Research Article |
Corresponding author: Chi-Feng Lee ( chifeng@tari.gov.tw ) Academic editor: Jorge Santiago-Blay
© 2015 Chi-Feng Lee, Jan Bezděk.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Lee C-F, Bezděk J (2015) Revision of “Phyllobrotica” from Taiwan with description of Jolibrotica gen. n. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). In: Jolivet P, Santiago-Blay J, Schmitt M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 5. ZooKeys 547: 75-92. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.547.9381
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All Taiwanese species formerly classified the genus Phyllobrotica Chevrolat, 1836 are revised. Jolibrotica Lee & Bezděk, gen. n., is described for Phyllobrotica sauteri (Chûjô, 1935) (Taiwan, China: Guangxi) and P. chujoi Kimoto, 1969 (Taiwan). Phyllobrotica shirozui Kimoto, 1969 is transferred to the genus Haplosomoides. All species are redescribed and their diagnostic characters illustrated.
Jolibrotica gen. n., Haplosomoides , Verbenaceae , taxonomic revision, Palaearctic Region, new genus
Luperus sauteri Chûjô was described in 1935 and named in honor of Hans Sauter. Later
Currently, the genus Phyllobrotica Chevrolat, 1836 is composed of 12 species from the Palaearctic, 2 from the Oriental, and 17 from the Nearctic Region (
Based on reduced elytral epipleurae the genus Jolibrotica gen. n. should be classified in the section Phyllobrotices of Luperina (Luperini). This section was proposed by
Both species of Jolibrotica gen. n. were previously placed in Phyllobrotica based on the reduced epipleurae. However, the genus Phyllobrotica is completely different from any species from Taiwan (see Diagnosis below). Jolibrotica gen. n. is known from Taiwan and several females tentatively assigned to J. sauteri were collected also in continental China (Guangxi).
The Taiwan Chrysomelid Research Team (TCRT) was founded in 2005 and is composed of 10 members. Most of them amateurs interested in making an inventory of all species of Chrysomelidae in Taiwan. Specimens of the new genus have been extensively surveyed and studied, and host plants recorded. Diagnostic characters were assessed and the status of all species was evaluated based on a series of more than 400 specimens. Most of them were collected by the TCRT and others belonged to the historic collection of
To prepare drawings of the adult reproductive systems, the abdomens of adults were separated and boiled in a 10% KOH solution, cleared in distilled water, and then mounted on microscope slides in glycerin for observation. Specimens were examined and drawings were made using a Leica M165 stereomicroscope. Microscope slides were examined and illustrated using a Nikon ECLIPSE 50i microscope. Body parts were then stored in glycerin tubes with the dry mounted specimens.
Host plants are recorded by observing adult feeding behavior in the field.
Specimens examined are deposited at the following institutes and museums.
BMNH The
NHM
JBCB Jan Bezděk collection, Brno, Czech Republic;
SDEI Senckenberg Deutsches Enomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany [Stephan Blank];
Exact label data are cited for all type specimens of the described species; a double slash (//) divides the data on different labels and a single slash (/) divides the data in different rows. Other comments and remarks are in square brackets: [p] – preceding data are printed, [h] – preceding data are handwritten, [w] – white label, [y] – yellow label, [b] – blue label, and [r] – red label.
Luperus (Luperus) sauteri Chûjô, 1935
Coloration: dorsum lustrous, black or metallic blue-green. Antennae black. Legs metallic,black, or brown. Ventral side metallic or black. Body length 3.2–4.3 mm.
Head. Labrum trapezoidal, transverse, with four pores in transverse row bearing pale seta, anterior margin straight. Anterior part of head very short, almost impunctate and glabrous, several setae on anterior margin of clypeus and along lateral margins of nasal keel. Nasal keel narrow, sharp. Interantennal space very narrow, cca 0.5 as wide as transverse diameter of antennal insertion. Frontal tubercles transverse, subtriangular, slightly elevated, lustrous, glabrous, impunctate, anterior tips not separated by nasal keel. Vertex with distinct shallow impression in middle just behind frontal tubercles, with several larger punctures at each side just behind frontal tubercles bearing very long pale setae, rest of vertex impunctate or with indistinct fine punctuation and glabrous. Antennae slender, 0.80–1.00 as long as body, all antennomeres dull, covered with dense setae, antennomere II as long as wide, antennomere III three times as long as antennomere II, antennomeres III-VII ca 2.8–3.0 as long as wide.
Pronotum 1.30–1.60 times as broad as long, widest in anterior quarter, parallel anteriorly, convergent posteriorly, anterior margin straight, posterior margin rounded. Disc covered with fine punctures. Posterior half of disc with wide shallow transvese impression. Anterior margin unbordered in middle, laterally with indistinct fine border, lateral and posterior margins bordered. Anterior and posterior margins with dense short setae, lateral margins with sparse setae. Anterior angles moderately swollen, recangular, posterior angles obtuseangulate, all angles with setigerous pore bearing long pale seta.
Scutellum subtriangular, impunctate, glabrous, with rounded apex.
Elytra ca 1.90–2.10 times as long as wide, almost glabrous (with almost indistinct very scarse short pale setae on humeri, lateral margins and apical slopes), widest at apical quarter, densely covered with fine small confused punctures. Humeral calli well developed. Epipleura extremely narrow, visible only in anterior third of elytra, towards apex more or less only indicated. Macropterous.
Ventral surface lustrous, sparsely covered with fine punctures and pale setae. Anterior coxal cavities opened posteriorly. Prosternal process not visible between procoxae. Abdomen simple, posterior margin of last ventrite with two short incisions, surface behind posterior margin subtriangularly impressed.
Legs slender. All tibiae with fine apical spine in both sexes. Protarsomeres I slender, ca 0.75 times as long as II and III combined. Metatarsomeres I slender, ca as long as II and III combined. Claws appendiculate.
Penis (Figs
Females. Antennae distinctly more slender than in males. Protarsomeres I same as in males. Posterior margin of last ventrite entire. Gonocoxae (Figs
Jolibrotica gen. n. can be differentiated from Phyllobrotica as follows: body black or metallic; interantennal space very narrow, cca 0.5 as wide as transverse diameter of antennal insertion; vertex with several larger punctures at each side just behind frontal tubercles bearing very long pale setae; antennae 0.80–1.00 as long as body; antennomere II as long as wide, antennomere III three times as long as II; male abdominal ventrites not modified; all tibiae with fine apical spine in both sexes; body length 3.2–4.3 mm. Same characters in Phyllobrotica: body coloration always partly orange; interantennal space wider, ca as wide as transverse diameter of antennal insertion; vertex completely glabrous except one setigerous pore behind each eye; antennae distinctly shorter than body; antennomere II ca twice as long as wide, antennomere III 1.5 times as long as II; male abdominal ventrites strongly modified; all tibiae in both sexes without apical spines; body length more than 5.0 mm.
Based on
Recently, three additional genera were described and probably belong to Phyllobroticites although it is not specified in the description. From Jolibrotica gen. n. they can be separated as follows: Pubibrotica Medvedev, 2002 has tibiae lacking apical spines and elytra densely pubescent; Mimastrosoma Medvedev, 2004 is much larger, predominantly pale and the aedeagus is bifurcate; Hirtomimastra Medvedev, 2009 has elongate metatarsus I, body pale and elytra densely pubescent.
Taiwan, China: Guanxi.
Composed from Jolivet and Phyllobrotica to honor Pierre Jolivet, who promoted leaf beetle research more than any other person in recent history.
Luperus (Luperus) sauteri Chûjô, 1935: 162.
Luperus sauteri: Chûjô, 1962: 238.
Phyllobrotica sauteri: Kimoto, 1969: 38;
Taiwan: New Taipei City, Tinshungchi [頂雙溪] (= Chosokei), 25°01'27"N, 121°52'22"E, 50 m.
Lectotype male (
(n = 181). TAIWAN. Chiayi: 1♂, 1♀, Lachitashan, 19.III.2009, leg. H. Lee (
Jolibrotica sauteri is characterized by its metallic blue or green color and extremely elongate penis.
Length 3.3–3.8 mm, width 1.4–1.6 mm. Color metallic green or blue (Figs
Length 3.6–3.9 mm, width 1.8–1.9 mm. Similar to male (Figs
Taiwan, China: Guangxi. Jolibrotica sauteri is more widespread (Fig.
Callicarpa formosana var. formosana Rolfe (Verbenaceae).
Four females collected in Guangxi are tentatively assigned to Jolibrotica sauteri. No difference were observed between females from Guangxi and Taiwan. The shapes of spermatheca and ventrite VIII of females from Guangxi slightly differ from Taiwan specimens, but such slight differencies may be infraspecific. The gonocoxae from both populations are identical.
Phyllobrotica sauteri Chûjô, 1963: 395.
Phyllobrotica chujoi Kimoto, 1969: 38 (replacement name);
Taiwan: Kaoshiung city, Chiasien [甲仙] (= Kosempo), 23°06'52"N, 120°37'53"E, 500 m.
Holotype ♂ (
(n = 21). TAIWAN. Kaoshiung: 1♀, Tengchih, 4.VII.2011, leg. M.-H. Tsou (
Jolibrotica chujoi is similar to J. sauteri but differs by its shiny black color and wider penis.
Length 3.2–3.8 mm, width 1.2 mm. Color blackish brown (Figs
Length 4.1–4.3 mm, width 2.1–2.2 mm. Similar to male (Figs
Endemic to southern Taiwan below 1500 m elevation (Fig.
Callicarpa kochiana Makino (Verbenaceae).
Phyllobrotica shirozui Kimoto, 1969: 37;
Taiwan: Chiayi county, Fenchihu [奮起湖], 23°30'22"N, 120°42'01"E, 1500 m.
Holotype ♂ (
(n = 247). TAIWAN. Chiayi: 1♂, Fenchihu, 25.V.2013, leg. W.-C. Liao (
Although Haplosomoides shirozui resembles H. changi Lee, Bezděk & Staines, 2011 with the similarly peculiar shaped penis and absence of longitudinal ridge on the elytron, it can be easily recognized by its metallic blue elytra (pale in H. changi, see
Length 4.1–5.1 mm, width 1.4–1.7 mm. Color yellowish-brown (Figs
Length 5.7–5.9 mm, width 2.0–2.2 mm. Similar to male; ratio of length of antennomeres III to XI about 1.0 : 1.3 : 1.2 : 1.1 : 1.1 : 1.1 : 0.9 : 0.9 : 1.2; ratio of length to width from antennomere III to XI about 2.9 : 3.8 : 3.4 : 3.3 : 3.3 : 3.2 : 2.7 : 2.8 : 3.9 (Fig.
Endemic to Taiwan. Although not as widespread as Jolibrotica sauteri, it is abundant locally in mountains at elevations between 1000 and 2500 m, extending north to Hsinchu County.
Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb (Verbenaceae).
Phyllobrotica shirozui is transferred to Haplosomoides based on male abdomen simple (strongly modified in Phyllobrotica), pronotum with wide transverse depression in posterior half (pronotum regularly convex in Phyllobrotica) and elytral epipleura present (absent in Phyllobrotica). Haplosomoides shirozui belongs to H. annamita species group as defined by
We would like to thank all curators listed above for giving us the opportunity to study the material from their collections. We thank the Taiwan Chrysomelid Research Team for assistance in collecting material, including J.-C. Chen, H.-J. Chen, Y.-T. Chung, B.-X. Guo, H. Lee, W.-C. Liao, W.-T. Liu, M.-H. Tsou, and S.-F. Yu. We especially thank T.-H. Lee and H.-T. Cheng for photos of dorsal and ventral habitus of each species. We thank Chih-Kai yang for identifying host plants.This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Techonology MOST 103-2313-B-055-001. We are grateful to Prof. Christopher Carlton (Louisiana State Arthropod Museum, USA) for reviewing the manuscript.