Contributions to the knowledge of oribatid mites of Indonesia. 1. The genus Allogalumna (Galumnidae) with descriptions of two new species (Acari, Oribatida)

Sergey Ermilov; Dorotee Sandmann; Bernhard Klarner; Rahaju Widyastuti; Stefan Scheu

doi:10.3897/zookeys.529.6326

Research Article

Contributions to the knowledge of oribatid mites of Indonesia. 1. The genus Allogalumna (Galumnidae) with descriptions of two new species (Acari, Oribatida)

Sergey G. Ermilov^‡, Dorotee Sandmann^§, Bernhard Klarner^§, Rahaju Widyastuti^|, Stefan Scheu^§

‡ Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia

§ Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

| Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia

Corresponding author: Sergey Ermilov ( ermilovacari@yandex.ru )

Academic editor: Vladimir Pesic

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Ermilov SG, Sandmann D, Klarner B, Widyastuti R, Scheu S (2015) Contributions to the knowledge of oribatid mites of Indonesia. 1. The genus Allogalumna (Galumnidae) with descriptions of two new species (Acari, Oribatida). ZooKeys 529: 71-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6326

ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:564E4BAC-AA42-491F-89E5-B5AA8E8AC5B3

Abstract

Two new species of oribatid mites of the genus Allogalumna (Oribatida, Galumnidae) are described from litter and soil materials of Sumatra, Indonesia. Allogalumna indonesiensis sp. n. is morphologically most similar to A. borhidii Balogh & Mahunka, 1979, A. quadrimaculata (Mahunka, 1988), A. rotundiceps Aoki, 1996 and A. plowmanae Balogh & Balogh, 1983; however, the new species differs by having densely ciliate bothridial heads, larger body size and absence of a median pore. Allogalumna paranovazealandica sp. n. is morphologically most similar to A. novazealandica Hammer, 1968; however, the new species differs by the shorter body length and barbed and curving postero-laterad bothridial setae. The genus Allogalumna is recorded for the first time in the Indonesian fauna.

Keywords

Oribatid mites, Allogalumna , new species, new record, Indonesia

Introduction

At present, the oribatid mite fauna (Acari, Oribatida) of Indonesia is poorly known (Sellnick 1925, 1930; Willmann 1929, 1932; Csiszár 1961; Balogh and Mahunka 1968; Mahunka 1977, 1989, 1990; Hammer 1979, 1981a, 1981b, 1982; Aoki et al. 1994; Niedbała 2007, 2008). This work is a part of a study on Indonesian oribatids and based on material which was collected in 2013 in the framework of the interdisciplinary project “Ecological and socioeconomic functions of tropical lowland rainforest transformation systems (Sumatra, Indonesia)”. Litter and soil samples were taken along a land use gradient including rainforest, jungle rubber, rubber and oil palm plantations in Jambi Province. For more details on the study region and experimental design see Barnes et al. (2014).

This paper includes the data on taxa of Allogalumna Grandjean, 1936 (Galumnidae). During taxonomic identification, two new species of this genus were found. The main goal of the paper is to describe and illustrate these species under the names A. indonesiensis sp. n. and A. paranovazealandica sp. n.

Allogalumna is a genus that was proposed by Grandjean (1936) with Galumna alamellae Jacot, 1935 as type species. Based on updated generic diagnosis (Ermilov et al. 2013a), it comprises more than 40¹ species collectively having a cosmopolitan distribution; Allogalumna has not been reported before in the Indonesian fauna. An identification key to all known species of this genus was given by Akrami (2015), while additional keys to selective species were presented by Balogh and Balogh (2002) and Ermilov and Anichkin (2014).

Materials and methods

Exact collection locality and habitat are given in the respective “Material examined” section for each new species.

Specimens were mounted in lactic acid on temporary cavity slides for measurement and illustration. The body length was measured in lateral view, from the tip of the rostrum to the posterior edge of the ventral plate. Notogastral width refers to the maximum width in dorsal aspect. Lengths of body setae were measured in lateral aspect. All body measurements are presented in micrometers. Formulae for leg setation are given in parentheses according to the sequence trochanter–femur–genu–tibia–tarsus (famulus included). Formulae for leg solenidia are given in square brackets according to the sequence genu–tibia–tarsus.

General terminology used in this paper follows that of Grandjean (summarized by Norton and Behan-Pelletier 2009).

Drawings were made with a camera lucida using a Carl Zeiss transmission light microscope “Axioskop-2 Plus”.

Descriptions

Allogalumna indonesiensis sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/2E8C0C04-C670-4191-AA46-3134623A5D09

Figs 1, 2, 3–4, 5–9

Diagnosis

Body size: 282–298 × 215–232. Rostral, lamellar and interlamellar setae minute. Bothridial setae with unilaterally dilated, densely ciliate head. Anterior notogastral margin not developed. Four pairs of porose areas rounded. Median pore absent. Postanal porose area elongate oval.

Description

Measurements. Body length: 282 (holotype: male), 282–298 (five paratypes: two females and three males); notogaster width: 215 (holotype), 215–232 (five paratypes). Without sexual dimorphism.

Integument. Body color brown. Body surface, pteromorphs, subcapitular mentum, genital and anal plates, and legs smooth.

Prodorsum (Figs 1, 3, 5). Rostrum broadly rounded. Sublamellar lines (S) distinct, curving backwards. Rostral (ro), lamellar (le) and interlamellar (in) setae minute (all 4), thin, smooth. Bothridial setae (bs) comparatively short (49–53), with unilaterally dilated, densely ciliate head. Exobothridial setae and their alveoli absent. Porose areas Ad elongate oval, transversally oriented (16–20 × 6–8).

Figure 1.

Allogalumna indonesiensis sp. n., adult: dorsal view. Scale bar 50 μm.

Figure 2.

Allogalumna indonesiensis sp. n., adult: ventral view (gnathosoma and legs not shown). Scale bar 50 μm.

Figures 3–4.

Allogalumna indonesiensis sp. n., adult: 3 anterior part of body, lateral view (gnathosoma and leg I not shown) 4 posterior view. Scale bar 50 μm.

Figures 5–9.

Allogalumna indonesiensis sp. n., adult: 5 bothridial seta 6 subcapitulum, ventral view 7 genital plate, right 8 anal plate, left, and adanal setae 9 tibia of leg IV, right, antiaxial view. Scale bar 20 μm.

Notogaster (Figs 1, 3, 4). Anterior notogastral margin not developed. Dorsophragmata (D) of medium size, elongated longitudinally. Notogastral setae represented by 10 pairs of alveoli. Four pairs of porose areas rounded, with distinct margins: Aa (16–18) usually slightly larger than A1, A2 and A3 (all 12–16). Setal alveoli la inserted posteriorly to Aa. Median pore absent in males and females. All lyrifissures (ia, im, ip, ih, ips) distinct, im located between setal alveoli lm and lp. Opisthonotal gland openings (gla) located laterally to A1.

Gnathosoma (Fig. 6). Morphology of subcapitulum, palps and chelicerae typical for most Galumnidae (for example, see Engelbrecht 1969, 1972; Ermilov and Anichkin 2010, 2011; Ermilov et al. 2011, 2013b; Bayartogtokh and Akrami 2014). Subcapitulum size: 61–69 × 61–69. Subcapitular setae setiform, smooth, a (10–12) longer than m (6–8) and h (4), a thickest, h thinnest. Two pairs of adoral setae (or₁, or₂, 8) thin, indistinctly barbed. Palps (57) with typical setation: 0–2–1–3–9(+ω). Axillary sacculi (sac) distinct. Chelicerae (77) with two setiform, barbed setae; cha (28) longer than chb (16). Trägårdh’s organ long, tapered.

Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions (Fig. 2). Anterior tectum of epimere I smooth. Apodemes 1, 2, sejugal and 3 well visible. Four pairs of short (all 4), thin setae, setal formula: 1–0–1–2. Pedotecta II (Pd II) scale-like in lateral view, rounded distally in ventral view. Discidia (dis) sharply triangular. Circumpedal carinae (cp) distinct, directed slightly laterally to setae 3b.

Anogenital region (Figs 2, 4, 7, 8). Six pairs of genital (g₁, 8; g₂–g₆, 4), one pair of aggenital (ag, 4), two pairs of anal (an₁, an₂, 4) and three pairs of adanal (ad₁–ad₃, 4) setae thin, smooth. Two genital setae on anterior edge of each genital plate. Adanal setae ad₃inserted laterally to adanal lyrifissures (iad). Postanal porose area (Ap) elongate oval, transversally oriented (28–32 × 6–8).

Legs (Fig. 9). Morphology of leg segments, setae and solenidia typical for most Galumnidae (for example, see Engelbrecht 1969, 1972; Ermilov and Anichkin 2010, 2011; Ermilov et al. 2011; Bayartogtokh and Akrami 2014). Tridactylous; claws smooth. Formulas of leg setation and solenidia: I (1–4–3–4–20) [1–2–2], II (1–4–3–4–15) [1–1–2], III (1–2–1–3–15) [1–1–0], IV (1–2–2–3–12) [0–1–0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in Table 1. Solenidion φ of tibiae IV inserted dorsally at about 2/3 length of segment.

Table 1.

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Leg setation and solenidia of adult Allogalumna indonesiensis sp. n. (same data for A. paranovazealandica sp. n.)

Leg	Tr	Fe	Ge	Ti	Ta
I	v’	d, (l), bv’’	(l), v’, ε	(l), (v), φ₁, φ₂	(ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), v’, (pl), l’’, ε, ω₁, ω₂
II	v’	d, (l), bv’’	(l), v’, σ	(l), (v), φ	(ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), ω₁, ω₂
III	v’	d, ev’	l’, σ	l’, (v), φ	(ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)
IV	v’	d, ev’	d, l’	l’, (v), φ	ft’’, (tc), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)

Material examined

Holotype (male): Indonesia, Sumatra, Harapan landscape, Jungle rubber agroforest, research site HJ2 (project site number), 01°49'31.9"S, 103°17'39.2"E, 84 m a.s.l., from forest floor litter material. Two paratypes (female and male): Indonesia, Sumatra, Bukit Duabelas landscape, secondary rainforest, research site BF1, 01°59'42.5"S, 102°45'08.1"E, 83 m a.s.l., from forest floor litter material. Three paratypes (female and two males): Indonesia, Sumatra, Bukit Duabelas landscape, Jungle rubber agroforest, research site BJ5, 02°08'35.6"S, E 102°51'04.7"E, 51 m a.s.l., from upper soil layer (0–5 cm). All specimens were collected by Bernhard Klarner (15.XI.2013) and determined and collected to morphospecies level by Dorothee Sandmann.

Type deposition

The holotype is deposited in LIPI (Indonesian Institute of Science) Cibinong, Indonesia; three paratypes are deposited in the collection of the Senckenberg Museum, Görlitz, Germany; two paratypes are deposited in the collection of the Tyumen State UniversityMuseum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia.

Etymology

The specific name indonesiensis refers to the country of origin, Indonesia.

Remarks

Allogalumna indonesiensis sp. n. is most similar to A. borhidii Balogh & Mahunka, 1979 from the Neotropical region (see Balogh and Mahunka 1979), A. quadrimaculata (Mahunka, 1988) from Malaysia (see Mahunka 1988), A. rotundiceps Aoki, 1996 from Japan and Vietnam (see Aoki 1996) and A. plowmanae Balogh & Balogh, 1983 from Australia (see Balogh and Balogh 1983) in having small body size, minute prodorsal setae, four pairs of rounded notogastral porose areas and bothridial setae with unilaterally dilated head. However, the new species differs from these species by having densely ciliate bothridial heads (versus slightly barbed in distal parts), larger body size (282–298 × 215–232 versus 243–264 × 193–202 in A. borhidii, 249 × 166² in A. quadrimaculata, 212–219 × 155–160 in A. rotundiceps and 261 × 171 in A. plowmanae) and absence of a median pore (versus present in A. borhidii, A. quadrimaculata and A. rotundiceps).

Allogalumna paranovazealandica sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/5DB5344A-F409-47AF-AF3A-EBDBADD7F990

Figs 10, 11, 12–13, 14–18

Diagnosis

Body size: 282–298 × 199–215. Rostral, lamellar and interlamellar setae minute. Bothridial setae with unilaterally slightly dilated, elongated, barbed in medio-distal part head. Anterior notogastral margin not developed. Four pairs of porose areas rounded. Median pore present. Postanal porose area elongate oval.

Description

Measurements. Body length: 282 (holotype: female), 282–298 (seven paratypes: two females and five males); notogaster width: 215 (holotype), 199–215 (seven paratypes). Without sexual dimorphism.

Integument. Body color brown. Body surface, pteromorphs, subcapitular mentum, genital and anal plates, and legs smooth.

Prodorsum (Figs 10, 12, 14). Rostrum broadly rounded. Sublamellar lines distinct, curving backwards. Rostral, lamellar and interlamellar setae minute (all 4), thin, smooth. Bothridial setae long (77–86), with unilaterally slightly dilated, elongated, barbed in medio-distal part head, directed postero-laterad. Exobothridial setae and their alveoli absent. Porose areas Ad elongate oval, transversally oriented (12–16 × 6–8).

Figure 10.

Allogalumna paranovazealandica sp. n., adult: dorsal view. Scale bar 50 μm.

Figure 11.

Allogalumna paranovazealandica sp. n., adult: ventral view (gnathosoma and legs not shown). Scale bar 50 μm.

Figures 12–13.

Allogalumna paranovazealandica sp. n., adult: 12 anterior part of body, lateral view (gnathosoma and leg I not shown) 13 posterior view. Scale bar 50 μm.

Figures 14–18.

Allogalumna paranovazealandica sp. n., adult: 14 bothridial seta 15 subcapitulum, ventral view 16 genital plate, right 17 anal plate, left, and adanal setae 18 tibia of leg IV, left, antiaxial view. Scale bar 20 μm.

Notogaster (Figs 10, 12, 13). Anterior notogastral margin not developed. Dorsophragmata of medium size, elongated longitudinally. Notogastral setae represented by 10 pairs of alveoli. Four pairs of porose areas rounded, with distinct margins: Aa (14–16) larger than A1, A2 and A3 (all 6–10). Setal alveoli la inserted posteriorly to Aa. Median pore present in males and females, located between A2. All lyrifissures distinct, im located between setal alveoli lm and lp. Opisthonotal gland openings located laterally to A1.

Gnathosoma (Fig. 15). Morphology of subcapitulum, palps and chelicerae typical for most Galumnidae (for example, see Engelbrecht 1969, 1972; Ermilov and Anichkin 2010, 2011; Ermilov et al. 2011, 2013b; Bayartogtokh and Akrami 2014). Subcapitulum size: 73 × 61–65. Subcapitular setae setiform, smooth, a (12) longer than m (8) and h (4), a thickest, h thinnest. Two pairs of adoral setae (6–8) thin, indistinctly barbed. Palps (61) with typical setation: 0–2–1–3–9(+ω). Axillary sacculi (sac) distinct. Chelicerae (82) with two setiform, barbed setae; cha (28) longer than chb (16). Trägårdh’s organ long, tapered.

Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions (Fig. 11). Anterior tectum of epimere I smooth. Apodemes 1, 2, sejugal and 3 well visible. Four pairs of short (all 4), thin setae, setal formula: 1–0–1–2. Pedotecta II scale-like in lateral view, rounded distally in ventral view. Discidia sharply triangular. Circumpedal carinae indistinctly developed, directed to setae 3b.

Anogenital region (Figs 11, 13, 16, 17). Six pairs of genital (g₁, 10; g₂–g₆, 4), one pair of aggenital (4), two pairs of anal (4) and three pairs of adanal (4) setae thin, smooth. Two genital setae on anterior edge of each genital plate. Adanal setae ad₃inserted laterally to adanal lyrifissures. Postanal porose area elongate oval, transversally oriented (20 × 6–8).

Legs (Fig. 18). Morphology of leg segments, setae and solenidia typical for most Galumnidae (for example, see Engelbrecht 1969, 1972; Ermilov and Anichkin 2010, 2011; Ermilov et al. 2011; Bayartogtokh and Akrami 2014). Tridactylous; claws smooth. Formulas of leg setation and solenidia: I (1–4–3–4–20) [1–2–2], II (1–4–3–4–15) [1–1–2], III (1–2–1–3–15) [1–1–0], IV (1–2–2–3–12) [0–1–0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in c Solenidion φ of tibiae IV inserted dorsally at about 2/3 length of segment.

Material examined

Holotype (female): Indonesia, Sumatra, Bukit Duabelas landscape, Jungle rubber agroforest, research site BJ5, 02°08'35.6"S, E 102°51'04.7"E, 51 m a.s.l., from upper soil layer (0–5 cm). Four paratypes (female and three males): Indonesia, Sumatra, Harapan landscape, Rubber plantation, research site HR2, 01°52'44.5"S, 103°16'28.4"E, 59 m a.s.l., from upper soil layer (0–5 cm). Three paratypes (female and two males): Indonesia, Sumatra, Harapan landscape, secondary rainforest, research site HF4, S 02°11'15.2"S, 103°20'33.4"E, from upper soil layer (0–5 cm). All specimens were collected by Bernhard Klarner (15.XI.2013) and determined and collected to morphospecies level by Dorothee Sandmann.

Type deposition

The holotype is deposited in LIPI (Indonesian Institute of Science) Cibinong, Indonesia; three paratypes are deposited in the collection of the Senckenberg Museum, Görlitz, Germany; four paratypes are deposited in the collection of the Tyumen State UniversityMuseum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia.

Etymology

The specific name paranovazealandica refers to the morphological similarity of the new species to Allogalumna novazealandica Hammer, 1968.

Remarks

Allogalumna paranovazealandica sp. n. is most similar to A. novazealandica Hammer, 1968 from New Zealand in having minute prodorsal setae, long bothridial setae with slightly dilated head, four pairs of rounded notogastral porose areas, median pore and elongated postanal porose area. However, the new species differs from the latter by the shorter body length (282–298 versus 400–410 in A. novazealandica) and barbed in medio-distal part and curving postero-laterad bothridial setae (versus smooth and straight, directed upwards-laterally in A. novazealandica).

Acknowledgements

We cordially thank Prof. Dr. Badamdorj Bayartogtokh (National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia) and an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments, Dr. László Dányi, Dr. Csaba Csuzdi and Edit Horváth (Hungarian National History Museum, Hungary) for loaning the paratypes of Allogalumna quadrimaculata (Mahunka, 1988), Kristina Richter (Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany) for help in building up the Indonesian oribatid mite morphospecies collection, the State Ministry of Research and Technology of Indonesia (RISTEK) for the research permit and the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) and Ministry of Forestry (PHKA) for the collection permit, the village heads, local site owners, PT REKI and Bukit Duabelas National Park for granting access to their properties and the many colleagues and helpers for support in the ﬁeld.

Financial support was provided by the German Research Foundation (DFG) in the framework of the collaborative German – Indonesian research project CRC990 (EFForTS). The taxonomic study on Galumnoidea was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project: 15-04-02706 A).

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