-PME 0.10, PME-PLE 0.15. Leg measurements: I: – (5.06, –, –, –); II: 14.47 (4.31, 4.91, 3.53, 1.72); III: 10.71 (3.31, 3.40, 2.66, 1.34); IV: 14.25 (4.34, 4.78, 3.66, 1.47). Habitus as in Fig. 34E–G. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen grayish with yellowish transverse chevrons. Legs brownish with black annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 34A–D): trapezoidal; ventral plate broad, length subequal to width; dorsal plates narrow; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae round, separated by ca. 1/3 width of spermatheca; fertilization ducts yellow, laterally oriented.

Male: Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Yunnan, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♂ (IZCAS-Ar41986), China, Tibet, Shigatse, Nyalam County, Zham Town, near the dam, 28.09°N, 86.00°E, ca. 3326 m, 9.VII.2019, X. Zhang, Z. Bai and J. Liu leg. Paratypes: 1♂2♀ (IZCAS-Ar41987-Ar41989), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

The male of Pimoa nyalam sp. nov. resembles those of P. crispa (see Hormiga 1994a: 63, figs 233–238; Hormiga 1994b: fig. 1A, B) and P. gyirong sp. nov. (see Figs 15A, B, 55A) but can be distinguished by the short and distally narrowed cymbial denticulate process (Fig. 56D) (vs. large and laterally broad in P. crispa and wide in P. gyirong sp. nov.) and also from P. gyirong sp. nov. by the longer palpal tibia (Fig. 56D) (vs. shorter) and the smaller pimoid cymbial sclerite (Fig. 56D) (vs. large). The female of P. nyalam sp. nov. also resembles those of P. crispa (see Hormiga 1994a: 63, figs 239–247) and P. samyai (see Zhang et al. 2020: 97, fig. 13A–D) but can be distinguished from P. crispa by the distally blunt dorsal plate (Fig. 36B) (vs. distally narrow, with a tip) and from P. samyai by the trapezoidal dorsal plate (Fig. 36A) (vs. tongue shaped).

Figure 35. 

Left palp of Pimoa nyalam sp. nov., holotype A prolateral view B retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum. Scale bar: equal for A, B.

Figure 36. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa nyalam sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E male habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, dorsal view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for F, G.

Male (holotype): Total length 6.53. Carapace 3.28 long, 2.92 wide. Abdomen 3.25 long, 2.19 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.11, PME 0.10, PLE 0.09; AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.17, PME-PME 0.16, PME-PLE 0.22. Leg measurements: I: 39.79 (10.66, 12.28, 12.67, 4.18); II: 34.58 (9.51, 10.68, 10.84, 3.55); III: 22.94 (6.59, 7.13, 7.16, 2.06); IV: 28.70 (7.97, 9.13, 8.88, 2.72). Habitus as in Fig. 36E. Carapace yellowish, with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen grayish with yellow transverse chevrons, nearly oval. Legs brownish without annulations. Palp (Figs 35A, B, 56D): patella short, ca. 1/2 of tibial length, with one retrolateral macroseta; tibia long, almost as long as cymbial length, with several macrosetae and a dorsal process; paracymbium short, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length, finger-shaped; pimoid cymbial sclerite V-shaped, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length; cymbial denticulate process short and distally narrow, with more than 7 cuspules; median apophysis curved; conductor indistinct; pimoid embolic process distally pointed, longer than embolus; embolus beginning at the 7:00 o’clock position; embolic tooth absent.

Female (paratype): Total length 8.20. Carapace 3.92 long, 3.38 wide. Abdomen 4.28 long, 2.36 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.19, ALE 0.23, PME 0.18, PLE 0.19; AME-AME 0.13, AME-ALE 0.26, PME-PME 0.22, PME-PLE 0.29. Leg measurements: I: 32.30 (8.75, 10.91, 9.23, 3.41); II: 29.18 (8.34, 9.60, 8.27, 2.97); III: 20.85 (6.56, 6.53, 5.77, 1.99); IV: 25.77 (7.09, 9.02, 7.38, 2.28). Habitus as in Fig. 36F, G. Carapace yellowish; sternum brownish. Abdomen grayish with yellowish transverse chevrons. Legs brownish with black annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 36A–D): trapezoidal; ventral plate broad, length subequal to width; dorsal plate broad, distally blunt; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae oval, separated by ca. 1/3 width of a spermatheca; fertilization ducts yellowish, laterally oriented.

Known only from the type locality, Tibet, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♂ (IZCAS-Ar41990), Nepal, Sagarmatha District, Phaplu Airport, 27.53°N, 86.60°E, ca. 2530 m, 26.III.2019, C. Shrestha leg. Paratypes: 2♀ (IZCAS-Ar41991-Ar41992), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

The male of Pimoa phaplu sp. nov. resembles those of P. nematoides Hormiga, 1994 (see Hormiga 1994a: 71, figs 285–289) and P. yadong (see Zhang et al. 2020: 99, fig. 14A–C) but can be distinguished from P. nematoides by the longer palpal patella and tibia (Figs 37A, B, 57A) (vs. short) and from P. yadong by the unsclerotized median apophysis (Fig. 57A) (vs. sclerotized) and also by the membranous, distinct conductor (Fig. 57A) (vs. indistinct). The female of P. phaplu sp. nov. resembles those of P. sinuosa (see Hormiga 1994a: 67, figs 266–274) and P. yadong (see Zhang et al. 2020: 99, fig. 15A–D) but can be distinguished by the bean-shaped spermathecae, separated by a short distance (Fig. 38A) (vs. unseparated in P. sinuosa and round in P. yadong) and also from P. yadong by the distally narrow dorsal plate (Fig. 38B) (vs. distally blunt).

Figure 37. 

Left palp of Pimoa phaplu sp. nov., holotype A prolateral view B retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum. Scale bar: equal for A, B.

Figure 38. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa phaplu sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E male habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, dorsal view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for F, G.

Male (holotype): Total length 7.05. Carapace 3.53 long, 3.09 wide. Abdomen 3.52 long, 2.47 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.21, ALE 0.20, PME 0.21, PLE 0.21; AME-AME 0.15, AME-ALE 0.14, PME-PME 0.17, PME-PLE 0.19. Leg measurements: I: 25.35 (7.63, 7.96, 6.92, 2.84); II: 20.32 (6.16, 6.24, 5.52, 2.40); III: 14.64 (4.60, 4.56, 3.96, 1.52); IV: 20.68 (6.06, 6.81, 5.78, 2.03). Habitus as in Fig. 38E. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with slightly yellowish transverse bands. Legs brownish with black annulations. Palp (Figs 37A, B, 57A): patella long, ca. 1/2 of tibial length; tibia long, subequal to cymbial length, with a dorsal process; paracymbium large, ca. 1/2 of cymbial length; pimoid cymbial sclerite L-shaped, ca. 1/2 of cymbial length; cymbial denticulate process short and distally pointed, with more than 8 cuspules; median apophysis slender; conductor membranous and distinct; pimoid embolic process almost as long as embolus; embolus beginning at the 3:00 o’clock position; embolic tooth absent.

Female (paratype): Total length 9.40. Carapace 3.64 long, 3.24 wide. Abdomen 5.76 long, 4.60 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.24, ALE 0.26, PME 0.22, PLE 0.25; AME-AME 0.13, AME-ALE 0.18, PME-PME 0.23, PME-PLE 0.26. Leg measurements: I: 23.00 (6.68, 7.68, 6.04, 2.60); II: 21.20 (6.28, 6.96, 5.60, 2.36); III: 14.16 (4.32, 4.40, 3.76, 1.68); IV: 20.13 (5.96, 6.44, 5.92, 1.81). Habitus as in Fig. 38F, G. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse chevrons and vertical band extending to the medial part. Legs brownish with black annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 38A–D): subtriangular; ventral plate broad, length subequal to width; dorsal plate tongue shaped, distally extending beyond the ventral plate; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae bean shaped, separated by short distance; fertilization ducts hyaline, medially oriented.

Known only from the type locality, Sagarmatha District, Nepal (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♀ (IZCAS-Ar41993), China, Sichuan, Li County, Putou Village, Bipeng Valley to Macao Valley, 31.36°N, 102.85°E, ca. 2805 m, 21.XI.2019, Z. Chen leg. Paratype: 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar41994), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Pimoa putou sp. nov. resembles those of P. jinchuan sp. nov. (Fig. 20A–D) and P. yele sp. nov. (Fig. 50A–D) but can be distinguished by the tongue-shaped ventral plate with two processes proximally (Fig. 39A) (vs. distally curved in P. jinchuan sp. nov. and broad in P. yele sp. nov.) and also distinguished from P. yele sp. nov. by the ventral plate slightly longer than the dorsal plate (Fig. 39B) (vs. shorter).

Figure 39. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa putou sp. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view C vulva, dorsal view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E female habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, lateral view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for E–G.

Female (holotype): Total length 7.26. Carapace 2.63 long, 2.60 wide. Abdomen 4.63 long, 2.56 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.18, PME 0.17, PLE 0.18; AME-AME 0.13, AME-ALE 0.16, PME-PME 0.07, PME-PLE 0.22. Leg measurements: I: 28.10 (7.96, 9.50, 8.28, 2.36); II: 23.74 (6.53, 7.77, 7.16, 2.28); III: 17.06 (5.22, 5.47, 4.59, 1.78); IV: 22.13 (6.63, 7.22, 6.31, 1.97). Habitus as in Fig. 39E–G. Carapace yellow with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen grayish with yellowish transverse chevrons. Legs brownish without annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 39A–D): bullet-shaped; ventral plate broad, with two processes proximally, length subequal to width; dorsal plate tongue-shaped, with a tip distally, width ca. 1/2 length; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae round, unseparated; fertilization ducts yellow, laterally oriented.

Male: Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Sichuan, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♀ (IZCAS-Ar41995), Nepal, Karnali District, Rara National Park, 29.52°N, 82.08°E, ca. 2974 m, 13.IV.2019, C. Shrestha leg. Paratype: 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar41996), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Pimoa rara sp. nov. resembles those of P. crispa (see Hormiga 1994a: 63, figs 239–247) and P. samyai (see Zhang et al. 2020: 97, fig. 13A–D) but can be distinguished from P. crispa by the ventral plate width ca. 1/2 length (Fig. 40A) (vs. width subequal to length), from P. samyai by the bean-shaped spermathecae separated by a short distance (Fig. 40A) (vs. nearly oval, separated by ca. 1/2 width of a spermatheca), and by the distally pointed dorsal plate (Fig. 40B) (vs. distally blunt).

Figure 40. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa rara sp. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view C vulva, dorsal view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E female habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, lateral view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for E–G.

Female (holotype): Total length 9.74. Carapace 4.90 long, 3.78 wide. Abdomen 4.84 long, 4.38 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.15, PME 0.17, PLE 0.16; AME-AME 0.14, AME-ALE 0.15, PME-PME 0.13, PME-PLE 0.18. Leg measurements: I: 16.96 (4.66, 6.08, 4.22, 2.00); II: 14.46 (4.24, 4.78, 3.63, 1.81); III: – (3.94, –, –, –); IV: – (–, –, –, –). Habitus as in Fig. 40E–G. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse bands. Legs brownish with black annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 40A–D): triangular; ventral plate broad, length subequal to width; dorsal plate narrow, width ca. 1/2 length; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae oval, close together; fertilization ducts hyaline, laterally oriented.

Male: Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Karnali District, Nepal (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♂ (IZCAS-Ar41997), China, Tibet, Lhoka, along provincial highway 306 from Gyaca County to Sangri County, 29.05°N, 92.39°E, ca. 4329 m, 27.VIII.2018, X. Zhang, Z. Bai and J. Liu leg. Paratypes: 1♂2♀ (IZCAS-Ar41998-Ar42000), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

The male of Pimoa sangri sp. nov. resembles those of P. gandhii (see Hormiga 1994a: 60, figs 218–223) and P. nyingchi (see Zhang et al. 2020: 91, fig. 8A–C) but can be distinguished from P. gandhii by the V-shaped pimoid cymbial sclerite (Fig. 57B) (vs. L-shaped), by having the pimoid embolic process shorter than the embolus (Figs 41A, 57B) (vs. longer), and distinguished from P. nyingchi by the embolus beginning at the 4:30 o’clock position (Fig. 57B) (vs. 3:00), and the narrow cymbial denticulate process (Fig. 57B) (vs. broad). The female of P. sangri sp. nov. also resembles P. gandhii (see Hormiga 1994a: 60, figs 224–231) but can be distinguished by the wide proximal fertilization ducts (Fig. 42A) (vs. narrow) and by the rectangular spermathecae, divided into two parts (Fig. 42A) (vs. oval).

Figure 41. 

Left palp of Pimoa sangri sp. nov., holotype A prolateral view B retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum. Scale bar: equal for A, B.

Figure 42. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa sangri sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E male habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, dorsal view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for F, G.

Male (holotype): Total length 8.52. Carapace 4.04 long, 3.28 wide. Abdomen 4.48 long, 2.28 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.20, ALE 0.16, PME 0.17, PLE 0.16; AME-AME 0.13, AME-ALE 0.17, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.25. Leg measurements: I: 28.94 (8.28, 9.41, 8.22, 3.03); II: 28.36 (7.88, 9.07, 8.75, 2.66); III: 18.87 (5.63, 5.66, 5.74, 1.84); IV: 24.38 (6.97, 7.97, 7.38, 2.06). Habitus as in Fig. 42E. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse chevrons, nearly oval. Legs brownish with black annulations. Palp (Figs 41A, B, 57B): patella short, almost as long as tibial length, with one retrolateral macroseta; tibia short, ca. 1/2 of cymbial length, with several macrosetae and a dorsal process; paracymbium short, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length, hook shaped; pimoid cymbial sclerite V-shaped, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length; cymbial denticulate process short and distally curved, with more than 15 cuspules; median apophysis slender; conductor indistinct; pimoid embolic process distally pointed, shorter than embolus; embolus beginning at the 4:30 o’clock position; embolic tooth absent.

Female (paratype): Total length 8.80. Carapace 3.44 long, 3.22 wide. Abdomen 5.36 long, 3.36 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.19, ALE 0.19, PME 0.20, PLE 0.18; AME-AME 0.14, AME-ALE 0.18, PME-PME 0.17, PME-PLE 0.25. Leg measurements: I: 26.73 (7.25, 9.15, 7.55, 2.78); II: 23.40 (6.49, 7.72, 6.78, 2.41); III: 17.01 (5.19, 5.44, 4.72, 1.66); IV: 21.14 (6.16, 7.07, 5.88, 2.03). Habitus as in Fig. 42F, G. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen dark brown with yellowish transverse chevrons. Legs brownish with black annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 42A–D): triangular; ventral plate broad, length subequal to width; dorsal plate triangular; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae nearly rectangular, divided into two parts, separated by ca. 1/2 width of spermatheca; fertilization ducts yellowish, laterally oriented.

Known only from the type locality, Tibet, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♀ (IZCAS-Ar42001), China, Tibet, Shigatse, the 1220 km marker on the way of Yadong County to Kambu Township, 27.59°N, 88.91°E, ca. 3401 m, 11.X.2020, Z. Chen leg. Paratype: 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar42002), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Pimoa shigatse sp. nov. resembles those of P. nyingchi (see Zhang et al. 2020: 91, fig. 9A–D) and P. reniformis (see Xu and Li 2007: 493, figs 42–47) but can be distinguished by the distally blunt dorsal plate (Fig. 43B) (vs. distally pointed in P. nyingchi and distally narrow in P. reniformis) and also from P. reniformis by the small separation of the spermathecae (Fig. 43A) (vs. unseparated).

Figure 43. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa shigatse sp. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view C vulva, dorsal view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E female habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, lateral view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for E–G.

Female (holotype): Total length 9.52. Carapace 3.08 long, 3.36 wide. Abdomen 6.44 long, 5.52 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.20, ALE 0.18, PME 0.16, PLE 0.18; AME-AME 0.09, AME-ALE 0.33, PME-PME 0.19, PME-PLE 0.32. Leg measurements: I: 37.06 (10.28, 12.34, 10.56, 3.88); II: 34.65 (9.64, 11.24, 10.36, 3.41); III: 23.91 (7.24, 6.59, 7.80, 2.28); IV: 32.07 (9.02, 10.56, 9.81, 2.68). Habitus as in Fig. 43E–G. Carapace yellowish with brown lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen gray with brownish transverse bands and a yellowish vertical band not extending to distal part. Legs brownish without annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 43A–D): subtriangular; ventral plate broad, length subequal to width; dorsal plates tongue shaped, distally blunt, width ca. 1/2 to length; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae bean-shaped, touching each other; fertilization ducts yellow, laterally oriented.

Male: Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Tibet, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♂ (IZCAS-Ar42003), China, Yunnan, Tengchong, Xincheng District, Luoshui Cave, 25.34°N, 98.54°E, ca. 1937 m, 15.VII.2016, Y. Li leg. Paratypes: 2♀ (IZCAS-Ar42004-Ar42005), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

The male of Pimoa tengchong sp. nov. resembles those of P. binchuanensis (see Zhang and Li 2019: 3, fig. 1A–C) and P. duiba (see Zhang et al. 2020: 84, fig. 3A–C) but can be distinguished from P. binchuanensis by the short, broad cymbial denticulate process (Fig. 57C) (vs. broad and long) and by the distally pointed pimoid embolic process (Fig. 57C) (vs. tip with fine granulations) and distinguished from P. duiba by the embolus without a spine (Fig. 57C) (vs. with a short, slender spine proximally) and by the distally curved pimoid cymbial sclerite (Fig. 57C) (vs. nearly V-shaped). The female of P. tengchong sp. nov. resembles P. duiba (see Zhang et al. 2020: 84, fig. 4A–D) but can be distinguished by the triangular dorsal plate (Fig. 45B) (vs. tongue-shaped) and by the medially located fertilization ducts separated by ca. 1/2 width of the dorsal plate (Fig. 45B) (vs. smaller separation).

Figure 44. 

Left palp of Pimoa tengchong sp. nov., holotype A prolateral view B retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum. Scale bar: equal for A, B.

Figure 45. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa tengchong sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E male habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, dorsal view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for E, G.

Male (holotype): Total length –. Carapace missing. Abdomen 2.31 long, 1.22 wide. Abdomen black with yellow transverse chevrons, nearly oval. Legs missing. Palp (Figs 44A, B, 57C): patella short, ca. 1/2 of tibial length; tibia short, ca. 1/2 of cymbial length, with several macrosetae and a dorsal process; paracymbium short, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length, hook shaped; pimoid cymbial sclerite L-shaped, distally curved, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length; cymbial denticulate process short and broad, with more than 11 cuspules; median apophysis slender; conductor distinct; pimoid embolic process distally pointed, longer than embolus; embolus beginning at the 7:30 o’clock position, suddenly narrowing distally; embolic tooth absent.

Female (paratype): Total length 4.91. Carapace 2.28 long, 1.80 wide. Abdomen 2.63 long, 2.66 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.14, ALE 0.18, PME 0.16, PLE 0.15; AME-AME 0.11, AME-ALE 0.07, PME-PME 0.11, PME-PLE 0.12. Leg measurements: I: 11.62 (3.28, 4.31, 2.97, 1.06); II: 9.92 (2.97, 3.44, 2.56, 0.95); III: 7.05 (2.15, 2.24, 1.72, 0.94); IV: 9.68 (2.81, 3.23, 2.44, 1.20). Habitus as in Fig. 45E–G. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse bands. Legs yellowish with black annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 45A–D): triangular; ventral plate broad, width subequal to length; dorsal plate triangular, with a tip distally; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae oval, with small separation; fertilization ducts membranous, laterally oriented.

Known only from the type locality, Yunnan, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♂ (IZCAS-Ar42006), China, Gansu, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Xiahe County, Damai Township, Xiongmao Valley, 35.16°N, 102.67°E, ca. 3046 m, 10.VII.2020, Y. Lin and Z. Wang leg. Paratypes: 1♂2♀ (IZCAS-Ar42007-Ar42009), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

The male of Pimoa xiahe sp. nov. resembles those of P. samyai (see Zhang et al. 2020: 97, fig. 12) and P. crispa (see Hormiga 1994a: 63, figs 233–238; Hormiga 1994b: fig. 1A, B) but can be distinguished by the short cymbial denticulate process with few cuspules (Figs 46B, 57D) (vs. large, with many cuspules) and a proximal apophysis of the pimoid embolic process (Fig. 57D) (vs. without apophysis). The female of P. xiahe sp. nov. also resembles those of P. crispa (see Hormiga 1994a: 63, figs 239–247) and P. samyai (see Zhang et al. 2020: 97, fig. 13A–D) but can be distinguished by the medially wide dorsal plate (Fig. 47B) (vs. medially narrow).

Male (holotype): Total length 6.84. Carapace 3.52 long, 2.78 wide. Abdomen 3.32 long, 2.63 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.18, PME 0.15, PLE 0.18; AME-AME 0.17, AME-ALE 0.19, PME-PME 0.19, PME-PLE 0.20. Leg measurements: I: 30.26 (8.25, 10.10, 8.94, 2.97); II: 28.61 (8.09, 9.52, 8.53, 2.47); III: 18.65 (5.59, 5.75, 5.37, 1.94); IV: 23.97 (7.03, 7.81, 6.75, 2.38). Habitus as in Fig. 47E. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse chevrons. Legs brownish with black annulations. Palp (Figs 46A, B, 57D): patella short, ca. 1/2 of tibial length, with one retrolateral macroseta; tibia short, subequal to cymbial length, with several macrosetae and a dorsal process; paracymbium short, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length, hook shaped; pimoid cymbial sclerite L-shaped, distally with scales, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length; cymbial denticulate process short, with more than 7 cuspules; median apophysis indistinct; conductor distinct and membranous; pimoid embolic process broad, suddenly narrowing distally, with proximal apophysis, longer than embolus; embolus beginning at the 5:30 o’clock position; embolic tooth absent.

Figure 46. 

Left palp of Pimoa xiahe sp. nov., holotype A prolateral view B retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum. Scale bar: equal for A, B.

Figure 47. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa xiahe sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E male habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, dorsal view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for F, G.

Female (paratype): Total length 8.30. Carapace 3.68 long, 2.89 wide. Abdomen 4.62 long, 2.87 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.21, ALE 0.20, PME 0.18, PLE 0.19; AME-AME 0.13, AME-ALE 0.14, PME-PME 0.16, PME-PLE 0.20. Leg measurements: I: 23.38 (6.63, 7.96, 6.16, 2.63); II: 21.06 (6.11, 7.07, 5.63, 2.25); III: 14.61 (4.22, 4.67, 4.13, 1.59); IV: 19.22 (5.91, 6.12, 5.28, 1.91). Habitus as in Fig. 47F, G. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse chevrons. Legs yellowish with black annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 47A–D): triangular; ventral plate broad, width subequal to length; dorsal plate tongue shaped; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae nearly oval, separated by ca. 1/3 width of spermatheca; fertilization ducts yellowish, laterally oriented.

Known only from the type locality, Gansu, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♀ (IZCAS-Ar42010), China, Shaanxi, Paoki, Mei County, Taibaishan Nation Forest Park, 34.02°N, 107.87°E, ca. 1656 m, 20.VII.2020, Y. Lin and Z. Wang leg. Paratype: 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar42011), same data as holotype.

The specific name is named after the collector Yejie Lin and is a noun (name) in genitive case.

Pimoa yejiei sp. nov. resembles P. mainling (see Zhang et al. 2020: 89, fig. 7A–D), but can be distinguished by the broad and round dorsal plates (Fig. 48A–D) (vs. narrow).

Female (holotype): Total length 5.62. Carapace 2.84 long, 1.28 wide. Abdomen 2.78 long, 1.94 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.16, PME 0.17, PLE 0.18; AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.12, PME-PME 0.14, PME-PLE 0.13. Leg measurements: I: 19.42 (5.52, 6.50, 5.09, 2.31); II: 17.37 (4.84, 5.78, 4.81, 1.94); III: 13.91 (4.75, 4.25, 3.47, 1.44); IV: 16.10 (4.88, 5.25, 4.28, 1.69). Habitus as in Fig. 48E–G. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse bands and a vertical band not extending to distal part. Legs yellowish without annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 48A–D): funnel-shaped; ventral plates narrow, with a tip, length subequal to width; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae round, unseparated; fertilization ducts hyaline, anteriorly oriented.

Figure 48. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa yejiei sp. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view C vulva, dorsal view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E female habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, lateral view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for E–G.

Male: Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Shaanxi, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♂ (IZCAS-Ar42012), China, Sichuan, Liangshan, Mianning County, Yele Town, the abandoned mine opposite the Yichang Family, 28.93°N, 102.23°E, ca. 2471 m, 13.III.2019, Z. Chen leg. Paratypes: 1♂2♀ (IZCAS-Ar42013-Ar42015), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

The male of Pimoa yele sp. nov. resembles those of P. jinchuan sp. nov. (Figs 19A, B, 55C), P. lata (see Zhang and Li 2019: 6, fig. 3A–C), and P. trifurcata (see Xu and Li 2007: 496, figs 48–54) but can be distinguished from P. jinchuan sp. nov. and P. lata by the embolus with a short, slender spine proximally (Fig. 58A) (vs. without a spine) and the short and distally narrow cymbial denticulate process (Fig. 58A) (vs. broad) and distinguished from P. trifurcata by the distally bifurcate apex of the pimoid embolic process (Fig. 1B) (vs. trifurcate apex). The female of P. yele sp. nov. resembles those of P. crispa (see Hormiga 1994a: 63, figs 239–247) and P. jinchuan sp. nov. (Fig. 20A–D) but can be distinguished by the bullet-shaped ventral plate (Fig. 50A) (vs. triangular in P. crispa and tongue shaped and distally curved in P. jinchuan sp. nov.) and also from P. crispa by the unseparated spermathecae (Fig. 50A) (vs. with small separation).

Figure 49. 

Left palp of Pimoa yele sp. nov., holotype A prolateral view B retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum. Scale bar: equal for A, B.

Male (holotype): Total length 6.03. Carapace 2.56 long, 2.38 wide. Abdomen 3.47 long, 2.16 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.19, PME 0.17, PLE 0.18; AME-AME 0.09, AME-ALE 0.14, PME-PME 0.14, PME-PLE 0.14. Leg measurements: I: 29.76 (8.66, 9.19, 9.13, 2.78); II: 24.98 (6.69, 8.19, 7.63, 2.47); III: 15.32 (4.44, 4.66, 4.63, 1.59); IV: 20.89 (6.22, 6.82, 5.91, 1.94). Habitus as in Fig. 50E. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellow transverse chevrons, nearly oval. Legs brownish without annulations. Palp (Figs 49A, B, 58A): patella short, almost as long as tibial length, with one retrolateral macroseta; tibia short, ca. 1/2 of cymbial length, with several macrosetae and a dorsal process; paracymbium short, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length, finger shaped; pimoid cymbial sclerite V-shaped, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length; cymbial denticulate process short and distally narrow, with more than 12 cuspules; median apophysis slender; conductor distinct; pimoid embolic process broad, robust, with distally bifurcate apex with scales, longer than embolus; embolus beginning at the 8:00 o’clock position, with a short, slender spine proximally; embolic tooth absent.

Figure 50. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa yele sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E male habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, dorsal view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for F, G.

Female (paratype): Total length 8.62. Carapace 3.56 long, 3.03 wide. Abdomen 5.06 long, 3.09 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.19, ALE 0.20, PME 0.19, PLE 0.20; AME-AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.21, PME-PME 0.21, PME-PLE 0.22. Leg measurements: I: 26.85 (7.69, 9.00, 7.53, 2.63); II: 23.07 (6.56, 7.72, 6.63, 2.16); III: 17.04 (5.44, 5.13, 4.72, 1.75); IV: 21.93 (6.78, 7.12, 6.09, 1.94). Habitus as in Fig. 50F, G. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse bands. Legs brownish without annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 50A–D): bullet-shaped; ventral plate broad, width ca. 1/2 of length; dorsal plate triangular, with a distal tip; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae oval, unseparated; fertilization ducts yellowish, laterally oriented.

Known only from the type locality, Sichuan, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♂ (IZCAS-Ar2016), China, Tibet, Nyingchi, Zayu County, Ridong Village, 28.52°N, 98.08°E, ca. 3572 m, 30.VII.2019, X. Zhang, Z. Bai and J. Liu leg. Paratypes: 1♂2♀ (IZCAS-Ar42017-Ar42019), same data as holotype.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

The male of Pimoa zayu sp. nov. resembles those of P. gandhii (see Hormiga 1994a: 73, figs 218–223) and P. nematoides (see Hormiga 1994a: 71, figs 285–289) but can be distinguished by the cymbial denticulate process with many cuspules (Figs 51B, 58B) (vs. few cuspules), from P. gandhii by the longer, membranous pimoid embolic process (Fig. 58B) (vs. almost as long as embolus), and from P. nematoides by the broad cymbial denticulate process (Fig. 58B) (vs. narrow). The female of P. zayu sp. nov. also resembles P. gandhii (see Hormiga 1994a: 73, figs 224–231) but can be distinguished by the unseparated pair of nearly rectangular spermathecae (Fig. 52A) (vs. oval, separated by ca. 1/3 width of a spermatheca).

Figure 51. 

Left palp of Pimoa zayu sp. nov., holotype A prolateral view B retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum. Scale bar: equal for A, B.

Figure 52. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa zayu sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E male habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, dorsal view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for F, G.

Male (holotype): Total length 6.10. Carapace 2.63 long, 2.66 wide. Abdomen 3.47 long, 3.13 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.15, PME 0.17, PLE 0.17; AME-AME 0.19, AME-ALE 0.07, PME-PME 0.12, PME-PLE 0.16. Leg measurements: I: 23.27 (6.13, 7.81, 7.05, 2.28); II: 20.03 (5.69, 6.50, 5.78, 2.06); III: 13.63 (3.91, 4.41, 3.78, 1.53); IV: 16.19 (4.34, 5.41, 4.72, 1.72). Habitus as in Fig. 51E. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen black with yellowish transverse chevrons. Legs yellowish with black annulations. Palp (Figs 51A, B, 58B): patella short, almost as long as tibial length, with one retrolateral macroseta; tibia short, ca. 1/3 of cymbial length, with several macrosetae and a dorsal process; paracymbium short, ca. 1/4 of cymbial length, finger shaped; pimoid cymbial sclerite U-shaped, ca. 1/4 of cymbial length; cymbial denticulate process short and broad, with more than 23 cuspules; median apophysis slender, membranous; conductor indistinct; pimoid embolic process membranous, longer than embolus; embolus beginning at the 4:00 o’clock position; embolic tooth absent.

Female (paratype): Total length 5.49. Carapace 2.61 long, 2.25 wide. Abdomen 2.88 long, 2.28 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.18, ALE 0.19, PME 0.18, PLE 0.19 AME-AME 0.11, AME-ALE 0.10, PME-PME 0.12, PME-PLE 0.16. Leg measurements: I: 18.68 (5.31, 6.22, 4.84, 2.31); II: 15.59 (4.31, 5.31, 4.03, 1.94); III: 11.12 (3.31, 3.63, 2.84, 1.34); IV: 14.44 (4.53, 4.60, 3.78, 1.53). Habitus as in Fig. 52F, G. Carapace yellowish with black lateral margins; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum brownish. Abdomen grayish with yellowish transverse chevrons. Legs yellowish with black annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 52A–D): triangular; ventral plate broad, width ca. 1/2 of length; dorsal plate triangular; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae nearly oval, unseparated; fertilization ducts yellowish, laterally oriented.

Known only from the type locality, Tibet, China (Fig. 59).

Holotype: ♀ (IZCAS-Ar42020), China, Tibet, Nyingchi, Bayi District, Guncang Monba Ethnic Township, Guncang Village, 29.80°N, 94.10°E, ca. 3556 m, 1.X.2020, Z. Chen leg. Paratype: 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar42021), same data as holotype.

The specific name is named after the collector Zhigang Chen and is a noun (name) in genitive case.

Pimoa zhigangi sp. nov. resembles those of P. nyingchi (see Zhang et al. 2020: 91, fig. 9A–D) and P. reniformis (see Xu and Li 2007: 493, figs 42–47) but can be distinguished by the spermathecae which are separated by ca. 1/2 the width of a spermatheca (Fig. 53A) (vs. unseparated) and also from P. nyingchi by the distally narrow dorsal plate (Fig. 53B) (vs. distally pointed).

Female (holotype): Total length 6.49. Carapace 3.24 long, 2.66 wide. Abdomen 3.25 long, 4.28 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.19, PME 0.15, PLE 0.19; AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.13, PME-PME 0.14, PME-PLE 0.19. Leg measurements: I: 25.70 (7.41, 8.69, 7.22, 2.38); II: 21.65 (6.44, 6.81, 6.09, 2.31); III: 15.75 (4.81, 4.94, 4.41, 1.59); IV: 20.62 (6.34, 6.75, 5.66, 1.87). Habitus as in Fig. 53E–G. Carapace yellowish; thoracic fovea and radial grooves distinct; sternum yellow. Abdomen grayish with brownish transverse bands and a yellowish vertical band not extending to distal part. Legs brownish without annulations. Epigyne (Fig. 53A–D): subtriangular; ventral plate broad, length subequal to width; dorsal plates triangular, width ca. 1/2 to length; copulatory openings distinct; spermathecae nearly round, separated by ca. 1/2 width of spermatheca; fertilization ducts yellow, laterally oriented.

Figure 53. 

Epigyne and habitus of Pimoa zhigangi sp. nov., female holotype A epigyne, ventral view B schematic course of internal duct system, ventral view C vulva, dorsal view D schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal view E female habitus, dorsal view F female habitus, lateral view G female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; DP = dorsal plate of the epigyne; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; VP = ventral plate of epigyne. Scale bars: equal for E–G.

Male: Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Tibet, China (Fig. 59).

Figure 54. 

Left palps of Pimoa new species, ventral view, A Pimoa anning sp. nov. B Pimoa bomi sp. nov. C Pimoa dongjiu sp. nov. D Pimoa gyara sp. nov. Abbreviations: AS = alveolar sclerite; C = conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum.

Figure 55. 

Left palps of Pimoa new species, ventral view, A Pimoa gyirong sp. nov. B Pimoa heishui sp. nov. C Pimoa jinchuan sp. nov. D Pimoa mechi sp. nov. Abbreviations: AS = alveolar sclerite; C = conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum.

Figure 56. 

Left palps of Pimoa new species, ventral view A Pimoa miandam sp. nov. B Pimoa miero sp. nov. C Pimoa muli sp. nov. D Pimoa nyalam sp. nov. Abbreviations: AS = alveolar sclerite; C = conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum.

Figure 57. 

Left palps of Pimoa new species, ventral view A Pimoa phaplu sp. nov. B Pimoa sangri sp. nov. C Pimoa tengchong sp. nov. D Pimoa xiahe sp. nov. Abbreviations: AS = alveolar sclerite; C = conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum.

Figure 58. 

Left palps of Pimoa new species, ventral view A Pimoa yele sp. nov. B Pimoa zayu sp. nov. Abbreviations: AS = alveolar sclerite; C = conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum.

Figure 59. 

Distribution records of Pimoa new species in this paper 1 P. anning sp. nov. 2 P. bomi sp. nov. 3 P. cawarong sp. nov. 4 P. daman sp. nov. 5 P. danba sp. nov. 6 P. deqen sp. nov. 7 P. dongjiu sp. nov. 8 P. guiqing sp. nov. 9 P. gyaca sp. nov. 10 P. gyara sp. nov. 11 P. gyirong sp. nov. 12 P. heishui sp. nov. 13 P. jinchuan sp. nov. 14 P. khaptad sp. nov. 15 P. koshi sp. nov. 16 P. lhatog sp. nov. 17 P. mechi sp. nov. 18 P. miandam sp. nov. 19 P. miero sp. nov. 20 P. mude sp. nov. 21 P. muli sp. nov. 22 P. naran sp. nov. 23 P. ninglang sp. nov. 24 P. nyalam sp. nov. 25 P. phaplu sp. nov. 26 P. putou sp. nov. 27 P. rara sp. nov. 28 P. sangri sp. nov. 29 P. shigatse sp. nov. 30 P. tengchong sp. nov. 31 P. xiahe sp. nov. 32 P. yejiei sp. nov. 33 P. yele sp. nov. 34 P. zayu sp. nov. 35 P. zhigangi sp. nov.