First checklist of the chrysidid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of Mongolia, with description of new species

Paolo Rosa; Maxim Yu. Proshchalykin; Marek Halada; Ulykpan Aibek

doi:10.3897/zookeys.999.58536

Research Article

First checklist of the chrysidid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of Mongolia, with description of new species

Paolo Rosa^‡, Maxim Yu. Proshchalykin^§, Marek Halada^|, Ulykpan Aibek^¶

‡ Unaffiliated, Bernareggio, Italy

§ Federal Scientific Centre for East Asian Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia

| Unaffiliated, České Budějovice, Czech Republic

¶ National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Corresponding author: Maxim Yu. Proshchalykin ( proshchalikin@biosoil.ru )

Academic editor: Michael S. Engel

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Rosa P, Proshchalykin MYu, Halada M, Aibek U (2020) First checklist of the chrysidid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of Mongolia, with description of new species. ZooKeys 999: 49-107. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.999.58536

ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:34E6CD7A-EAD1-46D4-926A-61683DFFC740

Abstract

An annotated checklist of the Chrysididae from Mongolia is provided. A revision of the bibliographical data is provied, since most of the collecting localities published for “Mongolia” refer to places currently located in China. The known Mongolian cuckoo wasp fauna counts 90 species in 18 genera and two subfamilies. Four genera and 57 species are recorded for the first time, including two species here described as new for science: Cleptes mongolicus Rosa, Halada & Agnoli, sp. nov. (Dornod) and Spinolia spinosa Rosa & Halada, sp. nov. (Bayankhongor).

Keywords

Catalogue, Central Asia, new records, Palaearctic region

Introduction

Mongolia is a large landlocked country in eastern Central Asia, covering 1,564,100 km². Politically, Mongolia is divided into 21 provinces named “aimags” with the capital Ulaanbaatar (Fig. 1). It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east, and west. Geographically and climatologically, it is an area of contrasts and extremes, between cold mountainous regions up to 4,000 m a.s.l. to the north and west and one of the largest deserts of the world in the south, the Gobi Desert. Most of the country is located on high plateaus, covered by steppes and extensive forested areas. It has an extreme continental climate with long, cold winters and short hot summers, during which most of its annual precipitation falls (Lavrenko 1979; Dathe and Proshchalykin 2016).

Figure 1.

Administrative map of Mongolia (from Dathe and Proshchalykin (2016) and Proshchalykin (2017) modified). Aimags: 1 Bayan-Ulgii 2 Uvs 3 Khovd 4 Zavkhan 5 Govi-Altai 6 Khuvsgul 7 Arkhangai 8 Bayankhongor 9 Bulgan 10 Orkhon 11 Uvurkhangai 12 Umnugovi 13 Selenge 14 Darkhan-Uul 15 Tuv 16 Ulaanbaatar 17 Dundgovi 18 Khentii 19 Govi-Sümber 20 Dornogovi 21 Dornod 22 Sukhbaatar.

Mongolian cuckoo wasps are scarcely known and a few occasional records are found in the literature (Rosa 2017a). Only one article (Móczár 1967) deals with Mongolian material collected by Dr Z. Kaszab during his entomological excursions in this country (1963–1968). Other scattered findings have been published (du Buysson 1901; Semenov-Tian-Shanskij 1912, 1932, 1967; Semenov-Tian-Shanskij and Nikol’skaya 1954; Linsenmaier 1997a; Rosa et al. 2017a, b), while most of the remaining bibliographical data recorded for “Mongolia” actually refer to localities currently included in China (Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Gansu) (du Buysson 1893; Radoszkowski 1877, 1891; Mocsáry 1890; Dalla Torre 1892; Bischoff 1913; Hammer 1936; Tsuneki 1947, 1953a; Linsenmaier 1959, 1968; Semenov-Tian-Shanskij 1967; Kimsey and Bohart 1991; Rosa et al. 2014, 2015). Approximately 30 species were properly recorded from Mongolia so far (Rosa 2017a) and we here add 57 new records for this country, mostly based on the materials collected by Czech entomologists (M. Halada, J. Halada, J. Straka, and M. Kadlecová) in 2003–2007 and mainly housed in the private collections of MH (České Budějovice, Czech Republic) and PR (Bernareggio, Italy). Other new records were found during the examination of the Chrysididae collection housed at the Zoological Institute in St. Petersburg (Russia, ZIN) and based on the material collected during the expeditions of V. Roborovskij and P. Kozlov in 1895 and P. Kozlov in 1926. Finally, a few specimens were examined from the material collected in Mongolia by Soviet-Mongolian expeditions in 1967–1982. Soviet-Mongolian expedition were conducted from 1967 to 1983 and led to the collection of extensive entomological material, which became the basis for the publication of numerous articles and books (including Insects of Mongolia in eleven volumes), devoted to the study of various insects families (Proshchalykin and Kuhlmann 2015), although the Chrysididae were never examined by anyone. Large part of the cuckoo wasps collected during these entomological expeditions is still unprepared and unidentified.

Unpublished distributional records from Mongolia were recently published in the volume on Russian Chrysididae (Rosa et al. 2019), for a better understanding of the distribution of the Asian species, but exact localities were omitted because they were not of interest for that publication. We here report the precise data of species recorded for the first time in Rosa et al. 2019, which are mostly based on material housed in the Linsenmaier collection (Luzern, Switzerland).

In the present paper, based on a comprehensive study of specimens (including primary types) deposited in various collections, we report additional records of 72 species, with two species described as new and 55 species recorded from Mongolia for the first time, resulting in a total number of 90 cuckoo wasps species known from this country (Table 1).

Table 1.

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Records of Mongolian cuckoo wasp species by aimags.

No.	Species	Aimags
1.	Chrysis aestiva Dahlbom, 1854	7
2.	Chrysis angustula Schenck, 1856	7, 15
3.	Chrysis asahinai Tsuneki, 1950	8, 9, 12, 15, 20, 22
4.	Chrysis belokobylskiji Rosa, 2019	4, 12, 15
5.	Chrysis brevitarsis Thomson, 1870	9
6.	Chrysis castigata Linsenmaier, 1959	13, 15
7.	Chrysis chinensis Mocsáry, 1912	7, 13, 15
8.	Chrysis consanguinea Mocsáry, 1889	4, 7, 9, 13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22
9.	Chrysis dauriana Linsenmaier, 1959	4, 7–9, 13, 18
10.	Chrysis equestris Dahlbom, 1854	7, 13
11.	Chrysis fulgida Linnaeus, 1761	7, 13, 15
12.	Chrysis ignita (Linnaeus, 1758)	9
13.	Chrysis illecebrosa Semenov, 1967	12
14.	Chrysis illigeri Wesmael, 1839	13, 15
15.	Chrysis ismaeli Semenov, 1967	12, 20, 21
16.	Chrysis jaxartis Semenov, 1910	12, 13, 15, 18, 21
17.	Chrysis leptomandibularis Niehuis, 2000	15
18.	Chrysis mane Semenov, 1912	15
19.	Chrysis matutina Semenov, 1967	7
20.	Chrysis mediata Linsenmaier, 1951	15
21.	Chrysis mocsaryi Radoszkowski, 1889	3
22.	Chrysis mysticalis Linsenmaier, 1959	4, 7, 9, 15, 20
23.	Chrysis nox Semenov, 1954	5, 15
24.	Chrysis pavesii Rosa, 2017	5, 15
25.	Chrysis priapus Rosa, 2018	5
26.	Chrysis pseudobrevitarsis Linsenmaier, 1951	7, 15
27.	Chrysis pupilla Semenov, 1967	12
28.	Chrysis rutilans Olivier, 1791	15
29.	Chrysis schencki Linsenmaier, 1968	7, 9
30.	Chrysis sibirica Rosa, 2017	7
31.	Chrysis solida Haupt, 1957	21
32.	Chrysis splendidula unica Radoszkowski, 1891	7
33.	Chrysis subcoriacea Linsenmaier, 1959	7
34.	Chrysis viridula Linnaeus, 1761	15
35.	Chrysura dichroa (Dahlbom, 1854)	4
36.	Chrysura ignifrons (Brullé, 1833)	4
37.	Cleptes dauriensis Móczár, 1997	3, 8, 11
38.	Cleptes mongolicus Rosa, Halada, & Agnoli, sp. nov.	21
39.	Colpopyga nesterovi Rosa, 2017	21
40.	Elampus albipennis (Mocsáry, 1889)	7, 20
41.	Elampus coloratus Rosa, 2017	22
42.	Elampus montanus (Mocsáry, 1890)	20
43.	Elampus panzeri (Fabricius, 1804)	4, 7
44.	Elampus sanzii Gogorza, 1887	15
45.	Elampus spinifemoris (Móczár, 1967)	11
46.	Euchroeus mongolicus Tsuneki, 1947	5, 11, 12
47.	Euchroeus orientis Semenov, 1910	22
48.	Hedychridium ardens (Coquebert, 1801)	4, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 18, 21, 22
49.	Hedychridium asianum Linsenmaier, 1997	7–9, 16
50.	Hedychridium belokobylskiji Rosa, 2017	15
51.	Hedychridium cupreum (Dahlbom, 1845)	4, 5, 8, 11, 12, 15, 20
52.	Hedychridium gabriellae Rosa, 2017	8, 15, 20
53.	Hedychridium longigena Rosa, 2017	8, 9, 13, 15, 18, 20, 21
54.	Hedychridium propodeale Rosa, 2017	5
55.	Hedychridium roseum (Rossi, 1790)	7, 20–22
56.	Hedychrum chalybaeum Dahlbom, 1854	5, 8, 13, 15, 16, 21, 22
57.	Hedychrum gerstaeckeri Chevrier, 1869	13, 15, 18
58.	Hedychrum lama du Buysson, 1891	3
59.	Hedychrum longicolle Abeille de Perrin, 1877	9, 12, 15, 21, 22
60.	Hedychrum nobile (Scopoli, 1763)	4, 7, 13, 15
61.	Hedychrum rutilans ermak Semenov, 1967	7, 13, 15, 21, 22
62.	Holopyga generosa asiatica Trautmann, 1926	13
63.	Holopyga kaszabi Móczár, 1967	11, 12, 20
64.	Holopyga minuma Linsenmaier, 1959	21, 22
65.	Omalus aeneus (Fabricius, 1787)	15, 16
66.	Omalus berezovskii (Semenov, 1932)	16
67.	Omalus margianus (Semenov, 1932)	7–9, 15, 22
68.	Omalus miramae (Semenov, 1932)	8, 20, 22
69.	Omalus stella (Semenov, 1932)	7, 11, 15
70.	Parnopes glasunowi Semenov, 1901	3
71.	Parnopes popovii Eversmann, 1858	7, 9, 12, 15, 20–22
72.	Pentachrysis amoena (Eversmann, 1858)	without locality
73.	Philoctetes bogdanovii (Radoszkowski, 1877)	7
74.	Philoctetes cynthiae Rosa, 2017	8, 11, 16, 22
75.	Philoctetes diakonovi (Semenov, 1932)	20
76.	Philoctetes lyubae Rosa, 2017	20
77.	Philoctetes mongolicus (du Buysson, 1901)	7, 8, 11, 15, 16, 18, 22
78.	Philoctetes shokalskii (Semenov, 1932)	8, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18–22
79.	Pseudochrysis gengiskhan Rosa, 2017	8, 9, 13, 15, 21, 22
80.	Pseudochrysis neglecta (Shuckard, 1837)	15
81.	Pseudomalus auratus nigridorsus (Tsuneki, 1953)	4, 9, 15, 18
82.	Pseudomalus corensis (Uchida, 1927)	9, 13, 15, 16, 18, 21
83.	Pseudomalus punctatus (Uchida, 1927)	9, 15, 18, 21
84.	Pseudomalus pusillus (Fabricius, 1804)	8, 9, 11–13, 15, 18, 21
85.	Spinolia spinosa Rosa & Halada, sp. nov.	8
86.	Spinolia unicolor (Dahlbom, 1831)	5
87.	Stilbum calens (Fabricius, 1781)	7, 9, 11, 15, 20
88.	Trichrysis cyanea (Linnaeus, 1758)	8, 13, 15
89.	Trichrysis pellucida (du Buysson, 1887)	without locality
90.	Trichrysis secernenda (Mocsáry, 1912)	13

Materials and methods

Terminology follows Lanes et al. (2020), Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology (HAO 2020), and partly Kimsey and Bohart (1991). Abbreviations used in the descriptions are as follows:

F1, F2, F3, etc. flagellomeres 1, 2, 3, etc., respectively;

l/w length/width;

MOD anterior ocellus diameter;

MS malar space, the shortest distance between base of mandible and lower margin of compound eye;

OOL the shortest distance between posterior ocellus and compound eye;

P pedicel;

PD puncture diameter;

POL the shortest distance between posterior ocelli;

T1–T5 metasomal terga numbered consecutively, starting with 1 at the second abdominal segment.

Pictures of the types were taken with Nikon D700 connected to the microscope Togal SCZ and stacked with the software Combine ZP.

The checklist follows the genera subdivision proposed by Kimsey and Bohart (1991), with few exceptions for some genera (e.g., Euchroeus Latreille, 1809, Pseudochrysis Semenov, 1891 and Colpopyga Semenov, 1954). The species are listed alphabetically. We have used the following abbreviations for collectors: JH – J. Halada; JS – J. Straka; MH – M. Halada; MK – M. Kadlecová. An asterisk (*) marks the new records.

Types and other specimens are deposited in the following Institutions and private collections:

EIHU Entomology Institute, Hokkaido University (Japan);

HNHM Hungarian Natural History Museum, Zoological Department, Budapest (Hungary);

ISEA-PAS Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków (Poland);

LSL Linnean Society, London (England);

MCNM Museo National de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid (Spain);

MFN Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (Germany);

MHNG Museum d’Histoire Naturelle, Geneva (Switzerland);

MNHN National Museum of Natural History, Paris (France);

MSNG Museo di Storia Naturale, Genova (Italy);

NHMUK British Museum of Natural History, London (UK);

NHMW Museum of Natural History, Vienna (Austria);

NIAS National Institute of Agro-Environmetal Science, Tsukuba (Japan);

NMLS Natur Museum, Luzern (Switzerland);

OMNH Osaka Museum of Natural History, Osaka (Japan);

ZIN Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg (Russia);

ZMMU Zoological Museum of Moscow Lomonosov State University (Russia);

ZMUL Zoologiska Museet, Lund Zoological Museum, University of Lund (Sweden);

GLAC G.L. Agnoli collection (Bologna, Italy);

MHC M. Halada collection (České Budějovice, Czech Republic);

PRC P. Rosa collection (Bernareggio, Italy);

UKC U. Koschwitz collection (Eppenbraun, Germany).

Results

Taxa from Mongolia

Subfamily Cleptinae

Genus Cleptes Latreille, 1802

Cleptes Latreille, 1802: 316. Type species: Sphex semiaurata Linnaeus, 1761 [= Cleptes semiauratus (Linnaeus, 1761)], by monotypy.

Cleptes dauriensis Móczár, 1997

Cleptes (Cleptes) dauriensis Móczár, 1997: 36. Holotype ♀: Russia: Dauria, leg. F. Sahlb., “Cleptes n. sp. nitidulo Fbr. aff.”, Holotype Cleptes dauriensis ♀ Móczár n. sp. det. Móczár 1995” (Hym. Typ. No. 3845 Mus. Budapest) (HMNH).

Cleptes dauriensis: Rosa 2017a: 288. Rosa et al. 2019: 310 (Mongolia, Figs 4, 5).

Material examined

Mongolia: Khovd, 1 ♂, Bodongin-Gol River, 12 km SW Altai, 22.VII.1970, leg. M. Kozlov (ZIN); Uvurkhangai, 1 ♀, 12 km E of Arvaykheer, 46°22'N, 102°49'E, 1800 m, 3.VII.2004, leg. JH (GLAC); Bayankhongor, 1 ♂, 16 km SW of Bayankhongor, 46°13'N, 100°30'E, 2165 m, 10.VII.2004, leg. JH (GLAC).

Distribution

Mongolia (Bayankhongor, Khovd, Uvurkhangai); Russia (Zabaikalskii Terr.) (Rosa 2017a).

Cleptes mongolicus Rosa, Halada & Agnoli, sp. nov.

http://zoobank.org/73389B93-F683-41CC-84AC-3E16ED9B3000

Figures 2, 3

Type material

Holotype : ♀, Mongolia: Dornod, 100 km W of Choibalsan, 820 m, 23.VII.2007, leg. M. Halada (ZIN). Paratypes: 1 ♂, same collecting locality and date (GLAC); 1 ♂, 20 km W of Choibalsan, 48°01'N, 114°14'E, 800 m, 24.VII.2007, leg. M. Halada (PRC).

Diagnosis

Cleptes mongolicus sp. nov. belongs to the C. nitidulus species group, based on the pronotum without posterior pit row and without longitudinal median sulcus or posterior median keel. It is closely related only to C. margaritae Móczár, 2000 from Tajikistan, for its general habitus and colouration. The latter belongs to the C. satoi group (Móczár 2000), for the modified pronotal structure, without posterior transversal groove, but with a posteromedian longitudinal keel. Besides the unmodified pronotum, the female of C. mongolicus sp. nov. can be easily separated from the female of C. margaritae by: a) pubescence whitish, shorter on metasoma (max 2.5 MOD) (vs. blackish, longer on metasoma, up to 3 MOD); b) punctation on metasoma with polished T1, shallow and sparse tiny punctures on T2, double punctures on T3 (vs. scattered punctate on T1, densely and evenly punctate on T2 and T3); c) colouration: head entirely black; propodeum entirely blue; T3 and T4 laterally blue; pedicel and F1 yellow; femora apically, tibiae and tarsi yellow (vs. head blue; propodeum black with median blue spot; T3 and T4 fully black; pedicel and flagellum dark brown). The male of Cl. margaritae is currently unknown.

Description

Female. Holotype (Fig. 2A–F). Body length 4.6 mm. Forewing length 2.7 mm. POL = 2.2 MOD; OOL = 2.7 MOD. MS = 2.0 MOD. P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:1.0:0.7:0.7. F1 1.5 × as long as wide, F2 1.1 × as long as wide. Head. Head in frontal view 1.2 × as broad as long between lower edge of clypeus and vertex. Face and vertex with small, even, and sparse punctures (1–4 PD) (Fig. 2B). Clypeal lower margin simple, unmodified, 2 MOD width, without acute teeth at corners; lateral edges subparallel. Frontal sulcus broad and deep in the first part, from anterior ocellus to mid of face, faint in the second half, from mid-face to the clypeal margin (Fig. 2B). Mandibles tridentate. Ocellar triangle isosceles, without post-ocellar sulcus. Postero-lateral pits close to posterior ocelli deep and elongate. Pedicel as long as F1. Malar spaces elongate (2.0 MOD). Mesosoma. Pronotum unmodified; pronotal neck finely striated transversally; posterior margin of pronotum simple, without transverse row of pits or median keel. Pronotum with small punctures similar to those on vertex. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum scarcely punctate, with tiny and scattered punctures (Fig. 2C), largely impunctate; notauli and parapsidal lines deep and complete. Mesopleuron with small, deep punctures; transversely aligned medially; with short, deep scrobal sulcus on posterior half (Fig. 2D). Metascutellum noticeably reduced by large metanotal trough and by deep and large anteromedian suture. Metapleuron transversely striate. Metapostnotum (dorsal surface of metapectal-propodeal complex) short, irregularly reticulate, with large foveae along posterior margin, before the propodeal declivity. Propodeal posterior projections short, stout, and divergent. Wing veins and cells unmodified. Metasoma. All metasomal terga with impunctate, brownish stripe along posterior margin (Fig. 2F); T1 mostly impunctate, with a few, sparse, tiny punctures; T2 with even, sparse, small punctures (3–5 PD), posteromedially polished; T3 with dense, irregular and double punctation; scattered to polished toward the apical margin; T4 with large, scattered punctures. Colouration. Head black, with violet reflections medially on clypeus; scapus dorsally violet, ventrally brownish without metallic reflections; P light brown and F1 yellow; other flagellomeres dark brown to blackish. Mandible dark brown, medially yellowish. Pronotal neck medially black; pronotum, mesonotum, mesopleuron, metanotum (excluding black anterior suture and axillary trough), metapleuron metallic red with purple reflections dorsally; propodeum dorsally blue, propodeal declivity black; body ventrally black. Metasoma entirely black; apical margin of each tergum with brownish stripe; laterally on T3 with feeble green reflections; laterally on T4 with extended blue reflections (Fig. 2E). Tegulae brown. Legs with tibiae and tarsi yellowish; coxae red to golden; profemur anteriorly metallic red excluding distal joint; metafemur posteriorly metallic; other parts brown.

Figure 2.

Cleptes mongolicus sp. nov., female, holotype A habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D head and mesosoma, lateral view E metasoma, postero-lateral view F metasoma, dorso-lateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Male. Paratypes. Body length 4.0–4.2 mm. POL = 1.6 MOD; OOL = 1.0 MOD. MS = 1.9 MOD. P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:1.4:0.9:0.9. F1 3.5 × as long as wide (width taken at distal apex), F2 1.5×. Head. Head in frontal view 1.3 × as broad as long between lower edge of clypeus and vertex. Face and vertex with small, even, and denser punctures (1–2 PD) compared to female (Fig. 3B). Frontal sulcus narrow and visible in the first part, from anterior ocellus to brow, faint in the second half, from mid-face to the clypeal margin (Fig. 3B). Lower face medially with punctures more spaced 4–5 PD. Ocellar triangle, post-ocellar sulcus, and posterolateral pits similar to female. F1 1.5 × as long as P. Mesosoma. Punctation overall similar to that of female; metascutellum larger, with narrow anteromedian mesoscutellar-metascutal suture; metapleuron polished. Other characters as in female. Metasoma. T1 with denser (2–5 PD), tiny punctures; T2 with even, denser (1–3 PD), small punctures (3–5 PD), posteromedially sparser to polished; T3 with dense, irregular and double punctation; scattered to polished toward the apical margin; T4 with similar punctures; T5 almost polished, with scattered punctures. Colouration. Species sexually dimorphic with head and mesosoma bright green, including ventral side; propodeum blue. Mandible metallic green from base to half length. Scapus green, pedicel and flagellum black. Metasoma entirely black, with terga apically brownish and laterally with feeble blue reflections on T3 and T4 (Fig. 3E). Tegulae brown. Coxae and femora medially green; trochanters brown, femora distally and tarsi yellowish.

Figure 3.

Cleptes mongolicus sp. nov., male, paratype A habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D mesosoma, lateral view E metasoma, postero-lateral view F metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Etymology

The specific epithet is named after the country of origin.

Distribution

Mongolia (Dornod).

Subfamily Chrysidinae

Tribe Chrysidini

Genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761

Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761: 414. Type species: Sphex ignita Linnaeus, 1758 [= Chrysis ignita (Linnaeus, 1758)], by subsequent designation of Latreille 1810: 437.

Tetrachrysis Lichtenstein, 1876: 27. Type species: Chrysis aeruginosa Dahlbom, 1854, by subsequent designation of Ashmead 1902: 226. Synonymized by Linsenmaier 1959: 91.

Chrysis aestiva Dahlbom, 1854

Chrysis aestiva Dahlbom, 1854: 286. Holotype ♀; Greece: Rhodes (Berlin ?) (aestiva group).

Material examined

Mongolia: Arkhangai, 1 ♂, 90 km NE of Tsetserleg, 48°03'N, 102°25'E, 27.VII.2005, leg. JH (MHC).

Distribution

*Mongolia (Arkhangai); Asiatic-European, from Caucasus, Turkey, Greece, Iran, Palestine, European part of Russia to Mongolia (Rosa et al. 2019, present record).

Remarks

This is the most eastern record for Chrysis aestiva.

Chrysis angustula Schenck, 1856

Chrysis angustula Schenck, 1856: 28. Lectotype ♀ (designated by Morgan 1984: 9); Germany: former Duchy of Nassau (Frankfurt) (ignita group).

Material examined

Mongolia: Arkhangai, 5 ♀♀, 1 ♂, Chuluut Gol River, 47°48'N, 100°19'E, 23.VII.2005, leg. JH (MHC); 4 ♀♀, 1 ♂, 70 km NE of Tsetserleg, 25.VII.2005, leg. JH (MHC); Tuv, 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂, 50 km E of Ulaanbaatar, Tuul River, 22.VI.2003, leg. JH (MHC).

Distribution

*Mongolia (Arkhangai, Tuv); Asiatic-European, from western Europe to China and Russia (Rosa et al. 2019).

Chrysis asahinai Tsuneki, 1950

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) asahinai Tsuneki, 1950: 80. Holotype ♀; China, Manchuria, 22.VIII.1938, leg. S. Asahina (OMNH) (pulchella group).

Chrysis (Chrysis) exsulans var. asiatica Linsenmaier, 1951: 82. Holotype ♀; Uzbekistan: Ferghana (Budapest) (examined) (ignita group), nom. praeocc., nec Radoszkwoski 1889.

Chrysis (Chrysis) exsulans var. castigata Linsenmaier, 1959: 155. Replacement name for C. asiatica Linsenmaier, 1951.

Material examined

Mongolia: Selenge, 2 ♂♂, 90 km N of Ulaanbaatar, Segnez River, 1450 m, 6–8.VII.2003, leg. JH (MHC); Tuv, 1 ♂, 50 km N of Ulaanbaatar, E of Mandal, 1180 m, 8–13.VIII.2007, leg. MH (MHC).

Distribution

*Mongolia (Selenge, Tuv); Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Russia (Eastern Siberia) (Rosa et al. 2019).

Chrysis chinensis Mocsáry, 1912

Material examined

Mongolia: (Form A): Arkhangai, 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂, 70 km NE of Tsetserleg, 25.VII.2005, leg. JH (MHC); Selenge, 1 ♂, 90 km N of Ulaanbaatar, Segnez River, 1450 m, 6–8.VII.2003, leg. JH (MHC); Tuv, 5 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂, 50 km E of Ulaanbaatar, Tuul River, 22.VI.2003, leg. JH (MHC); (Form B): Arkhangai, 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂, 70 km NE of Tsetserleg, 25.VII.2005, leg. JH (MHC); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Chuluut Gol River, 47°48'N, 100°19'E, 23.VII.2005, leg. JH (MHC); Tuv, 1 ♀, 50 km E of Ulaanbaatar, Tuul River, 22.VI.2003, leg. JH (MHC).

Distribution

*Mongolia (Arkhangai, Selenge, Tuv); Asiatic-European, from Europe to eastern Siberia, Russian Far East and North-East China (Manchuria) (Rosa et al. 2014, 2019).

Remarks

Two distinct colour forms (Fig. 4) are recorded from Mongolia, Siberia and Primorsky Territory (Russia), and Heilongjiang (China). Form A is matching with the typical European Chrysis fulgida (Fig. 4A, C). Form B is chromatic different without the typical blue colouration on male and female metasoma and with non-metallic black areas on head vertex and mesosoma (Fig. 4B, D). Male T1 golden-greenish, with or without a narrow transversal green or bluish stripe or patch; T2 red, with or without a basal, narrow black stripe; female T1 golden-greenish, with green to bluish colour on T1 frontal declivity to petiolar insertion. This colour variation has also been observed in specimens from Russia (Siberia and Primorsky Territory) and China (Heilongjiang). The Chinese form was mentioned by Linsenmaier (1968) as Chrysis aequicolor Linsenmaier, 1968, which is anyway an unnecessary replacement name for Chrysis fulgida var. concolor Mocsáry, 1912 nec Mocsáry, 1892 (actually male and female of the same taxon). Other evident different morphological characteristics are not recognizable. However, these two forms may represent two sister species, genetically separate, but difficult to identify on the basis of morphological characteristics, as in other known cases of Chrysis of the ignita group (Paukkunen et al. 2015; Orlovskytė et al. 2016).

Figure 4.

Chrysis fulgida Linnaeus, habitus dorsal view A form A, ♀ B form B, ♀ C form A, ♂ D form B, ♂. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Chrysis ignita (Linnaeus, 1758)

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) Mocsaryi Radoszkowski, 1889: 29. Holotype ♀; Mongolia: Kobden (Khovd) (ISEA-PAS) (examined) (comparata group). Mocsáry 1889: 426 (cat., descr., Mongolia).

Chrysis mocsaryi: Dalla Torre 1892: 78 (cat., Mongolia); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 440 (cat., Mongolia: Kobden, comparata-scutellaris group). Rosa et al. 2015: 41 (cat., type series), 42 (Fig. 4).

Material examined

Mongolia: Holotype ♀, golden rounded label, Kansu Kobden-Owatu 12/VIII [handwritten] Mocsáry [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Chrysis Mocsaryi Rad. (tres interep.) [?] [handwritten by Mocsáry], label with right flagellum and metasoma, Mus. Pan Krakow [hadwritten by Dylewska].

Distribution

Mongolia (Khovd) (Radoszkowski 1889).

Chrysis mysticalis Linsenmaier, 1959

Chrysis mysticalis Linsenmaier, 1959: 165. Holotype ♀; Spain: Zamora (Luzern) (examined) (inaequalis group).

Material examined

Mongolia: Arkhangai, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 90 km NE of Tsetserleg, 48°03'N, 102°25'E, 24.VII.2004, leg. MK (MHC); Bulgan, 2 ♂♂, Mongol Els Nat. Res., dunes, 47°24'N, 103°39'E, 31.VII.2005, leg. JH (MHC); Dornogovi, 1 ♀, 28 km of SE Chatan-Bulag, 3.VIII.2007, leg. MH MHC); Tuv, 1 ♂, 50 km E of Ulaanbaatar, Tuul River, 22.VI.2003, leg. JH (MHC); 2 ♀♀, 50 km N of Ulaanbaatar, E of Mandal, 1180 m, 8–13.VIII.2007, leg. MH (MHC); Zavkhan, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 40 km SW of Uliastay, dunes, 18.VII.2005, leg. JH (MHC).

Distribution

*Mongolia (Arkhangai, Bulgan, Dornogovi, Tuv, Zavkhan); from southern Europe to eastern Siberia (Rosa et al. 2017b).

Chrysis nox Semenov, 1954

Distribution

*Mongolia (Tuv); Palaearctic, from western Europe and North Africa to China and Japan (Linsenmaier 1997b).

Chrysis schencki Linsenmaier, 1968

Chrysis (Chrysis) ignita ssp. schenckiana Linsenmaier, 1959: 156, nom. praeocc., nec Mocsáry, 1912. Holotype ♀; Switzerland: Graubünden (Luzern) (examined) (ignita group).

Chrysis (Chrysis) ignita schencki Linsenmaier, 1968: 99. Replacement name for C. ignita schenckiana Linsenmaier, 1959.

Material examined

Mongolia: Arkhangai, 2 ♀♀, Chuluut Gol River, 47°48'N, 100°19'E, 23.VII.2005, leg. JH, det. J. Van der Smissen (MHC); Bulgan, 2 ♀♀, Mongol Els Nat. Res., dunes, 47°24'N, 103°39'E, 31.VII.2005, leg. JH, det. J. Van der Smissen (MHC).

Distribution

*Mongolia (Arkhangai, Bulgan); Asiatic-European, from western Europe to Central Asia, Siberia and Japan (Rosa et al. 2019).

Chrysis sibirica Rosa, 2017

Chrysis sibirica Rosa in Rosa et al., 2017c: 24. Holotype ♀; Russia: Tuva Rep., 31 km NEE of Erzin, Erzin River, 18.vii.2014, leg. A. Lelej, M. Proshchalykin & V. Loktionov (St. Petersburg) (bihamata group).

Material examined

Mongolia: Arkhangai, 1 ♀, Chuluut Gol River, 47°48'N, 100°19'E, 23.VII.2005, leg. JH (MHC).

Distribution

*Mongolia (Arkhangai); Russia (Eastern Siberia) (Rosa et al. 2017c).

Chrysis solida Haupt, 1957

Euchroeus mongolicus Tsuneki, 1947

Euchroeus purpuratus f. mongolicus Tsuneki, 1947: 54. Holotype ♀; China: Inner Mongolia: Apaka (NIAS).

Euchroeus (Euchroeus) mongolicus: Linsenmaier 1959: 73 (tax., descr., Mongolia [= Inner Mongolia]), 200 (fig. 213).

Spinolia (Euchroeus) par Semenov, 1967: 189 (cat., Mongolia: 1 ♀, Uburchangaj aimag: Changaj Mt., 8 km W of Somon Chajrchandulaan, 2000 m, Exp. Dr. Z. Kaszab, 1964, nr. 217, 28.VI.1964; 1 ♀, Southgobi aimag: 60 km E of Somon Bulgan, 1120 m, Exp. Dr. Z. Kaszab 1964, nr. 262, 4.VII.1964).

Brugmoia quadrata f. mongolica: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 296 (cat., China [not Mongolia]: Apaka).

Euchroeus mongolicus: Rosa et al. 2014: 68 (cat.), 111 (Plate 59); Rosa et al. 2019: 326 (Mongolia, figs 83, 84).

Material examined

Mongolia: Govi-Altai, 25 ♀♀, 1 ♂, 70 km E of Altay city, Guulin, 14.VII.2005, leg. JH (MHC, PRC).

Distribution

Mongolia (*Govi-Altai, Umnugovi, Uvurkhangai); China (Inner Mongolia, Shanxi) (Rosa et al. 2014).

Euchroeus orientis Semenov, 1910

Pseudochrysis (Euchroeus) purpurata subsp. orientis Semenov-Tian-Shansky, 1910: 214. Lectotype ♂, designated by Kimsey in Kimsey & Bohart 1991: 296; China: Bugas near Khami, SE of Tian-Shan [China, Xinjiang], 3–5.IX.1895, leg. V. Roborovskij & P. Kozlov (ZIN) (examined).

Spinolia (Euchroeus) orientis: Móczár 1967: 189 (cat., Mongolia: 1 ♂, Suchebaator [= Sukhbaatar] aimag: Ongon elis, 10 km S of Somon Chongor, 900 m, Exp. Dr. Z. Kaszab, 1965, nr. 356, 3.–4.VIII.1965; 1 ♂, 44 km SSW of Baruun urt, 1050 m, Exp. Dr. Z. Kaszab, 1965, nr. 349, 2.–3.VIII.1965).

Euchroeus (Euchroeus) purpuratus orientis: Linsenmaier 1968: 46 (descr., Mongolia, observed in the collections of HNHM and MHNH, without precise localities).

Mongolia (*Bayankhongor, *Dornod, *Selenge, Sukhbaatar, *Tuv, Bulgan); Russia (Siberia) (Rosa et al. 2017c).

Pseudochrysis neglecta (Shuckard, 1837)

Chrysis neglecta Shuckard, 1837: 169. Lectotype ♀ (designated by Morgan 1984: 9); England (LSL).

Material examined

Mongolia: Tuv, 1 ♂, 50 km E of Ulaanbaatar, Tuul River, 22.VI.2003, leg. JH (MHC).

Distribution

*Mongolia (Tuv); Holarctic: from west Europe to Turkey, Siberia, Manchuria and Russian Far East (Rosa et al. 2019); North America (Bohart and Kimsey 1982).

Genus Spinolia Dahlbom, 1854

Spinolia Dahlbom, 1854: 363. Type species: Spinolia magnifica Dahlbom, 1854 [= Spinolia lamprosoma (Förster, 1853)], by monotypy.

Spinolia spinosa Rosa & Halada, sp. nov.

http://zoobank.org/A105F4B1-87F4-4005-B1A0-09844A7247B0

Figures 5A, D, 6A, D

Type material

Holotype : ♀, Mongolia: Bayankhongor, Edringiyn-Nuru Ridge, 100 km SSW of Bayan-Under, 5.IX.1970, leg. V. Zaitzev (ZIN).

Diagnosis

Spinolia spinosa sp. nov. is closely related to Central Asian species of the unicolor group, which includes S. chalcites (Mocsáry, 1890), S. rusalka (Semenov, 1901), S. hedychroides (Bingham, 1903) and other small species so far considered synonyms of S. chalcites (Kimsey and Bohart 1991). S. spinosa sp. nov. female can be easily separated from all these species by: lateral pronotal area and propleuron ventrally V-shaped carinate, displaying two teeth in lateral view (Fig. 5D) (vs. unmodified in other species); mesopleuron with large and deep scrobal sulcus subtended by large projecting subrectangular carina (Fig. 5D) (vs. U-shaped carina); sparse, deep and large punctures on mesosoma (Fig. 6D), and sparse and deep punctures on metasoma (vs. punctation with dense, shallow and tiny punctures on mesosoma, denser and shallower on metasoma); antennae yellowish, distinctly elongate (Fig. 5A) (vs. black to dark brown, with short to very short flagellomeres); head, in frontal view, transversely subrectangular (Fig. 6A) and not triangular (Fig. 6B); with bulging eyes, similarly to S. unicolor. It is additionally separated from S. unicolor by punctation, elongate and yellowish antennae and bronze body colour (entirely blue body in S. unicolor, with shortened, blackish flagellomeres).

Figure 5.

Spinolia species, females A S. spinosa sp. nov., dorsal view B S. chalcites, dorsal view C S. unicolor, dorsal view D Spinolia spinosa sp. nov., lateral view: arrows pointing at pronotal and propleural spines. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Description

Female. Body length 6.0 mm. Fore wing length 3.8 mm. OOL = 2.3 MOD; POL = 1.9 MOD; MS = 0.7 MOD; relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:1.4:1.0:0.8; subantennal space: 1.4 MOD. Head. Vertex with deep and contiguous punctures, as large as 0.25 MOD; vertex moderately depressed and impunctate in front of anterior ocellus and impunctate laterad of posterior ocelli; median anterior depression developed to upper scapal basin; TFC faint; frons continuous, without two flattened or concave, striate areas; scapal basin almost flat, laterally densely micro-punctate, medially with contiguous punctures forming transverse winkles (Fig. 6A); lower part of scapal basin medially impunctate and sulcate; apex of clypeus discoloured, W-shaped and bent under, medially the folded part measures 0.6 MOD. Malar space very short, distinctly less than 1 MOD. Antennae elongate, with flagellomeres as long as 1.5 × their width. Mouth parts elongate (as long as 0.8 × head length) and evidently protruding from oral fossa. Mesosoma. Pronotal groove barely visible; anterolateral corner of the pronotum projected to form an acute humeral angle (Fig. 5A); lateral pronotal area ventrally V-shaped carinate forming an acute tooth (Fig. 5D); propleuron ventrally carinate in a large V-shaped tooth (Fig. 5D). Mesosoma punctation dorsally with large, spaced punctures; interspaces medially polished, laterally micro-punctate; notauli incomplete, visible and deep only basally towards the transscutal fissure; parapsidal furrows fully visible; mesopleuron with a large subrectangular area subtended the mesepimeron + mesepisternum; posterior propodeal projections narrow, acute and downward directed. Wing venation unmodified, with long Rs bending slightly away from costal margin, leaving marginal cell broadly open. Metasoma. Punctation on T1 with tiny, sparse punctures (separated by 1–4 PD) (Fig. 6D), laterally micro-punctate on interspaces; T2 with larger and deeper punctures, anterodorsally denser (0.1–2 PD), laterally micro-punctate on interspaces; T3 with coarse to contiguous small punctures; T3 pit row barely sunken, with small, round pits, equally spaced; posterior pit row area almost polished, with a few, sparse, tiny punctures; T3 with two lateral angles and fully bordered by hyaline margin. Metasomal invaginated T5, T6, and S5 with several dorsal and lateral lobes. S2 black spots oval, transversally placed and separated 0.5 MOD each other. Colouration. Body coppery-bronze, darker to black on median area of mesoscutum; ventrally golden to copper; tegulae golden to non-metallic yellowish on outer margin; tarsi dark brown. Mandible brown, lighter medially. Scape and pedicel coppery, antennomeres yellowish-orange, darker on distal segments. Legs pale coloured, with slight metallic reflections, with non-metallic proximal and distal joints; tarsi yellowish. Forewings hyaline, slightly amber, with light brown veins. Vestiture. Whitish, short and sparse setae on head and mesosoma (up to 1.5 MOD long); face with short whitish setae (less than 1.0 MOD); metasoma with short (less than 1. MOD) whitish, sparse setae on T3 and ventrally on S2 and S3 and femora.

Figure 6.

Spinolia species, females, head in frontal view (A–C), and metasoma in dorsal view (D–F). A S. spinosa sp. nov. B S. chalcites C S. unicolor. D S. spinosa sp. nov. E S. chalcites F S. unicolor. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Male. Unknown.

Etymology

The specific epithet spinosa (feminine) is derived from the Latin adjective spinosus (thorny) for the long and acute teeth ventrally displayed on pronotum and propleuron and clearly visible in lateral view (Fig. 5D).

Distribution

Mongolia (Bayankhongor).

Spinolia unicolor (Dahlbom, 1831)

Chrysis unicolor Dahlbom, 1831: 32. Syntypes ♂♂; Sweden: Scania: Lomma and Käflinge [= Kävlinge] (ZMUL) (examined).

Spinolia unicolor: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 552 (cat., Mongolia, without locality).

Material examined

Mongolia: Govi-Altai, 1 ♂, 70 km E of Altay city, Guulin, 14.VII.2005, leg. JH (MHC).

Distribution

Mongolia (*Govi-Altai); Asiatic-European: from eastern Europe to Mongolia (Linsenmaier 1959, Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Genus Stilbum Spinola, 1806

Stilbum Spinola, 1806: 9. Type species: Chrysis calens Fabricius, 1781, by subsequent desigation of Latreille 1810: 437.

Stilbum calens (Fabricius, 1781)

Chrysis calens Fabricius, 1781: 455. Holotype ♀; Russia: Siberia (NHMUK).

Mongolia: Selenge, 1 ♂, 90 km N of Ulaanbaatar, Segnez River, 1450 m, 6–8.VII.2003, leg. JH (MHC).

Distribution

*Mongolia (Selenge); Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, China (Xinjiang, Ningxia) (Rosa et al. 2016).

Tribe Elampini

Notozus spinifemoris Móczár, 1967: 185. Holotype ♀; Mongolia: Uvurkhangai aimag: Arc Bogd ul, ca. 20 km S of von Somon Chovd, 1760 m, Exp. Dr. Z. Kaszab, 1964, 22.VI.1964 (HNHM) (examined). Rosa et al. 2017e: 113 (cat., typ., Mongolia: Arc Bogd ul, fig. 87).

Material examined

Mongolia: Uvurkhangai, 1 ♀, Uburchangaj aimag, Arc Bogd ul, cca 20 km S of von somon Chovd, 1760 m Exp. Dr. Z. Kaszab, 1964, Nr. 170, 22.VI.1964, Notozus sp. nov. ♀ det. Móczár 965, ♀ Omalus Pz. Notozus panzeri F. Linsenmaier det. 1964, Holotype ♀ Notozus spinifemoris L. Móczár 1966, Hym. Typ. No. 87 Mus. Budapest, id nr. 134892 HNHM Hym. coll. (HNHM).

Distribution

Mongolia (Uvurkhangai) (Móczár 1967).

Genus Hedychridium Latreille, 1802

Hedychridium Abeille de Perrin, 1878: 3. Type species: Hedychrum minutum Lepeletier, 1806 [= Hedychridium ardens (Coquebert, 1801)], by subsequent designation of Ashmead 1902: 227.

Hedychridium ardens (Coquebert, 1801)

Genus Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, 1879

Distribution

*Mongolia (Dornogovi); Russia (East Siberia) (Rosa et al. 2017c).

Philoctetes mongolicus (du Buysson, 1901)

Ellampus horvathi var. mongolicus du Buysson, 1901: 98. Lectotype ♂ (designated by Móczár 1967: 186); N Mongolia (NHMW) (examined). Rosa et al. 2020: 87 (cat., type series), 88 (fig. 55).

Ellampus horwathi (!) var. mongolicus: Bischoff 1913: 8 (cat., North Mongolia).

Omalus (Notozus) mongolicus: Linsenmaier 1959: 23 (descr. Mongolia).

Philoctetes punctatus var. corensis Uchida, 1927: 153. Holotype ♂; Korea: Seiryori (descr.) (NIAS).

Omalus joannisi du Buysson, 1908: Móczár 1967: 185. (cat., Mongolia: Central aimag: Zuun-Chara, 850 m, Exp. Dr. Z. Kaszab, 1964, nr. 281; 8.VII.1964) (mis.).

*Mongolia (Khovd); Central Asia, Russia (south of European part) (Rosa et al. 2019).

Parnopes popovii Eversmann, 1858

Parnopes popovii Eversmann, 1858: 567. Holotype ♀; Russia: Siberia “campis orientalibus” (ISEA-PAS) (examined). Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 586 (cat., Mongolia, without locality).

Material examined

Mongolia: Arkhangai, 1 ♂, 25 km NE of Tsetserleg, 47°38'N, 101°45'E, 23.VII.2004, leg. JH (MHC); 1 ♂, 90 km NE of Tsetserleg, 48°03'N, 102°25'E, 24.VII.2004, leg. JH (MHC); 1 ♀, ibid, 27.VII.2005, leg. JH (MHC); Bulgan, 1 ♂, 143 km NE of Arvaykheer, 47°24'N, 103°39'E, 26.VII.2004, 1300 m, sandy dunes, JS (PRC); 4 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂, Mongol Els Nat. Res., 47°24'N, 103°39'E, dunes, 1320 m, 31.VII.2005, leg. JH (PRC); Dornod, 2 ♂♂, 50 km SW of Choibalsan, 960 m, 25.VII.2007, leg. JH (MHC); Dornogovi, 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂, 28 km SE of Chatan-Bulag, 3.VIII.2007, leg. MH (MHC); Sukhbaatar, 4 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂, 200 km SSE of Baruun-Urt, Moltsoy Els, 1250 m, 27.VII.2007, leg. MH (MHC); 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, ibid, 27.VII.2007, leg. JH (MHC); 2 ♂♂, 100 km SSW of Baruun-Urt, 1100 m, 30.VII.2007, leg. MH (MHC); Tuv, 1 ♀, 75 km W of Ulaanbaatar, dunes, 2.VIII.2005, leg. JH (MHC); Umnugovi, 1 ♀, Gobi, Dalanzadgad, 25.VI.2003, leg. JH (MHC).

Distribution

Mongolia (*Arkhangai, *Bulgan, *Dornod, *Dornogovi, *Sukhbaatar, *Tuv, *Umnugovi); China (Heilongjiang, Shanghai, Shandong), Korea, Russia (Rosa et al. 2014).

Species to be excluded from Mongolian fauna

The following 19 taxa were described or listed for Mongolia by Radoszkowski (1887, 1891), Mocsáry (1890), Dalla Torre (1892), du Buysson (1893), Bischoff (1913), Linsenmaier (1959), and Kimsey and Bohart (1991), yet the type localities are situated in Inner Mongolia (China) or Central Asian countries. These species are expected in Mongolia due to the close vicinity of the collecting localities, with the only exception of Chrysis fouqueti (du Buysson, 1909), which belongs to the Oriental fauna.

Elampus mocsaryi Radoszkowski, 1887

Elampus mocsari (!) Radoszkowski, 1887: 45. Holotype ♀; Mongolia [= China]: Qinghai: Zaïdam (ISEA-PAS) (examined).

Ellampus (Notozus) mocsaryi: Mocsáry 1889: 80. Justified emendation of Elampus mocsari Radoszkowski, 1887. Dalla Torre 1892: 14 (cat., Mongolia [= China]).

Ellampus mocsaryi: Dalla Torre 1892: 14 (cat., Mongolia [= China]); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 168 (cat., Mongolia [= China]: Zaidam).

Notozus mocsaryi: Bischoff 1913: 6 (cat., Mongolia [= China]).

Omalus (Notozus) mocsaryi: Linsenmaier 1959: 16 (key), 24 (tax., descr., Mongolia [= China]).

Elampus spinipes (Mocsáry, 1890)

Ellampus (Notozus) spinipes Mocsáry, 1890: 49. Holotype ♀; Mongolia [= China, Inner Mongolia]: Mongolia meridionalis (Ta-Wan) (ISEA-PAS) (examined).

Ellampus spinipes: Dalla Torre 1892: 18 (cat., Mongolia [= Inner Mongolia]).

Elampus spinipes: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 171 (cat., Mongolia [= Inner Mongolia]: Ta-Wan).

Notozus spinipes: Bischoff 1913: 7 (cat., Mongolia [= Inner Mongolia]).

Omalus (Notozus) spinipes: Linsenmaier 1959: 16 (key), 24 (descr., Mongolia [= Inner Mongolia]).

Hedychridium ardens mongolicum Tsuneki, 1947

Hedychridium ardens f. mongolicum Tsuneki, 1947: 47. Holotype ♀; China: Inner Mongolia: Apaka (NIAS).

Hedychridium ardens f. mongolicum: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 188 (cat., Mongolia [= China, Inner Mongolia]: Apaka).

Hedychrum simile Mocsáry, 1889

Hedychrum cyaneum Mocsáry in Radoszkowski 1889: 10, nec Brullé, 1846. Lectotype ♀ (designated by French, in Bohart and French 1986: 341); China “Ta-schian-sy” (HNHM) (examined).

Hedychrum simile Mocsáry, 1889: 157. Replacement name for Hedychrum cyaneum Radoszkowski, 1889, nec Brullé, 1846.

Hedychrum simile f. mongolicus Tsuneki, 1947: 54. Syntypes ♀♀, ♂♂; China: Inner Mongolia: Apaka (NIAS).

Hedychrum simile: Linsenmaier 1959: 39 (descr., key, Mongolia [= China, Inner Mongolia]); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 220. Mongolia (cat., without locality, related to the record of H. simile mongolicus from Inner Mongolia by Tsuneki 1947).

Philoctetes hypocrita (du Buysson, 1893)

Ellampus hypocrita du Buysson, 1893: 246. Syntypes ♀♀; Mongolia [= China, Inner Mongolia], Kansu-Jelisyn-Kuse (ISEA-PAS); Persia (MNHN) (examined). Bischoff 1913: 8 (cat., Mongolia [= China, Inner Mongolia])

Omalus hypocritus: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 248. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Pseudomalus hypocrita: Rosa et al. 2015: 77.

Philoctetes hypocrita: Farhad et al. 2018: 199. Lectotype designation: ♂; China: Kansu Jelisyn Kuse (ISEA-PAS).

Pseudomalus tshingiz (Semenov, 1954)

Ellampus tshingiz Semenov in Semenov-Tian-Shanskji and Nikol’skaya, 1954: 93. Holotype ♂; China: Sandzhu [Xinjiang], Gushan Gobi (depository: ZIN) (examined). Rosa et al. 2017a: 80 (cat., type series), 221 (plate 223).

Pseudomalus tshingiz: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 270 (cat., Mongolia [= China]: Sachow Gobi [= Oasis Sachzhou, Gashunskoe Gobi [= Dunhuang, Gansu]).

Chrysis aegle Semenov, 1967

Chrysis (Gonodontochrysis) aegle Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967: 160. Holotype ♀; China: Alashan, Maladzhin (ZIN) (examined).

Chrysis aegle: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 379 (cat., Mongolia [= China, Inner Mongolia]: Alashan, Maladzhin).

Chrysis analis altaica Mocsáry, 1912

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) analis var. altaica Mocsáry, 1912: 586. Holotype ♀; Kazakhstan: Altai: Semipalatinsk (HNHM) (examined).

Chrysis altaica: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 381 (cat., Mongolia [= Kazakhstan]: Altai Mts).

Chrysis fouqueti (du Buysson, 1909)

Tetrachrysis fouqueti du Buysson, 1909: 210. Holotype ♀; Viet Nam: Tonkin (MNHN).

Chrysis fouqueti: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 412 (cat., Mongolia for the erroneous synonymy of Chrysis csikiana Mocsáry, 1912).

Chrysis csikiana Mocsáry, 1912

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) Csikiana Mocsáry, 1912: 406. Lectotype ♂ (designated by Bohart in Bohart and French 1986: 341); Kazakhstan: Semipalatinsk (HMNH) (examined).

Chrysis csikiana: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 412 (cat., Mongolia [= Kazakhstan]: Altai Mts).

Chrysis jelisyni Radoszkowski, 1891

Chrysis jelisyni Radoszkowski, 1891: 186. Syntypes ♀♀; Mongolia [= China]: Kansu, Jelissyn-Kuce (ISEA-PAS, MfN) (examined).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) jelisyni: Bischoff 1913: 54 (cat., Mongolia [= China]: Totau (locality not found)).

Chrysis jelisyni: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 34 (cat., Mongolia [= China]: Kansu).

Chrysis keriensis Radoszkowski, 1887

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) keriensis Radoszkowski, 1887: 47. Holotype ♂ [not ♀]; China: Xinjiang, Keria-Daria (ISEA-PAS) (examined).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) keriensis: Mocsáry 1889: 516 (tax., descr., Mongolia [= China]); Bischoff 1913: 54 (cat., Mongolia [= China]).

Chrysis keriensis: Dalla Torre 1892: 73 (cat., Mongolia [= China]); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 427 (cat., Mongolia [= China]: Keria Daria).

Chrysis kozlovi Semenov, 1967

Chrysis (Gonodontochrysis) kozlovi Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967: 160. Holotype ♂; China: Alashan, Uzosto canyon, 14.5.1908, leg. P. Kozlov (ZIN) (examined).

Chrysis kozlovi: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 429 (cat., Mongolia [= China, Inner Mongolia]: Alashan, Uzosto Canyon).

Chrysis mongoliana Bohart, 1991

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) mongolica Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967: 178, nec Mocsáry, 1914. Holotype ♀; Russia: Transbaikalia: Ingoda River (ZIN) (examined).

Chrysis mongoliana Bohart in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 440. Replacement name for Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) mongolica Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967, nec Mocsáry, 1914 (cat., Mongolia: Transbaikalia: Ingoda river).

Chrysis potanini Radoszkowski, 1891

Chrysis potanini Radoszkowski, 1891: 186. Holotype ♂; Mongolia [= China]: Tufyn (ISEA-PAS) (examined).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) potanini: Bischoff 1913: 57 (cat., Mongolia [= China]).

Chrysis potanini: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 450 (cat., Mongolia [= China]: Tufyn).

Chrysis przewalskii Radoszkowski, 1887

Chrysis Przewalskii Radoszkowski, 1887: 46. Holotype ♂; Mongolia [= China]: Zaïdam (ISEA-PAS) (examined).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) przewalskii: Mocsáry 1889: 504 (tax., descr., Mongolia [= China]); Bischoff 1913: 57 (cat., Mongolia [= China]).

Chrysis przewalskii: Dalla Torre 1892: 86 (cat., Mongolia [= China]); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 452 (cat., Mongolia [= China]: Zaidam, Keria Mts).

Chrysis spinidens Mocsáry, 1887

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) spinidens Mocsáry in Radoszkowski, 1887: 48. Holotype ♂; Mongolia [= China]: Zaïdam (ISEA-PAS) (examined). Mocsáry 1889: 516 (cat., descr., Mongolia [= China]); Bischoff 1913: 59 (cat., Mongolia [= China]).

Chrysis spinidens: Dalla Torre 1892: 97 (cat., Mongolia [= China]); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 464 (cat., Mongolia: Zaidam).

Chrysura alticola (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1912)

Chrysis petri alticola Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1912: 190. Lectotype ♀ (designated by Rosa et al. 2017a: 45); Kyrgyzstan: Peter the Great Range, Gardan-Kaftar Pass (ZIN) (examined).

Chrysura alticola: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 486 (cat., Mongolia [= Kyrgyzstan]).

Conclusions

Approximately 1500 chrysidid specimens were examined for the compilation of this first checklist of the Mongolian Chrysididae. Fifty-seven resulted newly recorded, but still a large number of specimens are laying unidentified in museum and private collections. Nineteen species were excluded from the fauna of Mongolia, because collecting localities are currently included in China territories; however, these species are expected for Mongolia. Based on the available data, distributional records for 90 Mongolian species are listed, representing 18 genera grouped in two subfamilies. In terms of species richness, Cleptinae are represented only by two species so far, and the subfamily Chrysidinae is the most speciose (88 species, 98%). Among Chrysidinae, Chrysidini is the most speciose tribe (47 species, 53.4%), followed by Elampini (39 species, 44.3%), and finally Parnopini (2 species, 2.2%).

Currently eight species (9% of known taxa) are provisionally considered endemic: Cleptes mongolicus Rosa, Halada & Agnoli, sp. nov., Chrysis mocsaryi Radoszkowski, 1889, Ch. priapus Rosa, 2018, Spinolia spinosa Rosa & Halada, sp. nov., Elampus spinifemoris (Móczár, 1967), Hedychrum lama du Buysson, 1891, Holopyga kaszabi Móczár, 1967, and Philoctetes shokalskii (Semenov, 1932).

From a chorological point of view, one species has a Holarctic distribution (Pseudochrysis neglecta), ten have Palaearctic distributions, one has a Holarctic and Oriental distribution (Omalus aeneus), one a Palaearctic and Oriental distribution (Hedychridium gerstaeckeri), 28 species have an Asiatic-European distribution, 21 have an East Palaearctic distribution, and 19 have a Central Asian distribution.

Another result of the present study is a better knowledge of the distributional limits of some species, and Mongolia represents the easternmost record for seven species: Chrysis aestiva, Ch. illigeri, Ch. jaxartis, Ch. leptomandibularis, Chrysura ignifrons, Elampus albipennis and Philoctetes bogdanovii.

The most widespread Mongolian species is the endemic Philoctetes shokalskii recorded in ten aimags. Chrysis consanguinea and Hedychridium ardens were recorded in nine aimags. This is not surprising because C. consanguinea resulted in being one of the most common species from Western to Eastern Siberia also (Rosa et al. 2017c, d), whereas H. ardens is one of the most common Euro-Siberian species ranging from Central Europe to China (Rosa et al. 2014). Pseudomalus pusillus was recorded in eight aimags, whereas H. cupreum, H. chalybaeum and Philoctetes mongolicus were recorded in seven7 aimags; they are Asiatic-European species, sometimes locally abundant. Hedychridium longigena and Parnopes popovii were recorded in seven aimags, yet they are East-Palaearctic species.

Although most of the Mongolian aimags are under-represented in the existing data due to inadequacy of surveys, based on the currently available data we can state that the highest number of recorded species was collected in Tuv (42 species), Arkhangai (27 species), and Selenge and Dornod (20 species) aimags (Table 2). The family Chrysididae has not yet been documented from Bayan-Ulgii, Darkhan-Uul, Dundgovi, Khuvsgul, Orkhon, and Uvs although it is probable that this cosmopolitan family is present in these aimags and it is only a matter of time before the fauna is sampled and recorded.

Table 2.

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Species diversity of aimags in terms of area size, number of specimens and number of collecting sites.

Aimags	Area, km²	No. of species	No. of coll. sites	No. of specimens
Arkhangai	55 314	27	4	237
Bayankhongor	115 978	18	10	142
Bulgan	48 733	18	4	61
Dornod	123 597	19	4	228
Dornogovi	109 472	16	4	42
Govi-Altai	141 448	8	5	49
Govi-Sümber	5 542	1	1	4
Khentii	80 325	12	1	55
Khovd	76 061	4	4	4
Selenge	41 153	20	1	100
Sukhbaatar	82 286	17	4	79
Tuv	74 042	42	10	350
Ulaanbaatar	4 704	10	4	20
Umnugovi	165 381	13	7	34
Uvurkhangai	62 895	12	5	42
Zavkhan	82 457	11	1	21

Overall, the Mongolian fauna is still too poorly known for a complete analysis of species richness and composition. The faunal richness of Mongolia is doubtless much higher than we currently know, in comparison with the chrysidid fauna of the adjacent countries and considering the geographic position of Mongolian aimags and their different biotopes. For example, at least another 75 species recorded for Siberia (Rosa et al. 2017d) are expected for Mongolia, as well as other five genera known from bordering and central Asian countries (Chrysidini: Chrysidea Bischoff, 1913, Spintharina Semenov, 1892; Elampini: Chrysellampus Semenov, 1932, Haba Semenov, 1954; Parnopini: Cephaloparnops Bischoff, 1910). Copious undescribed members of the genus Prochridium Linsenmaier, 1968 were collected in Mongolia. The descriptions of Mongolian Prochridium, and a revision of this genus, are in preparation. Only a single record of an undescribed Prochridium was previously known in literature for Central Asia (Turkmenistan) (Linsenmaier 1994).

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to curators who allowed the study of type materials for this study: Sergey Belokobylskij (Saint Petersburg, Russia), Marco Bernasconi (Luzern, Switzerland), Gian Luca Agnoli (Bologna, Italy), Zoltan Vas (Budapest, Hungary), Daniel Kubisz and Dawid Moroń (ISEA-PAS, Kraków, Poland). We thank Sergey Belokobylskij and Jing-xian Liu (Guangzhou, China) for review of the manuscript.

The reported study for Maxim Proshchalykin and Ulykpan Aibek was funded by RFBR and MECSS, project number 20-54-44014.

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