Research Article |
Corresponding author: Yiping Wang ( wyp@zafu.edu.cn ) Academic editor: Matthew Buffington
© 2016 Juli Pujade-Villar, Yiping Wang, Rui Guo, Xue-xin Chen.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Pujade-Villar J, Wang Y, Guo R, Chen X (2015) Revision on Palaearctic species of Periclistus Förster with description of a new species and its host plant gall (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). ZooKeys 596: 65-75. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.596.5945
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Palaearctic species of Periclistus Förster has been systematically described, but a new inquiline gall-wasp, Periclistus qinghainensis sp. n., is described from China. This species was obtained from an unknown stem gall induced on Rosa sp. Diagnosis, distribution and biology of the new species are described in this paper. After examining the types of P. idoneus Belizin, 1973 and P. capillatus Belizin, 1968, it is concluded that P. idoneus belongs to genus Aulacidea, and P. capillatus is a valid species of Periclistus. A key to the Palaearctic Periclistus species is also given.
Cynipidae , Gallwasp, inquiline, Periclistus , taxonomy, revision, China
Synergini is an important tribe of the family Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) with a worldwide distribution. They are biologically characterized for being inquilines: although they have lost the ability to induce galls, they are still able to directly modify the gall tissue that surrounds them, inducing the characteristic nutritive tissue usually found in the larval chambers of the gall-inducers (
The Synergini includes 186 species of inquilines grouped in nine genera (
Periclistus is a small genus with 14 species distributed across the Holarctic region, three of them having an uncertain status: P. idoneus Belizin, 1973, P. mongolicus Belizin, 1973 and P. capillatus Belizin, 1968 (
Despite being morphologically similar to Synophromorpha Ashmead, Periclistus can be distinguished by the following characters (
The types of P. idoneus and P. capillatus described by Belizin from Hurfeish (Israel) and Primorskij Kraj (Russian Far East) respectively, have been examined in this study. They are deposited in
The galls of the new species described here were collected on May 2010 in the north western province of Qinghai of China. During this month the weather is still cold, the branches of trees are still covered by snow and the useful characters to determine the Rosa species are not present in the plant, so it was impossible to identify it; in addition, in China there are approximately 100 described species of Rosa, making it hard to establish a potential candidate. Hence, the galls were sent to Y. Wang without determination of Rosa species.
The current terminology describing the cynipid gall-wasp morphology follows
Measurements were made under a Leica MZ 12.5 stereomicroscope (Wetzlar, Germany), and photos were taken with a digital camera (Q-Imaging, Micropublisher 3.3 RTV) attached to the Leica MZ APO stereomicroscope (Wetzlar, Germany) using software of Synoptics Auto- Montage version 5.0.
Specimens of the new species are deposited in the
Periclistus capillatus Belizin, 1968: 718–719.
1 ♀ deposited in
This species is characterized by the following characters: black head and mesosoma, chestnut brown to black metasoma, testaceous antennae and legs; 12-segmented antenna, F1 and F2 subequal in length (4:5); an alutaceous mesoscutum with piliferous points and sparse pubescence; notauli and posterior medial sulcus present, short, both extending to ¼ of total scutum length; parapsidal lines and anterior parallel lines present; smooth mesopleuron; closed radial cell (although both R1 and its projection in margin of forewing nearly inconspicuous), short, 3 times as long as broad; areola visible; metasomal tergites fused (T2+T3) and smooth, with an anterolateral patch of white setae; the subsequent segments are micropunctuated and glabrous.
This species presents characters belonging to Asian species (scutal and mesopleural sculpture) and characters belonging to European species (radial cell length and shape). A key provided at the end differentiates this species from its congeners.
Periclistus idoneus Belizin, 1973: 26.
1 ♀ deposited in
After examining the holotype, we conclude that this species belongs to genus Aulacidea. After determining the specimen following the Palaearctic Aulacidea species key made by
Periclistus mongolicus Belizin, 1973: 26.
This species described from Mongolia was considered by
Periclistus qinghainensis sp. n. differs from all of the known Periclistus species in the absence of notauli. Periclistus qinghainensis sp. n. is morphologically similar to two Japanese species (P. natalis Taketani & Yasumatsu and P. quinlani Taketani & Yasumatsu) and the Far East Russian species (P. capillatus) in having a smooth and shiny mesoscutum (very weakly alutaceous in P. capillatus) with dispersed piliferous points and smooth mesopleuron, but it differs from all these species in having a partially closed radial cell (radial cell opened in P. natalis and P. quinlani while closed and shorter in P. capillatus), shorter F1 than F2 (F1 and F2 subequal in P. natalis and P. quinlani) and the absence of notauli (present in the other three species). Periclistus qinghainensis sp. n. differs from the European species in having the radial cell partially closed (closed in P. caninae (Hartig) and P. brandtii Ratzeburg), a smooth and shiny mesoscutellum (uniformly and delicately coriaceous scutellum with a dense and short pilosity without piliferous points in the European species) and the length and width of the radial cell (more than 4.0 times as long as wide in P. qinghainensis while around 3.0 times in P. brandtii and P. caninae).
Length. Female. Body length 2.1 mm, and fore wing 2.8 mm.
Colour. Body black, except yellow tegulae and antennae, scapus and apical flagellomere darker; coxae dark brown, rest of the legs yellowish; forewing hyaline, with brown veins.
Head (Fig.
Antenna. Female (Fig.
Mesosoma (Fig.
Fore wing (Fig.
Metasoma. Female (Fig.
Holotype. ♀, China: Qinghai, Huzhu, Bei Mountain (102°32'E, 36°51'N), 2010-V-6, Guo Rui, reared in galls on Rosa sp. Paratypes. 6♀♀1 ♂, same labels as the holotype (1♀ paratype UB).
China (Qinghai).
Reared from stem galls on Rosa sp. (Fig.
The new species is named after the province where it was collected.
Periclistus includes 12 species in the Holarctic region, seven species known from America to the north of Mexico (P. arefactus McCracken & Egbert; P. californicus Ashmead; P. obliquus Provancher; P. piceus Fullaway; P. pirata (Osten Sacken); P. semipiceus (Harris); and P. smilacis (Ashmead) (Burk 1979;
Periclistus species are associated with Diplolepis and Liebelia galls, except P. smilacis, a Nearctic species known from Florida reared in galls of Diastrophus smilacis (
Periclistus natalis and P. quinlani are morphologically very similar (both having complete shallow notauli, smooth and shiny mesopleuron, and opened radial cell of the forewing), and share the same gall host (Diplolepis japonica (Walker)) and host plant (Rosa polyantha Sieb. & Zucc.); however, the authors of these species (
The species described here, Periclistus qinghainensis, is similar to two Japanese species (P. natalis and P. quinlani) and a Far Eastern Russian species (P. capillatus). They share a punctured mesoscutum and smooth and shiny mesopleuron. These characters are exclusive of these four species from the rest of the Eastern Palaearctic Periclistus. Periclistus qinghainensis presents a partially closed radial cell, an intermediate characteristic between the open radial cell of the Japanese species and the remaining of Palaearctic species (P. caninae and P. brandtii both present a closed radial cell). As mentioned above, P. capillatus is intermediate between the Japanese and Chinese species and the remaining of Palaearctic species
1 | Mesopleuron entirely smooth, shiny, without striae; mesoscutum smooth or alutaceous, shiny, with sparse setae and piliferous points | 2 |
– | Mesopleuron with more or less delicate striae; mesoscutum dull and uniformly coriaceous, with dense setae | 5 |
2 | Forewing with the radial cell partially closed (Fig. |
P. qinghainensis sp. n. |
– | Forewing with radial cell opened or closed; notauli shallow but distinct; metasoma reddish-brown in females | 3 |
3 | Radial cell short, around 3.0 times as long as the width; forewing hyaline | P. capillatus Belizin, 1968 |
– | Radial cell longer, around 4.0 times as long as the width; forewing with small clouded macula posterior to anterior margin near apex of radial cell | 4 |
4 | Notaular pits present anteriorly but weakly impressed; and metasoma reddish-brown | P. natalis Taketani & Jasumatzu, 1973 |
– | Notaular pits absent; and metasoma blackish brown | P. quinlani Taketani & Jasumatzu, 1973 |
5 | Notauli complete; mesopleuron entirely striated, without smooth and shiny patch; fused second and third metasomal tergites of females and third metasomal tergite in males without punctuation or only with some punctures in dorso posterior part | P. brandtii Ratzeburg, 1831 |
– | Notauli incomplete, absent or very indistinct in the anterior half; mesopleuron mainly striate but with a smooth and shining patch posteriorly; the fused second and third metasomal tergites of females and third metasomal tergite in males with a narrow band of punctuation in posterior part | P. caninae (Hartig, 1840) |
We would like to thank Sergey Belokobylskij and Oleg Kovalev (
In the monent to publish this manuscript the Synergini is reestructred according to