Data Paper |
Corresponding author: David Sánchez-Fernández ( davidsan@um.es ) Academic editor: Pavel Stoev
© 2015 David Sánchez-Fernández, Andrés Millán, Pedro Abellán, Félix Picazo, José Antonio Carbonell, Ignacio Ribera.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Sánchez-Fernández D, Millán A, Abellán P, Picazo F, Carbonell JA, Ribera I (2015) Atlas of Iberian water beetles (ESACIB database). ZooKeys 520: 147-154. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.520.6048
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The ESACIB (‘EScarabajos ACuáticos IBéricos’) database is provided, including all available distributional data of Iberian and Balearic water beetles from the literature up to 2013, as well as from museum and private collections, PhD theses, and other unpublished sources. The database contains 62,015 records with associated geographic data (10×10 km UTM squares) for 488 species and subspecies of water beetles, 120 of them endemic to the Iberian Peninsula and eight to the Balearic Islands. This database was used for the elaboration of the “Atlas de los Coleópteros Acuáticos de España Peninsular”. In this dataset data of 15 additional species has been added: 11 that occur in the Balearic Islands or mainland Portugal but not in peninsular Spain and an other four with mainly terrestrial habits within the genus Helophorus (for taxonomic coherence). The complete dataset is provided in Darwin Core Archive format.
Aquatic, Coleoptera , freshwater, Iberian peninsula, occurrence, Portugal, Spain
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide all the available distributional information on water beetles from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. These data were compiled in the ESACIB (‘EScarabajos ACuáticos IBéricos’) database and published in the “Atlas de los Coleópteros Acuáticos de España Peninsular” (
Additional information: The species included in this dataset but not considered in
i) species endemic to the Balearic Islands (Deronectes brannanii (Schaufuss, 1869); Hydroporus lluci Fery, 1999; Hydraena (Hydraena) balearica Orchymont, 1930; Graptodytes kuchtai (Breit, 1908); Limnebius minoricensis Jäch, Valladares & García-Avilés, 1996; Ochthebius (Ochthebius) javieri Jäch, 2000; O. (Ochthebius) pedroi Jäch, 2000; Oulimnius echinatus Berthélemy, 1979);
ii) species endemic to mainland Portugal (Rhithrodytes agnus agnus Foster, 1992; Rhithrodytes agnus argaensis Bilton & Fery, 1996; Hydraena (Hydraena) malagricola Jäch & Díaz, 2012; Hydraena (Hydraena) optica Jäch & Díaz, 2012; Hydraena (Hydraena) zezerensis Díaz Pazos & Bilton, 1994);
iii) species present in mainland Portugal (Porhydrus vicinus (Aubé, 1838)) or the Balearic Islands (Ochthebius lobicollis Rey, 1885) but not in the Iberian mainland;
iv) for taxonomic coherence four species of Helophorus (subgenus Empleurus) are included in this dataset that were not treated in
It should be noted that some Iberian species such as Macronychus quadrituberculatus P.W.J. Müller, 1806, Haliplus (Haliplus) sibiricus Motschulsky, 1860, Berosus bispina Reyche & Saulcy 1856, Helophorus cincticollis Guillebeau, 1893 and Hydraena assimilis Rey, 1803 are not included in this dataset due to the lack of geographical precision of their records in the study area. In addition, part of the data presented here are also included in the “Inventario Español de Especies Terrestres (MAGRAMA)”.
Project title: Atlas de los coleópteros acuáticos de España peninsular
Personnel: Andrés Millán (IP), David Sánchez-Fernández (co-IP), Pedro Abellán, Félix Picazo, José A. Carbonell, Jorge M. Lobo, Ignacio Ribera.
Funding: This project was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Alimentation and Environment (MAGRAMA). Some data have been obtained with the support of additional projects from the Spanish Government, in particular 023/2007, CGL2007-61665 and CGL2013-48950.
Study area descriptions/descriptors: The Iberian peninsula and Balearic islands are two closely bio-geographically related areas which extend more than 585,644 km2. The territory includes a variety of biomes, relief, climates, and soil types, where altitude ranges from sea level to 3483 m.a.s.l. in the Sierra Nevada (SE Iberia). These areas are of great biogeographic interest, being regarded as one of the richest European regions in terms of species diversity (
Design description: The database compiles all available taxonomic and distributional data of the families of strictly aquatic Coleoptera from the literature as well as from museum and private collections, PhD theses, and other unpublished sources. The bibliographic references providing more records are mainly papers compiling distributional data for several families (
General taxonomic coverage: We focus here exclusively on the “strictly aquatic beetles”, i.e., those that spend most of their life submerged, at least in its adult stage, in any type of aquatic ecosystem (
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Suborder: Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga
Family: Hydroscaphidae, Sphaeriusidae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Haliplidae, Hygrobiidae, Noteridae, Dryopidae, Elmidae, Helophoridae, Hydraenidae, Hydrochidae, Hydrophilidae
General spatial coverage: The study area is the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal mainland) and Balearic islands, located in the southwest of Europe (Fig.
Coordinates: 35°23'60"N and 43°58'48"N Latitude; 10°2'24"W and 4°48'36"E Longitude.
Living time period: 1840–2013 (Fig.
Method step description:
1. Primary sources of the data
1a. Sampling
1b. Bibliographic compilation
1c. Public and private collections
2. Georeferenciation at 10×10 km grid cells
Records were assigned to 10×10 km grid cells based on the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection and the Military Grid Reference System (MGRS) from the spatial coordinates provided in the original sources. In those cases in which records did not attach spatial coordinates, the locations of the records were identified in Google Earth, translated to UTM coordinates and assigned to 10×10 km grid cells. Those records that could not be unambiguously georeferenced were discarded.
3. Introduction in the database.
4. Elaboration of distributional maps.
5. Checking for doubtful records.
6. Modifications of records (taxonomy or coordinates).
7. Elaboration of new distributional maps.
Study extent description: The Iberian peninsula and Balearic islands. The frequency of sampling has been irregular, as data were obtained from bibliographic sources, field sampling, and the revision of private collections.
Sampling description: For the unpublished data, in most cases at each sampling site beetles were collected from a representation of all mesohabitat types with a kick-net of 500 µm mesh, following in most cases a multihabitat protocol (
Quality control description: Distributional maps for each species were generated that were checked by all members of the project and some external reviewers. Doubtful records were double-checked (identifications, geographical coordinates, etc.). In the case of doubtful data from published sources, the original papers were reviewed again, and in some cases (whenever possible) additional information was requested from the authors on the doubtful records.
Object name: Darwin Core Archive Atlas of Iberian water beetles (ESACIB database)
Character encoding: UTF-8
Format name: Darwin Core Archive format
Format version: 1.0
Distribution: http://www.gbif.es/ipt/archive.do?r=esacib
Publication date of data: 2015-04-29
Language: English
Licences of use: To the extent possible under law, the publisher has waived all rights to these data and has dedicated them to the <a href=”http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode”>Public Domain (CC0 1.0)</a>. Users may copy, modify, distribute and use the work, including for commercial purposes, without restriction.
Metadata language: English
Date of metadata creation: 2015-01-26
Hierarchy level: Dataset
We thank Katia Cezón and Franciso Pando (Spanish GBIF node–CSIC) for technical support. We also thank all who provided unpublished records and bibliographic references to compile the dataset. Jorge M. Lobo provided valuable suggestions in several stages of the manuscript preparation. Some data sets have been obtained with the support of additional projects from the Spanish Government, especially 023/2007, CGL2007-61665 and CGL2013-48950. DS-F has a “Juan de la Cierva” contract from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.