Research Article |
Corresponding author: Galileu P.S. Dantas ( galileu.psd@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Fabio Laurindo da Silva
© 2016 Galileu P.S. Dantas, Neusa Hamada, Humberto F. Mendes.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Dantas GPS, Hamada N, Mendes HF (2016) Denopelopia amicitia, a new Tanypodinae from Brazil (Diptera, Chironomidae). ZooKeys 553: 107-117. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.553.5988
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A new species of Denopelopia from Brazil is described based on adult male and pupa. The male of the new species can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by the genitalia and fore-tibial spur morphology. The pupa is very similar to those of D. atria, but it can be distinguished by the absence of distinct constrictions in the respiratory atrium of the thoracic horn. Generic diagnosis to male and pupa of Denopelopia is emended and keys to male and pupae of known species are provided.
Tanypodinae, Pentaneurini, Amazonian, Neotropical Region, taxonomy, aquatic Insects
The tanypod genus Denopelopia was erected by
After the genus description, one undescribed species was reported from Panama based on adult male (
In the present study, a new species from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest is described based on adult male and pupa, the generic diagnosis to male and pupa of Denopelopia (
A pupa was collected in a small pond using a hand net. It was reared in laboratory isolated in a vial to obtain the associated adult; for further details on rearing techniques see
Denopelopia Roback & Rutter, 1988: 117.
Denopelopia atria Roback & Rutter, 1988.
Based on the additional characters found in D. amicitia sp. n., the generic diagnosis for the pupa and male of Denopelopia given by
Holotype male with pupal exuviae, Brazil, Amazonas State, Presidente Figueiredo, pisciculture pond, BR 174-Km 121, 01°55’50.2’’ S, 60°03’02.0” W, 10/xii/2012, G.P.S. Dantas, (
Male: AR 1.92; wing with well-developed anal lobe; spur of the fore tibia with the most basal tooth longer and slender than the other lateral teeth and strongly curved backwards; tergite IX rounded; gonocoxite with a well-developed setose lobe at the base. Pupa: with a distinct apical nipple, 38 µm long and 42 µm wide, L/W 0.9; absence of distinct constrictions in the respiratory atrium of the thoracic horn.
From Latin, amicitia, meaning friends, referring to friends who helped during fieldwork.
(n = 1). Total length 2.90 mm. Wing length 1.7 mm. Total length/wing length 1.67. Wing length/length of profemur 2.34.
General coloration brown. Head yellow, occipital area brown; maxillary palp yellow; pedicel yellow, brown near the insertion of the flagellum; flagellomere I–XII light brown, VIII–VIV yellow. Thorax dark brown, pleura light brown. Legs yellow. Wings with membrane transparent, veins yellow. Abdomen: T I yellow, with light brown pigmentation on the anterolateral margin, T II–III yellow with clear brown band close to anterior margin; TIV with 1/3 anterior brown; TV–VIII brown, genitalia yellow.
Head (Fig.
Thorax (Fig.
Wing (Figs
Legs. Fore leg: tibia with an apical, pectinate spur, 47 µm long, with three lateral teeth and one elongate apical tooth, the most basal tooth is longer and slender than the other lateral teeth and strongly curved backwards (Fig.
Lengths (in µm) and proportions of leg segments in Denopelopia amicitia sp. n., male (n = 1).
Fe | ti | ta1 | ta2 | ta3 | ta4 | ta5 | LR | BV | SV | |
p1 | 729 | 850 | 743 | 422 | 341 | 204 | 109 | 0.87 | 2.16 | 2.12 |
p2 | 717 | 1016 | 758 | 412 | 294 | 184 | 109 | 0.75 | 2.49 | 2.29 |
p3 | 782 | 797 | 550 | 315 | 220 | 132 | 93 | 0.80 | 2.80 | 2.87 |
Hypopygium (Figs
(n = 1). Dimensions. Male abdomen 2.63 mm long.
Coloration. Cephalothorax brownish; thoracic horn dark brown, apical nipple transparent, plastron plate yellowish. Tergite I light brown, scar brown, T II-AL brown (Fig.
Cephalothorax. Frontal apotome somewhat triangular (Fig.
Abdomen (Fig.
To date, Labrundinia is the only genus in the Tanypodinae which features a rounded male tergite IX, considered a synapomorphy for the group (
The male of D. amicitia sp. n. can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by the hypopygium morphology. It has a well-developed setose lobe at the base of the gonocoxite, which is absent or reduced in other species of the genus. In addition, the male of D. amicitia sp. n. has the anal lobe of the wing well-developed, which sets it apart from D. viridula and D. diaoluonica, that have it reduced and absent, respectively; the absence of two scale-shaped bristles at the apex of the anterior tibia, the well-developed anal lobe of the wing and the sternapodeme with a pointed anterior process, distinguishes D. amicitia sp. n. from D. irioquerea; the morphology of the anterior tibial spur and the rounded tergite IX distinguishes D. amicitia sp. n. from D. moema and D. atria. The pupal stage is similar to that of D. atria due to the morphology of the thoracic horn and the number of lateral filaments on tergite VII, but can be distinguished by the absence of distinct constrictions in the respiratory atrium and by the low length/width ratio of the apical nipple.
There is little information on the biology of Denopelopia, since only D. atria has its immature stages described. This species was described based on material collected and reared from a shallow drainage ditch amongst Typha sp., with low dissolved oxygen and relatively high iron concentrations (
The pupa of D. amicitia sp. n. was collected in a small disabled pisciculture pond, associated with marginal vegetation, in a eutrophic environment where a carcass of a large animal, in advanced stages of decomposition, was observed.
Several attempts to collect additional material were made; however, the pond where it was collected was drained and sampling in the adjacent areas, such as streams and wetlands, was not successful.
1 | Apex of fore tibia with two large scale-like setae | D. irioquerea (Sasa & Suzuki, 2000) |
– | Fore tibiae without scale-like setae | 2 |
2 | Gonocoxite with a well-developed setose lobe at the base | D. amicitia sp. n |
– | Gonocoxite without a well-developed setose lobe at the base | 3 |
3 | Wing with well-developed anal lobe | 4 |
– | Wing with reduced or absent anal lobe | 5 |
4 | Anterior margin of abdominal segment I and IV with distinctive brown spots | D. moema Silva, Wiedenbrug & Oliveira, 2014 |
– | Anterior margin of abdominal segment I and IV without brown spots | D. atria Roback & Rutter, 1988 |
5 | AR > 0.9; wing with anal lobe reduced | D. viridula Cheng & Wang, 2005 |
– | AR < 0.6; wing with anal lobe absent | D. diaoluonica Cheng & Wang, 2005 |
1 | Respiratory atrium without distinct constriction (Fig. |
D. amicitia sp. n |
– | Respiratory atrium with distinct constriction; proportion L/W of apical nipple of thoracic horn about 2.0 | D. atria Roback & Rutter, 1988 |
Thanks are due to Daniara Colpani, Gizelle Amora Gusmão, Jeferson Oliveira da Silva, and Thaís Melo de Almeida for help during fieldwork. We would like to express our gratitude to the anonymous reviewers. This study was partially supported by PRONEX-CNPq-FAPEAM project (infrastructure), PROTAX Program/ CNPq (G.P.S. Dantas PhD fellowship), MCTI/PPI and CNPq fellowship to N. Hamada. H.F. Mendes received a grant from FAPESP (2011/50162-1).