Clubiona sensu lato currently contains more than 500 nominal species and is one of the largest genera of Araneae (Marusik and Omelko 2018; WSC 2021). Several major taxonomic studies on a regional scale have been conducted, e.g., Simon (1932) for the French species, Lohmander (1944) for the Swedish species, Wiehle (1965) for the German species, Wunderlich (2011) for the European species, Edwards (1958) for the North American species, Dondale and Redner (1982) for the Canadian and Alaskan species, Mikhailov (1990, 1991, 1995, 2002, 2012) for the Palaearctic species, and Deeleman-Reinhold (2001) for the Southeast Asian species.

There are 14 generic names that are currently considered junior synonyms of Clubiona (see above list). Beyond that, at least ten subgeneric and 20 species group names have been recognised for subdivisions of the genus (Lohmander 1944; Dondale and Redner 1982; Mikhailov 1990, 1991, 1995, 2002; Deeleman-Reinhold 2001). However, almost all generic and subgeneric statuses were suppressed by Mikhailov (1990, 1991, 1995, 2002, 2012) and Deeleman-Reinhold (2001). At present, only a dozen species group names are used for the taxonomy of the genus. Although there is no agreement on the limits of most species groups, some groups present a distinct set of characters with relatively stable species composition and are currently accepted by most taxonomists. There are at least 16 species groups discussed or frequently used in recent publications: C. apiculata group, C. corticalis group (corresponds to Atalia and Paraclubiona), C. hystrix group (corresponds to Hirtia), C. japonica group (corresponds to Tolophus and Japoniona), C. trivialis group (corresponds to Microclubiona), C. pallidula group and C. obesa group (belongs to Clubiona s. str.), C. abboi group (mainly distributed in North America, may be elevated to genus level in the future), C. similis group (corresponds to Epiclubiona), C. lutescens group (corresponds to Heteroclubiona), C. reclusa group (corresponds to Euryclubiona), C. caerulescens group (corresponds to Gauroclubiona), C. marmorata group (corresponds to Marmorclubiona), C. brevipess group (corresponds to Breviclubiona), C. zilla group (corresponds to Anaclubiona), C. genevensis group.

According to the quite diverse copulatory structures of both sexes, Clubiona sensu lato has been widely regarded as paraphyletic and will likely be split in the future (Wunderlich 2011; Marusik and Omelko 2018; Zhang and Yu 2020). However, we agree with Mikhailov (2012) regarding the need of an extensive, large-scale review of the genus. Consequently, the present study follows the WSC (2021) and Mikhailov (2012), and temporarily places all species in Clubiona sensu lato.

See Dankittipakul and Singtripop (2014) and Yu and Li (2019a).

See Dankittipakul and Singtripop (2014).

Clubiona apiculata Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2014 (♂♀), C. conica Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2014 (♂♀), C. cylindriformis Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2014 (♂) and C. cultrata Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2014 (♂) endemic to Borneo, C. yaoi Yu & Li, 2019 (♂♀) and C. milingae Barrion-Dupo, Barrion & Heong, 2013 (♂♀) from China.

The Clubiona milingae group was established by Dankittipakul and Singtripop (2014) for four Borneo species. Yu and co-authors assigned two Chinese species to the species group (Yu and Li 2019; Zhang et al. 2020). The group presents a distinct set of characters, can be considered monophyletic, and may deserve the status of a separate genus in the future.

Types. Holotype ♂ (IZCAS Ar 34498), 1♀ (paratype, IZCAS Ar 34499), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Menglun Town: XTBG, secondary forest, 21°54.459'N, 101°16.755'E, ca. 644 m, 20.XI.2009, G. Tang and Z.Y. Yao leg. Other material examined. 1♂ (YHCLU0002), XTBG, leprosy village, 21°53.593'N, 101°17.329'E, ca. 559 m, 5.VIII.2018, H. Yu et al. leg.; 1♀ (YHCLU0003), XTBG, teak plantation, 21°54.117'N, 101°16.167'E, ca. 549 m, 8.VIII.2018, H. Yu et al. leg.

See Yu and Li (2019a). Male palp as in Figs 62A, B, 72A, B, epigyne as in Figs 80A, 88A, 96A.

Known only from Xishuangbanna.

Clubuiona milingae.

See Mikhailov (1995), Deeleman-Reinhold (2001), and Yu and Li (2019a).

See Mikhailov (1995) and Deeleman-Reinhold (2001).

Based on previous publications (Mikhailov 1995, 1998; Deeleman-Reinhold 2001; Ono and Hayashi 2009; Huang and Chen 2012; Wu et al. 2015; Yu and Li 2019a, b; Zhang and Yu 2020), at least 67 Clubiona species have been assigned to the corticalis group (from rows 1–67 in Table 3). A few other known species (from rows 68–73 in Table 3) resemble to some species in rows 1–67, but as no one indicated the group placement of these species, they are assigned tentatively to the corticalis group in the present paper for the lack of a better solution.

At least two generic names are available for the corticalis group, Atalia Thorell, 1887 (type species A. concinna) and Paraclubiona Lohmander, 1944 (type species C. corticalis) (Zhang et al. 2018). The two taxa are currently considered junior synonyms of Clubiona (Wu et al. 2015; WSC 2021). The corticalis group is one of the most speciose clubionid groups and can be further divided into at least four or five subgroups based on morphological characters and molecular data (pers. obs.). We believe that the group deserves the status of a separate genus that can be further divided into several species groups in the future. A review of the genus Clubiona sensu lato and the corticalis group are not within the scope of this work.

Most species of the C. corticalis group are known from both sexes (Table 3); six species are known from males only: C. fanjingshan, C. huiming, and C. subcylindrica from Mt. Fanjing in Guizhou Province (1000 km from Xishuangbanna) and C. lamina, C. aculeata, and C. tengchong from northwest Yunnan (ca. 500 km from Xishuangbanna, Southeast Yunnan). We describe six new species known from females only in the present paper. In consideration of limited distribution ranges in almost all of the corticalis group species (Table 3), Xishuangbanna species are less likely to conspecific to the six species which are known from males only. None of our new species could be matched with C. lamina, C. aculeata, and C. tengchong due to their different habitus: Xishuangbanna species exhibit typical Southeast Asian corticalis group features, such as a lack of dark markings on the abdomen (Figs 2F, G, 15F, G, 18F, G, 22F, G, 23F, G, 24F, G) (vs. posteriorly with several chevron-shaped patterns dorsally on the abdomen of C. lamina, C. aculeata, and C. tengchong).

Types. Holotype ♂ (IZCAS Ar 34701), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Menglun Town: XTBG, Paramichelia baillonii plantation, 21°54.772'N, 101°16.043'E, ca. 556 m, 18.VII.2007, G. Zheng leg. Other material examined. 1♀, Jinghong City: Pingguan Town, monsoon forest, 22°13.212'N, 100°53.151'E, ca. 832 m, 21.VII.2012, Q.Y. Zhao and C.X. Gao leg; 1♂ (YHCLU0068), Mengyang County: monsoon forest, 21°54.117'N, 101°55.210'E, ca. 856 m, 16.VII.2012, Q.Y. Zhao and C.X. Gao leg; 1♀ (YHCLU0079), Jinghong City: Pingguan Town, monsoon forest, 22°13.668'N, 100°53.351'E, ca. 888 m, 20.VII.2012, Q.Y. Zhao and C.X. Gao leg.

Females of C. cochlearis are similar to those of C. lyriformis (Yin et al. 2012: 1110, fig. 586a–c). The two species share a similarly large atrium, tubular and sinuous spermathecae, and the copulatory ducts are proximally wide and distally narrow. They differ in the following: (1) atrium is nearly apple-shaped in C. cochlearis (Figs 1A–C, 73A, 81A) (vs. atrium shaped like a violin in C. lyriformis; Yin et al. 2012: fig. 586b); (2) size and location of copulatory openings (copulatory openings are larger and situated laterally in atrium in C. cochlearis vs. relatively small and located at basolateral atrial borders in C. lyriformis) (cf. Figs 1A–C, 73A, 81A and Yin et al. 2012: fig. 586c). Males of C. cochlearis can be easily recognised by the robust, spoon-shaped embolus (Figs 53A, 63A) from all others in the species group.

Male. See Yu and Li (2019b). Male palp as in Figs 53A, 63A.

Female (Fig. 1F, G). Total length 7.38; carapace 3.64 long, 2.61 wide; opisthosoma 3.75 long, 2.53 wide. Carapace brown, darker in cephalic area, without distinct pattern; cephalic region slightly narrowed, cervical groove indistinct; tegument smooth, with short, fine setae. Eyes: AER slightly recurved, PER slightly wider than AER, almost straight in dorsal view. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.10, PME 0.13, PLE 0.15, AME–AME 0.21, AME–ALE 0.18, PME–PME 0.49, PME–PLE 0.38, MOQL 0.40, MOQA 0.49, MOQP 0.76. Chelicerae robust and brownish red, with four promarginal teeth and two retromarginal denticles. Sternum pale brown, 1.86 long, 1.24 wide. Labium and endites coloured as carapace. Legs light brown, without distinct markings. Leg measurements: I 7.18 (2.20, 2.88, 1.33, 0.77), II 7.66 (12.21, 3.12, 1.47, 0.85), III 7.11 (2.34, 2.53, 1.60, 0.65), IV 9.65 (2.93, 3.32, 2.61, 0.78). Abdomen oval, dorsally grey with dense setae and a lengthwise white heart mark reaching posterior half; with a pair of muscle depressions located at distal part of heart mark; venter uniformly white, without pattern.

Epigyne (Figs 1A–E, 73A, 81A, 89A). Epigynal plate nearly as broad as long, spermathecae and bursae indistinctly visible through integument. Atrium ca. 1/3 of epigyne length and width, more or less apple-shaped, slightly concave anteromedially. Copulatory openings large, located at lateral atrial borders. Copulatory ducts long, proximally thick-walled, extend posteriorly, the latter half slender, ascending obliquely, then connecting with spermathecae at central axis of the vulva. Spermathecae tubular, long and sinuous, strongly convoluted. Fertilisation ducts short and curved, acicular. Bursae situated posteriorly, ovoid, relatively large, close together, ca. 1.5 × longer than wide, surface translucent and smooth.

Known only from Xishuangbanna.

The female of the species is described for the first time.

♀ (IZCAS-Ar 34748), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Jinghong City: Menga Town: Wengnan Village: secondary forest, 21°24.265'N, 101°37.296'E, ca. 693 m, 28.VI.2012, Q.Y. Zhao and C.X. Gao leg. Other material examined. 1♀ (YHCLU0080), Mengla County: Nanshahe Village: monsoon forest, 21°36.200'N, 101°34.384'E, ca. 826 m, 14.VII.2012, Q.Y. Zhao and C.X. Gao leg.

The specific name is derived from the Chinese pinyin dēng pào, which means ‘lamp bulb’, referring to the atrium which is shaped like a light bulb; noun in apposition.

This new species is similar to C. cochlearis (Figs 1A–E, 73A, 81A, 89A) and C. yejiei sp. nov. (Figs 23A–E, 73C, 81C, 89C) in having a large atrium and long, tubular and sinuous spermathecae but can be easily distinguished by the light bulb-shaped atrium (Figs 2A–C, 73B, 81B) (vs. apple-shaped in C. cochlearis and ellipsoid in C. yejiei; Figs 1A–C, 73A, 81A, 23A–C, 73C, 81C), and by lacking a fovea (Fig. 2F) (vs. fovea present in C. cochlearis and C. yejiei; Figs 1F, 23F).

Female. Holotype (Fig. 2F, G): Total length 7.86; carapace 3.98 long, 2.51 wide; opisthosoma 3.87 long, 2.36 wide. Carapace greyish white, without pattern, fovea absent; pars cephalica slightly narrowed, cervical groove and radial grooves indistinguishable; tegument smooth, marginally clothed with dense setae. Eyes: AER slightly recurved, PER slightly wider than AER, almost straight in dorsal view. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.19, PME 0.18, PLE 0.14, AME–AME 0.18, AME–ALE 0.15, PME–PME 0.44, PME–PLE 0.28, MOQL 0.52, MOQA 0.49, MOQP 0.79. Chelicerae coloured as carapace, with four teeth on promargin and three teeth on retromargin. Sternum nearly pure white, 1.99 long, 1.15 wide. Labium and endites coloured as carapace, sparsely covered with setae. Legs coloured as carapace, dorsally covered with black setae, without markings. Leg measurements: I 6.85 (2.01, 2.67, 1.33, 0.85), II 7.21 (2.19, 2.82, 1.45, 0.75), III 6.57 (2.07, 2.22, 1.64, 0.65), IV 8.94 (2.65, 2.79, 2.58, 0.93). Abdomen oval, dorsum light grey, anteriorly and marginally with conspicuous tuft of brown setae, heart mark and muscle depressions indistinct; venter coloured as dorsum, without pattern.

Epigyne (Figs 2A–E, 73B, 81B, 89B). Epigynal plate slightly longer than wide, margin not rebordered; copulatory ducts, spermathecae and bursae indistinctly visible through transparent integument. Atrium large, shaped like a tungsten lamp bulb, ca. 1.2 × longer than wide, ca. 1/3 of epigyne length. Copulatory openings indistinct, close together, located at posterior atrial margin. Copulatory ducts short and thick, heavily sclerotised, descend obliquely, then connect to spermathecae. Spermathecae long and wrinkled, consisting of tubular proximal part and sac-like distal part, with thin fertilisation ducts terminally. Bursae large, ovoid, 1.3 × longer than wide, surface translucent and wrinkled.

Male. Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China.

1♂ (YHCLU0015), 1♀ (YHCLU0016), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Menglun Town: XTBG, flower garden, 21°55.915'N, 101°15.099'E, ca. 550 m, 18.VII.2018, X.Q Mi et al. leg; 1♂, XTBG, low evergreen forest, 21°53.794'N, 101°17.152'E, ca. 594 m, 27.XI.2009, G. Tang and Z.Y. Yao leg; 2♀, XTBG, bamboo plantation, 21°53.640'N, 101°16.940'E, ca. 580 m, 3.XII.2009, G. Tang and Z.Y. Yao leg; 1♂3♀, XTBG, rubber-tea plantation, 21°55.239'N, 101°15.854'E, ca. 572 m, 28.VII.2018, Z.G. Chen et al. leg.

See Yu and Li (2019b). Male palp as in Figs 54A, 64A, epigyne as in Figs 74E, 82E, 90E.

Known only from Xishuangbanna.

Clubiona kai.

1♀ (YHCLU0052), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Menglun Town: XTBG, 300 acre-feet teak plantation, 21°54.033'N, 101°16.400'E, ca. 554 m, 10.VIII.2018, Z.G. Chen et al. leg; 1♂ (YHCLU0259), XTBG, Anogeissus acuminata plantation, 21°53.992'N, 101°16.948'E, ca. 596 m, 9.V.2019, Z.L. Bai et al. leg; 1♂, XTBG, Lvshilin Forest Park, limestone tropical seasonal rainforest, 21°54.714'N, 101°16.953'E, ca. 660 m, 16.XI.2009, G. Tang and Z.Y. Yao leg; 3♂7♀, XTBG, Lvshilin Forest Park, limestone tropical seasonal rainforest, 21°54.555'N, 101°16.860'E, ca. 610 m, 29.XI.2009, G. Tang and Z.Y. Yao leg.

See Yu and Li (2019b). Male palp as in Figs 54B, 64B, epigyne as in Figs 74C, 82C, 90C.

Laos (Luang Prabang), China (Yunnan).

Clubiona didentata.

1♂, 1♀, China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Menglun Town: XTBG, rubber plantation, 21°54.350'N, 101°16.461'E, ca. 614 m, 11.VIII.2007, G. Zheng leg.

See Ono (1986). Male palp as in Figs 3, 56A, 66A, epigyne as in Figs 4A–D, 66A, 84A, 92A, habitus as in Fig. 4E–H.

Korea, Japan (from Honshu to Southwest Islands), China (Yunnan, Taiwan).

Clubiona bucera.

1♂ (YHCLU0025), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Menglun Town: XTBG, Paramichelia baillonii plantation, 21°54.183'N, 101°16.967'E, ca. 596 m, 1.VIII.2018, Z.G. Chen leg; 1♀ (YHCLU0024), XTBG, secondary tropical forest, 21°54.833'N, 101°16.781'E, ca. 575 m, 31.VII.2018, Z.G. Chen leg; 4♂6♀, XTBG, Anogeissus acuminata plantation, 21°53.992'N, 101°16.948'E, ca. 596 m, 2.XII.2009, G. Tang and Z.Y. Yao leg.

See Huang and Chen (2012). Male palp as in Figs 5, 55A, 65A, epigyne as in Figs 6A–D, 75A, 83A, 91A, habitus as in Fig. 6E–H.

China (Yunnan, Hubei, Taiwan).

Clubiona submoralis.

1♂ (YHCLU0076), 1♀ (YHCLU0077), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Menglun Town: XTBG, 48^th km landmark in Menglun Nature Reserve, 21°58.704'N, 101°19.748'E, ca. 1088 m, 11.VIII.2011, G. Zheng et al. leg; 2♂5♀, XTBG, secondary tropical montane evergreen broad-leaved forest, 21°57.534'N, 101°12.300'E, ca. 860 m, 4.VIII.2007, G. Zheng leg.

See Liu et al. (2016). Male palp as in Figs 7, 56B, 66B, epigyne as in Figs 8A–D, 75D, 83D, 91D, habitus as in Fig. 8E–H.

China (Yunnan).

Clubiona submoralis.

1♂ (YHCLU0143), China, Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Bubang Village: monsoon forest, 21°36.827'N, 101°34.847'E, ca. 690 m, 12.VIII.2012, G. Zheng et al. leg; 1♀ (YHCLU0260), Mengla County: Manda Village: secondary forest, 22°01.421'N, 101°23.418'E, ca. 1188 m, 28.VII.2012, Q.Y. Zhao and Z.G. Chen leg; 6♂7♀, Menglun Town: XTBG, 55^th km landmark in the Menglun Nature Reserve, tropical ravine rainforest, 21°54.883'N, 101°12.147'E, ca. 829 m, 15.VIII.2011, Q.Y. Zhao and Z.G. Chen leg.

See Deeleman-Reinhold (2001) and Dankittipakul and Singtripop (2008b). Male palp as in Figs 9, 55C, 65C, epigyne as in Figs 10A–D, 75C, 83C, 91C, habitus as in Fig. 10E–H.

Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima), Indonesia (Borneo), China (Yunnan).

Clubiona xiaoci sp. nov.

1♂ (YHCLU0020), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Menglun Town: XTBG, Rainforest Nature Park, 21°55.017'N, 101°16.450'E, ca. 572 m, 16.VII.2018, H. Yu leg; 1♀ (YHCLU0021), XTBG, Paramichelia baillonii forest, 21°54.772'N, 101°16.043'E, ca. 556 m, 19.VII.2018, H. Yu leg; 16♂32♀, XTBG, low evergreen forest, 21°53.794'N, 101°17.152'E, ca. 594 m, 27.XI.2009, G. Tang and Z.Y. Yao leg.

See Wu et al. (2015). Male palp as in Figs 11, 56C, 66C, epigyne as in Figs 12A–D, 76B, 84B, 92B, habitus as in Fig. 12E–H.

Known only from Xishuangbanna.

Clubiona globosa.

1♂, China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Jinghong City: Nabanhe Natural Reserve, Mandian Waterfall, monsoon forest, 22°7.845'N, 100°39.749'E, ca. 736 m, 22.VIII.2012, G. Zheng leg.

See Dankittipakul and Singtripop (2008b). Male palp as in Figs 13, 53B, 63B, habitus as in Fig. 14.

India (West Bengal), Thailand (Phitsanulok), China (Yunnan).

Clubiona subrama.

♀ (IZCAS-Ar 34749), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Xiaolongha Village: 22°5.017'N, 100°22.084'E, ca. 1118 m, 24.VII.2012, Q.Y. Zhao and Z.G. Chen leg. Other material examined. 1♀ (YHCLU0073), same data as holotype

The specific name is taken from its similarity to C. didentata; adjective.

The female of C. subdidentata sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other members of the C. corticalis group with the exception of C. didentata (Yu and Li 2019b: 207, figs 6A–D; Figs 74E, 82E, 90E) by having an atrial membrane (atrial membrane is absent in almost all species of the corticalis group) and similar vulva but can be recognised by the nearly equilateral triangular atrial membrane (Figs 15A–C, 74F, 82F) (vs. tongue- shaped in C. didentata; Figs 74E, 82E) and by the distinct copulatory ducts (Figs 15D, E, 90F) (copulatory ducts absent in C. didentata; Fig. 90E).

Female. Holotype (Fig. 15F, G): Total length 3.63; carapace 1.45 long, 1.14 wide; opisthosoma 2.18 long, 1.32 wide. Carapace uniformly greyish white, without any pattern or markings; ocular region distinctly narrowed, cervical groove and radial grooves indistinct; tegument smooth, all setae detached in ethanol. Eyes: AER slightly recurved, PER wider than AER and almost straight in dorsal view. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.09, PME 0.09, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.07, PME–PME 0.19, PME–PLE 0.10, MOQL 0.21, MOQA 0.23, MOQP 0.38. Chelicerae light orange, with three promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Sternum pale brown, 0.80 long, 0.65 wide. Labium and endites coloured as chelicerae. Legs greyish white, uniformly coloured. Leg measurements: I 2.73 (0.81, 1.15, 0.55, 0.23), II 3.15 (0.93, 1.25, 0.74, 0.22), III 2.85 (0.93, 0.95, 0.70, 0.29), IV 3.39 (1.19, 1.32, 1.05, 0.39). Abdomen oval, nearly pure white, with inconspicuous anterior setal tufts, dorsum with two pairs of inconspicuous muscle depressions; venter without pattern.

Epigyne (Figs 15A–E, 74F, 82F, 90F). Epigynal plate ca. 1.5 × wider than long, margin not delimited; spermathecae and bursae prominently visible through epigynal plate. Atrium small, anteriorly covered by an atrial membrane. Atrial membrane shaped nearly like an equilateral triangle, with a blunt apex. Copulatory openings small, located at basolateral atrial borders. Copulatory ducts distinct, extend transversally, connecting to posteriorly located bursae. Spermathecae small, consisting of a bean-shaped proximal part and an acicular distal part, with short fertilisation ducts terminally. Bursae reniform, close together, ca. 1.3 × longer than wide, bursal surface hyaline and smooth, inside pigmented and sclerotised.

Male. Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China.

1♂ (YHCLU0028), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Menglun Town: XTBG, Paramichelia baillonii Forest, 21°54.772'N, 101°16.043'E, ca. 556 m, 19.VII.2018, H. Yu leg; 1♀ (YHCLU0029), XTBG, rubber plantation, 21°54.674'N, 101°16.207'E, ca. 583 m, 21.VII.2018, H. Yu leg.; 6♂8♀, XTBG, secondary forest, 21°54.459'N, 101°16.755'E, ca. 644 m, 20.XI.2009, G. Tang and Z.Y. Yao leg.

See Wu et al. (2015). Male palp as in Figs 16, 55B, 65B, epigyne as in Figs 17A–D, 75B, 83B, 91B, habitus as in Fig. 17E–H.

Known only from Xishuangbanna.

Clubiona moralis.

Types. Holotype ♂ (IZCAS Ar 34524), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Menglun Town: XTBG, Lvshilin Forest Park, limestone tropical seasonal rainforest, 21°54.705'N, 101°16.898'E, ca. 656 m, 13.XI.2009, G. Tang and Z.Y. Yao leg. Other material examined. 1♀, XTBG, rubber plantation, 21°54.498'N, 101°16.326'E, ca. 586 m, 29.II.2009, G. Zheng leg; 1♂ (YHCLU0083) and 1♀ (YHCLU0084), XTBG, Lvshilin Forest Park, evergreen forest, 21°54.555'N, 101°16.860'E, ca. 616 m, 29.XI.2009, G. Tang and Z.Y. Yao leg.

See Yu and Li (2019a). Male palp as in Figs 53C, 63C, epigyne as in Figs 73E, 81E, 89E.

Known only from Xishuangbanna.

Clubiona rama.

Types. Holotype ♂ (IZCAS Ar 34548), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Menglun Town: XTBG, secondary tropical forest, 21°54.380'N, 101°16.815'E, ca. 627 m, 23.XI.2009, G. Tang and Z.Y. Yao leg. Other material examined. 1♀, XTBG, bamboo plantation, 21°54.380'N, 101°16.815'E, ca. 620 m, 21.XI.2009, G. Tang and Z.Y. Yao leg.

See Yu and Li (2019a). Male palp as in Figs 54C, 64C, epigyne as in Figs 75F, 83F, 91F.

Known only from Xishuangbanna.

Clubiona yaginumai.

♀ (IZCAS-Ar 34750), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Jinghong City: Nabanhe Natural Reserve, Mandian Waterfall, monsoon forest, 22°7.845'N, 100°39.749'E, ca. 736 m, 22.VIII.2012, G. Zheng leg.

The specific name is derived from the Chinese pinyin tī xíng, which means ‘trapezoid’, referring to the trapezoidal atrium; noun in apposition.

Females of this species resemble those of C. zhangmuensis (Zhang et al. 2007: 38, figs 7–8) in having a similar atrium and endogyne but can be recognised by the presence of an atrial membrane (Figs 18A–C, 73D, 81D) (vs. absent; Zhang et al. 2007: 38, fig. 7).

Female. Holotype (Fig. 18F, G): Total length 6.62; carapace 2.80 long, 2.02 wide; opisthosoma 3.82 long, 2.28 wide. Carapace brown in alcohol, uniformly coloured, without distinct pattern, ocular region distinctly narrowed, cervical groove and radial grooves indistinct; tegument smooth, clothed with short setae. Eyes: in dorsal view, both AER and PER almost straight, the former narrower than the latter. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.14, ALE 0.15, PME 0.14, PLE 0.12, AME–AME 0.12, AME–ALE 0.13, PME–PME 0.39, PME–PLE 0.24, MOQL 0.43, MOQA 0.41, MOQP 0.67. Chelicerae robust and dark brown, with five promarginal and three retromarginal teeth. Sternum yellowish brown, darker marginally, 1.63 long, 1.00 wide. Labium and endites coloured as carapace. Legs uniformly yellowish white. Leg measurements: I – (1.71, 2.25, –, –), II – (1.78, 2.42, –, –), III – (1.60, 1.88, –, –), IV – (2.11, 2.55, 1.17, –). Abdomen elongate-oval, uniformly pale brown, with numerous brown spots; dorsally with a lengthwise white heart mark, reaching posterior half, with two pairs of muscle depressions located at lateral part of heart mark; venter medially with four longitudinal dotted lines.

Epigyne (Figs 18A–E, 73D, 81D, 89D). Epigynal plate distinctly wider than long, margin not rebordered, spermathecae and bursae are indistinctly visible through epigynal plate in ventral view. Atrium large, more or less rectangular or trapezoidal, ca. 1.3 × wider than long, ca. 1/3 of epigyne length, with tongue-shaped membrane on anterior margin, posterior atrial border not delimited. Copulatory openings indistinct, located at anterolateral atrial borders. Copulatory ducts short, bent dorsally and ascend obliquely to connect with bursae. Spermathecae convoluted, anteriorly situated, spermathecal heads thick. Bursae reniform, close together, ca. 1.6 × longer than wide, surface translucent and wrinkled.

Male. Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China.

Types. Holotype ♂ (IZCAS Ar 34703), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Menglun Town: XTBG, bamboo plantation, 21°53.642'N, 101°16.940'E, ca. 589 m, 22.VII.2018, H. Yu and Z.G. Chen leg. Other material examined. 1♂ (YHCLU0054), XTBG, rubber-tea plantation, 21°55.233'N, 101°15.850'E, ca. 572 m, 16.VII.2018, Hao Yu et al. leg; 1♀ (YHCLU0053), XTBG, Rainforest Nature Park, 21°55.017'N, 101°16.450'E, ca. 572 m, 16.VII.2018, H. Yu et al. leg.

Females of C. tiane resemble those of C. dactylina (Liu et al. 2016: figs 18, 19, 23, 24) in having a semi-circular atrium and tubular spermathecae but differ in the following: (1) indistinct copulatory openings hidden at anterior sides of atrial border (Figs 19A–C, 74D, 82D) (vs. distinct copulatory openings located posteriorly in atrium; Liu et al. 2016: figs 18, 23); (2) more or less lengthwise, thick spermathecae (Figs 19D, E, 90D) (vs. nearly horizontal and relatively thin spermathecae); (3) distinct and thick spermathecal heads (Figs 19D, E, 90D) (vs. indistinct and relatively small spermathecal heads; Liu et al. 2016: figs 19, 24). Males of C. tiane can be easily recognised by the curved embolus shaped like a swan’s neck (Figs 54D, 64D).

Male. See Yu and Li (2019b). Male palp as in Figs 54D, 64D.

Female (Fig. 19F, G). Total length 3.90; carapace 1.77 long, 1.06 wide; opisthosoma 2.14 long, 0.93 wide. Carapace light grey except brownish ocular area, without pattern; ocular region slightly narrowed, cervical groove and radial grooves indistinguishable; tegument smooth, all setae detached in ethanol. Eyes: both AER and PER slightly recurved in dorsal view, PER slightly wider than AER. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.09, PME 0.10, PLE 0.08, AME–AME 0.09, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.17, PME–PLE 0.12, MOQL 0.23, MOQA 0.31, MOQP 0.32. Chelicerae coloured as ocular area, with six promarginal and four retromarginal teeth. Sternum yellowish white, 0.94 long, 0.61 wide. Labium and endites brownish. Legs yellowish white, without distinct markings. Leg measurements: I 2.38 (0.68, 1.12, 0.28, 0.30), II 2.87 (0.87, 1.25, 0.35, 0.39), III 2.30 (0.63, 0.63, 0.79, 0.25), IV 3.78 (1.39, 1.19, 0.88, 0.32). Abdomen elongate, oval, nearly pure white, with inconspicuous anterior setal tufts, dorsum clothed with dense setae; venter uniformly white, without pattern.

Epigyne (Figs 19A–E, 74D, 82D, 90D). Epigynal plate slightly wider than long, margin not rebordered, spermathecae and bursae obscured through epigynal plate in ventral view. Atrium small, semi-circular, ca. 1/4 of epigyne width, anterior atrial border heavily sclerotised. Copulatory openings indistinct, hidden by anterior margin of atrium. Copulatory ducts indistinct, directed posteriorly to connect with spermathecae. Spermathecae longitudinal, with short, acicular fertilisation ducts. Spermathecal heads digitiform and horizontal, arising on the proximal part of the spermathecae. Bursae ovoid, large, close together, ca. 1.7 × longer than wide, surface translucent, with a wrinkled and ribbed appearance.

Known only from Xishuangbanna.

The female of the species is described for the first time.

♂ (IZCAS-Ar 34751), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Jinghong City: Menga Town: Wengnan Village: secondary forest, 22°5.020'N, 100°22.087'E, ca. 1118 m, 24.VII.2012, Q.Y. Zhao and Z.G. Chen leg. Paratype: 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar 34752), same data as holotype. Other material examined. 1 ♂ (YHCLU0088) and 1 ♀ (YHCLU0089), same locality and same collectors as holotype, 22°4.997'N, 100°22.223'E, ca. 1137 m, 25.VII.2012.

The specific name is derived from the Chinese pinyin xiǎo cì, which means ‘small spines’, referring to the short spines located on the palpal tibia and patella; noun in apposition.

Clubiona xiaoci sp. nov. is very similar to C. parconcinna (see Figs 9, 10, 55C, 65C, 75C, 83C, 91C and Deeleman-Reinhold 2001: 117, figs 34–40). Males are similar by the palpal tibia with several short spines. Females of C. xiaoci sp. nov. resemble those of C. parconcinna in having similar atrial anterior margins and globular spermathecae. C. xiaoci sp. nov. can be distinguished from C. parconcinna by the following characters: for the males, conductor absent in C. xiaoci sp. nov. (Figs 20, 55D, 65D) (vs. distinct; Figs 9B, D, E, 55C, 65C), retrolateral patellar apophysis with short, modified spines in new species (Figs 20B, 55D, 65D) (vs. without spines; Figs 9B, 55C, 65C); for the females, copulatory openings are partly fused in C. xiaoci sp. nov. (Figs 21A, B, 75E, 83E) (vs. copulatory openings separated; Figs 10A, B, 75C, 83C), copulatory ducts distinctly shorter and thicker in C. xiaoci sp. nov. (cf. Figs 21C, D, 91E and Figs 10C, D, 91C).

Male. Holotype (Fig. 21E, F): Total length 3.17; carapace 1.51 long, 1.10 wide; opisthosoma 1.66 long, 0.94 wide. Carapace greyish white, slightly lighter in cephalic area, with a pair of short faint lines running longitudinally from behind AME, ocular region distinctly narrowed; cervical groove indistinct; tegument smooth, clothed with short setae. Eyes: AER slightly recurved, PER almost straight, the latter wider than the former. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE 0.06, AME–AME 0.07, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.10, PME–PLE 0.07, MOQL 0.19, MOQA 0.23, MOQP 0.31. Chelicerae robust and light orange, with three promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Sternum pale yellow, 0.83 long, 0.63 wide. Labium and endites coloured as chelicerae. Legs yellowish white, without markings. Leg measurements: I – (1.06, 1.41, 0.75, –), II 4.22 (1.19, 1.76, 0.83, 0.44), III 3.02 (0.93, 1.12, 0.75, 0.22), 4.44 (1.27, 1.43, 1.27, 0.46). Abdomen oval, dorsally light pink with conspicuous anterior setal tufts; venter pale yellow, without pattern.

Palp (Figs 20A–E, 55D, 65D). Femur unmodified. Patella with single retrolateral apophysis, apophysis with short, modified spines at apex. Tibia short, cup-shaped, retrolaterally with several short spines near base, with two apophyses: a papilliform, partly membranous ventro-retrolateral apophysis and a dorsal one, with a blunt apex, trapezoidal. Cymbium 2.3 × longer than wide. Tegulum elongate, oval, and bulging, 1.5 × longer than wide; sperm duct indistinct in ventral view. Embolus needle-like, distinctly short, originating at distal portion of tegulum, gradually tapering toward tip, apex sharp and prolaterally pointed; embolar base represented by enlarged tubercle.

Female. Paratype (Fig. 21G, H): total length 3.93; carapace 1.69 long, 1.21 wide; opisthosoma 2.24 long, 1.30 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.10, PME 0.10, PLE 0.09, AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.19, PME–PLE 0.09, MOQL 0.28, MOQA 0.23, MOQP 0.38. Sternum 0.99 long, 0.67 wide. Leg measurements: I 3.56 (1.11, 1.42, 0.63, 0.41), II 3.80 (1.15, 1.52, 0.67, 0.44), III – (0.90, –, 0.78, 0.34), IV 4.42 (1.32, 1.48, 1.15, 0.47). Distinctly larger and darker than male, other characters as in male.

Epigyne (Figs 21A–D, 75E, 83E, 91E). Epigynal plate nearly as wide as long, spermathecae distinctly visible through integument. Atrium indistinct, anterior margin rebordered. Copulatory openings small and partly fused, situated anteriorly on atrium. Copulatory ducts short, ascending obliquely, connecting to posteriorly located bursae then ascending to anteriorly located spermathecae. Spermathecae nearly globular, separated by 1.5 diameters. Fertilisation ducts small, acicular, and membranous, located on posterior surface of spermathecae. Bursae reniform, large, close together, ca. 1.25 × longer than wide, surface translucent and wrinkled.

Known only from the type locality, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China.

♀ (IZCAS-Ar 34753), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Menglun Town: XTBG, Anogeissus acuminata plantation (ca. 20 yr.), 21°53.819'N, 101°17.075'E, ca. 609 m, 27.XI.2009, G. Tang and Z.Y. Yao leg. Other material examined. 1♀ (YHCLU0078), XTBG, secondary tropical forest, 21°54.833'N, 101°16.781'E, ca. 617 m, 26.IV.2019, Z.G. Chen leg.

The specific name is derived from the Chinese pinyin xiǎo kǒng, which means small opening, referring to the small atrium; noun in apposition.

The new species is similar to C. falciforma (Liu et al. 2016: 567, figs 30, 31, 35, 36) by the ɔc-shaped spermathecae. From C. falciforma, the female of the new species can be easily distinguished by: the nearly trapezoidal atrium distinctly longer than wide (Figs 22A–C, 74A, 82A) (vs. elliptical atrium wider than long; Liu et al. 2016: figs 30, 35); copulatory openings located at lateral atrial borders (Figs 22A–C, 74A, 82A) (vs. situated basolaterally in atrium; Liu et al. 2016: figs 30, 35); (and the transverse copulatory ducts (Figs 22D, E, 90A) (vs. copulatory ducts descending longitudinally; Liu et al. 2016: figs 31, 36).

Female. Holotype (Fig. 22F, G): Total length 6.48; carapace 3.28 long, 2.26 wide; opisthosoma 3.19 long, 2.03 wide. Carapace elongate, oval, light brown, uniformly coloured, without pattern, fovea red; pars cephalica slightly narrowed, cervical groove indistinct; tegument smooth, with erect, thin, dark setae on front ridge. Eyes: In dorsal view, AER slightly recurved, PER almost straight, PER wider than AER. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.16, PME 0.14, PLE 0.12, AME–AME 0.16, AME–ALE 0.11, PME–PME 0.35, PME–PLE 0.25, MOQL 0.36, MOQA 0.46, MOQP 0.68. Chelicerae protruding and robust, coloured as carapace, with long, orange fangs, with five promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Sternum nearly white, 1.60 long, 1.10 wide. Labium and endites coloured as carapace. Legs light coloured, dorsally slightly darker, without markings. Leg measurements: I 6.23 (1.76, 2.60, 1.18, 0.68), II 6.87 (2.04, 2.68, 1.34, 0.81), III 5.97 (1.85, 2.15, 1.39, 0.57), IV 8.26 (2.35, 2.72, 2.41, 0.78). Abdomen oval and light brown, without pattern, dorsum densely covered with long, dark setae on a light background; venter sparsely covered with short, white setae.

Epigyne (Figs 22A–E, 74A, 82A, 90A). Epigynal plate slightly longer than wide, margin not rebordered; spermathecae and bursae indistinctly visible through transparent integument. Atrium represented by small pore, ca. 2 × longer than wide, ca. 1/6 of epigyne length and 1/11 of epigyne width. Copulatory openings large, situated laterally on the atrium. Copulatory ducts short and thick, heavily sclerotised, expanding laterally, then connecting to tubular spermathecae. Spermathecae long, consisting of smooth proximal half and wrinkled distal half, with small fertilisation ducts terminally, proximal half shaped like ɔc, the distal half irregularly shaped. Bursae reniform, close together, distinctly larger than spermathecae, 1.3 × longer than wide, surface translucent and smooth.

Male. Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China.

♀ (IZCAS-Ar 34754), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Menglun Town: XTBG, Paramichelia baillonii plantation, 21°53.823'N, 101°17.072'E, ca. 613 m, 1–17.II.2007, G. Zheng leg.

This species is named after Mr. Yejie Lin (Beijing City, China) who has helped us greatly with this research.

The new species is similar to C. cochlearis (Figs 1A–E, 73A, 81A, 89A) in the general appearance of the atrium and endogyne. From C. cochlearis, the female of the new species can be easily distinguished by the shape of the atrium and spermathecae: (1) atrium ellipsoid (Figs 23A–C, 73C, 81C) (vs. atrium apple-shaped; Figs 1A–C, 73A, 81A); (2) spermathecae thicker and not twisted, diameter ca. 1/3 of atrium length (Figs 23D, E, 89C) (vs. thinner and strongly convoluted, diameter not more than 1/8 of atrium length; Figs 1D, E, 89A).

Female. Holotype (Fig. 23F, G). Total length 9.47; carapace 4.47 long, 2.56 wide; opisthosoma 5.50 long, 3.82 wide. Carapace brownish red, pars cephalica slightly darker in ocular area, without markings, cephalic region slightly narrowed, cervical groove indistinct; tegument smooth, covered with numerous fine setae. Eyes: AER slightly recurved, PER slightly procurved, PER wider than AER. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.17, PME 0.17, PLE 0.09, AME–AME 0.25, AME–ALE 0.85, PME–PME 0.45, PME–PLE 0.47, MOQL 0.55, MOQA 0.58, MOQP 0.79. Chelicerae robust and protruding, coloured as ocular area, with four promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Sternum centrally orange and marginally red, 2.13 long, 1.36 wide. Labium and endites coloured as chelicerae. Legs light orange, uniformly coloured, without pattern. Leg measurements: I 8.64 (2.33, 3.63, 2.03, 0.64), II 8.73 (2.76, 3.60, 1.44, 0.93), III 8.16 (2.51, 2.96, 1.77, 0.92), IV 10.54 (3.32, 3.48, 2.60, 1.14). Abdomen uniformly cream coloured, dorsum with two pairs of conspicuous muscle depressions; venter medially with two longitudinal broken lines.

Epigyne (Figs 23A–E, 73C, 81C, 89C). Epigynal plate slightly longer than wide, through which bursae and copulatory ducts are easily visible. Atrium shaped like an irregular ellipse, ca. 1.3 × wider than long, ca. 1/5 epigyne length. Copulatory openings indistinct, located at basolateral atrial borders. Copulatory ducts short and thick, heavily sclerotised, running laterally, bent 90 degrees dorsally and then obliquely descending, connecting with tubular spermathecae. Spermathecae long and sinuous, with even thickness throughout. Fertilisation ducts acicular, membranous, located terminally on spermathecae. Bursae large and oblong, close together, ca. 1.5 × longer than wide, surface translucent and wrinkled.

Male. Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China.

♀ (IZCAS-Ar 34755), China, Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Xiaolongha Village: biodiversity preservation corridor, 21°24.798'N, 101°37.880'E, ca. 693 m, 28.VI.2012, Q.Y. Zhao and C.X. Gao leg. Other material examined. 1♀ (YHCLU0086), same locality, same time, and same collectors as holotype, 21°24.408'N, 101°37.827'E, ca. 662 m.

The specific name is a patronym after Qingyuan Zhao (Beijing City, China), collector of several specimens examined in this study.

Females of the new species are easily distinguished from others in the species group, with the exception for C. altissimoides (Liu et al. 2007: 65, figs 6, 7), by the similarly shaped atria and the general shape of the endogyne. Clubiona zhaoi sp. nov. can be separated from C. altissimoides by the copulatory openings located at the anterior atrial margins (Figs 24A–C, 74B, 82B) (vs. located at the underside of the atrium; Liu et al. 2007: fig. 6) and by having the spermathecae distinctly smaller than the bursae (Figs 24D, E, 90B) (vs. larger; Liu et al. 2007: fig. 7).

Female. Holotype (Fig. 24F, G): Total length 5.82; carapace 2.80 long, 1.98 wide; opisthosoma 3.02 long, 1.65 wide. Carapace light brown except dark brown ocular area, without distinct pattern; fovea dark; cephalic region distinctly narrowed, cervical groove distinct, radial grooves inconspicuous; tegument smooth, clothed with short, fine setae. Eyes: AER slightly recurved, PER slightly wider than AER, almost straight in dorsal view. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.15, PME 0.12, PLE 0.08, AME–AME 0.11, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.32, PME–PLE 0.19, MOQL 0.39, MOQA 0.37, MOQP 0.59. Chelicerae robust and brownish red, both margins with four teeth. Sternum yellowish brown, 1.38 long, 0.95 wide. Labium and endites coloured as carapace. Legs yellowish, without distinct markings. Leg measurements: I – (1.58, –, –, –), II 6.60 (1.89, 2.52, 1.38, 0.81), III 5.29 (1.64, 1.69, 1.43, 0.53), IV – (–, –, 1.17, –). Abdomen long, oval, dorsally grey with dense setae and a lengthwise white heart mark, reaching posterior half; with a pair of muscle depressions located at distal part of heart mark; venter off-white.

Epigyne (Figs 24A–E, 74B, 82B, 90B). Epigynal plate nearly as broad as long, spermathecae and bursae indistinctly visible through integument. Atrium small, ca. 1/4 of epigyne width, with M-shaped anterior margin (or hood), without posterior margin. Copulatory openings small but distinct, circular, located on anterior part of atrium. Copulatory ducts indistinct. Spermathecae consisting of fan-shaped proximal part and convoluted distal part, with small fertilisation ducts terminally; the two spermathecae separated by 0.8 diameters. Bursae oval, close together, ca. 1.4 × longer than wide, surface translucent and wrinkled.

Male. Unknown.

Known only from the type locality, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China.

♂ (IZCAS-Ar 34756, YHCLU0185), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Menga Town: XTBG, secondary tropical forest, 21°53.634'N, 101°17.172'E, ca. 620 m, 28. IV.2019, Z.G. Chen et al. leg. Paratype: 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar 34757), XTBG, secondary tropical seasonal moist forest, 21°54.718'N, 101°16.940'E, ca. 645 m, 27. VII.2007, G. Zheng leg. Other material examined. 1♀ (YHCLU0138), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Menga Town: XTBG, Paramichelia baillonii plantation, 21°53.823'N, 101°17.072'E, ca. 613 m, 15. IV.2007, G. Zheng leg.

The specific name is a patronym after Zhigang Chen (Beijing City, China), collector of several specimens used in this study.

Males of C. zhigangi sp. nov. resemble those of C. subrama (Yu and Li 2019a: 153, fig. 3A–E; Figs 53C, 63C) in having similar retrolateral and ventral tibial apophyses and a slender embolus but differ by: (1) a thicker embolus, with a sinuate apex (Figs 25A–E, 53D, 63D) (vs. filiform embolus, thinner, embolar tip not curved; Figs 53C, 63C); (2) short conductor, ca. 1/5 of tegulum length, with a blunt tip (Fig. 25C–E) (vs. conductor long, not less than 1/3 of tegulum length, with a sharp tip; Fig. 53C). Females also resemble those of C. subrama in having an anteriorly cordiform and posteriorly elongate, narrowed atrium and the general shape of the endogyne but can be distinguished from the latter by the distinctly shorter copulatory ducts not convoluted (Figs 26C, D, 89F) (vs. long copulatory ducts strongly entwined, moving longitudinally and expanding obliquely 2 ×, respectively, forming two horizontal loops; Fig. 89E).

Male. Holotype (Fig. 26E, F). Total length 5.91; carapace 2.85 long, 2.17 wide; opisthosoma 3.06 long, 1.88 wide. Carapace brown, darker in the front, without distinct pattern, fovea red; cephalic region distinctly narrowed, cervical groove and radial grooves indistinct; tegument smooth, clothed with short, fine setae. Eyes: AER slightly recurved, PER wider than AER and slightly procurved in dorsal view. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.12, PME 0.14, PLE 0.11, AME–AME 0.19, AME–ALE 0.13, PME–PME 0.30, PME–PLE 0.24, MOQL 0.36, MOQA 0.32, MOQP 0.53. Chelicerae robust, red wine coloured, with three promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Sternum pale brown, 1.64 long, 1.02 wide. Labium and endites coloured as carapace. All legs missing. Abdomen elongate, oval, dorsal scutum trapezoidal, lightly sclerotised, with a thick tuft of setae anteriorly; dorsum brown, with dense setae, with a pair of muscle depressions located at central part of dorsal scutum; venter grey.

Palp (Figs 25A–E, 53D, 63D). Femur and patella unmodified. Tibia short, ca. 1/2 of cymbium length, with 2 apophyses: a large, semi-circular ventral one, ca. 1/3 of palpal tibia length, and a relatively small, claw-shaped retrolateral apophysis. Tegulum elongate, oval, 1.9 × longer than wide; bulb strongly bulging and prolapsed, sperm duct indistinct in ventral view. Embolus slender, originating from prolateral side of tegulum, ca. 1/2 of tegulum length, tip sinuate and extending above the apex of the cymbium. Conductor short, membranous, ca. 1/3 of the embolus length, originating from retrolateral side of tegulum, with basal torsion and a distal finger-like point, tip hidden behind embolus.

Female. Paratype (Fig. 26G, H). Total length 8.51; carapace 3.56 long, 2.48 wide; opisthosoma 4.95 long, 3.05 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.19, PME 0.15, PLE 0.15, AME–AME 0.12, AME–ALE 0.11, PME–PME 0.35, PME–PLE 0.28, MOQL 0.36, MOQA 0.46, MOQP 0.65. Sternum 1.88 long, 1.14 wide. Leg measurements: I 5.99 (1.17, 2.33, 1.13, 0.74), II 6.74 (1.99, 2.67, 1.29, 0.79), III 5.89 (1.74, 2.11, 1.51, 0.54), IV 8.05 (2.31, 2.82, 2.30, 0.62). Distinctly larger and darker than male, other characters as in male.

Epigyne (Figs 26A–E, 73F, 81F, 89F). Epigynal plate slightly wider than long, spermathecae indistinctly visible and bursae prominently visible through integument in ventral view. Atrium small and elongate, narrow, ca. 1/2 × epigyne length and 1/7 × epigyne width, atrial anterior margin M-shaped, posterior margin not delimited. Copulatory openings small, located on anterolateral margin of atrium. Copulatory ducts directed laterally then ascending obliquely, connecting to spermathecae at central axis of the vulva. Spermathecae tubular, long and sinuous, strongly twisted. Fertilisation ducts acicular, curved, located terminally on spermathecae. Bursae reniform, large, close together, ca. 1.5 × longer than wide, surface translucent and wrinkled.

Known only from the type locality, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China.

See Deeleman-Reinhold (2001) and Yu and Li (2019a).

See Deeleman-Reinhold (2001).

The Clubiona ternatensis group tentatively contains 33 species (see Table 4).

This group was defined by Deeleman-Reinhold (2001) for Oriental species. However, the three first described species were placed in the genus Hirtia Thorell, 1881, and H. ternatensis was chosen as the type species by Thorell (1881). Simon (1897) synonymised Hirtia with Clubiona. The recently discovered species of the group are strikingly different from Clubiona pallidula (Clerck, 1757) (type species of Clubiona). It seems that Hirtia should be resurrected in the future.

None.

See Zhang and Yin (1998).

China (Yunnan).

♀ (IZCAS-Ar 34758, YHCLU0065), China, Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Nanshahe Village: monsoon forest, 21°36.388'N, 101°34.247'E, ca. 797 m, 13.VII.2012, Q.Y. Zhao and C.X. Gao leg.

This species is named after Mr. Xiaoqi Mi (Tongren City, China) who has helped us greatly with this research.

The female of the new species is easily distinguished from those of the other species in the group, with the exception of C. hystrix (Deeleman-Reinhold 2001: 103, figs 17, 18), by the general shape of the vulva but can be recognised by the: (1) triangular epigynal ridge (Figs 27A–C, 77A, 85A) (vs. pocket-like; Deeleman-Reinhold 2001 fig. 17); (2) copulatory openings close together (Figs 27A–C, 77A, 85A) (vs. copulatory openings separated by one diameter; Deeleman-Reinhold 2001 fig. 17).

Female. Holotype (Fig. 27F, G): total length 2.63; carapace 1.29 long, 0.99 wide; opisthosoma 1.34 long, 0.90 wide. Carapace light orange, darker anteriorly, without distinct pattern, pars cephalica slightly narrowed, cervical groove indistinguishable; tegument smooth, all setae detached in ethanol. Eyes: AER slightly recurved, PER slightly wider than AER, almost straight in dorsal view. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.07, PME 0.07, PLE 0.06, AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.17, PME–PLE 0.05, MOQL 0.18, MOQA 0.22, MOQP 0.31. Chelicerae coloured as ocular area, with six promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Sternum yellowish white, 1.38 long, 0.95 wide. Labium and endites coloured as chelicerae. Legs coloured as sternum, without markings. Leg measurements: I 1.84 (0.53, 0.73, 0.33, 0.25), II 1.98 (0.58, 0.77, 0.40, 0.23), III 1.81 (0.58, 0.59, 0.41, 0.22), IV 2.85 (0.83, 1.00, 0.71, 0.30). Abdomen yellowish white, uniformly coloured, clothed with dense setae, without pattern.

Epigyne (Figs 27A–E, 77A, 85A, 93A). Epigynal plate slightly longer than wide, spermathecae and bursae prominently visible through integument in ventral view, posterior margin not rebordered. Copulatory openings small, contiguous, situated at medial portion of epigynal plate posterior margin, hidden in two transverse ridges in ventral view. Ridge represented by triangular sclerite. Copulatory ducts thick and straight, close together, ascending parallel, entering the connecting piece located inside of bursal surface, then continuing upward and turning sideways, finally connecting to anteriorly located spermathecae. Spermathecae globular, separated by one diameter. Fertilisation ducts small, acicular. Bursae oblong, large, approximately as long as copulatory ducts, separated by 0.5 × diameters, ca. 1.5 × longer than wide, with smooth surface.

Male. Unknown.

According to WSC (2021), a total of seven described C. ternatensis group species are known only from males (See Table 4). Among them, C. bachmaensis, C. esuriens, and C. kuu were found form the adjacent area of Xishuangbanna. We cannot rule out the possibility that these three species are conspecific to C. mii sp. nov.

Known only from the type locality, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China.

Types. Holotype ♂ (IZCAS Ar 34604), 1♀ (paratype, IZCAS Ar 34605), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Menglun Town: XTBG, Lvshilin Forest Park, limestone tropical seasonal rainforest, 21°54.555'N, 101°16.860'E, ca. 610 m, 29.XI.2009, G. Tang and Z.Y. Yao leg. Other material examined. 1♂ (YHCLU0039), XTBG, G213 roadside, leprosy village, 21°53.593'N, 101°17.329'E, ca. 559 m, 5.VIII.2018, H. Yu et al. leg; 1♀ (YHCLU0038), XTBG, secondary tropical forest, 21°54.833'N, 101°16.781'E, ca. 575 m, 31.VII.2018, Z.G. Chen leg.

See Yu and Li (2019a). Male palp as in Figs 57C, 67C, epigyne as in Figs 77B, 85B, 93B.

Known only from Xishuangbanna.

Clubiona kuu.