Research Article |
Corresponding author: Shuqiang Li ( lisq@ioz.ac.cn ) Corresponding author: Dongju Bian ( biandongju@163.com ) Academic editor: Ingi Agnarsson
© 2020 Yanfeng Tong, Shuqiang Li, Dongju Bian.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Tong Y, Li S, Bian D (2020) Taxonomic study of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from Myanmar (Araneae, Oonopidae). ZooKeys 993: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.57676
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Seven new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from the spider family Oonopidae Simon, 1890 are reported from Myanmar: I. hponkanrazi sp. nov. (♀), I. jianglangi sp. nov. (♀), I. meukyawwa sp. nov. (♂♀), I. putao sp. nov. (♀), I. qiuxing sp. nov. (♀), I. taunggyi sp. nov. (♂♀) and I. zhigangi sp. nov. (♂♀). Morphological descriptions and photographic illustrations of the new species are given. All types are preserved in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (
Goblin spider, morphology, new species, taxonomy
The genus Ischnothyreus was established by Simon in 1893, with Ischnaspis peltifer Simon, 1892 from Saint Vincent in the Caribbean as the type species (
The genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 can be recognized by the presence of leg spines, the usually small abdominal scutum, the strongly sclerotized male palps, the heavily sclerotized male endites, and the winding genital tube in females (
In this paper seven new Ischnothyreus species collected from Myanmar are described and illustrated. This work presents the first record and description of species Ischnothyreus from Myanmar.
The specimens were examined in 95% ethanol using a Leica M205C stereomicroscope. Details were studied with an Olympus BX51 compound microscope. Photos were taken with a Canon EOS 750D zoom digital camera (18 megapixels) mounted on an Olympus BX51 compound microscope. Vulvae were cleared in lactic acid. Scanning electron microscope images (SEM) were taken under high vacuum with a Hitachi TM3030 after critical point drying and gold-palladium coating. All measurements were taken using an Olympus BX51 compound microscope and are given in millimeters in the text. The specimens are preserved in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (
The following abbreviations are used in the text and figures: a = apodemes; ALE = anterior lateral eyes; ass = anchor-shaped structure; bsa = bell-shaped atrium; csa = circular atrium; csp = crown-shaped sclerotized process; hsm = hook-shaped membrane; llm = leaf like membrane; lpp = leaf-shaped prolateral projection; nlm = needle like membrane; nsa = nipple-shaped atrium; oa = opening of the atrium; PLE = posterior lateral eyes; PME = posterior median eyes; rl = retrolateral lobe; sem = serrated exterior margin; tsa = triangular shaped atrium; vpr = ventral protuberance; wt = winding tube.
Family Oonopidae Simon, 1890
Holotype
♀: Myanmar, Kachin State, Putao, Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, roadside between Camp 2 to Camp 1; 27°36'067"N, 96°59'367"E; elevation ca 1714 m; 17.XII.2016; Wu J. leg. (
The new species is similar to I. campanaceus Tong & Li, 2008 in the bell-shaped atrium, but can be distinguished by the short abdominal dorsal scutum (1/3 of the abdomen length (Fig.
Female (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig.
Male. Unknown.
The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.
Known only from the type locality.
Holotype
♀: Myanmar, Kachin State, Putao, Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, roadside between Camp 2 to Camp 1; 27°35'806"N, 96°59'532"E; elevation ca 1613 m; 10.V.2017; Wu J. & Chen Z. leg. (
The new species is similar to I. jojo Kranz-Baltensperger, 2011 in the triangular shaped atrium, but can be distinguished by shape of the dorsal abdominal scutum (width/length = 1/2 (Fig.
Female (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig.
Male. Unknown.
The species is named after Mr Jianglang Wu, one of the collectors of the holotype; noun in genitive case.
Known only from the type locality.
Holotype
♂: Myanmar, Kachin State, Putao, Meukyawwa Village; 27°20'883"N, 97°22'717"E; elevation ca 464 m; 25.XII.2016; Wu J. leg. (
The new species is similar to I. an Tong & Li, 2016 in the large abdominal dorsal and ventral scutum, but can be distinguished by the unmodified male cheliceral fang (Fig.
Male (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig.
Ischnothyreus meukyawwa sp. nov., male holotype, left palp, SEM A, B, G prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views C, D palpal bulb, prolateral and retrolateral views E, F, H distal part of palpal bulb, prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: hsm = hook-shaped membrane; lpp = leaf-shaped prolateral projection; rl = retrolateral lobe; vpr = ventral protuberance.
Female (paratype,
The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.
Known only from the type locality.
Holotype
♀: Myanmar, Kachin State, Putao, Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, roadside between Camp 1 to Camp 2; 27°36'567"N, 96°.58'850"E; elevation ca 2233 m; 15.XII.2016; Wu J. leg. (
The new species is similar to I. zhigangi sp. nov. in the very small abdominal dorsal scutum and the brown carapace, but can be distinguished by the large bell-shaped atrium (Fig.
Female (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig.
Male. Unknown.
The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.
Known only from the type locality.
Holotype ♀: Myanmar, Kachin State, Putao, Around Ziradum Village; 27°33'465"N, 97°06'580"E; elevation ca 1051 m; 8.V.2017; Wu J. & Chen Z. leg. (
The new species is similar to I. balu Kranz-Baltensperger, 2011 in the circular atrium, but can be distinguished by the size of atrium (nearly 1/5 the length of postgastric scutum (Fig.
Female (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig.
Male. Unknown.
The specific name is derived from Chinese pinyin, “qiuxing”, which means “circular”, referring to the circular atrium; noun in apposition.
Known only from the type locality.
Holotype
♂: Myanmar, Shan State, Taunggyi, East of Nyaung Shwe Township; 20°34'700"N, 96°57'450"E; elevation ca 1005 m; 30.XI.2016; Wu J. leg. (
The new species is similar to I. zhigangi sp. nov. in the male palp and the crown-shaped sclerotized process of male cheliceral fang, but can be distinguished by the long abdominal dorsal scutum (3/4 of the abdomen length (Fig.
Male (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig.
Ischnothyreus taunggyi sp. nov., male holotype, left palp, SEM A, B prolateral and retrolateral views C, D, G palpal bulb, prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views E, F, H distal part of palpal bulb, prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: nlm = needle like membrane; llm = leaf like membrane; lpp = leaf-shaped prolateral projection; rl = retrolateral lobe; vpr = ventral protuberance.
Female (paratype,
The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.
Known only from the type locality.
. Holotype ♂: Myanmar, Putao, Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary Around Camp 2; 27°36'681"N, 96°58'958"E; elevation ca 2457 m; 11.V.2017; Wu J. & Chen Z. leg. (
The new species is similar to I. taunggyi sp. nov. but can be distinguished by the short abdominal dorsal scutum (very small (Fig.
Male (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig.
Ischnothyreus zhigangi sp. nov., male holotype, left palp, SEM A, B prolateral and retrolateral views C, D, G palpal bulb, prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views E, F, H distal part of palpal bulb, prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: lpp = leaf-shaped prolateral projection; rl = retrolateral lobe; vpr = ventral protuberance.
Female (paratype,
The species is named after Mr Zhigang Chen, one of the collectors of the holotype; noun in genitive case.
Known only from the type locality.
Ischnothyreus spp., female copulatory organ A, B I. hponkanrazi sp. nov. C, D I. meukyawwa sp. nov. E, F I. qiuxing sp. nov. G, H I. taunggyi sp. nov. A, C, E, G ventral view B, D, F, H dorsal view. Abbreviations: a = apodemes; ass = anchor-shaped structure; bsa = bell-shaped atrium; csa = circular atrium; nsa = nipple-shaped atrium; oa = opening of the atrium; wt = winding tube. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
Ischnothyreus spp., female copulatory organ A, B I. jianglangi sp. nov. C, D I. putao sp. nov. E, F I. zhigangi sp. nov. A, C, E ventral view B, D, F dorsal view. Abbreviations: a = apodemes; ass = anchor-shaped structure; bsa = bell-shaped atrium; tsa = triangular shaped atrium; wt = winding tube. Scale barss: 0.1 mm
The manuscript benefited greatly from constructive comments by Ingi Agnarsson, Antonio Domingos Brescovit, Lily Berniker, and Nadine Dupérré. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31750002, 31972867) and the Program for Liaoning Innovation Talents in University to Yanfeng Tong, and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC-31530067), and the Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2015CASEABRI005, Y4ZK111B01) to Shuqiang Li.