Research Article |
Corresponding author: Shuqiang Li ( lisq@ioz.ac.cn ) Academic editor: Yuri Marusik
© 2021 Xiaoqi Mi, Shuqiang Li.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Mi X, Li S (2021) On nine species of the spider genus Eriovixia (Araneae, Araneidae) from Xishuangbanna, China. In: Li S (Ed.) Spiders of Xishuangbanna, China. ZooKeys 1034: 199-236. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1034.60411
|
Species of the genus Eriovixia Archer, 1951 from Menglun Town, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China are reviewed, including seven new species: E. ganae sp. nov. (♂♀), E. liuhongi sp. nov. (♂♀), E. tangi sp. nov. (♂♀), E. wangchengi sp. nov. (♂♀), E. yaoi sp. nov. (♂♀), E. yinae sp. nov. (♂♀) and E. zhengi sp. nov. (♂♀). The male of E. yunnanensis (Yin, Wang, Xie & Peng, 1990) is described for the first time. The previous description of E. yunnanensis from Tengchong, Yunnan by
Misidentified, morphology, new species, orb-weaver spider, taxonomy
Eriovixia Archer, 1951 is a genus of the spider family Araneidae Clerck, 1757, with 25 named species occurring in Africa (three species) and Asia (22). All of the African species were originally described more than 100 years ago and there have been no publications on them in the last 50 years. In Japan, the species have been well studied by
Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden and surrounding areas in Menglun Town lie in Yunnan Province, southwest China. Seven hundred and eighty two species of spiders have been recorded from this area through an “All Species Inventory” over the past 15 years (
All specimens were collected by beating shrubs, fogging or hand collecting and kept in 75% ethanol. Most of the specimens were collected in Xishuangbanna and are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (
All measurements are given in millimetres (mm). Leg measurements are given as: total length (femur, patella + tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). References to figures in the cited papers are listed in lowercase (fig. or figs); figures in this paper are noted with an initial capital (Fig. or Figs). Abbreviations used in the figures are as follows: C conductor; CD copulatory duct; CO copulatory opening; E embolus; K keel; MA median apophysis; MP median plate; S spermathecae; TA terminal apophysis.
Depository acronyms:
Family Araneidae Clerck, 1757
Subfamily Araneinae Clerck, 1757
Eriovixia Archer, 1951a: 18.
Simonarachne Archer, 1951b: 28.
Heurodes Yaginuma & Archer, 1959: 35.
Eriovixia: Grasshoff, 1986: 4;
Tukaraneus Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 644.
Araneus rhinura Pocock, 1900 from Benito River in Equatorial Guinea.
Small to medium-sized. Carapace pear-shaped, covered with setae, fovea depressed, male often with a cephalic protuberance below AMEs. Chelicerae yellow, with 4 promarginal and 3 retromarginal teeth (with 2 or 4 retromarginal teeth in some species). Endites and labium often dark at base and paler distally. Leg I longest, leg III shortest, Leg II longer than leg IV, femur II of males with a groove at base, femur II, patella II and tibia II of males with 16–23 macrosetae. Abdomen longer than wide (slightly wider than long in E. sakiedaorum Tanikawa, 1999), blunt anteriorly and tapered posteriorly, extending more or less beyond the spinnerets. Male palp lacking long patellar bristles; cymbium longer than wide; paracymbium finger-like; median apophysis prominent, often with dorsal spur(s); conductor wide and thick; embolus short; terminal apophysis varying according to species. Epigyne strongly sclerotised, with a posteriorly directed, rimmed scape; copulatory openings situated posteriorly; spermathecae round, ovoid or kidney-shaped.
The genus is similar to some Neoscona in epigyne structure, but can be distinguished by: 1) small to medium size (♀♀3.00–9.80, ♂♂ 2.50–7.20) vs. medium to large size (♀♀ 4.50–15.00, ♂♂ 3.75–10.80); 2) the female spinnerets situated on the posterior 1/2 to 1/3 of abdomen vs. close to the posterior edge of abdomen; 3) lacking long patellar bristles vs. with 2 long bristles; 4) coxae I in male without apophysis vs. with a hook, like an apophysis; and 5) males often having a cephalic protuberance below AMEs vs. absent.
A total of 25 described species with three in Africa and 22 in Asia.
The differences between the males of the type species and Asian species are unknown because the palp of the type species was not well illustrated or photographed and the Asian species may belong to a separate genus.
Holotype ♂ (
The specific name is a patronym of Mrs. Jiahui Gan (Tongren University), one of the collectors of the type specimens; noun (name) in genitive case.
The new species resembles E. nigrimaculata in habitus, but can be distinguished from the latter by the: 1) female carapace with 2 tubercles vs. lacking tubercles (
Male
(holotype, Figs
Palp (Figs
Female
(paratype
Epigyne (Fig.
Total length: ♂♂ 2.50–3.10; ♀♀ 3.20–4.00.
China (Yunnan).
Holotype ♂ (
Eriovixia cavaleriei (Schenkel, 1963), 7♂4♀ (TRU), CHINA: Guizhou, Tongren, Bijiang District, Chuandong Township, Jianyan Village (27°50.85'N, 109°14.26'E, 480 m alt.), 27.IV.2019, X. Mi et al. leg.
The specific name is the full name of Mr. Hong Liu (Tongren, China), one of the collectors of the type specimens; noun (name) in genitive case.
The female of E. liuhongi sp. nov. resembles those of E. kachugaonensis
Male
(Holotype, Figs
Palp (Figs
Female
(paratype
Epigyne (Fig.
Total length: ♀♀ 4.20–4.80.
China (Yunnan).
Holotype ♂ (
The specific name is a patronym in honour of the late Dr. Guo Tang for his contribution to the taxonomy of the spider family Thomisidae in China and he was one of the collectors of the type specimens; noun (name) in genitive case.
Eriovixia tangi sp. nov. resembles E. cavaleriei by having a similar abdominal pattern, but it can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: 1) male palpal femur with large apophysis vs. absent; 2) kidney-shaped, long spermathecae vs. ovoid; and 3) terminal apophysis covered with small denticles vs. lacking denticles.
Male
(holotype, Figs
Palp (Figs
Female
(paratype
Epigyne (Fig.
Total length: ♂♂ 3.60–4.10; ♀♀ 4.60–6.50.
China (Yunnan).
Holotype ♂ (
Eriovixia jianfengensis Han & Zhu, 2010, 1♂ (TRU), CHINA: Hainan, Ledong County, Jianfeng Township, Jianfengling National Natural Reserve (18°44.45'N, 108°51.49'E, 856 m alt.), 11.IV.2019, C. Wang et al. leg.; 2♀ (TRU), same locality (18°44.61'N, 108°51.24'E, 812 m alt.), 12.IV.2019, C. Wang et al. leg.
The specific name is the full name of Mr. Cheng Wang (Tongren University), one of the collectors of the type specimens; noun (name) in genitive case.
Eriovixia wangchengi sp. nov. resembles E. yaoi sp. nov. and also E. jianfengensis by habitus and copulatory organs, but can be distinguished from them by: 1) posterior end of the abdomen with 6 tubercles vs. lacking (Figs
Male (holotype, Figs
Palp (Figs
Female
(paratype
Epigyne (Fig.
Total length: ♂♂ 3.90–4.60; ♀♀ 4.50–4.90.
China (Yunnan).
Holotype ♂ (
Eriovixia jianfengensis Han & Zhu, 2010, 1♂ (TRU), CHINA: Hainan, Ledong County, Jianfeng Township, Jianfengling National Natural Reserve (18°44.45'N, 108°51.49'E, 856 m alt.), 11.IV.2019, C. Wang et al. leg.; 2♀ (TRU), same locality (18°44.61'N, 108°51.24'E, 812 m alt.), 12.IV.2019, C. Wang et al. leg.
The specific name is a patronym of Dr. Zhiyuan Yao (College of Life Sciences, Shenyang Normal University), one of the collectors of the type specimens; noun (name) in genitive case.
Eriovixia yaoi sp. nov. resembles E. jianfengensis Han & Zhu, 2010 in habitus and copulatory organs, but differs in: 1) male lacking cephalic protuberance vs. present (Fig.
Male
(holotype, Figs
Palp (Figs
Female
(paratype
Epigyne (Fig.
Total length: ♂♂ 3.30–3.40; ♀♀ 3.90–4.40.
China (Yunnan).
Holotype ♂ (
The specific name is a patronym in honour of the late Prof. Changmin Yin, one of the pioneers of spider taxonomy in China; noun (name) in genitive case.
Eriovixia yinae sp. nov. resembles E. pseudocentrodes (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) by the copulatory organs, but can be distinguished from the latter by: 1) median plate keeled vs. not keeled (
Male
(holotype, Figs
Palp (Figs
Female
(paratype
Epigyne (Fig.
Total length: ♂♂ 3.50–4.20.
China (Yunnan).
Neoscona yunnanensis
Eriovixia yunnanensis:
Holotype ♀ (
1♀ (
Eriovixia jianfengensis Han & Zhu, 2010, 1♂, CHINA: Hainan, Ledong County, Jianfeng Township, Jianfengling National Natural Reserve (18°44.45'N, 108°51.49'E, 856 m alt.), 11.IV.2019 , C. Wang et al. leg.; 2♀, same locality (18°44.61'N, 108°51.24'E, 812 m alt.), 12.IV.2019, C. Wang et al. leg.
Eriovixia yunnanensis resembles E. jianfengensis in general appearance, but can be distinguished from the latter by: 1) branches of the median apophysis very close to each other vs. more than 90° apart (
Male
(
Palp (Figs
Female
(
Epigyne (Fig.
Total length: ♂♂ 3.20–3.60; ♀♀ 3.70–5.00.
China (Yunnan).
The females collected from Xishuangbanna are almost identical to the holotype of E. yunnanensis.
Eriovixia yunnanensis:
Holotype ♂, China: Yunnan Province, Tengchong County, Jietou Township, Shaba Village (25°23.56'N, 98°42.21'E, 1850 m alt.), 25.V.2006, X.P. Wang et al. leg. (
The specific name is a patronym in honour of Prof. Xianjin Peng (College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University), one of the leading spider taxonomists of China; noun (name) in genitive case.
This new species is very similar to E. yunnanensis in appearance, but can be distinguished from the latter by: 1) having a thread-like terminal apophysis vs. not thread-like (Figs
See
China (Yunnan).
Holotype ♂ (
The specific name is a patronym of Dr. Guo Zheng (College of Life Sciences, Shenyang Normal University), one of the collectors of the type specimens; noun (name) in genitive case.
Eriovixia zhengi sp. nov. resembles E. pseudocentrodes, E. huwena and E. sticta in appearance. It differs from E. pseudocentrodes by: 1) embolus fused with terminal apophysis at base in prolateral view vs. not fused (
Male
(holotype, Figs
Palp (Figs
Female
(paratype
Epigyne (Fig.
Total length: ♂♂ 3.40–3.90; ♀♀ 3.50–5.80.
China (Yunnan).
The manuscript benefitted greatly from comments by Yuri Marusik (Magadan, Russia), Anna Šestáková (Trnava, Slovakia), Mikhail Omelko (Vladivostok, Russia), Akio Tanikawa (Tokyo, Japan). Sarah Crews (San Francisco, USA) checked English of the final draft. Jiaxin Tang (Beijing, China) checked GPS coordinates. Guo Zheng (Shenyang, China), Yanfeng Tong (Shenyang, China), Zhiyuan Yao (Shenyang, China), Hao Yu (Guiyang, China), Cheng Wang (Tongren, China), Jiahui Gan (Tongren, China), Zhigang Chen (Beijing, China), Zilong Bai (Beijing, China), Yejie Lin (Beijing, China), Yuanfa Yang (Tongren, China) and Hong Liu (Tongren, China) helped in fieldwork. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC-31660609), the Science and Technology Project Foundation of Guizhou Province ([2020]1Z014) and the Key Laboratory Project of Guizhou Province ([2020]2003).