Research Article |
Corresponding author: Xinhua Wang ( xhwang@nankai.edu.cn ) Academic editor: Fabio Laurindo da Silva
© 2015 Wenbin Liu, Bingjiao Sun, Chuncai Yan, Chao Song, Xinhua Wang.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Liu W, Sun B, Yan C, Song C, Wang X (2015) Two new species and one new record of Parakiefferiella Thienemann, 1936 from China (Diptera, Chironomidae). ZooKeys 545: 139-148. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6000
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Two new species of the genus Parakiefferiella Thienemann, 1936 (P. fasciata Liu & Wang, sp. n. and P. liupanensis Liu & Wang, sp. n.) are described as adult males from China. Parakiefferiella tamatriangulata Sasa is recorded from China for the first time. A key to the known adult males of Parakiefferiella from China is presented. The generic diagnosis of male Parakiefferiella given by
Chironomidae, Parakiefferiella, new species, key, taxonomy
The genus Parakiefferiella was erected by Thienemann in 1936, with P. coronata (Edwards, 1929) as type species. According to
The genus is probably quite speciose.
So far, three species of the genus (P. bathophila (Kieffer, 1912), P. coronata (Edwards, 1929) and P. tipuliformis (Tokunaga, 1940)) were recorded in China (
Based on specimens from China, two new species are described in this paper, and a key to the species of Parakiefferiella in China is provided.
Morphology and terminology follow
Based on the material examined and references, the generic diagnosis of male Parakiefferiella (
Holotype: ♂ (BDN. No.1165), China, Shandong Province, Yantai City, Kunyu Mountain, 37°30'10"N, 121°23'40"E, 24.viii.1987, sweeping net, Wang XH. The specimens were sealed with Canada balsam on slides. Paratypes: 3 ♂♂, data as holotype.
The adult male can be distinguished from known species of the genus by the following combination of characters: anal point lacking keel, very broad at base, rounded apically, without basal setae; virga consisting of four spines; antenna with ten flagellomeres, AR 0.47–0.50; tergites III and VIII dark brown, others tergites pale yellow; HR 1.98–2.06; HV 2.65–3.00.
Male imago (n = 4). Total length 1.04–1.09, 1.07 mm. Wing length 0.71–0.72, 0.71 mm. Total length/wing length 1.45–1.56, 1.47. Wing length/length of profemur 3.24–3.29, 3.26.
Coloration. Head brown. Thorax brown with dark spot. Tergites (Fig.
Head. Antenna (Fig.
Wing (Fig.
Thorax (Fig.
Legs. Spur of fore tibia 24–25, 24 μm long; spurs of mid tibia 9–12, 11 μm and 12–14, 13 μm long; spurs of hind tibia 9–10, 9 μm and 20–22, 21 μm long. Hind tibial comb with 9–12, 11 spines, 19–38, 30 μm long. Width at apex of fore tibia 17–19, 19 mm, of mid tibia 19–20, 19 mm, of hind tibia 21–24, 23 mm. Lengths (in μm) and proportions of legs as in Table
Lengths (in μm) and proportions of legs of Parakiefferiella fasciata Liu & Wang, sp. n. (n = 4)
P1 | P2 | P3 | |
---|---|---|---|
fe | 216–220, 219 | 288–300, 293 | 240–258, 256 |
ti | 247–264, 254 | 240–249, 243 | 276–282, 278 |
ta1 | 120–130, 121 | 108–120, 112 | 124–139, 131 |
ta2 | 57–67, 59 | 57–67, 62 | 60–68, 66 |
ta3 | 48–52, 49 | 43–48, 47 | 67–76, 71 |
ta4 | 29–31, 30 | 29–31, 30 | 40–43, 41 |
ta5 | 31–36, 34 | 30–33, 32 | 33–38, 34 |
LR | 0.45–0.52, 0.48 | 0.41–0.44, 0.43 | 0.45–0.51, 0.48 |
BV | 3.33–3.53, 3.43 | 3.61–3.87, 3.73 | 3.07–3.10, 3.09 |
SV | 3.86–4.00, 3.98 | 4.89–5.00, 4.90 | 3.88–4.13, 4.01 |
BR | 2.50–2.75, 2.71 | 3.08–3.25, 3.12 | 3.50–3.75, 3.54 |
Hypopygium (Figs
The specific name is from Latin fasciata, referring to different colored bands in its tergites.
The new described species is distinguished from all other Parakiefferiella species by the following unusual combination of characters: antenna with ten flagellomeres; tergites III and VIII with colored bands; anal point lacking both dorsal setae and keel; absence of dorsal setae on inferior volsella, which is bearing only microtrichia.
While the new species close related to P. coronata (Edwards, 1929;
Female and immature stages unknown.
Holotype: ♂ (BDN. No.1168), China, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Liupan Mountain, Erlong river, 35°38'40"N, 106°31'40"E, 6.viii.1987, sweeping method, Wang XH. Paratypes: 4 ♂♂, as holotype.
The adult male can be distinguished from known species of the genus by the following combination of characters: anal point obtuse triangular with pointed and hyaline apex, lacking keel and bearing four setae placed laterally (two on each side); antenna with ten flagellomeres; all of the veins bare; inferior volsella square with rounded inner margin, not projected, occupying about half of the gonocoxite length, lacking dorsal setae and covered with microtrichia; ventral margin swollen medially; AR 0.33–0.37; HR 2.20–2.28; HV 2.36–2.43.
Male imago (n = 5). Total length 1.20–1.25, 1.23 mm. Wing length 0.78–0.85, 0.81 mm. Total length/wing length 1.45–1.47, 1.46. Wing length/length of profemur 3.38–3.58, 3.45.
Coloration of preserved specimens. Head and tergites brown. Thorax brown with dark spot.
Head. Antenna (Fig.
Wing (Fig.
Thorax (Fig.
Legs. Spur of fore tibia 12–21, 18 μm long; spurs of mid tibia 9–12, 11 μm and 12–14, 13 μm long; spurs of hind tibia 9–10, 9 μm and 20–22, 21 μm long. Hind tibial comb with 9–12, 10 spines, 19–38, 23 μm long. Width at apex of fore tibia 19–22, 20 mm, of mid tibia 12–22, 17 mm, of hind tibia 18–22, 21 mm. Lengths (in μm) and proportions of legs as in Table
Lengths (in μm) and proportions of legs of Parakiefferiella liupanensis Liu & Wang, sp. n. (n = 5).
P1 | P2 | P3 | |
---|---|---|---|
fe | 236–242, 239 | 264–272, 268 | 239–248, 241 |
ti | 288–302, 298 | 216–241, 232 | 252–272, 265 |
ta1 | 141–153, 145 | 108–120, 109 | 132–137, 136 |
ta2 | 98–116, 111 | 60–64, 63 | 72–80, 74 |
ta3 | 72–76, 74 | 50–54, 52 | 74–79, 76 |
ta4 | 36–40, 38 | 26–31, 29 | 36–48, 43 |
ta5 | 31–36, 34 | 30–33, 31 | 33–38, 36 |
LR | 0.49–0.53, 0.51 | 0.45–0.50, 0.49 | 0.48–0.52, 0.50 |
BV | 2.62–2.72, 2. 65 | 3.61–3.66, 3.63 | 2.85–2.89, 2.87 |
SV | 3.50–3.66, 3.61 | 4.69–4.77, 4.71 | 3.73–3.84, 3.79 |
BR | 1.25–1.75, 1.50 | 2.50–2.75, 2.60 | 3.40–3.75, 3.60 |
Hypopygium (Figs
The specific name refers to the Liupan Mountain where the species was collected.
The new species can easily be separated from other related Parakiefferiella species by the following characters: antenna with 10 segments; anal point square, lacking keel and bearing four setae laterally; inferior volsella without dorsal setae and covered with microtrichia.
P. liupanensis Liu & Wang, sp. n. is closely related to P. bathophila (Kiffer, 1912). However, the new species differs from the latter on the basis of the following characters: (1) the antenna of the new species with ten flagellomeres, whereas P. bathophila possesses 13 flagellomeres; (2) the hypopygium of P. bathophila with triangular superior volsella, whereas in the new species it is absent; (3) the anal point of the new species obtuse triangular, not tapered apically, whereas P. bathophila gradually tapered to apex; (4) the shape of inferior volsella in the new species square, without dorsal setae, whereas P. bathophila triangular, with dorsal setae.
Female and immature stages unknown.
Parakiefferiella tamatriangulata Sasa, 1981: 94;
1 ♂, Liaoning Province, Dandong City, Fengcheng County, 40°51'00"N, 124°07'00"E, 25.iv. 1992, Sweeping net, Wang JC.
Total length 2.06–2.29 mm. Wing length 1.02–1.37 mm. AR 0.38–0.53. Anal lobe reduced. Laterosernite IX with five setae. Phallapodeme 36–38 μm long. Transverse sternapodeme 74–81 μm long. Anal point small, triangular and with pointed apex, bare and hyaline excepting the basal portion with microtrichia. Inferior volsella semicircular, bearing dorsal setae. Gonostylus 6 μm long, narrowed apically, distinctly bent and curved inward in dorsal view. Megaseta 10 μm long. HR 2.18. HV 1.56.
The Chinese specimens mainly agree with the original description by
China (Palaearctic China: Liaoning Province), Japan.
1 | Tergites banded | 2 |
– | Tergites unicolor | 3 |
2 | Tergites III and VIII dark brown, others pale yellow; all veins bare | P. fasciata Liu & Wang, sp. n. |
– | All tergites with a narrow dark band on caudal margin; veins very delicate and colorless | P. tipuliformis (Tokunaga) |
3 | Antenna with 13 flagellomeres; inferior volsella triangular or semicircular, bearing dorsal setae | 4 |
– | Antenna with 10 flagellomeres; inferior volsella square lacking dorsal setae | P. liupanensis Liu & Wang, sp. n. |
4 | Anal lobe developed; inferior volsella large, roughly triangular | P. bathophila (Kieffer) |
– | Anal lobe reduced; inferior volsella semicircular | P. tamatriangulata Sasa |
Financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, grant No. 31272284; 31301908; 31460572; J1210005), Fauna of China (FY120100) and Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (14JCQNJC14600) are acknowledged with thanks. We are grateful to Bingchun Ji and Yufen Li who made parts of slide preparations.