Holotype. South Korea – Jeollanam-do • 1 female; Yeosu-si, [34] Nam-myeon, Yeondo Island, Yeondo-ri; 20 Jul. 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 324; NIBR.

Paratypes. 5 males. South Korea – Jeollanam-do • 3 males; same data as for holotype; 323, 326, 327; SMNE • 1 male; same data as for holotype; 325; ZISP • 1 male; Jeju-si, [35] Jocheon-eup, Seonheul-ri; 26 Aug. 1997; D.-S. Ku leg.; 328; SMNE.

Figures 2–9. 

Bracon (Bracon) kimchanghyoi sp. nov. (holotype, NIBR) 2 habitus, lateral view 3 head, front view 4 head, dorsal view 5 Apex of antenna 6 head, lateral view 7 mesosoma, lateral view 8 head, ventrolateral view 9 mesosoma, lateroposterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm (2); 0.5 mm (3–9).

Figures 10–18. 

Bracon (Bracon) kimchanghyoi sp. nov. (holotype, NIBR) 10 fore wing 11 fore tibia 12 hind leg, front view 13 hind tarsus 14 mesosoma, dorsal view 15 Propodeum, dorsal view 16 Metasoma, dorsal view 17 first metasomal tergite, dorsal view 18 apex of ovipositor. Scale bars: 1 mm (10, 12); 0.5 mm (11, 13–17); 0.25 mm (18).

This species is named in honour of the retired Korean entomologist Prof. Dr. Chang-Hyo Kim.

Female. Body length 4.1 mm; fore wing length 3.5 mm.

Head. Width of head (dorsal view) 1.6× its median length. Transverse diameter of eye (dorsal view) 1.4× longer than temple. Eyes with sparse, short setae. OOL 3.8× Od; POL 1.8× Od; OOL 2.1× POL. Frons with deep mid-longitudinal groove. Longitudinal diameter of eye in lateral view 1.3× larger than its transverse diameter. Transverse diameter of eye (lateral view) 1.4× longer than minimum width of temple, hind margins of eye and temple broadened downwards. Face width 1.5× combined height of face and clypeus; 2.2× larger than width of hypoclypeal depression. Longitudinal diameter of eye 1.5× longer than malar space (front view); malar space 1.1× base of mandible. Malar suture absent. Width of hypoclypeal depression 1.1× larger than distance from depression to eye. Clypeus not separated from face by dorsal carina, clypeal sulcus absent, dorsal clypeal margin smoothened. Clypeus flattened, with strongly protruding ventral rim, height of clypeus 0.32× width of hypoclypeal depression. Maxillary palp longer than eye, but shorter than head.

Antenna 1.3× longer than fore wing, with 38 antennomeres. First flagellomere 2.7× longer than its apical width, 1.3× longer than second flagellomere. Middle and penultimate flagellomeres 1.8× and 2.3× longer than wide, respectively. Apical flagellomere pointed.

Mesosoma 1.7× longer than its maximum height. Transverse pronotal sulcus deep and wide, crenulate. Notauli very deep and crenulate anteriorly, impressed and rugulose posteriorly, united near scutellum. Mesoscutum densely setose on notauli, sparsely and widely setose mid-longitudinally. Scutellar sulcus crenulate. Mesepimeral sulcus weakly crenulate, mesopleural pit deep, separated from mesepimeral sulcus. Median area of metanotum (dorsal view) with complete median carina. Metapleural sulcus crenulate. Mid-longitudinal keel on propodeum weak, but complete.

Wings. Fore wing 0.85× as long as body. Pterostigma 4.1× longer than wide. Vein r arising from 0.45 of pterostigma length. Vein 1-R1 1.9× longer than pterostigma. Marginal cell reaching apex of wing. Vein 3-SR 2.8× longer than vein r, 0.50× as long as vein SR1, 1.4× longer than vein 2-SR. Vein 1-M 0.7× vein 1-SR+M, 1.4× vein m-cu, 2.1× longer than vein cu-a. Vein 2-SR+M 0.15× as long as vein 2-SR, 0.20× as long as vein m-cu. Vein 1-CU1 (posterior margin of discal cell) 2.7× longer than vein cu-a. Vein cu-a weakly postfurcal. Vein 2-1A of hind wing absent; vein r-m strongly antefurcal.

Legs. Fore tibia with wide row of long thick setae. Hind femur 3.1× longer than wide. Hind tibia 1.5× longer than hind femur, with subapical transverse row of spiny setae, its inner spur 0.4× as long as hind basitarsus. Hind tarsus as long as hind tibia. Fifth segment (without pretarsus) of hind tarsus 0.5× as long as hind basitarsus and almost as long as second segment. Claws with small almost right-angled basal lobe.

Metasoma 1.3× longer than mesosoma. Median length of first tergite (measured from petiolar tubercle) 0.7× as large as its apical width. First metasomal tergite with developed dorsolateral carinae, incomplete dorsal carinae and distinct mid-longitudinal impression. Median area of first tergite separated by areolate-rugose furrow, 0.6× apical width of tergite. Second tergite medially 0.9× as long as third tergite and 0.7× as large as apical width of first tergite, with weakly impressed s-shaped dorsolateral crenulated impressions. Basal width of second metasomal tergite 1.7× larger than its median length. Suture between second and third tergites deep, weakly curved and crenulate. Apical margins of third to sixth tergites thin, without transverse subapical grooves. Ovipositor sheath 1.4× longer than hind tibia and 0.43× as long as fore wing. Apex of ovipositor with developed dorsal nodus and ventral serration.

Sculpture. Face and frons granulate, vertex weakly granulate, gena weakly coriaceous. Most of mesosoma weakly granulate; metanotum rugose; propodeum anteriorly rugulose, posteriorly rugose, with long transverse rugae along median keel. First metasomal tergite laterally rugulose, its median area weakly rugulose to areolate-rugose; second tergite areolate-rugose to rugose, third–sixth tergites with papillary-like sculpture.

Colour. Body mainly reddish yellow with dark brown patches on propodeum and first and second metasomal tergites. Scape reddish yellow, flagellum yellowish brown. Maxillary palps yellow. Tegulae pale yellow. Wing membrane weakly darkened; pterostigma yellow, wing veins yellowish brown.

Male. Body length 2.4–3.8 mm; fore wing length 2.0–3.0 mm.

Head. Width of head (dorsal view) 1.5× its median length. Transverse diameter of eye (dorsal view) 1.3–1.5× longer than temple. OOL 3.5–4.0× Od; POL 1.3–2.4× Od; OOL 1.6–2.6× POL. Longitudinal diameter of eye in lateral view 1.2–1.4× larger than its transverse diameter. Transverse diameter of eye (lateral view) 1.2–1.8× longer than minimum width of temple, hind margins of eye and temple broadened downwards or almost parallel. Face width 1.7–1.9× larger than width of hypoclypeal depression. Longitudinal diameter of eye 1.7–1.8× longer than malar space (front view); malar space 0.85–1.05× base of mandible. Width of hypoclypeal depression 1.1–1.4× larger than distance from depression to eye. Dorsal clypeal margin sharp.

Antenna 1.4–1.5× longer than fore wing, with 29–36 antennomeres. First flagellomere 2.6–3.0× longer than its apical width, 1.1–1.2× longer than second flagellomere. Middle and penultimate flagellomeres 1.9–2.6× and 2.0–2.8× longer than wide, respectively.

Mesosoma 1.8–2.0× longer than its maximum height. Median lobe of mesoscutum some× widely glabrous anteromedially.

Wings. Pterostigma 4.4–4.8× longer than wide. Vein r arising from 0.45–0.50 of pterostigma length. Vein 1-R1 1.8–1.9× longer than pterostigma. Vein 3-SR 1.9–3.1× longer than vein r, 0.45–0.60× as long as vein SR1, 1.1–1.7× longer than vein 2-SR. Vein 1-M 0.7–0.8× vein 1-SR+M, 1.7× vein m-cu. 2.4–3.1× longer than vein cu-a. Vein 2-SR+M 0.10–0.15× as long as vein 2-SR, 0.20–0.25× as long as vein m-cu. Vein 1-CU1 (posterior margin of discal cell) 2.6–3.4× longer than vein cu-a. Vein cu-a weakly postfurcal.

Legs. Hind femur 3.4–4.3× longer than wide. Inner spur of hind tibia 0.3–0.4× as long as hind basitarsus. Fifth segment (without pretarsus) of hind tarsus 0.48–0.53× as long as hind basitarsus and 0.85–0.95× as long as second segment.

Metasoma 1.5–1.7× longer than mesosoma. Median length of first tergite (measured from petiolar tubercle) 0.9–1.0× as large as its apical width. Second tergite medially as long as third tergite and 1.0–1.2× larger than apical width of first tergite. Basal width of second tergite 1.1–1.2× larger than its median length.

Bracon kimchanghyoi sp. nov. is very similar to recently described B. kotenkoi Samartsev, 2018, which also has an elongate body, the long malar space, the widely sculptured propodeum and more or less completely sculptured metasoma. The differences between two species are presented in the dichotomy below.

Figures 19–24. 

Bracon (Bracon) kimchanghyoi sp. nov. (19 male paratype, NIBR) and Bracon kotenkoi Samartsev, 2018 (20–24 holotype, ZISP) 19 body, dorsal view 20 head, dorsal view 21 propodeum, dorsal view 22 fore wing 23 head, lateral view 24 apex of hind tarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (19, 22), 0.5 mm (20, 21, 23); 0.25 mm (24).

Holotype. South Korea – Gyeonggi-do • female; Suwon-si, [15] Gwonseon-gu, Seodun-dong, Yeogisan Mountain; 11 May 1994; D.-S. Ku leg.; 867; NIBR.

Paratypes. (21 females, 9 males). South Korea – Gangwon-do • 1 female; Goseong-gun, [6] Toseong-myeon, Sinpyeong-ri, Seoraksan Mountain; 2 Aug. 2002–19 Oct. 2002; D.-S. Ku leg.; Malaise trap; 888; SMNE. – Gyeonggi-do • 4 males; same data as for holotype; 22 Apr. 1994; 891, 892, 893, 895; SMNE • 1 female; same data as for holotype; 29 Apr. 1994; 874; ZISP • 4 females; same data as for holotype; 864, 866, 868, 873; SMNE • 3 males; same data as for holotype; 869, 871, 872; SMNE • 1 male; same data as for holotype; 870; ZISP • 1 female; same data as for holotype; 11–19 May 1994; 879; SMNE • 1 female; same data as for holotype; 19–26 May 1994; 878; SMNE • 1 female; same data as for holotype; 27 May 1996; June-Yeol Choi leg.; Malaise trap; 882; SMNE • 1 female; same data as for holotype; 29 May–6 Jul. 1994; Malaise trap; 877; SMNE • 1 female; same data as for holotype; 16–23 Jun. 1994; 889; SMNE • 1 female; same data as for holotype; 23–29 Jun. 1994; Malaise trap; 890; SMNE • 2 females; same data as for holotype; 10 Jul. 1995; June-Yeol Choi leg.; Malaise trap; 885, 886; SMNE • 1 female; same data as for preceding; 887; ZISP • 1 female; same data as for preceding; 11 Jul. 1997; 884; SMNE • 1 female; same data as for preceding; 14 Aug. 1995; 883; SMNE • 2 females; Suwon-si, [16] Gwonseon-gu, Seodun-dong; 3–11 May 1994; D.-S. Ku leg.; 875, 876; SMNE • 1 male; same data as for preceding; 15 Jun. 1994; 894; SMNE • 1 female; Hwaseong-si, [17] Bibong-myeon; 1 Jun. 1994; D.-S. Ku leg.; 880; SMNE. – Jeollabuk-do • 1 female; Jinan-gun, [24] Bugwi-myeon, Sedong-ri, Moraejae Tunnel; 16 Jun. 1996; D.-S. Ku leg.; 881; SMNE.

Figures 25–32. 

Bracon (Bracon) yeogisanensis sp. nov. (holotype, NIBR) 25 habitus, lateral view 26 fore femur and tibia, front view 27 head, front view 28 head, dorsal view 29 head, lateral view 30 mesosoma, lateral view 31 head, ventrolateral view 32 mesosoma, lateroposterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm (25); 0.5 mm (27–32); 0.25 mm (26).

Figures 33–40. 

Bracon (Bracon) yeogisanensis sp. nov. (33–37 holotype, NIBR, 19, 40 male paratype, SMNE) 33 wings 34 mesosoma, dorsal view 35 hind leg, front view 36 propodeum and first metasomal tergite, dorsal view 37 Second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view 38 apex of ovipositor, lateral view 39 habitus, lateral view 40 metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (33, 39); 0.5 mm (34–37, 40); 0.25 mm (38).

The name refers to Yeogisan Mountain, the type locality of the species.

Female. Body length 2.5–3.1 mm; fore wing length 2.9–3.3 mm.

Head. Width of head (dorsal view) 1.7–1.9× its median length. Transverse diameter of eye (dorsal view) 1.7–1.9× longer than temple. Eyes with sparse, short setae. OOL 2.2–2.5× Od; POL 1.2–1.5× Od; OOL 1.6–1.9× POL. Frons with weak mid-longitudinal groove. Longitudinal diameter of eye in lateral view 1.3× larger than its transverse diameter. Transverse diameter of eye (lateral view) 2.1–2.3× longer than minimum width of temple, hind margins of eye and temple parallel or slightly broadened downwards or upwards. Face width 1.6–1.8× combined height of face and clypeus; 1.8–2.2× larger than width of hypoclypeal depression. Longitudinal diameter of eye 3.2–3.5× longer than malar space (front view); malar space 0.6–0.7× base of mandible. Malar suture absent. Width of hypoclypeal depression 1.5–1.9× larger than distance from depression to eye. Clypeus not separated from face by dorsal carina, clypeal sulcus impressed, dorsal clypeal margin sharp. Clypeus prominent, with protruding ventral rim, height of clypeus 0.2–0.3× width of hypoclypeal depression. Maxillary palp longer than eye, but shorter than head.

Antenna 0.77–0.82× as long as fore wing, with 23–25 antennomeres. First flagellomere 2.1–2.9× longer than its apical width, 1.1–1.3× longer than second flagellomere. Middle and penultimate flagellomeres 1.7–2.2× and 1.5–2.0× longer than wide, respectively. Apical flagellomere spiculate.

Mesosoma 1.5–1.6× longer than its maximum height. Transverse pronotal sulcus deep and anteriorly crenulate. Notauli very deep and crenulate anteriorly, shallowly impressed and smooth posteriorly. Mesoscutum widely setose mid-longitudinally, on notauli and laterally and evenly setose medioposteriorly. Scutellar sulcus crenulate, mesepimeral sulcus weakly crenulate, metapleural sulcus crenulate. Mesopleural pit small or weakly impressed and separated from mesepimeral sulcus. Median area of metanotum (dorsal view) with incomplete median carina. Propodeum with short and branching mid-longitudinal keel apically and weakly foveate or crenulated mid-longitudinal impression in basal half.

Wings. Fore wing 1.1–1.2× longer than body. Pterostigma 2.3–2.8× longer than wide. Vein r arising from basal 0.35–0.45 of pterostigma length. Vein 1-R1 1.7–1.8× longer than pterostigma. Marginal cell ca. 10–20× longer than distance from its apex to apex of wing. Vein 3-SR 1.7–2.0× longer than vein r, 0.42–0.46× as long as vein SR1, 1.1× longer than vein 2-SR. Vein 1-M 0.74–0.77× vein 1-SR+M, 2.3–2.6× vein m-cu. 2.0–2.4× longer than vein cu-a. Vein 2-SR+M 0.08–0.16× as long as vein 2-SR, 0.20–0.45× as long as vein m-cu. Vein 1-CU1 (posterior margin of discal cell) 2.4–2.7× longer than vein cu-a. Vein cu-a interstitial or weakly postfurcal. Vein 2-1A of hind wing absent or very short; vein r-m antefurcal.

Legs. Fore tibia with wide row of long thick setae and transverse apical row of thick setae. Hind femur 3.0–3.8× longer than wide. Hind tibia without subapical row of thick setae, 1.4–1.5× longer than hind femur, its inner spur 0.35–0.37× as long as hind basitarsus. Hind tarsus almost as long as hind tibia, its fifth segment (without pretarsus) 0.37–0.43× as long as hind basitarsus and 0.75–0.80× as long as second segment. Claws with acute angularly protruding basal lobe.

Metasoma 1.0–1.2× longer than mesosoma. Median length of first tergite (measured from petiolar tubercle) 0.7–0.8× as large as its apical width. Dorsolateral carinae of first metasomal tergite developed; dorsal carinae incomplete and weakly curved toward apex of tergite. Median area of first tergite separated by rugose furrow, 0.6–0.7× apical width of tergite. Second tergite medially 1.00–1.15× as long as third tergite and 0.7–0.9× as large as apical width of first tergite, with shallow s-shaped dorsolateral crenulated impressions. Basal width of second metasomal tergite 1.4–1.6× larger than its median length. Suture between second and third tergites deep and wide, curved and crenulate. Apical margins of third to sixth tergites thick, with deep crenulate transverse subapical grooves. Ovipositor sheath 1.2–1.4× longer than hind tibia and 0.33–0.47× as long as fore wing. Apex of ovipositor with weak nodus and weak ventral serration.

Sculpture. Face and frons granulate. Gena and anterior half of vertex coriaceous. Mesopleuron almost smooth, weakly coriaceous or weakly granulate. Mesoscutum medio-posteriorly weakly granulate. Scutellum and metanotum smooth. Propodeum hardly coriaceous to smooth, with short rugae apically. First metasomal tergite laterally and posteriorly rugose; second to fifth tergites areolate-rugose or foveolate-rugose to rugulose-punctate or irregularly punctate; sixth tergite weakly irregularly punctate or almost smooth.

Colour. Body mainly dark brown. Most of scape, mandible, tegulae, fore and middle legs, trochanter and apex of femur of hind leg brownish yellow or yellowish brown. Maxillary palp and base of hind tibia pale yellow. Lateral margins of second and third metasomal tergite and seventh tergite brown or yellowish brown. Wing membrane brownish darkened; pterostigma brown, basally with small pale brown patch; wing veins brown.

Male. Body length 2.5–3.2 mm; fore wing length 2.5–3.1 mm. OOL 1.8–2.0× Od, 1.3–1.5× POL. Hind margins of eye and temple broadened upwards (lateral view). Longitudinal diameter of eye 3.9× longer than malar space (front view). Mid-longitudinal keel developed in apical third of propodeum. Vein r-m of hind wing interstitial. Fifth segment (without pretarsus) of hind tarsus ca. 0.9× as long as second segment. Median length of first tergite (measured from petiolar tubercle) 0.90–0.95× as large as its apical width. Second tergite medially 1.1× as large as apical width of first tergite. Basal width of second metasomal tergite 1.3–1.4× larger than its median length. Apical metasomal segments as dark as proximal segments. Otherwise similar to female.

The new species belongs to a distinct species group including five species known from the Russian Far East, the Korean Peninsula and Japan (Bracon acunens Papp, 2018, B. kunashiricus Tobias, 2000, B. sculptithorax Tobias, 2000, B. sulciferus Tobias, 2000, and B. yeogisanensis sp. nov.). The species share the following common characters: malar suture absent; face and frons granulate; gena, vertex, mesopleuron and mesoscutum partly with weak granulate or coriaceous sculpture; mesosoma elongate, 1.5–1.7× longer than its maximum height; mesoscutum widely setose medially; notauli deep anteriorly and shallow posteriorly; precoxal sulcus vaguely or shallowly impressed; propodeum with crenulated or foveate mid-longitudinal impression in basal half and with branching mid-longitudinal keel in its apical half; marginal cell of fore wing not shortened, 6–25× longer than distance from its apex to apex of wing; vein r arising distinctly before middle of pterostigma; vein 1-SR+M more or less curved anteriorly; vein cu-a interstitial or weakly postfurcal; wing membrane weakly brownish darkened; coxae without granulate sculpture; hind tibia without transverse apical row of thick setae apically; second segment of hind tarsus 1.1–1.3× longer than fifth segment; claws with acute basal lobes; dorsolateral carinae of first metasomal tergite developed; median area of second tergite absent or very short and weak; dorsolateral s-shaped impressions of second tergite more or less distinct; suture between second and third tergites deep and crenulate; apical margins of third to sixth tergites thick; metasoma completely sculptured (areolate-rugose to irregularly punctate); ovipositor sheath 1.0–1.5× as long as hind tibia, 0.3–0.5× as long as fore wing. Differences between these species are listed in the key below.

Figures 41–56. 

Bracon sculptithorax Tobias, 2000 (41, 45, 49, 53 holotype, ZISP), B. kunashiricus Tobias, 2000 (42, 46, 50, 54 holotype, ZISP), B. sulciferus Tobias, 2000 (43, 47, 51, 55 paratype, ZISP) and B. acunens Papp, 2018 (44, 48, 52 holotype, HNHM 56 female, SMNE) 41–44 head, front view 45–48 head and mesoscutum, dorsal view 49–52 head, lateral view 53–56 propodeum, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figures 57–68. 

Bracon sculptithorax Tobias, 2000 (57, 61, 65 holotype, ZISP), B. kunashiricus Tobias, 2000 (58, 62, 66 holotype, ZISP), B. sulciferus Tobias, 2000 (59, 63, 67 paratype, ZISP) and B. acunens Papp, 2018 (60, 64 female, SMNE 68 holotype, HNHM) 57–60 mesosoma, lateral view 51–64 metasoma, dorsal view 65–68 fore wing apex. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (57–64); 1 mm (65–68).

Holotype. South Korea – Jeollanam-do • female; Yeosu-si, [33] Nam-myeon, Ando Island, Ando-ri; 4 Aug. 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 629; NIBR.

Figures 69–78. 

Bracon (Habrobracon) allevatus sp. nov. (holotype, NIBR) 69 habitus, lateral view 70 head, front view 71 head, dorsal view 72 mesosoma, lateral view 73 head, ventrolateral view 74 apex of antenna 75 head, lateral view 76 base of antenna 77 apex of hind tarsus 78 ovipositor. Scale bars: 1 mm (69); 0.5 mm (70–73, 75); 0.25 mm (74, 76–78).

Paratypes. 23 females, 14 males. South Korea – Gangwon-do • 2 females; Goseong-gun, [1] Hyeonnae-myeon, Baebong-ri; 26 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 632, 634; SMNE • 1 male; same data as for preceding; 633; SMNE • 1 male; Goseong-gun, [2] Hyeonnae-myeon, Machajin-ri; 25 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 661; SMNE • 1 male; Goseong-gun, [3] Ganseong-eup; 25 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 635; SMNE • 2 females; Goseong-gun, [4] Geojin-eup, Naengcheon-ri, Geonbongsa Temple; 25 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 637, 638; SMNE • 1 female; same data as for preceding; 639; ZISP • 1 male; same data as for preceding; 636; SMNE• 1 male; Cheorwon-gun, [7] Geunnam-myeon, Yukdan-ri; 13 Jun. 1992; D.-S. Ku leg.; 666; SMNE • 1 female; Inje-gun, [8] Buk-myeon, Yongdae-ri, Seoraksan Mountain, Baekdamsa Temple; 25 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 641; SMNE • 1 female; Hongcheon-gun, [9] Duchon-myeon, Jangnam-ri (Corn Experimantal Station); 3 Jun. 1996; June-Yeol Choi leg.; 653; SMNE • 1 male; Chuncheon-si, [10] Sinbuk-eup, Cheonjeon-ri, Cheonjeon 5-ri; 25 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 654; SMNE • 1 male; Taebaek-si, [12] Cheoram-dong; 22 Jun. 1991; D.-S. Ku leg.; 645; SMNE • 1 female; Taebaek-si, [13] Cheoram-dong, Taebaeksan Mountain; 13 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 658; SMNE. – Gyeonggi-do • 1 female; Gapyeong-gun, [14] Cheongpyeong-myeon, Cheongpyeong-ri, Cheongpyeong Amusement Park; 14 Jun. 1992; D.-S. Ku leg.; 652; SMNE • 2 females; Bonghwa-gun, [18] Myeongho-myeon, Gwanchang-ri; 28 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 648, 650; SMNE • 2 males; same data as for preceding; 649, 651; SMNE • 1 female; Mungyeong-si, [19] Buljeong-dong; 9 Jun. 1992; D.-S. Ku leg.; 631; SMNE. – Chung- cheongbuk-do • 1 female; Danyang-gun, [20] Danyang-eup, Dodam-ri; 13 May 1991; D.-S. Ku leg.; 657; SMNE. – Chungcheongnam-do • 1 female; Geumsan-gun, [21] Chubu-myeon, Seongdang-ri, Gaedeoksa Temple; 22 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 640; SMNE • 2 males; same data as for preceding; 642, 643; SMNE • 1 male; same data as for preceding; 644; ZISP • 1 female; Yesan-gun, [22] Deoksan-myeon, Sudeoksa Temple; 11 Aug. 1991; D.-S. Ku leg.; 630; SMNE • 1 male; Cheongyang-gun, [23] Jeongsan-myeon, Machi-ri; 15 Jun. 1992; D.-S. Ku leg.; 665; SMNE. – Gyeongsangbuk-do • 1 female; Gyeongsan-si, [25] Yeongnam University; 19 Apr. 1991; J.-W. Lee leg.; 663; SMNE. – Gyeongsangnam-do • 1 female; Changwon-si, [27] Uichang-gu, Sogye-dong, Cheonjusan Mountain; 18 Jun. 1992; D.-S. Ku leg.; 659; SMNE • 1 male; Jinju-si, [28] Gajwa-dong; 18 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 660; SMNE • 1 female; Goseong-gun, [29] Sangni-myeon, Bupo-ri; 3 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 664; SMNE. – Jeollanam-do • 1 female; Gurye-gun, [31] Sandong-myeon, Jwasa-ri, Jirisan Mountain (Simwon); 5 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 662; SMNE • 2 females; Yeosu-si, [32] Nam-myeon, Dumo-ri, Town Moha; 20 Jul. 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 646, 647; SMNE • 1 female; Yeosu-si, [34] Nam-myeon, Yeondo Island, Yeondo-ri; 21 Jul. 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 656; SMNE • 1 female; same data as for preceding; 655; ZISP.

Figures 79–85. 

Bracon (Habrobracon) allevatus sp. nov. (79–84 holotype, NIBR 85 male paratype, SMNE) 79 wings 80 first metasomal tergite, dorsal view 81 mesosoma, dorsal view 82 propodeum and base of metasoma, dorsal view 83 metasoma, dorsolateral view 84 fore tibia and tarsus 85 habitus, lateral view 86 hind tarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (79, 85); 0.5 mm (81–84, 86); 0.25 mm (80).

The Latin adjective allevatus (smoothed off) refers to the strongly reduced sculpture of the body discriminating the new species from B. variegator Spinola.

Female. Body length 2.4–3.1 mm; fore wing length 2.4–3.1 mm.

Head. Width of head (dorsal view) 1.9–2.0× its median length. Transverse diameter of eye (dorsal view) 1.6–2.0× longer than temple. Eyes with dense, short setae. OOL 2.3–2.8× Od; POL 1.4–1.9× Od; OOL 1.4–1.8× POL. Frons with deep mid-longitudinal groove. Longitudinal diameter of eye in lateral view 1.5–1.6× larger than its transverse diameter. Transverse diameter of eye (lateral view) 1.7–2.0× longer than minimum width of temple, hind margins of eye and temple broadened downwards or more or less parallel. Face width 1.6–1.8× combined height of face and clypeus; 2.4–2.9× larger than width of hypoclypeal depression. Longitudinal diameter of eye 2.2–2.5 (but 3.4× in the smallest measured female) × longer than malar space (front view); malar space 0.8–0.9× base of mandible; malar suture absent. Width of hypoclypeal depression 0.95–1.25× as large as distance from depression to eye. Clypeus not separated from face by dorsal carina, clypeal sulcus absent, dorsal clypeal margin sharp. Clypeus prominent, with protruding ventral rim, height of clypeus 0.30–0.45× width of hypoclypeal depression. Maxillary palp as long as eye height.

Antenna 0.86–0.91× as long as fore wing, with 24–29 antennomeres. First flagellomere 1.6–2.0× longer than its apical width, 0.95–1.15× as long as second flagellomere. Middle and penultimate flagellomeres 1.3–1.9× and 1.6–2.0× longer than wide, respectively. Apical flagellomere spiculate.

Mesosoma 1.4–1.6× longer than its maximum height. Transverse pronotal sulcus smooth, deep anteriorly and posteriorly, shallow medially. Notauli impressed, not united posteriorly, smooth. Mesoscutum widely setose on notauli and anterolaterally, widely smooth medially and latero-posteriorly. Scutellar sulcus crenulate. Mesepimeral sulcus smooth. Mesopleural pit deep, separated from mesepimeral sulcus. Median area of metanotum with incomplete median carina. Metapleural sulcus smooth or weakly crenulate. Propodeum with simple mid-longitudinal keel in apical third.

Wings. Fore wing 0.95–1.10× as long as body. Pterostigma 2.4–3.6× longer than wide. Vein r arising from basal 0.4–0.5 of pterostigma length. Vein 1-R1 1.3–1.4× longer than pterostigma. Marginal cell 3.5–7.0× longer than distance from its apex to apex of wing. Vein 3-SR 1.6–2.1× longer than vein r, 0.50–0.65× as long as vein SR1, 1.1–1.4× longer than vein 2-SR. Vein 1-M 0.75–0.90× vein 1-SR+M, 1.7–2.3× vein m-cu. 2.5–3.0× longer than vein cu-a. Vein 2-SR+M 0.35–0.55× as long as vein 2-SR, 0.65–0.85× as long as vein m-cu. Vein 1-CU1 (posterior margin of discal cell) 2.6–3.2× longer than vein cu-a. Vein cu-a interstitial. Vein 2-1A of hind wing absent; vein r-m antefurcal.

Legs. Fore tibia with thick setae subapically. Hind femur 3.4–4.0× longer than wide. Hind tibia ca. 1.5× longer than hind femur, without subapical row of thick setae, its inner spur 0.40–0.45× as long as hind basitarsus. Hind tarsus 0.87–0.99× as long as hind tibia. Fifth segment (without pretarsus) of hind tarsus 0.40–0.45× as long as hind basitarsus and 0.75–0.85× as long as second segment. Claws with small rectangular basal lobe.

Metasoma 1.2–1.3× longer than mesosoma. Median length of first tergite (measured from petiolar tubercle) 0.90–1.15× as large as its apical width. Dorsal and dorsolateral carinae of first metasomal tergite absent. Median area of first tergite separated by smooth or weakly crenulate furrow, 0.6–0.7× apical width of tergite. Second tergite medially 1.0–1.2× as long as third tergite and 0.9–1.0× as large as apical width of first tergite, without dorsolateral impressions. Basal width of second metasomal tergite 1.3–1.8× larger than its median length. Suture between second and third tergites deep, curved and smooth or weakly crenulate. Apical margins of third to sixth tergites thick, without transverse subapical grooves. Ovipositor sheath 0.55–0.65× as long as hind tibia and 0.17–0.20× as long as fore wing. Apex of ovipositor with (sometimes weak) nodus and weak or indistinct ventral serration.

Sculpture. Face granulate, frons weakly granulate, gena hardly coriaceous to smooth. Vertex, most of mesosoma and coxae smooth. Propodeum smooth, sometimes with short rugae apically. Metasoma entirely smooth or with weak granulate sculpture at most on second tergite.

Colour. Body mainly brownish black, metasomal tergites sometimes brown, ventral side of metasoma pale yellow. Head with yellowish brown patches along eyes on vertex and in lower part of gena, mandible and maxillary palps yellowish brown. Apices of femora and bases of tibiae of all legs (half of hind tibia) brownish yellow. Apical margins of metasomal tergites 3–7 light-coloured. Tegulae dark brown. Wing membrane brownish darkened, lighter apically; pterostigma brown or yellowish brown, with small pale yellow patch basally, wing veins yellowish brown.

Male. Body length 2.0–2.4 mm; fore wing length 2.1–2.5 mm. OOL 1.1–1.3× POL. Mid-longitudinal keel developed on apical half of propodeum. Median length of first tergite (measured from petiolar tubercle) 1.2–1.3× larger than its apical width. Face sometimes smooth medially on narrow area. Maxillary palps brown or brownish yellow. Otherwise similar to female.

Bracon allevatus sp. nov. is most similar to B. variegator Spinola. The latter species was classified within the nominative subgenus of Bracon (Papp 1968, 2012) or its subgenus Habrobracon (Tobias 1986; Tobias and Belokobylskij 2000). It seems best to consider both species in Habrobracon because they share a number of characteristic character states (the malar suture is absent; basal lobes of tarsal claws not protruding or acutely protruding (not lamelliform); in the fore wing, the vein 1-SR+M is straight, the vein 3-SR usually is no longer than vein 2-SR (0.6–1.2×), the vein 2-SR+M is long, 0.6–1.2× as long as vein 3-SR; the dorsal carinae of the first metasomal tergite are absent, the lateral carinae are absent or very weakly defined; the ovipositor sheath is at most somewhat longer than the hind tibia, shorter than half of the fore wing length; the granulate sculpture tends to be more or less developed on body). In addition, Habrobracon was considered either a separate genus (Quicke 1987; Papp 2012; Kittel and Maeto 2019) or a subgenus of Bracon (Tobias 1986; van Achterberg and Polaszek 1996; Tobias and Belokobylskij 2000). Here the latter hypothesis is accepted because a number of very similar species are known in the subgenera Sculptobracon (B. yakui Watanabe, 1937 and B. obsoletus Li, He & Chen, 2016) and Bracon s. str. (B. concavus species group). Until the differences between the latter taxa and Habrobracon are sorted out, we prefer to keep Habrobracon as a subgenus of Bracon. B. allevatus sp. nov. maybe also compared with B. kasparyani distributed in the same region. The differences between three species are listed in the key below.

Figures 87–98. 

Bracon kasparyani Samartsev, 2018 (87, 91, 97 holotype, ZISP 88, 92, 95 female paratype, ZISP), Bracon variegator Spinola, 1808 (89, 90, 93, 94, 96, 98 female, ZISP) 87, 89 head, ventrolateral view 88, 90 head and mesoscutum, dorsal view 91, 93 metasoma, dorsal view 92, 94 first metasomal tergite, dorsal view 95, 96 hind tarsus 97, 98 fore wing. Scale bars: 1 mm (97, 98); 0.5 mm (87–93, 95, 96); 0.25 mm (87–93, 95, 96).

Holotype. South Korea – Gangwon-do • female; Goseong-gun, [5] Ganseong-eup, Jinbu-ri; 12 Jun. 1992; D.-S. Ku leg.; 306; NIBR.

Paratypes. 2 females, 4 males. South Korea – Gangwon-do • 1 male; same data as for holotype; 307; ZISP • 1 male; same data as for holotype; 308; SMNE • 1 female; Goseong-gun, [4] Geojin-eup, Naengcheon-ri, Geonbongsa Temple; 25 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 278; SMNE • 2 males; same data as for preceding; 313, 314; SMNE • 1 female; same data as for preceding; 304; ZISP.

Figures 99–106. 

Bracon (Osculobracon) perspicillatus sp. nov. (holotype, NIBR) 99 habitus, lateral view 100 head, front view 101 head, dorsal view 102 head and mesosoma, lateral view 103 hind leg 104 head, ventrolateral view 105 apex of hind tarsus 106 fore tibia. Scale bars: 1 mm (99, 102); 0.5 mm (100, 101, 103, 104); 0.25 mm (105, 106).

The name perspicillatus (from Latin perspicillum for spectacles) refers to a pair of light patches on the face below toruli which characterise the species.

Figures 107–114. 

Bracon (Osculobracon) perspicillatus sp. nov. (107–111 holotype, NIBR, 112–114 male paratype, SMNE) 107 wings 108 mesosoma, dorsal view 109 propodeum and first metasomal tergite, dorsal view 110 metasoma, dorsal view 111 apex of ovipositor 112 habitus, lateral view 113 first metasomal tergite, dorsal view 114 second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (107, 112); 0.5 mm (108–110); 0.25 mm (111, 113, 114).

Female. Body length 2.3–3.4 mm; fore wing length 2.6–3.7 mm.

Head. Width of head (dorsal view) 1.8–1.9× its median length. Transverse diameter of eye (dorsal view) 1.7–1.8× longer than temple. Eyes with sparse, short setae. OOL 2.4–3.0× Od; POL 1.3–1.9× Od; OOL 1.5–1.8× POL. Frons with deep mid-longitudinal groove. Longitudinal diameter of eye in lateral view 1.4–1.5× larger than its transverse diameter. Transverse diameter of eye (lateral view) 1.8–2.4× longer than minimum width of temple, hind margins of eye and temple broadened downwards. Face width 1.4–1.5× combined height of face and clypeus; 2.3–2.6× larger than width of hypoclypeal depression. Longitudinal diameter of eye 2.4–2.8× longer than malar space (front view); malar space 0.87–0.92× base of mandible. Malar suture deep and smooth. Width of hypoclypeal depression 1.0–1.3× larger than distance from depression to eye. Clypeus not separated from face by dorsal carina, flattened, with not protruding ventral rim, height of clypeus 0.30–0.35× width of hypoclypeal depression; clypeal sulcus smoothened. Maxillary palp longer than eye, but shorter than head.

Antenna ca. 1.2× longer than fore wing, with 32–40 antennomeres. First flagellomere 2.0–2.2× longer than its apical width, 1.0–1.1× longer than second flagellomere. Middle and penultimate flagellomeres 1.6–2.0× and 1.8–2.2× longer than wide, respectively. Apical flagellomere spiculate.

Mesosoma ca. 1.6× longer than its maximum height. Transverse pronotal sulcus smoothened. Notauli smooth, impressed anteriorly, smoothened and not united posteriorly. Mesoscutum setose only on notauli. Scutellar, mesepimeral and metapleural sulci smooth, mesopleural pit indistinct. Median area of metanotum with incomplete median carina. Mid-longitudinal keel on propodeum absent.

Wings. Fore wing 1.0–1.1× longer than body. Pterostigma 3.2–3.7× longer than wide. Vein r arising from basal 0.40–0.45 of pterostigma length. Vein 1-R1 1.3–1.6× longer than pterostigma. Marginal cell 7.5–9.7× longer than distance from its apex to apex of wing. Vein 3-SR 2.3–2.7× longer than vein r, 0.60–0.65× as long as vein SR1, 1.5–1.7× longer than vein 2-SR. Vein 1-M 0.75–0.85× vein 1-SR+M, 1.5–1.7× vein m-cu. 2.1–2.2× longer than vein cu-a. Vein 2-SR+M 0.16–0.22× as long as vein 2-SR, 0.23–0.38× as long as vein m-cu. Vein 1-CU1 (posterior margin of discal cell) 2.3–2.8× longer than vein cu-a. Vein cu-a interstitial. Vein 2-1A of hind wing absent or very short; vein r-m strongly antefurcal.

Legs. Fore tibia with sparse longitudinal and dense transverse apical rows of thick setae. Hind femur 3.8–3.9× longer than wide. Hind tibia 1.5–1.7× longer than hind femur, without subapical row of thick setae, its inner spur 0.23–0.30× as long as hind basitarsus. Hind tarsus 0.95–1.00× as long as hind tibia. Fifth segment (without pretarsus) of hind tarsus 0.45–0.50× as long as hind basitarsus and 0.80–0.85× as long as second segment. Claws with large, protruding and blunt basal lobes.

Metasoma 1.2–1.4× longer than mesosoma. Median length of first tergite (measured from petiolar tubercle) 1.3–1.5× larger than its apical width. Dorsolateral and dorsal carinae of first metasomal tergite absent. Median area of first tergite separated by smooth furrow, 0.6–0.7× apical width of tergite. Second tergite sclerotised in anterior 0.85–0.95, medially 0.9–1.0× as long as third tergite and 0.85–1.05× as large as apical width of first tergite. Basal width of second metasomal tergite 1.8–1.9× larger than its median length. Anterolateral margin of second metasomal tergite shortly de-sclerotised. Suture between second and third tergites thin, shallow, weakly curved and smooth. Apical margins of third to sixth tergites largely de-sclerotised. Ovipositor sheath 0.50–0.75× as long as hind tibia and 0.16–0.21× as long as fore wing. Apex of ovipositor with weak nodus and weak or absent ventral serration.

Sculpture. Body completely smooth.

Colour. Body brownish black or brown. Head with more or less developed brownish yellow patches near eyes (on face, vertex and in lower part of gena), below toruli and on oral parts. Maxillary palps yellow. Tegulae, legs and de-sclerotised parts of metasoma yellow to brownish yellow or yellowish brown. Wing membrane weakly darkened, basally yellowish; pterostigma and wing veins brown or yellowish brown.

Male. Body length 2.1–2.6 mm; fore wing length 2.5–2.7 mm. Width of head (dorsal view) 1.6–1.8× its median length. Transverse diameter of eye (dorsal view) 1.8–2.2× longer than temple. Hind margins of eye and temple less broadened downwards (subparallel). Mesosoma 1.5–1.8× longer than its maximum height. Fore wing vein 3-SR 2.7–2.9× longer than vein r, 0.61–0.74× as long as vein SR1, 1.6–1.9× longer than vein 2-SR. Second tergite sclerotised in anterior 0.75–0.90, its basal width 1.2–1.8× larger than median length. Otherwise similar to female.

The new species is most similar to Bracon cingulator Szépligeti, B. koreanus Papp, and B. osculator Nees, which also have the entirely smooth body and not shortened marginal cell of the fore wing. The differences between these species are listed in the key below (the characters for B. cingulator and B. osculator are given on the basis of an unpublished dataset).

Figures 115–126. 

Bracon (Osculobracon) koreanus Papp, 1998 (115, 118, 121, 124 holotype, HNHM), B. (O.) cingulator Szépligeti, 1901 (116, 119, 122, 125 holotype, HNHM) and B. (O.) osculator Nees, 1811 (117, 120, 123, 126 lectotype of B. coniferarum Fahringer, 1928, MNB) 115–117 head, front view 118–120 head, lateral view 121–123 first metasomal tergite 124–126 second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.

The members of the Bracon asphondyliae species group (Maetô 1991) fit well the diagnosis of Ficobracon, while the latter genus must be synonymised with the genus Syntomernus. Most characters indicated as diagnostic for two latter genera (van Achterberg and Weiblen 2000) show an overlap. The only exception is the difference in the setosity of mesoscutum (the median lobe of mesoscutum medially setose in Syntomernus and glabrous in Ficobracon), but this character is not considered strong enough to warrant generic status of Ficobracon. In addition, members of the species attributed here to the genus Syntomernus parasitise ecologically similar hosts. Braconid wasps of the asphondyliae species group attack cecidomiid gall midges (Maetô 1991; Matsuo et al. 2016), Syntomernus shoreatus van Achterberg & Ng, 2009 uses larvae inside dipterocarp fruits (van Achterberg et al. 2009), the members of Ficobracon have been reared from fig syconia (van Achterberg and Weiblen 2000; Wei et al. 2013) and Syntomernus kashmirensis (Maqbool, Akbar & Wachkoo, 2018), comb. nov. is known to be phytophagous on the syconium tissues (Maqbool et al. 2018). The main character separating Syntomernus from Bracon is the presence of anterolateral areas on third metasomal tergite. The full diagnosis of the genus is presented below.

Head transverse, its width (dorsal view) 1.7–2.1× its median length, with transverse diameter of eye 1.7–3.0× longer than temple. Clypeus without or with weak dorsal carina, clypeal sulcus absent, dorsal clypeal margin sharp or smoothened. Vertex without mid-longitudinal sulcus. Malar suture absent or weakly impressed. Hind margins of eye and temple (in lateral view) more or less broadened downwards.

Antenna. Dorsal side of scape (lateral view) longer than its ventral side. Antennae with elongate segments, first flagellomere 2–4× longer than its apical width, middle and penultimate flagellomeres 1.7–2.5× longer than wide.

Mesosoma 1.1–1.5× longer than its maximum height. Median lobe of mesoscutum evenly setose or setose only on notauli and posteriorly. Notauli usually deep anteriorly, smoothened or absent and not united posteriorly. Precoxal sulcus absent or vaguely impressed. Mesopleural pit weak or almost indistinct. Mesepimeral sulcus smooth or weakly crenulate, metapleural sulcus smooth. Propodeum with simple and high mid-longitudinal keel developed at least in its apical half and with mid-longitudinal impression in its basal half.

Legs. Hind tibia without subapical row of thick setae (at most with two thick setae subapically). Claws with moderately large, not protruding (rounded) or angularly protruding (acute or blunt) basal lobe.

Wings. Angle between veins C+SC+R and 1-SR ca. 50–70 degrees. Marginal cell of fore wing not shortened, 7–24× longer than distance from its apex to apex of wing. Vein SR1 distinctly elongate. Vein 3-SR 0.22–0.42× as long as vein SR1, 0.75–1.50× as long as vein 2-SR. Vein 1-SR+M more or less curved anteriorly. Hind wing with basally evenly setose membrane. Vein 2-1A of hind wing absent or very short.

Metasoma with six coarsely sculptured tergites. First metasomal tergite with distinct, often deep crenulate mid-longitudinal impression and more or less developed dorsal and dorsolateral carinae. Second metasomal tergite without anterolateral, posteriorly diverging grooves; with dorsolateral impressions more or less deep, crenulated, usually with strong posteriorly converging carinae along their proximal margin. Median area of second metasomal tergite elongate-triangle or longitudinal, with sharp margin. Spiracle of second metasomal tergite located in middle or behind middle of tergite. Suture between second and third tergites deep and curved. Anterolateral areas of third tergite always developed, large and separated by crenulate suture. Apical margins of third to sixth tergites thick, with deep crenulate transverse subapical grooves. Ovipositor sheath 1.4–3.6× longer than hind tibia, 0.4–1.0× as long as fore wing. Apex of ovipositor with developed nodus and ventral serration.

A key to the species of the genus Syntomernus from Eastern Palaearctic is presented below. Syntomernus codonatus and S. rhiknosus from the Oriental part of China were also included there while five species described in Chen and Yang (2006) could not be included because the types were not available, and the descriptions are insufficient for inclusion.

Holotype. South Korea – Gyeonggi-do • female; Gapyeong-gun, [14] Cheongpyeong-myeon, Cheongpyeong-ri, Cheongpyeong Amusement Park; 14 Jun. 1992; D.-S. Ku leg.; 541; NIBR.

Paratypes. 3 females, 1 male. South Korea – Gangwon-do • 1 female; Yeongwol-gun, [11] Kimsatgat-myeon, Nae-ri, Town Gijeon; 28 May 1998; Jeong-Gyu Kim leg.; 20; SMNE. – Gyeonggi-do • 1 female; Suwon-si, [15] Gwonseon-gu, Seodun-dong, Yeogisan Mountain; 14 Aug. 1995; J.Y. Choi leg.; Malaise trap; 1201; SMNE. – Gyeongsangnam-do • 1 female; Geochang-gun, [26] Geochang-eup, Songjeong-ri; 35.6712, 127.885; 3 Jun. 2019; K. Samartsev leg.; forest on a mountain; B0080; ZISP • 1 male; Geoje-si, [30] Dongbu-myeon, Hakdong-ri; 23 Jun. 1990; D.-S. Ku leg.; 18; SMNE.

Figures 127–133. 

Syntomernus flavus sp. nov. (127–131 holotype, NIBR 132, 133 paratype, female, SMNE) 127 habitus, lateral view 128 head, front view 129 base of antenna 130 head and mesosoma, lateral view 131 head, dorsal view 132 head, ventrolateral view 133 propodeum, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (127); 0.5 mm (128–132); 0.25 mm (133).

The Latin flavus for (pale) yellow refers to entirely light-coloured body characterising the new species.

Figures 134–141. 

Syntomernus flavus sp. nov. (134–136 holotype, NIBR 139–141 male paratype, SMNE) 134 wings 135 hind tarsus 136 second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view 137 apex of ovipositor 138 first and second metasomal tergites, dorsolateral view 139 habitus, lateral view 140 metasoma, dorsolateral view 141 head, front view. Scale bars: 1 mm (134, 139); 0.5 mm (135–138, 140, 141); 0.25 mm (137).

Female. Body length 3.3–3.8 mm; fore wing length 3.9–4.0 mm.

Head. Width of head (dorsal view) 2.0–2.1× its median length. Transverse diameter of eye (dorsal view) 2.2–2.8× longer than temple. Eyes with sparse, short setae. OOL 2.7–3.1× Od; POL 1.0–1.1× Od; OOL 2.5–2.8× POL. Frons with deep mid-longitudinal groove. Longitudinal diameter of eye in lateral view 1.2–1.3× larger than its transverse diameter. Transverse diameter of eye (lateral view) 2.2–2.9× longer than minimum width of temple, hind margins of eye and temple parallel to broadened downwards. Face width 1.3–1.5× combined height of face and clypeus; 2.1–2.2× larger than width of hypoclypeal depression. Longitudinal diameter of eye 2.5–2.7× longer than malar space (front view); malar space 0.85–0.92× base of mandible. Malar suture absent. Width of hypoclypeal depression 1.1–1.2× larger than distance from depression to eye. Clypeus separated from face by weak dorsal carina, flattened, with protruding ventral rim, height of clypeus 0.3–0.4× width of hypoclypeal depression, clypeal sulcus absent, dorsal clypeal margin sharp. Maxillary palp longer than eye, but shorter than head.

Antenna 1.0–1.1× longer than fore wing, with 34–36 antennomeres. First flagellomere 3.0–3.2× longer than its apical width, 1.2–1.3× longer than second flagellomere. Middle and penultimate flagellomeres 1.8–1.9× and 1.9–2.1× longer than wide, respectively. Apical flagellomere spiculate.

Mesosoma 1.4× longer than its maximum height. Transverse pronotal sulcus smooth, deep anteriorly and posteriorly, smoothened medially. Notauli deep anteriorly, smoothened or absent posteriorly, not united. Mesoscutum setose on notauli and medio-posteriorly, anteromedially widely glabrous. Scutellar sulcus crenulate. Mesepimeral sulcus smooth or weakly crenulate, mesopleural pit weak, furrow-like. Median area of metanotum (dorsal view) with incomplete median carina. Metapleural sulcus smooth. Mid-longitudinal keel developed in apical half of propodeum, simple and high. Propodeal spiracle round, located behind middle of propodeum.

Wings. Fore wing 1.1–1.2× longer than body. Pterostigma 3.1–3.7× longer than wide. Vein r arising from basal 0.35–0.40 of pterostigma. Vein 1-R1 1.4–1.6× longer than pterostigma. Marginal cell 10–25× longer than distance from its apex to apex of wing. Vein 3-SR 1.4–2.1× longer than vein r, 0.24–0.27× as long as vein SR1, 0.8–1.1× as long as vein 2-SR. Vein 1-M 0.65–0.70× vein 1-SR+M, 1.9–2.5× vein m-cu. 1.9–2.4× longer than vein cu-a. Vein 2-SR+M 0.10–0.25× as long as vein 2-SR, 0.25–0.50× as long as vein m-cu. Vein 1-CU1 (posterior margin of discal cell) 2.8–3.6× longer than vein cu-a. Vein cu-a interstitial or weakly postfurcal. Vein 2-1A of hind wing absent or very short; vein r-m weakly antefurcal.

Legs. Fore tibia with weakly thickened longitudinal and transverse apical rows of long setae. Hind femur 3.8–4.2× longer than wide. Hind tibia 1.3× longer than hind femur, without subapical row of thick setae, its inner spur 0.4–0.5× as long as hind basitarsus. Hind tarsus 0.90–0.95× as long as hind tibia. Fifth segment (without pretarsus) of hind tarsus 0.40–0.45× as long as hind basitarsus and 0.87–0.94× as long as second segment. Claws with large, protruding and blunt basal lobes.

Metasoma 1.2–1.4× longer than mesosoma. Median length of first tergite (measured from petiolar tubercle) 0.75–0.90× as large as its apical width. Dorsolateral carinae of first metasomal tergite developed, dorsal carinae complete. Median area of first tergite separated by rugose furrow, 0.6–0.7× apical width of tergite, with distinct mid-longitudinal impression. Second tergite medially 1.1–1.2× longer than third tergite and 0.65–0.85× as large as apical width of first tergite. Basal width of second metasomal tergite 1.7–2.0× larger than its median length. Median area of second tergite strongly elevated, elongate triangular, with sharp crenulate margin. Anterolateral areas of second tergite wide, transverse, rounded, weakly elevated, with crenulated margin. Dorsolateral impressions of second tergite deep, s-shaped, crenulated. Spiracle of second metasomal tergite located in middle of tergite. Suture between second and third tergites deep and wide, curved and rugose. Apical margins of third to sixth tergites thick, with deep, weakly crenulate transverse subapical grooves. Ovipositor sheath 2.7–3.1× longer than hind tibia and 0.79–0.86× as long as fore wing. Apex of ovipositor with developed nodus and ventral serration.

Sculpture. Most of head and mesosoma smooth. Face weakly granulate; gena smooth or weakly granulate in lower part, malar space granulate, frons smooth or weakly granulate. First metasomal tergite laterally smooth, its median area posteriorly rugose. Second tergite medially areolate-rugose, with smooth hind margin and elevated areas. Third–sixth tergites with weak papillary-like sculpture.

Colour. Body brownish yellow. Scape yellow, flagellum yellowish brown, apically darkening. Maxillary palps, fore coxa and tegulae pale yellow or yellow. Wing membrane weakly darkened, darker apically; pterostigma brown with large yellow patch basally, wing veins yellowish brown.

Male. Body length 3.2 mm; fore wing length 3.3 mm. Longitudinal diameter of eye 2.2× longer than malar space (front view); malar space 0.8× base of mandible. Antenna 1.3× longer than fore wing, with 35 antennomeres. First flagellomere 4.1× longer than its apical width. Middle flagellomeres 2.5× longer than wide. Pterostigma 2.4× longer than wide. Median length of first tergite (measured from petiolar tubercle) 0.95× as large as its apical width.

The new species is remarkable by the light colouration of body, basally yellow and apically brown pterostigma, weakly sculptured elevated areas of second metasomal tergite and glabrous median lobe of mesoscutum.

Holotype. South Korea – Gangwon-do • 1 female; Yeongwol-gun, [12] Kimsatgat-myeon, Nae-ri, Town Gijeon; 28 May 1998; Jeong-Gyu Kim leg.; 540; NIBR.

Figures 142–152. 

Syntomernus scabrosus sp. nov. (holotype, NIBR) 142 habitus, lateral view 143 head, front view 144 head, lateral view 145 head, ventrolateral view 146 head, dorsal view 147 mesosoma, lateral view 148 hind tarsus 149 first metasomal tergite 150 apex of antenna 151 apex of hind tarsus 152 apex of ovipositor. Scale bars: 1 mm (142); 0.5 mm (143–149); 0.25 mm (150–152).

The adjective scabrosus (Latin for scabrous) refers to the roughly sculptured metasoma of the species.

Figures 153–156. 

Syntomernus scabrosus sp. nov. (holotype, NIBR) 153 wings 154 mesosoma, dorsal view 155 metasoma, dorsal view 156 metasoma, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (153, 156); 0.5 mm (154, 155).

Female. Body length 3.1 mm; fore wing length 3.7 mm.

Head. Width of head (dorsal view) 1.7× its median length. Transverse diameter of eye (dorsal view) 2.0× longer than temple. Eyes with sparse, short setae. OOL 2.4× Od; POL 1.2× Od; OOL 2.1× POL. Frons with deep mid-longitudinal groove. Longitudinal diameter of eye in lateral view 1.4× larger than its transverse diameter. Transverse diameter of eye (lateral view) 1.9× longer than minimum width of temple, hind margins of eye and temple parallel to broadened downwards. Face width 1.3× combined height of face and clypeus; 2.0× larger than width of hypoclypeal depression. Longitudinal diameter of eye 2.9× longer than malar space (front view); malar space 0.75× base of mandible. Malar suture absent. Width of hypoclypeal depression 1.3× larger than distance from depression to eye. Clypeus not separated from face by dorsal carina, flattened, with strongly protruding ventral rim, height of clypeus 0.32× width of hypoclypeal depression, clypeal sulcus smoothened. Maxillary palp longer than eye, but shorter than head.

Antenna 0.87× as long as fore wing, with 26 antennomeres. First flagellomere 2.5× longer than its apical width, 1.1× longer than second flagellomere. Middle and penultimate flagellomeres 1.7× and 2.0× longer than wide, respectively. Apical flagellomere spiculate.

Mesosoma 1.3× longer than its maximum height. Transverse pronotal sulcus deep and smooth. Notauli smooth, deep anteriorly, smoothened and not united posteriorly. Mesoscutum widely setose on notauli and anterolaterally, medially and latero-posteriorly widely glabrous. Scutellar sulcus crenulate. Mesepimeral sulcus smooth, mesopleural pit weak, furrow-like. Median area of metanotum (dorsal view) with incomplete median carina. Metapleural sulcus smooth. Mid-longitudinal keel developed in apical half of propodeum, simple and high. Propodeal spiracle vertical, located in middle of propodeum.

Wings. Fore wing 1.2× longer than body. Pterostigma 2.6× longer than wide. Vein r arising from basal 0.38 of pterostigma. Vein 1-R1 1.6× longer than pterostigma. Marginal cell 8.3× longer than distance from its apex to apex of wing. Vein 3-SR 1.3× longer than vein r, 0.26× as long as vein SR1, 0.83× as long as vein 2-SR. Vein 1-M 0.67× vein 1-SR+M, 2.1× vein m-cu, 1.8× longer than vein cu-a. Vein 2-SR+M 0.21× as long as vein 2-SR, 0.48× as long as vein m-cu. Vein 1-CU1 (posterior margin of discal cell) 2.5× longer than vein cu-a. Vein cu-a interstitial. Vein 2-1A of hind wing very-very short; vein r-m strongly antefurcal.

Legs. Fore tibia with longitudinal and transverse apical rows of thick setae. Hind femur 3.5× longer than wide. Hind tibia 1.4× longer than hind femur, with 2 thick setae subapically, its inner spur 0.4× as long as hind basitarsus. Hind tarsus 0.85× as long as hind tibia. Fifth segment (without pretarsus) of hind tarsus 0.6× as long as hind basitarsus and 1.2× longer than second segment. Claws with protruding blunt basal lobe.

Metasoma 1.4× longer than mesosoma. Dorsolateral carinae of first metasomal tergite developed, dorsal carinae complete. Median area of first tergite separated by rugose furrow. First metasomal tergite with deep, crenulate mid-longitudinal impression. Second tergite medially 1.1× longer than third tergite. Basal width of second metasomal tergite 2.3× larger than its median length. Median area of second tergite weakly elevated, elongate triangular, separated by crenulate furrows, with complete sharp margin. Anterolateral areas of second tergite weakly elevated, with smoothened sculpture. Dorsolateral impressions of second tergite deep, s-shaped, crenulated. Spiracle of second metasomal tergite located behind middle of tergite. Suture between second and third tergites deep and wide, strongly curved and rugose. Apical margins of third to sixth tergites thick, with deep, crenulate transverse subapical grooves. Ovipositor sheath 2.2× longer than hind tibia and 0.6× as long as fore wing. Apex of ovipositor with developed nodus and ventral serration.

Sculpture. Most of head and mesosoma smooth. Face weakly granulate, malar space granulate. First metasomal tergite laterally rugose, its median area weakly rugulose to rugose. Second–sixth tergites rugose.

Colour. Head, scape, most of mesosoma and ground colour of legs and metasoma brownish yellow. Malar space, maxillary palps, pronotum laterally, tegulae, fore and most of middle leg, basal part of hind tibia yellow. Flagellum, apices of tarsi of legs, apex of hind tibia, hind basitarsus and third–sixth metasomal tergites brown. Metanotum, propodeum, first metasomal tergite and anteromedian patch on second metasomal tergite dark brown. Wing membrane weakly darkened; pterostigma and veins brown.

Male. Unknown.

The new species is easily recognisable by the entirely rugose metasoma, relatively short ovipositor, and enlarged fifth segment of the hind tarsus.

Figures 157–166. 

Syntomernus pusillus Enderlein, 1920 (159–162 lectotype, MIIZ) and S. sunosei (Maeto, 1991) (163–167 holotype of Bracon flaccus Papp, 1996, HNHM) 157 habitus, lateral view 158, 164 head, front view 159, 163 head, dorsal view 162, 160 propodeum and first–third metasomal tergites, dorsolateral view 161 hind tarsus 165 habitus, dorsal view 166 propodeum and first–third metasomal tergites, dorsal view 167 first metasomal tergite, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (157, 165); 0.5 mm (158–164, 166); 0.25 mm (167).

Figures 168–178. 

Syntomernus tamabae (Maeto, 1991) (168–173 female, ZISP) and S. asphondyliae (Watanabe, 1940) (174–178 paratype, EIHU) 168 fore wing 169, 175 head, front view 170, 174 head, dorsal view 173, 178 metasoma, dorsal view 172 hind tarsus 171, 177 first metasomal tergite, dorsal view 176 habitus, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (168, 176); 0.5 mm (169–175, 178); 0.25 mm (177).