Lectotype (Fig. 1a). Length 3.50 mm. Color black, legs tending to deep ferruginous. Body subovate, almost without constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile evenly convex. Rostrum with median ridge and pair of submedian ridges; intervening furrows with rows of silvery scales; apical 1/3 rugose-punctate. Eyes with dorsal margin weakly carinate, bordered by furrow. Forehead coarsely punctate. Pronotum with disk punctate; sides foveate; interspaces microreticulate; base medially hardly extended towards elytral suture. Elytra with striae marked by distinct rows of minute punctures, interspaces weakly microreticulate; along base and humeri with row of large punctures; apex densely punctate. Legs. Femora microreticulate, punctate. Metafemur dorsally with elongate patch of dense white scales; posterior surface with ventral edge rimmed by costa and row of scales, with longitudinal furrow containing row of scales parallel to indistinct dorsoposterior edge. Mesotibia apically with uncus and larger premucro approximate at base but not fused, widely diverging. Metatibia apically with uncus and small angular premucro. Abdominal ventrite 2 swollen, with posterior edge projecting, medially forming common cavity with ventrite 1; ventrite 5 dull, microreticulate, punctate, almost flat, with weak impression. Penis (Fig. 1b) with sides of body subparallel; apex with median triangular extension somewhat confluent with outline of apex; transfer apparatus short, dentiform, bordered by indistinct sclerites; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus.

Figure 1. 

Trigonopterus aequalis (Pascoe), lectotype; a Habitus b Penis c as mounted originally d original labels.

Type specimens. Male, lectotype by present designation (Fig. 1) (BMNH): Queensland, Cape York ? (labels Fig. 1d), ARC4079 (PCR failed). Other specimens (ANIC): 1 ex, Warrah [S Tamworth, leg. W.W. Froggatt].

New South Wales: Tamworth.

Pascoe (1872) did not designate a holotype nor specify the number of specimens examined but gave two localities, “Cape York” and “Rockhampton”. Only the syntype from the first locality could be located in the BMNH. Presumably the missing syntype from Rockhampton represents a different species. A lectotype is designated here to achieve stability of nomenclature.

The question mark behind the name of the type locality (“Cape York ?”) suggests that there was doubt about its validity already in Pascoe’s times. This is supported by the fact that we could only examine one additional specimen, identified by Lea, from the village of Warrah, south of Tamworth in New South Wales. Additional field work should verify the occurrence of the species in this area.

Male (ARC3695; Fig. 2e). Length 2.73 mm. Color black. Body subovate, almost without constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile evenly convex. Rostrum with median costa and pair of submedian costae; intervening furrows with rows of partly abraded scales; apical 1/3 rugose-punctate. Eyes with dorsal margin bordered by furrow. Forehead sparsely punctate. Pronotum with disk subglabrous, with minute punctures; sides foveate; interspaces not microreticulate; base medially hardly extended towards elytral suture. Elytra subglabrous, striae marked by very shallow lines, without punctures; along base and humeri with row of large punctures; apex with scattered shallow punctures. Legs. Femora microreticulate, punctate. Metafemur dorsally with elongate patch of dense silvery scales; posterior surface with pair of longitudinal furrows containing rows of scales parallel to ventral and dorsal edge; dorsoposterior edge distinct. Mesotibia apically with widened uncus only, premucro absent. Metatibia apically with uncus only, premucro not visible in lateral aspect, possibly transformed into small process on posterior tibial face near tarsal insertion. Abdominal ventrite 2 swollen, posterior edge projecting and with submedian pair of denticles, medially forming shallow cavity with ventrite 1; ventrite 5 dull, microreticulate, punctate, with transversely ovate cavity. Penis (Fig. 2f) with sides of body subparallel; apex with distinct median triangular extension; transfer apparatus long, spiniform, apically bordered by pair of L-shaped sclerites; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus. Female lectotype (Fig. 2a–d). As male except: length 2.63 mm. Rostrum dorsally subglabrous, densely punctate with small punctures. Abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 medially flat; posterior edge of ventrite 2 simple, without pair of denticles; abdominal ventrite 5 flat. Intraspecific variation. Length 2.26–2.73 mm. Mesotibia apically with large uncus and much smaller premucro.

Figure 2 

Trigonopterus albidosparsus (Lea), female lectotype; a Habitus b Terminalia c as mounted originally d original labels.

Trigonopterus albidosparsus (Lea), male; e Habitus f penis.

Type specimens. Female, lectotype by present designation (SAMA): Queensland, Endeavour River (labels Fig. 2d), ARC4033 (PCR failed). Other specimens (ANIC, QMBA, SMNK): 36 exx, ARC3695 (EMBL # LN888180), ARC3696 (EMBL # LN888181), ARC3697 (EMBL # LN888182), Cooktown, Mt. Cook N.P., S15°28.648', E145°15.793', to S15°29.252', E145°15.992', 63-324 m, 24-IV-2014; 31 exx, Cooktown, Mt. Cook N.P., S15°28.648', E145°15.793', to S15°29.252', E145°15.992', 63–245 m, 23-IV-2014; 10 exx, Mt. Cook N.P., S15°29', E145°16', 11-12-X-1980; 1 ex, 1 km SE Mt. Cook, S15°30', E145°16', 13-X-1980.

Queensland: Cooktown.

Beaten from foliage in rainforest.

Lea (1913) did not designate a holotype in the original description, which is based on three syntypes. One syntype labelled “type” could be examined and is here designated as lectotype. The species appears to be confined to the Cooktown area. Numerous specimens from other localities of coastal Queensland, including some identified as T. albidosparsa by Lea, belong to different, closely related species.

Holotype (Fig. 3a). Length 2.34 mm. Color black, antenna ferruginous. Body elongate-ovate, with weak constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile evenly convex. Rostrum with median costa and pair of fine submedian ridges; intervening furrows with rows of white erect scales. Eyes large, in dorsal position, medially approximate. Pronotum with disk subglabrous, densely punctate with minute punctures; sides more densely punctate with larger punctures. Elytra subglabrous, with sparse minute punctures; along base and humeri with row of larger punctures. Legs. Meso- and metafemur dorsally with narrow band of white scales; metafemur with distinct dorsoposterior edge. Tibial apex with uncus and minute premucro. Abdominal ventrites 1-2 and ventrite 5 medially concave. Abdominal venter medially subglabrous, laterally with sparse white scales. Penis (Fig. 3b) with sides of body subparallel; apex with median acute extension; transfer apparatus short, dentiform; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 2.16–2.68 mm. Female rostrum subglabrous, sparsely setose, with submedian rows of punctures; base squamose. Female abdominal ventrites 5 flat.

Figure 3. 

Trigonopterus allaetus sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (ANIC): ARC4240 (PCR failed), Queensland, 8 km E Mt. Tozer, S12°45', E143°17', 08-VII-1986. Paratypes (ANIC, SMNK): Queensland: 1 ex, 3 km ENE Mt. Tozer, S12°45', E143°14', swept from u´growth, 28-VI-04-VII-1986; 6 exx (ARC4241, PCR failed), 9 km ENE of Mt. Tozer, S12°43', E143°17', beating rainforest vegetation, 05-10-VII-1986; 3 exx, 11 km ENE of Mt. Tozer, S12°43', E143°18', 11-16-VII-1986.

Queensland: Iron Range.

Swept and beaten from rainforest vegetation.

This epithet is a combination of the Latin prefix ad- (next to; near) and the specific epithet of T. laetus (Lea), a closely related species.

Holotype (Fig. 4a). Length 2.45 mm. Color black; antenna and tarsi ferruginous. Body elongate, with distinct constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile convex. Rostrum with median costa and pair of submedian costae ending in apical third; intervening furrows with rows of coarse punctures each containing one mesad directed narrow seta; base dorsally protruding, projecting from profile subangularly; epistome posteriorly with transverse ridge. Forehead coarsely punctate-rugose. Pronotum with subapical constriction; disk coarsely punctate; with median costa; punctures each containing one seta, few with white scale. Elytra with striae deeply incised, containing few coarse punctures; intervals costate, sparsely punctate, in basal third partly transversely confluent; with indistinct transverse bands of sparse white scales; base markedly bisinuate. Legs. Femora densely punctate, with transverse band of sparse white scales. Profemur with subbasal callus anteriorly projecting. Tibiae subbasally with dorsal angulation; metatibia with suprauncal denticle. Abdominal ventrites 1 medially concave; abdominal ventrite 2 swollen, especially laterally; ventrite 5 in basal half concave, coarsely punctate. Penis (Fig. 4b) with sides of body weakly diverging to subtruncate apex; transfer apparatus compact, subrotund; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 2.45–2.68 mm.

Figure 4. 

Trigonopterus athertonensis Riedel, sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (ANIC): ARC4041 (PCR failed), Queensland, Mt. Fisher, 7 km SW Millaa Millaa, S17°34', E145°34', 1100 m, rainforest, litter, Q.M. Berlesate No. 409, 27-IV-1982. Paratypes (ANIC, QMBA, SMNK): Queensland: 1 ex, same data as holotype; 2 exx, Mt. Fisher, 7 km SW Millaa Millaa, S17°34', E145°34', 1050 m, rainforest, litter, Q.M. Berlesate No. 412, 27-IV-1982; 1 ex, Mt Fisher, summit, 17°34'S, 145°33'E, rainforest, 1360 m, sieved litter, Berlesate 991, 08-II-1999.

Queensland: Mt. Fisher.

Sifted from leaf litter in primary forest.

This epithet is an adjective based on the name of the Atherton Tablelands, where the species occurs.

Holotype (Fig. 5a). Length 3.28 mm. Color black; legs deep ferruginous to black; antenna lighter ferruginous. Body subovate; in dorsal aspect and in profile with weak constriction between pronotum and elytron. Rostrum in basal half dorsally markedly swollen, punctate-reticulate, densely squamose with white erect scales; subapical third subglabrous, weakly punctate, sparsely setose. Eyes medially approximate. Pronotum subglabrous, with minute punctures; laterally punctures somewhat larger; evenly rounded towards sides; in front of procoxa with acute process. Elytra subglabrous with minute punctures; striae indistinct; basal margin straight, towards sides bordered by row of moderately deep punctures. Femora with anteroventral ridge distinct, rounded basally; at middle with small tooth. Mesofemur and metafemur dorsally densely squamose with white scales; metafemur with distinct dorsoposterior edge. Abdominal ventrites 1-2 medially concave. Abdominal venter medially subglabrous, laterally with sparse white scales. Penis (Fig. 5b) apically subangulate, weakly pointed; transfer apparatus beak-shaped, pointed, directed basad; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 2.98–3.47 mm. Female rostrum in apical 2/3 dorsally flattened, subglabrous, sparsely punctate; basally swollen, with erect white scales.

Figure 5. 

Trigonopterus australinasutus sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (ANIC): ARC4238 (PCR failed), Queensland, 11 km ENE of Mt. Tozer, S12°43', E143°18', 11-16-VII-1986. Paratypes (ANIC, QMBA, SMNK): Queensland: 2 exx, same data as holotype; 5 exx, ARC4239 (PCR failed), 3 km ENE Mt. Tozer, S12°44', E143°14', 28-VI-04-VII-1986; 1 ex, 8 km E by N of Mt. Tozer, S12°44', E143°17', beating rainforest vegetation, 07-VII-1986; 3 exx, 9 km ENE of Mt. Tozer, S12°43', E143°17', 05-10-VII-1986; 1 ex, Claudie R., nr. Iron Rg., under bark, rotten logs, 19-25-VII-1978; Gordon Creek area, Claudie Riv. District, 23-I-1982.

Queensland: Iron Range.

Swept and beaten from rainforest vegetation.

This epithet is a combination of the Latin adjective australis (southern) and the specific epithet of T. nasutus (Pascoe), also an adjective.

This species is closely related to T. nasutus (Pascoe) and T. gibbirostris (Faust) from New Guinea. From the former it can be distinguished by a longer and spiniform transfer apparatus, from the latter by its medially pointed apex of the penis.

Holotype (Fig. 6a). Length 2.78 mm. Color black; antenna and legs ferruginous. Body subovate, in dorsal aspect and in profile with marked constriction between pronotum and elytron. Rostrum punctate-scabrous, in basal third with median ridge and pair of submedian ridges; in front of antennal insertion with median bifid protrusion; punctures containing upcurved narrow scales; epistome posteriorly with curved ridge bearing 4 denticles. Forehead coarsely punctate-rugose. Pronotum with sides subparallel, anteriorly abruptly rounded to indistinct subapical constriction; irregularly foveate-reticulate; each fovea containing one inconspicuous seta; interspaces forming irregular, mainly longitudinal ridges. Elytra converging from humeri to apex; base bisinuate; striae deeply impressed, with coarse punctures; intervals carinate to costate; with sparse subrecumbent scales; sutural interval prominent, near base markedly swollen. Legs. Femora punctate-rugose, with sparse suberect scales. Tibiae subbasally with dorsal angulation; metatibia subapically with suprauncal angulation. Metaventrite subglabrous except deep median furrow. Abdominal ventrite 1 concave; abdominal ventrite 2 posteriorly transversely costate. Penis (Fig. 6b) with sides of body weakly converging from base to subtruncate apex; in profile ventrally with marked subapical swelling; transfer apparatus short, dentiform; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 1.92–3.34 mm. Body usually covered with more or less thick soil incrustations removed in holotype. Female body slender. Female rostrum dorsally somewhat flattened, without protrusion; in basal half with median costa and pair of submedian costae; epistome simple.

Figure 6. 

Trigonopterus australis sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (QMBA): ARC3895 (PCR failed), Queensland, West Claudie R., Iron Range, S12°45', E143°14', sieved litter, Berlesate No. 693, 50 m, 05-XII-1985. Paratypes (ANIC, SMNK): Queensland: 27 exx, 11 km ENE of Mt. Tozer, S12°43', E143°18', rainforest litter, Berlesate ANIC 1065, 11-16-VII-1986; 2 exx, 9 km ENE of Mt. Tozer, S12°43', E143°17', open forest litter, Berlesate ANIC 1061, 05-10-VII-1986; 1 ex, 3 km ENE of Mt. Tozer, S12°44', E143°14', flight intercept trap, rainforest, 28-VI-16-VII-1986; 1 ex, 3 km ENE of Mt. Tozer, S12°44', E143°14', Berlesate ANIC 1052 rainforest litter, 01-04- VII-1986; 3 exx, Claudie R. nr. Iron Rg., 19-25-VII-1978; 3 exx, Iron Ra., S12°45', E143°14', Berlesate ANIC 309, rainforest, 14-VI-1971; 1 ex, Iron Ra., S12°43', E143°48', Berlesate ANIC 308, rainforest, 15-VI-1971; 3 exx, ARC4042 (PCR failed), McIlwraith Range, 8km WbyN of Bald Hill, upper Leo creek site, S13°45', E143°22', berlesate ANIC 1117, leaf litter, closed forest, 500 m, 27-VI-12-VII-1989; 6 exx, McIlwraith Range, 8km WbyN of Bald Hill, mango tree site, S13°45', E143°22', berlesate ANIC 1118, leaf litter, closed forest, 500 m, 27-VI-12-VII-1989; 14 exx, McIlwraith Range, 11km WbyN of Bald Hill, search party campsite, S13°44', E143°20', berlesate ANIC 1107, leaf litter, closed forest, 520 m, 27-VI-12-VII-1989; 1 ex, McIlwraith Range, 15km WNW of Bald Hill, interface site, S13°43', E143°19', berlesate ANIC 1122, leaf litter, monsoon forest with Casuarina & Acacia, 500 m, 27-VI-12-VII-1989.

Queensland: Mc Ilwraith Range, Iron Range.

Sifted from leaf litter in primary forest.

This epithet is the Latin adjective australis (southern) and refers to the continent formerly known as “Terra Australis”, i.e. Australia.

Holotype (Fig. 7a). Length 2.73 mm. Color black; antenna and legs ferruginous. Body subovate, with shallow constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile convex. Rostrum with median ridge and pair of submedian ridges ending in apical third; intervening furrows with rows of coarse punctures each containing one mesad directed seta; base dorsally protruding, markedly projecting from profile subangularly; epistome posteriorly with curved ridge bearing 4 low denticles. Forehead coarsely punctate-rugose. Pronotum with indistinct subapical constriction; disk coarsely punctate-reticulate; with median costa; near middle with pair of very weak swellings, further laterad with clusters of yellow recumbent scales. Elytra with striae deeply incised; intervals costate, microreticulate, with shallow punctures and few scattered recumbent scales; base markedly bisinuate. Legs. Femora densely punctate. Profemur with subbasal callus anteriorly projecting. Tibiae subbasally with dorsal angulation. Abdominal ventrites 1-2 laterally swollen, medially forming common cavity; ventrite 5 punctate, flat. Penis (Fig. 7b) with sides of body weakly converging, at middle with constriction, widening to subtriangular apex; transfer apparatus flagelliform, ca. 1.5× longer than body of penis; ductus ejaculatorius near insertion to transfer apparatus sclerotized, without bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 2.73–3.03 mm.

Figure 7. 

Trigonopterus bisignatus sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (QMBA): ARC3752 (EMBL # LN888232), Queensland, Daintree N.P., NW Mossman, Manjal Jimalji (Devils Thumb) trail, S16°23.571', E145°19.058', sample 2, 377 m, 20-IV-2014. Paratypes (ANIC): Queensland: 1 ex, ARC4053 (PCR failed), Windsor Tableland, 35 km NW Mt. Carbine, 1050 m, rainforest, sieved litter, Berlesate No. 393, 16-IV-1982; 2 exx, ARC4050 (PCR failed), Mossman Gorge N.P., 6 km SW of Mossman, rainforest leaf litter, 50 m, 11-VII-1982.

Queensland: Daintree N.P., Windsor Tableland.

Sifted from leaf litter in primary forest.

This epithet is a combination of the Latin prefix bi- (two) and the participle signatus (marked) and refers to the pair of squamose patches on the pronotum.

Trigonopterus bisignatus Riedel, sp. n. was coded as “Trigonopterus sp. 560”.

Holotype (Fig. 8a). Length 2.88 mm. Color black; antenna and legs ferruginous. Body subovate, with shallow constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile convex. Rostrum with median ridge and pair of submedian ridges ending in apical third; intervening furrows with rows of coarse punctures each containing one mesad directed seta; base dorsally protruding, projecting from profile subangularly; epistome posteriorly with 4 low denticles. Forehead coarsely punctate-rugose. Pronotum with subapical constriction; disk coarsely punctate-rugose; with median costa; submedially punctures confluent forming irregular longitudinal furrows and wrinkles, near middle sparing pair of weak swellings of irregular outline. Elytra with striae deeply incised; intervals costate, sparsely punctate, with few scattered recumbent white scales; base markedly bisinuate. Legs. Femora densely punctate. Profemur with subbasal callus anteriorly projecting. Tibiae subbasally with dorsal angulation; metatibia subapically with suprauncal denticle. Abdominal ventrites 1-2 laterally swollen, medially forming common cavity; ventrite 5 punctate, weakly concave. Penis (Fig. 8b) with sides of body subparallel, apex rounded; behind ostium with pair of sclerites; endophallus with pair of elongate sclerites; transfer apparatus flagelliform, ca. 1.6× longer than body of penis; ductus ejaculatorius near insertion to transfer apparatus sclerotized, this portion longer and thicker than flagellum; without bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 2.60–2.90 mm. Female body more slender. Female rostrum dorsally somewhat flattened; median costa and pair of submedian costae subglabrous; epistome simple. Female abdominal ventrites 1-2 medially flat; ventrite 5 coarsely punctate, basally swollen, apically flat.

Figure 8. 

Trigonopterus bisinuatus sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (QMBA): ARC3736 (EMBL # LN888218), Queensland, Garradunga, Polly Ck., N Innisfail, Hasenpusch property, S17°27.458', E146°01.227', sample 4, 82 m, 16-IV-2014. Paratypes (ANIC, QMBA, SMNK): Queensland: 3 exx, ARC3737 (EMBL # LN888219), ARC3738 (EMBL # LN888220), ARC3739 (EMBL # LN888221), same data as holotype; 7 exx, Garradunga, Polly Ck., N Innisfail, Hasenpusch property, S17°27.388', E146°01.200', sample 1, 70 m, 16-IV-2014; 7 exx, Garradunga, Polly Ck., N Innisfail, Hasenpusch property, S17°27.306', E146°01.214', sample 2, 103 m, 16-IV-2014; 3 exx, Garradunga, Polly Ck., N Innisfail, Hasenpusch property, S17°27.252', E146°01.222', sample 3, 105 m, 16-IV-2014; 22 exx, Garradunga, Polly Ck., N Innisfail, Hasenpusch property, S17°27.458', E146°01.227', sample 4, 82 m, 16-IV-2014; 1 ex Stone Ck (Hasenpusch), 01-XI-1995, 06-II-1996, 100 m, pitfall traps; 4 exx, ARC3719 (EMBL # LN888201), ARC3720 (EMBL # LN888202), ARC3721 (EMBL # LN888203), ARC3722 (EMBL # LN888204), Wooroonooran N.P., Palmerston Highway, K-tree-road, sample 3, 428 m, S17°36.510', E145°46.074', 04-IV-2014; 1 ex, ARC3718 (EMBL # LN888200), Danbulla N.P., Robson´s Creek, S17°07.14', E145°37.92', 700 m, 09-12-IV-2014, ex dung pitfall trap; 3 exx, Graham Range, 550 m, S17°17', E145°58', 01-XI-8-XII-1995, pitfall traps; 3 exx, Graham Range, 01-XI-1995, Berlesate 895, S17°17', E145°58', rainforest, 550 m; 1 ex, Graham Range, 08-XII-1995, Berlesate 901, S17°17', E145°58', rainforest, 550 m; 3 exx, North Bell Peak, 22-XI-1990, Berlesate 845, S17°06', E145°52', rainforest, 600 m; 1 ex, Kauri Creek, 2 km E, S17°08', E145°37', 10-11-II-1999, 680 m, rainforest, dung pitfall, 2191; 1 ex, Mt. Murray Prior, 30-X-1995, Berlesate 894, S16°56', E145°51', rainforest, 770 m, sieved litter; 1 ex ARC4049 (PCR failed), 4 km E Lake Barrine, S17°16', E145°41', ANIC Berlesate 352, rainforest, 01-VII-1971; 1 ex, Eacham N.P., S17°18', E145°37', ANIC Berlesate 435, rainforest, 20-II-1973; 1 ex, Eacham N.P., S17°18', E145°37', 760 m, ANIC Berlesate 437, rainforest, 19-II-1973; 1 ex, Eacham N.P., S17°18', E145°37', 760 m, ANIC Berlesate 484, rainforest, 23-III-1973; 2 exx, 3.2 km SW Little Mulgrave, ANIC Berlesate 263, rainforest, 25-II-1970; 1 ex, Barrine N.P., S17°16', E145°38', ANIC Berlesate 486, 21-III-1975.

Queensland: Atherton Tablelands, Danbulla N.P., Garradunga, Graham Range, Kauri Creek, Mt. Murray Prior, North Bell Peak, Wooroonooran N.P.

Sifted from leaf litter in primary forest; occasionally found in pitfall traps.

This epithet is a combination of the Latin prefix bi- (two) and the participle sinuatus (curved) and refers to the outline of the elytral base.

Trigonopterus bisinuatus Riedel, sp. n. was coded as “Trigonopterus sp. 561”.

Holotype (Fig. 9a). Length 2.10 mm. Color of head, legs, and sides of pronotum ferruginous; remainder black. Body subovate, with distinct constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile convex. Rostrum with median ridge and pair of submedian ridges ending in apical third; intervening furrows with rows of mesad directed setae; base dorsally protruding, projecting from profile; epistome posteriorly with transverse ridge. Forehead coarsely punctate-rugose. Pronotum subquadrate; sides subparallel; with distinct subapical constriction; coarsely punctate; each puncture containing one small seta, laterally each with one yellowish scale; with indistinct median ridge. Elytral striae weakly incised, with sparse rows of punctures; intervals costate, with small punctures containing small recumbent cream-colored scales; base bisinuate. Legs. Femora rugose-punctate; with scattered, narrow, cream-colored scales. Tibiae subbasally with dorsal angulation. Abdominal ventrites 1-2 laterally swollen, medially forming common cavity, with coarse punctures; ventrite 5 punctate, weakly concave. Penis (Fig. 9b) with sides of body subparallel; apex subangulate; endophallus with anchor-shaped basal sclerite; transfer apparatus spiniform; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus.

Figure 9. 

Trigonopterus boolbunensis sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (QMBA): ARC3894 (PCR failed), Queensland, Mt. Boolbun South, S15°57', E145°08', 850-1000 m, rainforest, leaf litter, Berlesate 896, 06-XI-1995.

Queensland: Mt. Boolbun.

Sifted from leaf litter in primary forest.

This epithet is an adjective and refers to the name of the type locality, Mt. Boolbun.

Holotype (Fig. 10a). Length 2.95 mm. Color black. Body subovate, almost without constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile evenly convex. Rostrum with median costa and pair of submedian costae dorsally flattened; intervening furrows with rows of silvery scales; apical 1/3 rugose-punctate. Eyes with dorsal margin bordered by furrow. Forehead with sparse coarse punctures. Pronotum with disk punctate; sides with punctures slightly larger; interspaces not microreticulate; base slightly extended towards elytral suture. Elytra with striae marked by rows of minute punctures; along base and humeri with row of large punctures; apex with dense rows of small shallow punctures. Legs. Femora microreticulate, punctate. Metafemur dorsally with elongate patch of dense silvery scales; posterior surface with pair of longitudinal furrows containing rows of scales parallel to ventral and dorsal edge; dorsoposterior edge indistinct. Mesotibia apically with uncus and premucro largely fused, with shallow incision at apex. Metatibia apically with uncus and distinct premucro. Abdominal ventrite 2 swollen, with posterior edge projecting, medially forming common cavity with ventrite 1; ventrite 5 concave, dull, microreticulate, punctate. Penis (Fig. 9b) with sides of body subparallel, weakly converging; apex with median triangular extension confluent with outline of apex; transfer apparatus short, dentiform, apically bordered by pair of L-shaped sclerites; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus.

Figure 10. 

Trigonopterus cooktownensis sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (QMBA): ARC3698 (EMBL # LN888183), Queensland, Cooktown, Mt. Cook N.P., S15°28.648', E145°15.793', to S15°29.252', E145°15.992', 63-245 m, 23-IV-2014. Paratypes (ANIC, SMNK): Queensland: 1 ex, Cooktown, Mt. Cook N.P., S15°29', E145°16', 11-12-X-1980; 1 ex, Cooktown, Mt. Cook N.P., S15°28.648', E145°15.793', to S15°29.252', E145°15.992', 63-324 m, 24-IV-2014.

Queensland (Mt. Cook).

Beaten from foliage of Acacia-dominated forest.

This epithet is an adjective based on the name of the type locality, Cooktown.

Trigonopterus cooktownensis Riedel, sp. n. was coded as “Trigonopterus sp. 566”. It occurs syntopically with T. albidosparsus Lea.

Holotype (Fig. 11a). Length 2.80 mm. Color black; antenna and tarsi ferruginous. Body with marked constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile convex. Rostrum with median costa and pair of submedian costae; intervening furrows with rows of coarse punctures each containing one mesad directed seta; in apical third punctate; base dorsally protruding, projecting from profile subangularly. Forehead coarsely punctate. Pronotum with sides weakly converging, rounded to distinct subapical constriction; disk coarsely punctate; along midline with row of ca. 16 punctures; interspaces microreticulate; with median costa. Elytra cuneiform; from humeri markedly converging to narrow apex; dorsally somewhat flattened; base bisinuate; striae deeply incised; intervals costate, with 1-2 rows of small punctures. Legs. Femora densely punctate. Profemur with subbasal callus anteriorly projecting. Tibiae subbasally with dorsal angulation; metatibia subapically with suprauncal denticle. Abdominal ventrites 1-2 laterally swollen, medially forming common cavity; ventrite 5 coarsely punctate, weakly concave. Penis (Fig. 10b) with sides of body diverging; apex subtruncate, with short median extension; endophallus with pair of elongate sclerites, from ostium almost reaching asymmetrical bell-shaped transfer apparatus; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 2.42–3.05 mm. Body of females subovate. Female rostrum dorsally somewhat flattened; median costa and pair of submedian costae subglabrous.

Figure 11. 

Trigonopterus daintreensis sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (ANIC): ARC4047 (PCR failed), Queensland, Daintree N.P., Noah Beach, S16°09', E145°26', FIT N03F, 10 m, 15-III-07-V-1998. Paratypes (ANIC, SMNK): Queensland: 2 exx, same data as holotype; 1 ex, Noah Beach, S16°09.07', E145°26.45', FIT=4, 10 m, 07-I-09-II-1998; 4 exx, ARC4048 (PCR failed), Noah Beach, S16°09', E145°26', FIT N04F, 10 m, 09-II-15-III-1998.

Queensland: Daintree National Park.

Sifted from leaf litter in primary forest.

This epithet is an adjective based on the name of the type locality, the Daintree National Park.

Holotype (Fig. 12a). Length 2.98 mm. Color black; antenna and legs ferruginous. Body with marked constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile convex. Rostrum in basal half with median costa and pair of submedian costae, intervening furrows with rows of mesad directed setae; in apical third scabrous; epistome posteriorly with transverse ridge; base dorsally weakly protruding, weakly projecting from profile. Forehead coarsely punctate. Pronotum subquadrate, sides weakly converging, apex subtruncate; disk punctate-reticulate; interspaces between punctures narrow, partly broken away; along midline with row of ca. 20-23 punctures; in anterior half with median ridge bordered by pair of shallow depressions. Elytra cuneiform; from humeri markedly converging to narrow apex; dorsally flattened; base bisinuate; striae deeply incised; intervals costate, punctate with small punctures. Legs. Femora densely punctate. Profemur with subbasal callus anteriorly projecting. Tibiae subbasally with dorsal angulation. Abdominal ventrites 1 laterally swollen, medially concave, with course punctures; abdominal ventrite 2 swollen; ventrite 5 densely punctate, weakly concave. Penis (Fig. 12b) with sides of body subparallel; apex subangulate; transfer apparatus funnel-shaped, with asymmetrical extension on one side; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus.

Figure 12. 

Trigonopterus deplanatus sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (QMBA): ARC3893 (PCR failed), Queensland, Cairns, Mt. Williams, S16°55', E145°40', 850 m, rainforest, sieved litter, Berlesate 868, 03-XII-1993.

Queensland: Mt. Williams.

Sifted from leaf litter in primary forest.

This epithet is based on the Latin participle deplanatus (levelled) and refers to the dorsally flattened body.

Male (ARC3662; Fig. 13e). Length 3.19 mm. Color black. Body subovate, almost without constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile evenly convex. Rostrum with median costa and pair of submedian ridges; intervening furrows with rows of white scales; apical 1/3 rugose-punctate. Eyes with dorsal margin bordered by furrow. Forehead sparsely punctate. Pronotum with disk densely punctate with small punctures; interspaces not microreticulate; sides foveate; base medially weakly extended towards elytral suture. Elytra subglabrous, striae marked by very shallow lines; along base and humeri with row of large punctures; apex with dense rows of small shallow punctures. Legs. Femora microreticulate, punctate. Metafemur dorsally with elongate patch of dense white scales; posterior surface with ventral edge rimmed by costa and row of scales, with longitudinal furrow containing row of scales parallel to indistinct dorsoposterior edge. Mesotibia apically with uncus and larger premucro fused in basal half, diverging in apical half. Metatibia apically with uncus and small angular premucro. Abdominal ventrite 2 swollen, with posterior edge projecting, medially forming common cavity with ventrite 1; ventrite 5 concave, dull, microreticulate, punctate. Penis (Fig. 13f) with sides of body subparallel; apex with median triangular extension somewhat confluent with outline of apex; transfer apparatus short, dentiform, bordered by S-shaped sclerites; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus. Female lectotype (Fig. 13a–d). As male except: length 2.56 mm. Rostrum punctate-rugose, with weak median costa. Mesotibia apically with large uncus and much smaller premucro. Terminalia (Fig. 12b) with styli wide.

Figure 13. 

Trigonopterus evanidus (Pascoe), female lectotype; a Habitus b Terminalia c as mounted originally d original labels.

Trigonopterus evanidus (Pascoe), male; e Habitus f Penis.

Type specimens. Female, lectotype by present designation (BMNH): Queensland, Wide Bay (labels Fig. 12d), ARC4080 (PCR failed). Other specimens (QMBA, SMNK): Queensland: 1 ex, ARC3660 (EMBL # LN888164), Brisbane, St. Lucia, S27°30.033', E152°59.562', 27 m, hand-collected from Mallotus leaves, 20-XI-2013; 2 exx, ARC3661 (EMBL # LN888165), ARC3662 (EMBL # LN888166), Brisbane, St. Lucia, S27°30.033', E152°59.562', 27 m, hand-collected from Mallotus leaves, 23-XI-2013; 1 ex, ARC3862 (EMBL # LN888246), Ventnor Site 1, FIT trap, S24°53.58', E151°19.98', 475 m, 01-X-05-XII-2013.

Queensland: Brisbane.

Collected from foliage in gardens and forests.

The lectotype here designated has a circular label reading “Holotype” fixed to its pin by staff of the BMNH, but Pascoe (1872) did not designate a holotype in the original description nor specify the number of specimens examined. As other syntypes may exist, we here designate the one in the BMNH as the lectotype to ensure stability of nomenclature in case additional syntypes are discovered that belong to different species.

Holotype (Fig. 14a). Length 2.98 mm. Color black, elytra orange-ferruginous. Body subovate, almost without constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile evenly convex. Rostrum dorsally sparsely punctate, with pair of shallow sublateral furrows containing sparse rows of mesad-directed scales. Eyes with dorsal margin weakly carinate, bordered by furrow. Forehead with sparse minute punctures. Pronotum with disk subglabrous, with minute punctures; sides above coxa with scattered coarse punctures; base medially weakly extended towards elytral suture. Elytra subglabrous; along base and humeri with sparse row of large, shallow punctures; apex with scattered shallow punctures. Legs. Femora weakly microreticulate, with small punctures. Metafemur dorsally with elongate patch of dense silvery scales; posterior surface with pair of longitudinal furrows containing rows of indistinct scales parallel to ventral and dorsal edge; dorsoposterior edge indistinct. Mesotibia apically with uncus and larger premucro approximate at base, not fused, widely diverging. Metatibia apically with uncus and angular premucro. Abdominal ventrite 2 swollen, with posterior edge projecting, medially forming common cavity with ventrite 1; ventrite 5 weakly concave, subglabrous, dull, with sparse minute punctures. Penis (Fig. 14b) with sides of body subparallel, weakly concave; apex with median triangular extension confluent with outline of apex; transfer apparatus short, spiniform, apically bordered by pair of P-shaped sclerites; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 2.46–2.98 mm. Female rostrum dorsally subglabrous, densely punctate with small punctures. Mesotibia apically with large uncus and much smaller premucro. Female abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 medially flat; female abdominal ventrite 5 flat.

Figure 14. 

Trigonopterus finniganensis sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (QMBA): ARC3702 (EMBL # LN888184), Queensland, Mt. Finnigan, ascent from Shiptons Flat, S15°49.043', E145°16.780', 1055 m, 28-IV-2014. Paratypes (QMBA, SMNK): 3 exx, ARC3703 (EMBL # LN888185), ARC3704 (EMBL # LN888186), ARC3705 (EMBL # LN888187), same data as holotype; 2 exx, 3.5 km NNE Mt. Spurgeon, 16°24', S 145°13', E, 16-X-1991, Pyrethrum, trees & rocks; 2 exx, Mt. Finnigan Summit, via Helenvale, 03-05-XII-1990, 1050 m.

Queensland (Mt. Finnigan, Mt. Spurgeon).

Beaten from foliage of montane sclerophyll shrubland.

This epithet is an adjective based on the name of the type locality, Mt. Finnigan.

Trigonopterus finniganensis Riedel, sp. n. was coded as “Trigonopterus sp. 565”.

Holotype (Fig. 15a). Length 1.92 mm. Color ferruginous; pronotum dark ferruginous, almost black. Body subovate, with marked constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile weakly convex. Rostrum with median ridge and pair of submedian ridges; intervening furrows with rows of coarse punctures each containing one mesad directed scale; epistome posteriorly with angulate ridge bearing 4 denticles. Forehead coarsely punctate-rugose. Pronotum with distinct subapical constriction; disk foveate-reticulate; each fovea containing one brown scales; sublaterally few scales widened and cream-colored; with irregular median costa. Elytra with striae deeply incised; intervals costate, subglabrous, with sparse recumbent scales; few scales almond-shaped, cream-colored; base weakly bisinuate. Legs. Femora punctate-rugose, with sparse recumbent scales. Tibiae subbasally with dorsal angulation; metatibia subapically with suprauncal denticle. Abdominal venter with coarse punctures containing upcurved clavate scales; ventrite 5 basally with transverse ridge. Penis (Fig. 15b) with sides of body weakly converging, pointed apex extended, curved ventrad; endophallus denticulate, with pair of lyriform sclerites; transfer apparatus long, spiniform; ductus ejaculatorius near insertion to transfer apparatus sclerotized, without bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 1.92–2.20 mm. Female body slender. Female rostrum dorsally somewhat flattened; with median costa and pair of submedian costae; epistome simple.

Figure 15. 

Trigonopterus fraterculus sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (ANIC): ARC4043 (PCR failed), Queensland, 11 km ENE of Mt. Tozer, S12°43', E143°18', rainforest litter, Berlesate ANIC 1062, 11-16-VII-1986. Paratypes (ANIC, SMNK): Queensland: 2 exx, same data as holotype; 1 ex, 9 km ENE of Mt. Tozer, S12°43', E143°17', open forest litter, Berlesate ANIC 1061, 05-10-VII-1986.

Queensland: Iron Range.

Sifted from leaf litter in primary forest.

This epithet is based on the Latin noun fraterculus (younger brother) and refers to its presumably close phylogenetic relationship to the larger species T. australis Riedel, sp. n..

Holotype (Fig. 16a). Length 3.28 mm. Color black; antenna and legs ferruginous. Body subovate, with marked constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile convex. Rostrum with median ridge and pair of submedian ridges ending in apical third; intervening furrows with rows of coarse punctures each containing one mesad directed seta; base dorsally protruding, markedly projecting from profile subangularly; epistome posteriorly with angulate ridge bearing 4 denticles. Forehead coarsely punctate-rugose. Pronotum with subapical constriction; disk coarsely punctate-reticulate; with median costa; near middle with pair of weak swellings, further laterad with clusters of sparse yellow recumbent scales. Elytra with striae deeply incised; intervals costate, punctate, with few scattered recumbent scales; sutural interval narrow, below level of interval 2; base markedly bisinuate. Legs. Femora densely punctate. Profemur with subbasal callus anteriorly projecting. Tibiae subbasally with dorsal angulation; metatibia in apical third with blunt suprauncal projection. Abdominal ventrites 1-2 laterally swollen, medially forming common cavity; ventrite 5 punctate, weakly concave. Penis (Fig. 16b) with sides of body weakly converging, in apical third with constriction, apex rounded; transfer apparatus flagelliform, ca. 1.2× longer than body of penis; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 2.97–3.28 mm. Female rostrum dorsally somewhat flattened; median costa and pair of submedian costae subglabrous; epistome simple. Female abdominal ventrites 1-2 medially flat; ventrite 5 coarsely punctate, basally swollen, apically flat.

Figure 16. 

Trigonopterus garradungensis sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (QMBA): ARC3732 (EMBL # LN888214), Queensland, Garradunga, Polly Ck., N Innisfail, Hasenpusch property, S17°27.458', E146°01.227', sample 4, 82 m, 16-IV-2014. Paratypes (QMBA, SMNK): Queensland: 3 exx, ARC3733 (EMBL # LN888215), ARC3734 (EMBL # LN888216), ARC3735 (EMBL # LN888217), same data as holotype; 2 exx, Garradunga, Polly Ck., N Innisfail, Hasenpusch property, S17°27.388', E146°01.200', sample 1, 70 m, 16-IV-2014; 3 exx, Garradunga, Polly Ck., N Innisfail, Hasenpusch property, S17°27.306', E146°01.214', sample 2, 103 m, 16-IV-2014; 1 ex, Garradunga, Polly Ck., N Innisfail, Hasenpusch property, S17°27.458', E146°01.227', sample 4, 82 m, 16-IV-2014.

Queensland: Garradunga.

Sifted from leaf litter in primary forest.

This epithet is an adjective based on the name of the type locality, Garradunga.

Trigonopterus garradungensis Riedel, sp. n. was coded as “Trigonopterus sp. 559”.

Holotype (Fig. 17a). Length 3.22 mm. Color black; antenna and tarsi ferruginous. Body subrhomboid, with marked constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile convex. Rostrum with median ridge and pair of submedian ridges; intervening furrows with rows of coarse punctures each containing one mesad directed seta; base dorsally protruding, markedly projecting from profile subangularly; epistome posteriorly with subangulate ridge. Forehead coarsely punctate-rugose. Pronotum with sides converging to apex, almost without subapical constriction; foveate-reticulate; each fovea containing one inconspicuous seta; interspaces subglabrous. Elytra cuneiform, from broad rounded humeri markedly converging to narrow apex; base bisinuate; striae deeply incised; intervals costate, with 1-2 rows of small punctures; sutural interval subglabrous except few punctures near base; intervals 2-5 behind middle with inconspicuous transverse patches of narrow recumbent scales. Legs. Femora densely punctate. Profemur with subbasal callus anteriorly projecting. Tibiae subbasally with dorsal angulation; pro- and metatibia subapically with suprauncal denticle. Abdominal ventrites 1-2 laterally swollen, medially forming common cavity; ventrite 5 coarsely punctate, weakly concave. Penis (Fig. 17b) with sides of body subparallel; apex subtruncate; endophallus with pair of subtriangular sclerites; transfer apparatus flagelliform; ductus ejaculatorius with distinct bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 2.59–3.22 mm. Body in smaller specimens and females more slender. Female rostrum dorsally somewhat flattened; median ridge and pair of submedian costae subglabrous; epistome simple. Female abdominal ventrite 5 flat.

Figure 17. 

Trigonopterus hasenpuschi sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (QMBA): ARC3723 (EMBL # LN888205), Queensland, Mission Beach, Clump Mt. N.P., Bicton Hill, S17°50.499', E146°05.905', sample 1, 150 m, 15-IV-2014. Paratypes (QMBA, SMNK): Queensland: 3 exx, ARC3724 (EMBL # LN888206), ARC3725 (EMBL # LN888207), ARC3726 (EMBL # LN888208), same data as holotype; 2 exx, ARC3740 (EMBL # LN888222), ARC3741 (EMBL # LN888223), Garradunga, Polly Ck., N Innisfail, Hasenpusch property, S17°27.388', E146°01.200', sample 1, 70 m, 16-IV-2014; 1 ex, Garradunga, Polly Ck., N Innisfail, Hasenpusch property, S17°27.306', E146°01.214', sample 2, 103 m, 16-IV-2014; 2 exx, Garradunga, Polly Ck., N Innisfail, Hasenpusch property, S17°27.252', E146°01.222', sample 3, 105 m, 16-IV-2014; 1 ex, ARC3731 (EMBL # LN888213), Garradunga, Polly Ck., N Innisfail, Hasenpusch property, S17°27.458', E146°01.227', sample 4, 82 m, 16-IV-2014; 3 exx, Stone Ck. (Hasenpusch), 01-XI-1995-06-II-1996, 100 m, pitfall traps, S17°28', E146°01'; 2 exx, Kirrama Range, 09-XII-1986, Berlesate 730, S18°10', E145°45', rainforest, 700 m, sieved litter; 1 ex, Cardwell range, Upper Broadwater Ck. Valley, 18-XII-1986-14-I-1987, 750 m, RF, Pitfall Traps.

Queensland: Mission Beach, Cardwell Range, Kirrama Range, Garradunga.

Sifted from leaf litter in primary forest.

This species is named in honor of Jack Hasenpusch (Garradunga), who preserves the habitat of this and other Trigonopterus species on his insect farm.

Trigonopterus hasenpuschi Riedel, sp. n. was coded as “Trigonopterus sp. 554”.

Holotype (Fig. 18a). Length 2.14 mm. Color black; antenna and legs ferruginous. Body subglobose, with shallow constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile convex. Rostrum with median ridge and pair of submedian ridges; intervening furrows with rows of mesad directed setae; base dorsally protruding, markedly projecting from profile; epistome posteriorly with transverse ridge. Forehead coarsely punctate-rugose. Pronotum broad, with sides weakly converging to apex, with distinct subapical constriction; punctate-reticulate; with sparse, narrow, cream-colored scales; in anterior half with indistinct median ridge. Elytra with striae marked by isolated foveae; intervals costate; with sparse, recumbent, cream-colored scales; base bisinuate. Legs. Femora densely punctate. Tibiae subbasally with dorsal angulation. Abdominal ventrites 1-2 foveate; ventrite 1 concave; ventrite 2 swollen, transversely costate; ventrite 5 subbasally with shallow impression. Penis (Fig. 18b) with sides of body subparallel; apex rounded; endophallus with pair of elongate sclerites; transfer apparatus short, spiniform; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 1.90–2.40 mm. Female body subovate. Female rostrum dorsally somewhat flattened; in apical half with submedian rows of punctures; near base with median costa and pair of submedian costae; epistome simple.

Figure 18. 

Trigonopterus hartleyensis sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (QMBA): ARC3762 (EMBL # LN888239), Queensland, Cedar Bay N.P., road between Rossville and Bloomfield, S15°47.510', E145°18.141', sample 2-B, 322 m, 01-V-2014. Paratypes (ANIC, QMBA, SMNK): Queensland: 2 exx, ARC3763 (EMBL # LN888240), same data as holotype; 11 exx, ARC3764 (EMBL # LN888241), ARC3765 (EMBL # LN888242), ARC3766 (EMBL # LN888243), 2.5 km W Mt. Hartley, near Rossville – Bloomfield-road, S15°47.071', E145°18.701', sample 1, 649 m, 01-V-2014; 1 ex, Cedar Bay N.P., road between Rossville and Bloomfield, S15°47.510', E145°18.141', sample 2, 322 m, 29-IV-2014; 5 exx, 2.5 km W Mt. Hartley, near Rossville – Bloomfield-road, S15°47.393', E145°18.348', sample 3, 419 m, 01-V-2014; 1 ex, Big Tableland, 740 m, 20-XII-1990-08-I-1991, flight intercept trap, S15°43', E145°17'; 1 ex, 2.5 km S Mt. Hartley, 08-XII-1993-02-II-1994, pitfalls, S15°47', E145°19'; 7 exx, Mt Hartley, 30 km S Cooktown, 760 m, SBP62, rainforest litter, 03-VII-1982; 4 exx, Mt. Finnigan, 30 km S Cooktown, 400 m, litter and fungi, rainforest, 01-VII-1982; 2 exx, Mt. Finnigan, 30 km S Cooktown, 400 m, moist litter pockets rainforest, 03-VII-1982; 1 ex, Moses Ck, 4 km NbyE of Mt. Finnigan, Berlesate ANIC 696, sieved rainforest litter, 14-16-X-1980.

Queensland: Surroundings of Mt. Hartley.

Sifted from leaf litter in primary forest.

This epithet is an adjective based on the name of the type locality, Mt. Hartley.

Trigonopterus hartleyensis Riedel, sp. n. was coded as “Trigonopterus sp. 555”.

Holotype (Fig. 19a). Length 3.19 mm. Color black; antenna and legs ferruginous. Body subovate, with shallow constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile convex. Rostrum with median ridge and pair of submedian ridges ending in apical third; intervening furrows with rows of coarse punctures each containing one mesad directed seta; base dorsally protruding, markedly projecting from profile subangularly; epistome posteriorly with curved ridge bearing 4 denticles. Forehead coarsely punctate-rugose. Pronotum with subapical constriction; disk coarsely punctate-reticulate; with median costa; near middle with pair of weak swellings, further laterad with clusters of sparse yellow recumbent scales. Elytra with striae deeply incised; intervals costate, microreticulate, punctate, with few scattered recumbent scales; base markedly bisinuate. Legs. Femora densely punctate. Profemur with subbasal callus anteriorly projecting. Tibiae subbasally with dorsal angulation; metatibia in apical third with blunt suprauncal projection. Abdominal ventrites 1-2 laterally swollen, medially forming common cavity; ventrite 5 punctate, weakly concave. Penis (Fig. 19b) with sides of body weakly converging, in apical third with constriction, apex rounded; transfer apparatus flagelliform, ca. 3.0× longer than body of penis; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 2.97–3.19 mm. Female body more slender, surface more polished. Female rostrum dorsally somewhat flattened; median costa and pair of submedian costae subglabrous; epistome simple. Female abdominal ventrites 1-2 medially flat; ventrite 5 coarsely punctate, basally swollen, apically flat.

Figure 19. 

Trigonopterus kurandensis sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (QMBA): ARC3711 (EMBL # LN888193), Queensland, Kuranda N.P., Saddle Mountain Road, S16°49.094', E145°39.712', sample 2, 637 m, 31-III-2014. Paratypes (ANIC, QMBA, SMNK): Queensland: 10 exx, ARC3710 (EMBL # LN888192), ARC3712 (EMBL # LN888194), ARC3713 (EMBL # LN888195), same data as holotype; 2 exx, Kuranda N.P., Saddle Mountain Road, S16°49.106', E145°39.759', sample 1, 637 m, 31-III-2014; 1 ex, ARC4052 (PCR failed), Kuranda, Black Mt. Rd., S17°47', E145°39', rainforest, sieved litter, Q.M. Berlesate No. 223, 360 m, 09-VI-1980; 4 km W of Kuranda, S16°49', E145°36', ANIC Berlesate 340, 450 m, 27-VI-1971.

Queensland: Kuranda.

Sifted from leaf litter in primary forest.

This epithet is an adjective based on the name of Kuranda, the type locality.

Trigonopterus kurandensis Riedel, sp. n. was coded as “Trigonopterus sp. 558”.

Lectotype (Fig. 20a, c). Length 2.30 mm. Color black, legs and antenna dark ferruginous. Body subovate, with constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile with shallow constriction. Rostrum with median ridge and pair of submedian ridges; intervening furrows with rows of white scales; apical 1/3 rugose-punctate. Eyes large, in dorsal position. Pronotum with disk punctate; sides more densely punctate with slightly larger punctures. Elytra subglabrous; along base and humeri with row of large punctures; subapically with sparse small punctures. Legs. Meso- and metafemur dorsally with narrow band of white scales; anteroventral ridge of femora weakly crenulate, terminating 1/3 before apex with minute denticle. Tibial apex with uncus, without premucro. Abdominal ventrite 2 posteriorly forming edge; medially forming common cavity with ventrite 1; ventrite 5 weakly concave, almost flat, nude, microreticulate, sparsely punctate. Penis (Fig. 20b) with sides of body subparallel; apex broadly subangulate; body containing two pairs of lyriform sclerites; transfer apparatus short, dentiform; ductus ejaculatorius near insertion to transfer apparatus swollen, subapically with very indistinct bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 1.96–2.30 mm. Female rostrum subglabrous, with submedian rows of punctures. Female abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 convex, medially flat.

Figure 20. 

Trigonopterus laetus (Lea), male lectotype; a Habitus b Penis c as mounted originally d original labels.

Type specimens. Male, lectotype by present designation (Fig. 20) (SAMA): Queensland, Endeavour River (labels Fig. 20e), ARC4038 (PCR failed). Female, paralectotype (SAMA), same data as lectotype; 1 paralectotype (ANIC – permanent loan from Macleay Museum), Sue Island. Other specimens (ANIC, QMBA, SMNK): Queensland: 1 ex, 44 km N of Cairns, beating shrubs, 10-XII-1982; 3 exx, ARC1672 (EMBL # LN888161), ARC1673 (EMBL # LN888162), ARC1674 (EMBL # LN888163), Cooktown, Jensen´s Xing, Pyrethrum, trees & logs, RF, S15°26', E145°07', 20 m, 19-22-X-2008; 1 ex, ARC3692 (EMBL # LN888179), Cooktown, Mt. Cook N.P., S15°28.648', E145°15.793', to S15°29.252', E145°15.992', 63-324 m, 24-IV-2014; 2 exx, Cooktown, Mt. Cook N.P., S15°29', E145°16',11-12-X-1980; 1 ex, Mt. Webb N.P., S15°04', E145°07', ex malaise trap, 27-30-IV-1981; 1 ex, Mt. Webb N.P., S15°04', E145°07', 28-30-IX-1980; 2 exx, Mt. Webb N.P., S15°04', E145°07', 30-IX-1980; 3 exx, Mt. Webb N.P., S15°04', E145°07', 27-30-IV-1981; 3 exx, Mt. Webb N.P., S15°04', E145°07', 29-IX-1980; 3 exx, 11 km ENE of Mt. Tozer, S12°43', E143°18', beating rainforest vegetation, 11-16-VII-1986; 9 exx, 9 km ENE of Mt. Tozer, S12°43', E143°17', beating rainforest vegetation, 05-10-VII-1986; 4 exx, 3 km ENE of Mt. Tozer, S12°44', E143°14', beating, 11-16-VII-1986; 1 ex, 3 km ENE of Mt. Tozer, S12°44', E143°14', 01-04-VII-1986; 1 ex, 8 km E by N of Mt. Tozer, S12°44', E143°17', beating rainforest vegetation, 07-VII-1986; 1 ex, 15 km NE by E Heathlands, sweeping, S11°41', E142°42', 15-26-I-1992; 1 ex: West Claudie River, 4 km SW road junction, 12°44', S 143°15', E, 11-XII-1986, malaise; 1 ex, 3 km E Lockerbie, Cape York, Pyrethrum on logs, Rf, 19-23-III-1987; 2 exx, Bamaga, XII-1983.

Queensland: Cooktown, Mt. Webb N.P., Heathlands N.P., Iron Range N.P., Lockerbie Scrub.

Beaten from foliage in rainforest.

Lea (1913) did not designate a holotype in the original description nor specify the number of specimens examined. The original description is based on more than one specimen. One pair with the male marked “TY” and one syntype from Sue Island could be examined, but other specimens may exist. The male is here designated as lectotype.

Holotype (Fig. 21a). Length 3.03 mm. Color ferruginous. Body elongate-subovate, with distinct constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile convex. Rostrum with median ridge and pair of submedian ridges ending in apical third; intervening furrows with rows of coarse punctures each containing one mesad directed narrow ochre scale; base dorsally protruding, projecting from profile subangularly; epistome posteriorly with indistinct irregular ridge. Forehead coarsely punctate-rugose. Pronotum with distinct subapical constriction; disk coarsely punctate-reticulate; with median costa; punctures each containing one narrow scale of ochre or white color. Elytra with striae deeply incised; intervals costate-carinate, with dense rows of punctures; punctures containing each one ochre or white narrow scale; base markedly bisinuate. Legs. Femora densely punctate, with sparse ochre scales, with transverse band of larger white scales. Profemur with subbasal callus anteriorly projecting. Tibiae subbasally with dorsal angulation; metatibia with suprauncal tooth. Abdominal ventrites 1-2 laterally swollen, medially forming common cavity, with coarse punctures; ventrite 5 medially concave, laterally swollen and with ochre elongate scales. Penis (Fig. 21b) with sides of body subparallel, subapically converging to subtruncate apex; endophallus with large X-shaped sclerite; complex transfer apparatus compact; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 2.58–3.19 mm. Body of females shorter. Female rostrum basally with median costa and pair of submedian costae; in apical half subglabrous, punctate; epistome simple. Female abdominal ventrites 1-2 medially flat; ventrite 5 flat.

Figure 21. 

Trigonopterus lewisensis sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (ANIC): ARC4045 (PCR failed), Queensland, Mt. Lewis Rd. via Julatten, 1000 m, rainforest, intercept trap, 11-XI-25-XII-1987. Paratypes (ANIC, SMNK): Queensland: 2 exx, same data as holotype; 1 ex, Mt. Lewis Rd. via Julatten, 1000 m, rainforest, intercept trap, 13-IX-10-X-1987; 1 ex, Mt. Lewis Rd. via Julatten, 1000 m, rainforest, intercept trap, 10-X-11-XI-1987; 1 ex, Mt. Lewis Rd. via Julatten, 01-XII-1975.

Queensland: Mt. Lewis Road.

Sifted from leaf litter in primary forest.

This epithet is an adjective based on the name of the type locality, Mt. Lewis.

Holotype (Fig. 22a). Length 3.25 mm. Color ferruginous. Body elongate, with distinct constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile convex. Rostrum with median ridge and pair of submedian ridges ending in apical third; intervening furrows with rows of coarse punctures each containing one mesad directed narrow scale; base dorsally protruding, gently projecting from profile; epistome posteriorly with 4 denticles. Forehead coarsely punctate-rugose. Pronotum with distinct subapical constriction; disk coarsely punctate-reticulate; with median costa; uneven, near middle with pair of weak swellings; punctures each containing one narrow scale of ochre or white color. Elytra with striae deeply incised, containing coarse punctures; intervals costate, punctate, in basal half partly transversely confluent; punctures containing small ochre scales or larger white scales; base markedly bisinuate. Legs. Femora densely punctate, with sparse scales. Profemur with subbasal callus anteriorly projecting. Tibiae subbasally denticulate; metatibia with suprauncal tooth. Abdominal ventrites 1-2 laterally swollen, medially forming common cavity, with coarse punctures; ventrite 5 in basal half concave, coarsely punctate. Penis (Fig. 22b) with sides of body subparallel, widened to subangulate apex; transfer apparatus compact, with pair of triangular sclerites; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 3.16–3.25 mm. Color ferruginous (ht, 1 pt), or black except tarsi and antenna ferruginous (1 pt). Female rostrum basally with median costa and pair of submedian costae; in apical half subglabrous, punctate; epistome simple. Female abdominal ventrites 1-2 medially flat; ventrite 5 flat.

Figure 22. 

Trigonopterus montanus sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (ANIC): ARC4040 (PCR failed), Queensland, Bellenden Ker Range, Summit TV Stn., S17°16', E145°51', 1560 m, rainforest, litter, Q.M. Berlesate No. 565, 29-IV-02-V-1983. Paratypes (ANIC, SMNK): Queensland: 2 exx, same data as holotype.

Queensland: Mt. Bellenden Ker.

Sifted from leaf litter in primary forest.

This epithet is based on the adjective montanus (belonging to a mountain) and refers to the isolated occurrence of the species on the summit of Mt. Bellenden Ker.

Holotype (Fig. 23a). Length 3.22 mm. Color black; antenna and tarsi ferruginous. Body subrhomboid, with marked constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile convex. Rostrum with median ridge and pair of submedian ridges; intervening furrows with rows of coarse punctures each containing one mesad directed seta; base dorsally protruding, markedly projecting from profile subangularly; epistome posteriorly with transverse ridge. Forehead coarsely punctate-rugose. Pronotum with sides converging to apex, almost without subapical constriction; foveate-reticulate; each fovea containing one inconspicuous seta; interspaces subglabrous, weakly microreticulate. Elytra cuneiform, from broad rounded humeri markedly converging to narrow apex; base bisinuate; surface microreticulate; striae deeply incised, narrow; intervals flat to weakly costate, with 1-2 rows of small punctures; sutural interval subglabrous except few punctures near base; intervals 2-5 behind middle with inconspicuous transverse patches of narrow recumbent scales. Legs. Femora densely punctate. Profemur with subbasal callus anteriorly projecting. Tibiae subbasally with dorsal angulation; pro- and metatibia subapically with suprauncal denticle. Abdominal ventrites 1-2 laterally swollen, medially forming common cavity; ventrite 5 coarsely punctate, weakly concave. Penis (Fig. 23b) with sides of body subparallel; apex subtruncate; endophallus with pair of subtriangular sclerites; transfer apparatus long spiniform; ductus ejaculatorius with distinct bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 2.04–3.53 mm. Female rostrum dorsally somewhat flattened; median ridge and pair of submedian costae subglabrous; epistome simple. Female abdominal ventrite 5 flat.

Figure 23. 

Trigonopterus monteithi sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (QMBA): ARC3717 (EMBL # LN888199), Queensland, Kuranda, Saddle Mountain Road, S16°48.836', E145°39.580', sample 3, 586 m, 31-III-2014. Paratypes (QMBA, SMNK): Queensland: 1 ex, ARC3716 (EMBL # LN888198), same data as holotype; 2 exx, ARC3714 (EMBL # LN888196), ARC3715 (EMBL # LN888197), Kuranda, Saddle Mountain Road, S16°49.094', E145°39.712', sample 2, 637 m, 31-III-2014; 1 ex, 30 km N Kuranda, Black Mt. Rd., rainforest, leafmold, ANIC Berlesate 165, 04-XI-1969; 1 ex, Kuranda, Black Mt. Rd., S16°44', E145°34', 350 m, rainforest, ANIC Berlesate 339, 27-VI-1971; 1 ex, Davies Ck road, 20 km ESE Mareeba, 04-13-XII-88, 750 m, flight intercept trap; 1 ex, 9.6 km S Redlynch, Crystal Cascades, leaf litter, ANIC Berlesate 277, 30-IV-1970; 1 ex, Mt. Formartine South, 24-XI-1990, Berlesate 848, E145°37', S16°43', rainforest, 700 m, sieved litter; 2 exx, ARC3750 (EMBL # LN888230), ARC3751 (EMBL # LN888231), Daintree N.P., NW Mossman, Manjal Jimalji (Devils Thumb) trail, S16°23.571', E145°19.058', sample 2, 377 m, 20-IV-2014; 2 exx, ARC3746 (EMBL # LN888228), Cape Tribulation, Mt. Sorrow track, S16°04.789', E145°27.948', sample 1, 150 m, 09-IV-2014; 2 exx, ARC3745 (EMBL # LN888227), Cape Tribulation, Mt. Sorrow track, S16°04.579', E145°27.081', sample 6, 283 m, 10-IV-2014; 2 exx, ARC3747 (EMBL # LN888229), Cape Tribulation, Mt. Sorrow track, S16°04.695', E145°27.690', sample 7, 234 m, 10-IV-2014; 1 ex, 1,5 km NW of Cape Tribulation, site 1, S16°05', E145°28', Berlesate 480, 0 m, rainforest, sieved litter, 02-X-1982; 1 ex, 1,5 km NW of Cape Tribulation, site 1, Berlesate 445, S16°05', E145°28', 0 m, rainforest, sieved litter, 03-X-1982; 3 exx, 2.0 km W of Cape Tribulation, site 4, S16°05', E145°28', 200 m, Berlesate 429, sieved litter, rainforest, 25-IX-1982; 1 ex, 3.0 km W of Cape Tribulation, site 6, S16°05', E145°27', 500 m, Berlesate 422, rainforest, sieved litter, 19-IX-1982; 1 ex, 1.5 km W of Cape Tribulation, site 3, 150 m, baited flight trap, RF, 19-IX-1982; 2 exx, 2.5 km W of Cape Tribulation, site 5, S16°05', E145°27', 180 m, Berlesate 533, rainforest, sieved litter, 21-IV-1983; 1 ex, 2.5 km W of Cape Tribulation, site 5, S16°05', E145°27', 180 m, Berlesate 502, rainforest, sieved litter, 02-I-1983; 4 exx, Cape Tribulation, 49 km N of Daintree, 10 m, rainforest leaf and log litter, SBP 75, 12-VII-1982; 1 ex, Cape Tribulation, 49 km N of Daintree, 200 m, rainforest leaf litter, SBP 77, 14-VII-1982; 2 exx, Cape Tribulation, 10 m, rainforest streamside flood litter, SBP 79, 14-VII-1982; 1 ex, Table Mtn 10 km S of Cape Tribulation, S16°09', E145°26', 320 m, rainforest, sieved litter, 24-IV-1983; 1 ex, 2.0 km W of Cape Tribulation, site 4, S16°05', E145°28', 200 m, rainforest, sieved litter, 25-IX-1982; 1 ex, Cape Tribulation Area, S16°03', to S16°05', E145°28', 200 m, Winkler ANIC 1234 leaf and log litter, 01-11-V-1992; 3 exx, Thornton Range, S16°15', E145°26', 150 m, Berlesate ANIC 327, rainforest, 23-VI-1971; 2 exx, Thornton Range, S16°14', E145°26', 100 m, Berlesate ANIC 325, rainforest, 23-VI-1971; 1 ex, Thornton Range, S16°14', E145°26', 100 m, Berlesate ANIC 333, rainforest, 24-VI-1971; 4 exx, Thorn Rd., 11-XII-1969; 2 exx, Cooper Ck. near Daintree, S16°11', E145°26', 50 m, ANIC Berlesate 334, 22-VI-1971; 1 ex, Mt. Finnigan, 400 m, rainforest, litter and fungi, SPB56, 01-VII-1982; 1 ex, Mt. Finnigan, 400 m, rainforest, moist litter pockets, SPB61, 03-VII-1982; 1 ex, Moses Ck., 4 km NbyE of Mt. Finnigan, S15°47', E145°17', sieved rainforest litter, Berlesate ANIC 696, 14-16-X-1980; 3 exx, Julatten, edge of rainforest along creek, ex intercept trap, 21-30-XI-1987; 1 ex, Buchanan Ck., S 16°15', E145°26', 140 m, FIT B06F, 11-II-12-III-1998; 3 exx, Buchanan Ck., S 16°15', E145°26', 140 m, FIT B06F, 12-III-08-V-1998; 2 exx, Noah Beach, S 16°09', E145°26', 10 m, FIT N08F, 15-III-07-V-1998; 2 exx, Noah Beach, S 16°09', E145°26', 10 m, FIT N08F, 09-II-15-III-1998; 1 ex, Noah Beach, S 16°09', E145°26', 10 m, FIT N09F, 09-II-15-III-1998; 2 exx, Noah Beach, S 16°09', E145°26', 10 m, FIT N09F, 15-III-07-V-1998; 1 ex, Daintree, Buchanan Creek, S 16°14.39', E145°25.54', 140 m, FIT#6, 15-I-11-II-1998; 2 exx, Daintree, Cooper Creek, S 16°09.10', E145°24.19', 140 m, FIT#9, 11-I-10-II-1998; 2 exx, Daintree, Cooper Creek, S 16°09', E145°24', 140 m, FIT C05F, 16-III-07-V-1998; 2 exx, Daintree, Thompson Creek, S 16°07', E145°25', 80 m, FIT T08F, 10-I-12-II-1998; 1 ex, Daintree, Thompson Creek, S 16°07', E145°25', 80 m, FIT T09F, 12-II-15-III-1998; 2 exx, Daintree, Thompson Creek, S 16°07', E145°25', 80 m, FIT T09F, 15-III-07-V-1998; 1 ex, Daintree, Thompson Creek, S 16°07', E145°25', 80 m, FIT T09F, 10-I-12-II-1998; 10 exx, Daintree, Pimm´s Block, S 16°11', E145°24', 100 m, FIT T07F, 13-III-08-V-1998; 1 ex, Daintree, Pimm´s Block, S 16°11.33', E145°24.30', 100 m, FIT =6, 08-I-09-II-1998; 1 ex, Hutchinson Ck., S 16°13', E145°24', 30 m, FIT H09F, 11-II-14-III-1998; 4 exx, Hutchinson Ck., S 16°13', E145°24', 30 m, FIT H09F, 14-III-08-V-1998; 2 exx, Donovan Ck., S 16°01', E145°27', 20 m, FIT D09F, 10-II-14-III-1998; 3 exx, Donovan Ck., S 16°01', E145°27', 20 m, FIT D07F, 14-III-06-V-1998; 1 ex, Fairy Ck., S 16°14', E145°25', 80 m, FIT F07F, 11-II-13-III-1998; 1 ex, Fairy Ck., S 16°14', E145°25', 80 m, FIT F07F, 12-I-11-II-1998; 1 ex, Fairy Ck., S 16°14', E145°25', 80 m, FIT F01F, 13-III-08-V-1998; 4 exx, ARC3759 (EMBL # LN888236), ARC3760 (EMBL # LN888237), ARC3761 (EMBL # LN888238), Cedar Bay N.P., road between Rossville and Bloomfield, S15°47.510', E145°18.141', sample 2, 322 m, 29-IV-2014; 4 exx, Cedar Bay N.P., road between Rossville and Bloomfield, S15°47.510', E145°18.141', sample 2-B, 322 m, 01-V-2014; 3 exx, Cedar Bay N.P., road between Rossville and Bloomfield, S15°48.274', E145°18.901', sample 4, 214 m, 29-IV-2014; 1 ex, 3 km NE Mt. Webb, S15°03', E145°09', 01-30-X-1980.

Queensland: Cairns, Kuranda, Lamb Range, Mt. Formartine South, Cape Tribulation, Daintree N.P., Cedar Bay N.P., Mt. Webb.

Sifted from leaf litter in primary forest.

This species is named in honor of Geoff Monteith (Brisbane), who collected the majority of the new Australian Trigonopterus species for the first time and whose help was essential for the success of this study.

Trigonopterus monteithi Riedel, sp. n. was coded as “Trigonopterus sp. 553”.

Holotype (Fig. 24a). Length 1.92 mm. Color ferruginous. Body subovate, with weak constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile convex. Rostrum with 4 rows of coarse punctures each containing one mesad directed seta; without distinct ridges; base gently projecting from profile; epistome indistinct. Forehead coarsely punctate. Pronotum with indistinct subapical constriction; disk coarsely punctate; punctures each containing one inconspicuous seta, very few with yellow recumbent scales instead. Elytra with striae deeply incised; intervals costate, punctate, with scattered recumbent scales; sutural interval narrow and weakly convex, below level of interval 2; base markedly bisinuate. Legs. Femora densely punctate. Profemur with subbasal callus anteriorly projecting. Tibiae subbasally with dorsal angulation; uncus of protibia slender, hook-shaped, basally continued with ventral tibial outline, markedly curved ventrad towards apex. Abdominal ventrites 1 laterally swollen, medially concave; abdominal ventrite 2 swollen; ventrite 5 microgranulate, weakly concave. Penis (Fig. 24b) with sides of body converging, apex subtruncate; transfer apparatus flagelliform, ca. 1.8× longer than body of penis; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 1.92–2.11 mm. Color ferruginous or black with only legs and head ferruginous. Female rostrum dorsally somewhat flattened; with median costa and pair of submedian costae; epistome simple. Female abdominal ventrites 1-2 medially flat; ventrite 5 coarsely punctate.

Figure 24. 

Trigonopterus mossmanensis sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (QMBA): ARC3896 (PCR failed), Queensland, Mossman Bluff Track, 5-10 km W Mossman, site 6, 860m, flt. Intercept, 16-30-XII-1988. Paratype (QMBA) 1 ex, Mossman Bluff Track, 5-10 km W Mossman, site 7, 1000 m, pitfall, 16-30-XII-1988.

Queensland: Mossman Bluff.

Sifted from leaf litter in primary forest.

This epithet is an adjective based on the name of the type locality, Mossman.

Holotype (Fig. 25a). Length 3.11 mm. Color black; antenna and legs ferruginous. Body subovate, with marked constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile convex. Rostrum with median costa and pair of submedian costae; intervening furrows with rows of coarse punctures each containing one mesad directed seta; base dorsally protruding, markedly projecting from profile subangularly; epistome posteriorly with irregular ridge. Forehead coarsely punctate-rugose. Pronotum with subapical constriction; disk coarsely punctate; with median costa, bordered by pair of submedian longitudinal impressions. Elytra with striae deeply incised; intervals costate, microreticulate, punctate, with scattered recumbent white scales; base markedly bisinuate. Legs. Femora densely punctate. Profemur with subbasal callus anteriorly projecting. Tibiae subbasally with dorsal angulation; metatibia in apical third with blunt suprauncal projection. Metaventrite and abdominal ventrites 1-2 laterally swollen, medially forming common cavity; metaventrite and abdominal ventrite 1 with dense erect setae, abdominal ventrite 2 with erect scales; ventrite 5 punctate, weakly concave. Penis (Fig. 25b) with sides of body subparallel, apex subtruncate, with weak median incision; transfer apparatus flagelliform, curved ventrad, subequal to body of penis; ductus ejaculatorius near insertion to transfer apparatus sclerotized, forming S-shaped ribbon longer than flagellum; without bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 2.55–3.14 mm. Female body more slender. Female rostrum dorsally somewhat flattened; median costa and pair of submedian costae subglabrous; epistome simple. Female abdominal ventrites 1-2 medially flat; ventrite 5 punctate, concave.

Figure 25. 

Trigonopterus oberprieleri sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (QMBA): ARC3742 (EMBL # LN888224), Queensland, Cape Tribulation, Mt. Sorrow track, S16°04.579', E145°27.081', sample 6, 283 m, 10-IV-2014. Paratypes (QMBA, SMNK): Queensland: 2 exx, ARC3743 (EMBL # LN888225), ARC3744 (EMBL # LN888226), same data as holotype; 3 exx, Cape Tribulation, Mt. Sorrow track, S16°04.491', E145°26.873', sample 3, 343 m, 10-IV-2014; 1 ex, ARC3767 (EMBL # LN888244), 2,5 km W Mt. Hartley, near Rossville – Bloomfield-road, S15°47.393', E145°18.348',sample 3, 419 m, 01-V-2014; 1 ex, Daintree N.P.,Thompson Ck., S16°07', E145°25', FIT T01f, 10-I-12-II-1998.

Queensland: Daintree N.P., Surroundings of Mt. Hartley.

Sifted from leaf litter in primary forest.

This species is named in honor of Rolf Oberprieler, who made available for study the many Trigonopterus specimens in the ANIC.

Trigonopterus oberprieleri Riedel, sp. n. was coded as “Trigonopterus sp. 557”.

Holotype (Fig. 26a). Length 2.88 mm. Color ferruginous. Body subovate, with distinct constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile convex. Rostrum with median ridge and pair of submedian ridges ending in apical third; intervening furrows with rows of coarse punctures each containing one mesad directed narrow scale; base dorsally protruding, markedly projecting from profile subangularly; epistome posteriorly with subangulate ridge. Forehead coarsely punctate-rugose. Pronotum with distinct subapical constriction; disk coarsely punctate-reticulate; with median costa; uneven, with weak swelling at center of disk; punctures each containing one narrow ochre scale. Elytra with striae deeply incised; intervals costate-carinate; with rows of narrow ochre scales and larger white scales; base markedly bisinuate. Legs. Femora densely punctate, with sparse ochre scales, with transverse band of larger white scales. Profemur with subbasal callus anteriorly projecting. Tibiae subbasally with dorsal angulation; metatibia with suprauncal tooth. Abdominal ventrites 1-2 laterally swollen, medially forming common cavity, with coarse punctures; ventrite 5 weakly concave, in basal half with ochre scales. Penis (Fig. 26b) with sides of body subparallel, with constriction in front of middle, continued subparallel to subangulate apex; transfer apparatus flagelliform, directed basad, its length subequal to body of penis; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 2.58–3.08 mm. Color ferruginous or almost black with only tarsi and antenna ferruginous. Female rostrum with median costa and pair of submedian costae; epistome simple. Female abdominal ventrites 1-2 medially flat; ventrite 5 flat.

Figure 26. 

Trigonopterus robertsi sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (QMBA): ARC3727 (EMBL # LN888209), Queensland, Mt. Finnigan, ascent from Shiptons Flat, S15°49.001', E145°16.853', 1075 m, sample 1, 28-IV-2014. Paratypes (QMBA, SMNK): Queensland: 5 exx, ARC3728 (EMBL # LN888210), ARC3729 (EMBL # LN888211), ARC3730 (EMBL # LN888212), same data as holotype; 1 ex, Mt. Finnigan, ascent from Shiptons Flat, S15°48.935', E145°16.669', 1048 m, sample 2, 28-IV-2014; 1 ex, Mt. Finnigan, site 4, S15°48', E145°17',1060 m, pitfalls, 04-XII-1990-17-I-1991; 1 ex, Finnigan summit, S15°49', E145°17', 1100 m, rainforest, stick brushing, Berlesate 979, 21-XI-1998; 1 ex, 4,0 km W of Cape Tribulation, site 8, 720 m, rainforest pitfall traps, sieved litter, 23-IX-7-X-1982; 1 ex, Mt. Hartley summit, S15°46', E145°19', 790 m, intercept trap, 08-XI-1995-16-I-1996; 2 exx, Mt. Hartley summit, S15°46', E145°19', 750 m, pitfall traps, 08-XI-1995-16-I-1996.

Queensland: W Cape Tribulation, Mt. Finnigan, Mt. Hartley.

Sifted from leaf litter in primary forest.

This species is named in honor of the naturalist Lewis Roberts (Shiptons Flat), whose guiding help was essential for the discovery of this species.

Trigonopterus robertsi Riedel, sp. n. was coded as “Trigonopterus sp. 556”.

Lectotype (Fig. 27a). Length 3.81 mm. Color black; legs and antenna ferruginous. Body subovate; in dorsal aspect and in profile with constriction between pronotum and elytron. Rostrum slender, dorsally with glabrous median carina; in basal half clothed with mesad directed, white, spatulate scales; subapically subglabrous, punctate, sparsely setose. Eyes large, in dorsal position. Pronotum large; disk separated from sides by distinct edge; disk subglabrous, densely punctate with minute punctures, posterolateral and anterolateral corner clothed with white scales; sides in anterior 1/3 clothed with white scales. Elytra subglabrous, punctate with minute punctures; basal margin bordered by row of large punctures continued behind humeri. Legs. Profemur large; anterior face with white scales. Mesofemur and metafemur dorsally densely squamose with white scales, with distinct dorsoposterior edge. Abdominal ventrite 5 flat. Aedeagus (Fig. 27b) with body in basal half subparallel, widened in apical half; extended into acute median process; ductus ejaculatorius subapically with weak bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 3.22–3.81 mm. Female rostrum dorsally largely subglabrous, with sublateral rows of minute punctures; in basal 1/5 punctate-rugose, sparsely clothed with white scales.

Figure 27. 

Trigonopterus rostralis (Lea), male lectotype; a Habitus b Penis c as mounted originally d original labels.

Type specimens. Male, lectotype by present designation (SAMA): Queensland, Torres Straits (labels Fig. 27e), ARC4037 (PCR failed). Female, paralectotype (SAMA), same data as lectotype. Other specimens (QMBA, SAMA, SMNK): Queensland: 1 ex, 3 km ENE of Mt.Tozer, S12°44', E143°14', Malaise trap; 28-VI-04-VII-1986; 4 exx, 11 km ENE of Mt.Tozer, S12°43', E143°18', 5-10-VII-1986; 1 ex, 9 km ENE of Mt.Tozer, S12°43', E143°17', swept from undergrowth, 5-10-VII-1986; 4 exx, 9 km ENE of Mt.Tozer, S12°43', E143°17', 11-16-VII-1986; 2 exx, 9 km ENE of Mt.Tozer, S12°43', E143°17', Malaise trap, 11-16-VII-1986; 1 ex, 11 km ENE of Mt.Tozer, S12°43', E143°18', swept from undergrowth, 11-16-VII-1986; 1 ex, 11 km ENE of Mt.Tozer, S12°43', E143°18', ex yellow trays, 11-16-VII-1986; 2 exx, Claudie River, 4 km SW road junction, S12°44', E143°15', 04-XII-1986.

Queensland: Torres Strait, Iron Range N.P.

Swept and beaten from forest undergrowth.

Lea’s (1928) description is based on a male and a female specimen, and although Lea marked the male with a handwritten “TY” on its card, as he usually did to indicate the specimen he regarded to be the type, he did not designate it as the holotype in his description. This male is here designated as lectotype to ensure stability of nomenclature in case additional syntypes are discovered that belong to different species.

Lectotype (Fig. 28a). Length 2.24 mm. Color black. Body subovate, almost without constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile evenly convex. Rostrum with sharp median ridge and pair of sharp submedian ridges; intervening furrows with rows of white scales; apical 1/3 rugose-punctate. Eyes with dorsal margin bordered by furrow. Forehead punctate. Pronotum with disk densely punctate with small punctures; sides sparsely shallowly foveate. Elytra subglabrous, striae marked rows of small punctures; humeri laterally with row of large punctures. Legs with sparse white scales; anteroventral ridge of pro- and mesofemur with acute tooth, metafemur with blunt tooth. Metafemur dorsally with sparse white scales; posterior surface with furrow containing row of scales parallel to ventral edge, subdorsally with row of coarse punctures. Tibial apex with uncus, without premucro. Abdominal ventrite 2 posteriorly costate resembling ventrite 3, anteriorly declivous to concave ventrite 1; ventrite 5 weakly concave, punctate, sparsely clothed with erect scales and setae. Penis (Fig. 28b) with sides of body subparallel, weakly concave; apex with median triangular extension confluent with outline of apex; transfer apparatus short, dentiform, supported by lyriform sclerite; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 2.14–2.80 mm. Female rostrum with dorsal ridges less distinct, only in basal half; apical 1/2 rugose-punctate. Female abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 medially flat; female abdominal ventrite 5 flat.

Figure 28. 

Trigonopterus sculptirostris (Lea), male lectotype; a Habitus b Penis c as mounted originally d original labels.

Type specimens. Male, lectotype by present designation (Fig. 28) (QMBA): Queensland, Dunk Island, coll. H. Hacker, VIII-1927 (labels Fig. 28e), ARC4039 (PCR failed). Female, paralectotype (SAMA), same data as lectotype. Other specimens (ANIC, SMNK): Queensland: 10 exx, ARC3669 (EMBL # LN888170), ARC3670 (EMBL # LN888171), ARC3671 (EMBL # LN888172), Kuranda N.P., Saddle Mountain Road, S16°48.882', E145°38.870', to S16°48.559', E145°39.458', 380–475 m, 31-III-2014; 40 exx, ARC3681 (EMBL # LN888173), ARC3682 (EMBL # LN888174), ARC3683 (EMBL # LN888175), ARC3684 (EMBL # LN888176), Mission Beach, Clump Mt. N.P., Bicton Hill, S17°50.146', E146°06.023', to S17°50.499', E146°05.905', 36-240 m, 14-IV-2014; 5 exx, ARC3687 (EMBL # LN888177), ARC3688 (EMBL # LN888178), Djiru N.P., road between Mission Beach and El Arish, S17°52.053', E146°04.093', 75 m, 15-IV-2014; 2 exx, Julatten, edge of rainforest along creek, ex intercept trap, 20-X-21-XI-1987; 20 exx, ARC3756 (EMBL # LN888233), ARC3757 (EMBL # LN888234), ARC3758 (EMBL # LN888235), Daintree N.P., NW Mossman, Manjal Jimalji (Devils Thumb) trail, S16°23.653', E145°19.724', to S16°23.664', E145°18.531', 100-700 m, 20-IV-2014; 1 ex, Donovan Ck., S16°01', E145°27', 20 m, FIT D03F, 10-II-14-III-1998; 1 ex, ARC3861 (EMBL # LN888245), Mt. Finnigan, ascent from Shiptons Flat, S15°48.620', E145°16.329', to S15°49.043', E145°16.780', 700-1000 m, 28-IV-2014.

Queensland: Mission Beach, Dunk Island; Kuranda, Julatten, Daintree N.P., Mt. Finnigan.

Beaten from foliage in rainforest.

Lea (1928) did not designate a holotype in the original description nor specify the number of specimens examined. The original description is based on more than one specimen. One pair with the male marked “TY” could be examined but other specimens may exist. The male is here designated lectotype to ensure stability of nomenclature in case additional syntypes are discovered that belong to different species.

Lectotype (Fig. 29a). Length 2.10 mm. Color ferruginous; integument partly covered with brown or white scales, partly abraded. Body subrhomboid, with weak constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile evenly convex. Rostrum with median ridge and pair of less distinct submedian ridges; covered with white scales. Eyes large, in subdorsal position. Forehead punctate, covered with brown scales. Pronotum coarsely punctate, covered with scales inserting at punctures, interspaces polished; disk clothed with brown scales, laterally and subapically with white scales. Elytra with striae deeply incised, narrow; intervals flat, each with two rows of scales largely covering surface, sutural interval with only one row; abraded scales leaving small punctures at point of insertion; subbasally and subapically clothed with white scales, remainder with brown scales and sparse white scales. Legs. Fore- and hind leg broken off and glued separately to card; largely covered with white scales except subglabrous posterior face of meso- and metafemur. Profemur with anteroventral ridge basally abruptly ending forming blunt angle; with subovate, slightly concave subbasal callus. Tibial apex with uncus and minute premucro. Abdominal ventrite 1-2 laterally swollen, medially concave. Penis (Fig. 29b) with sides of body subparallel to rounded apex; transfer apparatus simple, spiniform, supported by pair of small elongate sclerites; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus. Female paralectotype: Length 2.40 mm. Body wider, rather subovate. Rostrum in apical half subglabrous, with sublateral sparse rows of scales. Abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 medially flat. Intraspecific variation. Length 2.00–2.40 mm.

Figure 29. 

Trigonopterus squamosus (Lea), male lectotype; a Habitus b Penis c paralectotype d as mounted originally e original labels.

Type specimens. Male, lectotype by present designation (QMBA): Queensland, Caloundra, coll. H. Hacker, 20-I (labels Fig. 29e), ARC4036 (PCR failed). Female, paralectotype (SAMA), ARC4035 (PCR failed), same data as lectotype. Other specimens (QMBA, SMNK): Queensland: 7 exx, Fraser Isl., Lake Allom, S25°11', E153°13', ANZES Exped., XI-1992.

Queensland: Caloundra, Fraser Isl..

Beaten from foliage of undergrowth in relatively dry forest.

Lea (1928) did not designate a holotype in the original description nor specify the exact number of specimens examined. One pair with the female marked “TY” could be examined but other specimens may exist. The male syntype is here designated lectotype. The diagnosis of this species is difficult, and E. C. Zimmerman (unpublished note in QMBS) and Pullen et al. (2014) considered its name to be synonymous with that of T. striatipennis (Lea). However, specimens collected at one locality of North Stradbroke Island fall into two highly divergent clusters based on CO1 sequences. These sequence clusters are correlated with relatively subtle differences in the male genitalia. One is identical to the species described from North Stradbroke Island by Lea (1928), i.e. T. striatipennis; the other is close to T. squamosus. There remains some uncertainty whether all populations of this complex belong to the same two sibling species or if additional cryptic species exist. Sequence data from specimens of additional localities need to be analyzed for a final clarification. The specimen illustrated by Zimmerman (1992, p. 377, plate 492) shows a specimen of T. striatipennis Lea.

Holotype (Fig. 30a). Length 2.43 mm. Color ferruginous; integument partly covered with brown or white scales, largely abraded. Body subovate; with weak constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile evenly convex. Rostrum in apical half with submedian rows of punctures, sparsely covered with white scales. Eyes large, in subdorsal position. Forehead punctate, covered with brown scales. Pronotum coarsely punctate, covered with scales inserting at punctures, interspaces polished; disk clothed with brown scales, laterally and subapically with white scales. Elytra with striae deeply incised, narrow; intervals flat, each with two rows of scales largely covering surface, sutural interval with only one row; abraded scales leaving small punctures at point of insertion; subbasally and subapically clothed with white scales, remainder with brown scales and sparse white scales. Legs. Left foreleg broken off and missing; largely covered with white scales except subglabrous posterior face of meso- and metafemur and where abraded. Profemur with anteroventral ridge basally abruptly ending forming blunt angle; with subovate, slightly concave subbasal callus. Tibial apex with uncus, without premucro. Abdominal ventrites 1-2 medially flat. Terminalia (Fig. 30b). Male (ARC3663, Fig. 30e). Male rostrum with median ridge and pair of submedian ridges; covered with white scales. Abdominal ventrites 1-2 laterally swollen, medially concave. Penis (Fig. 30f) with sides of body slightly diverging to widened, rounded apex; transfer apparatus simple, spiniform, supported by single Y-shaped sclerite; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 2.32–2.53 mm. One specimen (ARC3666) with conspicuous pair of protrusions behind eyes, apparently a rare aberration.

Figure 30 

Trigonopterus striatipennis (Lea), female holotype; a Habitus b terminalia c as mounted originally d original labels.

Trigonopterus striatipennis (Lea), male; e Habitus f Penis.

Type specimens. Female, holotype by monotypy (QMBA): Queensland, Stradbroke Island, coll. H. Hacker, 17-IX-1915 (labels Fig. 30d), ARC4034 (PCR failed). Other specimens (ANIC, QMBA, SMNK): Queensland: 5 exx, ARC3663 (EMBL # LN888167), ARC3665 (EMBL # LN888168), ARC3666 (EMBL # LN888169), North Stradbroke Isl., 3,5 km SW Point Lookout, Fishermans Road, 105 m, S27°26.507', E153°30.353', 24-III-2014, beaten from forest understorey; 8 exx, North Stradbroke Isl., track to Blue Lake, on Pteridium, 11-IX-1984; 7 exx, North Stradbroke Isl., track to Blue Lake, on Pteridium, 02-IX-1983; 3 exx, N Stradbroke Isl. Enterprise, S27°33', E153°28', Blackbutt #1, 90 m, 09-I-2002, sweeping 50934.

Queensland: North Stradbroke Island.

Beaten from foliage of undergrowth in relatively dry forest.

Lea (1928) stated in his description that the “type” was a “unique” specimen, and it therefore has to be regarded as the holotype. Regarding the distinction of this species from T. squamosus (Lea), see the remarks above.

Holotype (Fig. 31a). Length 2.50 mm. Color black; antenna and legs ferruginous. Body subovate, in dorsal aspect with marked constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile convex. Rostrum with median ridge and pair of submedian ridges; intervening furrows with rows of coarse punctures each containing one mesad directed scale; epistome posteriorly with curved ridge. Forehead coarsely punctate-rugose. Pronotum with sides subparallel, anteriorly abruptly rounded to distinct subapical constriction; irregularly foveate-reticulate; each fovea containing one inconspicuous seta. Elytra with striae deeply incised, with coarse punctures; intervals costate-carinate; subglabrous, sparsely punctate, with sparse scales; base bisinuate. Legs. Femora densely punctate. Profemur with subbasal callus anteriorly projecting. Tibiae subbasally with acute tooth; metatibia with suprauncal tooth. Abdominal ventrite 1 concave; abdominal ventrite 2 posteriorly transversely costate. Penis (Fig. 31b) with sides of body subparallel, apex subangulate, medially rounded; orifice with pair of curved sclerites; transfer apparatus short, dentiform; ductus ejaculatorius subapically with weak bulbus.

Figure 31. 

Trigonopterus terraereginae sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Holotype (ANIC): ARC4242 (PCR failed), Queensland, Mt. Cook N.P., S15°29', E145°16', rainforest litter, ANIC Berlesate No. 732, 10-12-V-1981.

Queensland: Mt. Cook.

Sifted from leaf litter in primary forest.

This epithet refers to Queensland (Terra Reginae).

Holotype (Fig. 32a). Length 1.84 mm. Color black, antenna and tarsi ferruginous. Body subrhomboid, without constriction between pronotum and elytron; in profile evenly convex. Rostrum punctate-rugose, with sparse white scales, median ridge indistinct. Eyes large, in subdorsal position. Forehead punctate, with scattered brown scales. Pronotum coarsely punctate, interspaces between punctures polished; with sparse narrow brown scales inserting in punctures. Elytra subglabrous; striae marked by indistinct rows of minute punctures each containing minute narrow brown scale; at apical margin with few white almond-shaped scales. Legs. Femora dorsally clothed with white scales; anteroventral furrow with sparse row of white scales. Profemur with anteroventral ridge basally abruptly ending forming blunt angle; with somewhat indistinct subbasal callus. Tibial apex with uncus, without premucro. Abdominal ventrites 1-2 laterally swollen, medially concave; ventrite 5 coarsely punctate, at middle concave. Penis (Fig. 32b) with sides of body subparallel to subangulate apex; transfer apparatus simple, elongate, with pair of small basal sclerites; ductus ejaculatorius without bulbus. Intraspecific variation. Length 1.70–1.96 mm. Female rostrum with sparse small punctures, with sparse recumbent setae, only basally with few scales. Female abdominal ventrites 1-2 medially flat; ventrite 5 flat.

Figure 32. 

Trigonopterus yorkensis sp. n., holotype; a Habitus b Penis.

Male, holotype (QMBA): ARC3707 (EMBL # LN888189), Queensland, W Bloomfield, Mt. Misery, S15°52.706', E145°13.383',750-850 m, 30-IV-2014. Paratypes (QMBA, SMNK): Queensland: 5 exx, ARC3706 (EMBL # LN888188), ARC3708 (EMBL # LN888190), ARC3709 (EMBL # LN888191), same data as holotype; 1 ex, Mt. Misery, summit, 15°52', S 145°14', E, 850 m, 03-I-1991, Pyrethrum knockdown; 1 ex, Massey Ra., 6 km NW of Bellenden Kerr, 17°14', S 145°48', E, 1150 m, 11-X-1991.

Queensland: Mt. Misery, Massey Range.

Beaten from foliage in relatively dry forest.

This epithet is an adjective based on the Cape York Peninsula, where the type locality is located.

Trigonopterus yorkensis Riedel, sp. n. was coded as “Trigonopterus sp. 552”.