Research Article |
Corresponding author: Jun-Jie Gu ( orthoptera_gu@aliyun.com ) Academic editor: Tony Robillard
© 2021 Jun-Jie Gu, Xin Yang, Rong Huang, Guijun Yang, Yanli Yue, Dong Ren.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Gu J-J, Yang X, Huang R, Yang G, Yue Y, Ren D (2021) New species and material of Hagloidea (Insecta, Ensifera) from the Yanliao biota of China. ZooKeys 1033: 183-190. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1033.63571
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A new species of Cyrtophyllitinae, Archaboilus polyneurus sp. nov. Gu, Yue & Ren, is described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation, Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China. The species is characterized by its ScA reaching the anterior wing margin at the level of the divergence of M+ CuA, distally branched RP, lengths of free CuA and free M equal, and numerous branches of CuA + CuPaα. A new fossil of Liassophyllum caii Gu & Ren, 2012 is described which increases knowledge of its wing venation and indicates that Liassophyllum should be assigned to the Tuphellidae.
Archaboilus, Daohugou, Cyrtophyllitinae, Liassophyllum, Middle Jurassic, Orthoptera, systematic palaeontology, Tuphellidae
The superfamily Hagloidea (Orthoptera) sensu
The non-marine Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits of northern China are rich and diverse in fossil insects (
Here, we report a new species of the haglid subfamily Cyrtophyllitinae and describe a new fossil of Liassophyllum caii Gu & Ren, 2012, increasing the diversity of Haglidae and knowledge of their wing venation.
The specimens were examined with a Nikon SMZ 25 microscope and photographed with a Nikon DS-Ri 2 digital camera system. Line drawings were prepared using Adobe Illustrator CC 2017 and Adobe Photoshop CC 2017 software. Measurements were taken using Adobe Illustrator. The specimens are housed at the Key Lab of Insect Evolution and Environmental Changes, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing, China.
Wing venation terminology follows the interpretation proposed by
Class Insecta Linnaeus, 1758
Order Orthoptera Olivier, 1789
Suborder Ensifera Chopard, 1920
Superfamily Hagloidea Handlirsch, 1906
A. kisylkiensis Martynov, 1937, A. martynovi Gorochov, 1988, A. musicus Gu, Engel & Ren, 2012, A. shurabicus Martynov, 1937, A. similis Zherikhin, 1985, Archaboilus polyneurus sp. nov.
ScA reaches anterior wing margin at level of divergence of M+ CuA, RP branched distally, lengths of free CuA and free M equal, CuA + CuPaα with numerous branches.
Holotype , CNU-ORT-NN2009018PC. Paratype, CNU-ORT-NN2009011.
Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China; Jiulongshan Formation, Bathonian–Callovian boundary interval (
Forewing oval, estimated length ca 33 mm. ScA crossing area between ScP and anterior wing margin, reaching margin at level of divergence of M+ CuA; basal part of ScP slightly anteriorly curved, ScP reaching anterior margin at 3/4 to wing base with numerous oblique branches uniformly distributed; branches of ScP with secondary vein between them, formed by two rows of cells; most cross-veins between ScP and R straight; stem R slightly undulate; RA basally branched, pectinate with 4–7 terminal branches; base of RP curved towards to posterior margin, RP very distally branched with less branches than RA; area between RA and RP with series of regular arranged cross-veins; area between R and M expanding when R dichotomous, with series of long cross-veins, cross-veins of expanded area curved; presence of a transverse veinlet connecting MA and base of RP (asterisk on Fig.
From the Latin “polyneurus”, referring to its numerous branches of CuA + CuPaα.
Although the preservation and deformation of the specimens makes it difficult to identify the complete structure of ScA, this new species can be assigned to Archaboilus Martynov, 1937 by a combination of its ScA crossing the area between ScP and the anterior wing margin, the base of MP strongly curved, and the presence of a transverse veinlet connecting MA and the base of RP. Besides these diagnostic characters of the genus, A. polyneurus sp. nov. shares with A. musicus from the same locality a slightly sigmoidal ScP, but it differs from it by its much more distally branched RP and distinctly smaller forewing. Although the holotype and single known specimen of A. kisylkiensis Martynov, 1937 is only the basal half of a forewing, its free CuA is much longer than its free M, not as in the new species. A. polyneurus sp. nov. differs from all other Archaboilus species by its shorter ScA, very distally branches of RP, and numerous branches of CuA + CuPaα. Although the terminals numbers of RA and CuA + CuPaα are different between the holotype and paratype, this kind of difference has been shown to be intra-specific variation in orthopterans and their relatives (
CNU-ORT-NN2020001.
Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China; Jiulongshan Formation, Bathonian–Callovian boundary interval (
Isolated left forewing with negative and positive imprint; preserved length 41 mm, estimated complete length ca 49 mm, distal part of subcostal area, R, M, part of posterior margin all missing. Preserved forewing venation almost the same as previously described fossils of the species. Forewing elongated, not typically oval; the anterior wing margin is slightly flattened in its basal part, then arched upwards; there is no curved ScA crossing area between ScP and anterior wing margin; area between ScP and anterior margin basally narrowed, gradually widened to the middle; area between CuPb and CuPaβ broad, very basal cross-veins strongly curved and connected, formed into several irregular cells.
Although the distal part of the forewing is absent, we assign the new fossil to L. caii Gu & Ren, 2012 by the following: R is simple for a long distance and is strongly arched toward the anterior margin distal to the redirection of ScP; MA is undulate; and the area between R and MA is distinctly broad. Liassophyllum caii Gu & Ren, 2012 was erected based on 11 specimens. The holotype is an isolate forewing with the basal area between ScP and the anterior margin missing, the paratypes are well preserved but with wings strongly overlapped and their subcostal area is not clear. The basal part of the subcostal area of the type species L. abbreviatum Zeuner, 1935 is also unknown. The new material described here has a clear subcostal area, improving the knowledge of this important area. It lacks an arched ScA crossing the subcostal area positioned very close to the anterior wing margin. The basal-most area between ScP and anterior wing margin has fan-like veinlets.
We sincerely appreciate the critical and valuable comments from the editor and the anonymous reviewers. We thank Dr Bruce Archibald from the Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada for improving the manuscript. This research is supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 41872020, 31760618, 41688103, 32020103006).