Holotype ♀: Myanmar, Kachin State, Putao, Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, roadside between Camp 2 to Camp 1; 27°36'067"N, 96°59'367"E; elevation ca 1714 m; 17.XII.2016; Wu J. leg. (IZCAS AR-25158).

The new species is similar to I. campanaceus Tong & Li, 2008 in the bell-shaped atrium, but can be distinguished by the short abdominal dorsal scutum (1/3 of the abdomen length (Fig. 1A) vs 4/5 of the abdomen length (Tong and Li 2008: fig. 1B; Tong 2013: fig. 44B), and the greater sinuosity of the winding tube of endogyne (Fig. 1H) (vs short, simple winding tube; Tong and Li 2008: fig. 1F; Tong 2013: fig. 44F).

Figure 1. 

Ischnothyreus hponkanrazi sp. nov., female holotype A–C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D–G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views H epigastric region, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–F); 0.2 mm (G, H).

Female (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig. 1A–C; body length 2.40. Carapace: 1.08 long, 0.98 wide; pale brown, without any pattern, ovoid in dorsal view, slightly elevated in lateral view, surface finely reticulate, fovea absent, lateral margin straight, smooth (Fig. 1D, F). Clypeus: height about equal to ALE radius or more (Fig. 1G). Eyes: six, in one group, well developed, subequal, ALE circular, PME and PLE oval, posterior eye row procurved from both above and front (Fig. 1D, G). Sternum: as long as wide, pale orange, uniform, not fused to carapace, surface smooth, setae sparse (Fig. 1E). Mouthparts: chelicerae, endites and labium orange; chelicerae straight, base of fangs unmodified (Fig. 1G); labium rectangular, not fused to sternum, anterior margin not indented at middle; endites unmodified (Fig. 1E). Abdomen: 1.33 long, 0.74 wide; dorsal scutum well sclerotized, pale brown, covering 1/3 of the abdomen width and approximately 1/3 of the abdomen length, not fused to epigastric scutum; epigastric and postgastric scutum well sclerotized, pale orange, unfused (Fig. 1A, B). Legs: pale orange, femur I with two prolateral spines, tibia I with four pairs, metatarsus I with two pairs of long ventral spines. Leg II spination is similar to leg I except femur with only one prolateral spine. Legs III and IV spineless. Epigastric area: surface without external features (Fig. 1H). Endogyne: from the middle of the slightly thickened margin of the postgastric scutum runs a dark winding tube posteriorly, ending in a bell-shaped atrium (Fig. 16A, B).

Male. Unknown.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Known only from the type locality.

Holotype ♀: Myanmar, Kachin State, Putao, Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, roadside between Camp 2 to Camp 1; 27°35'806"N, 96°59'532"E; elevation ca 1613 m; 10.V.2017; Wu J. & Chen Z. leg. (IZCAS AR-25159).

The new species is similar to I. jojo Kranz-Baltensperger, 2011 in the triangular shaped atrium, but can be distinguished by shape of the dorsal abdominal scutum (width/length = 1/2 (Fig. 2A) vs approximately 1/3; Kranz-Baltensperger 2011: fig. 25A), and the unmodified exterior surface of postgastric scutum (Fig. 17A) (vs with curved, sclerotized extensions and U-shaped structure; Kranz-Baltensperger 2011: fig. 25E, F).

Figure 2. 

Ischnothyreus jianglangi sp. nov., female holotype A–C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D–G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views H epigastric region, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–F); 0.1 mm (G, H).

Female (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig. 2A–C; body length 2.35. Carapace: 1.02 long, 0.87 wide; brown, without any pattern, ovoid in dorsal view, slightly elevated in lateral view, surface finely reticulate, fovea absent, lateral margin straight, smooth (Fig. 2D, F). Clypeus: height about equal to ALE radius or less (Fig. 2G). Eyes: six, in one group, well developed, subequal, ALE circular, PME and PLE oval, posterior eye row procurved from both above and front (Fig. 2D, G). Sternum: as long as wide, pale brown, uniform, not fused to carapace, surface smooth, setae sparse (Fig. 2E). Mouthparts: chelicerae, endites and labium pale brown; chelicerae straight, base of fangs unmodified (Fig. 2G); labium rectangular, not fused to sternum, anterior margin not indented at middle; endites unmodified (Fig. 2E). Abdomen: 1.42 long, 1.01 wide; dorsal scutum covering less than 1/2 of the abdomen length and 1/3 of the abdomen width, not fused to epigastric scutum; epigastric and postgastric scutum well sclerotized, pale orange, unfused (Fig. 2A, B). Legs: pale orange, femur I with two prolateral spines, tibia I with four pairs, metatarsus I with two pairs of long ventral spines. Leg II spination is similar to leg I except femur with only one prolateral spine. Legs III and IV spineless. Epigastric area: surface without external features (Fig. 2H). Endogyne: from the middle of the slightly thickened margin of the postgastric scutum runs a dark, simple winding tube posteriorly, ending in a black, triangular shaped atrium (Fig. 17A, B).

Male. Unknown.

The species is named after Mr Jianglang Wu, one of the collectors of the holotype; noun in genitive case.

Known only from the type locality.

Holotype ♂: Myanmar, Kachin State, Putao, Meukyawwa Village; 27°20'883"N, 97°22'717"E; elevation ca 464 m; 25.XII.2016; Wu J. leg. (IZCAS AR-25160). Paratypes: 5♂ 9♀, same data as for holotype (IZCAS AR-25161–25174).

The new species is similar to I. an Tong & Li, 2016 in the large abdominal dorsal and ventral scutum, but can be distinguished by the unmodified male cheliceral fang (Fig. 3H, I) (vs with thorn-like protrusion; Tong et al. 2016: fig. 1G, H), the acute distal end of male palp (Fig. 14A) (vs blunt distal end of male palp; Tong et al. 2016: fig. 3A, D), and the small bell-shaped atrium (Fig. 16C) (vs a large equilateral triangular shaped atrium; Tong et al. 2016: fig. 2G, I).

Figure 3. 

Ischnothyreus meukyawwa sp. nov., male holotype A–C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D–G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views H, I left chelicerae, anterior and posterior views. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–F); 0.2 mm (G); 0.1 mm (H, I).

Male (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig. 3A–C; body length 1.57. Carapace: 0.89 long, 0.74 wide; pale brown, with egg-shaped patches behind eyes, ovoid in dorsal view, strongly elevated in lateral view, surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica smooth, sides finely reticulate, fovea absent, lateral margin straight, smooth (Fig. 3D, F). Clypeus: height about 2/3 of ALE diameter (Fig. 3G). Eyes: six, in one group, well developed, subequal, ALE circular, PME and PLE oval, posterior eye row recurved from above, procurved from front (Fig. 3D, G). Sternum: as long as wide, pale orange, uniform, not fused to carapace, surface smooth, setae sparse (Fig. 3E). Mouthparts: chelicerae, endites and labium orange; chelicerae straight, base of fangs with crown-shaped sclerotized process with serrated exterior margin, fang groove with a few small denticles (Figs 3H, I, 15A, B); labium rectangular, not fused to sternum, anterior margin not indented at middle; anteromedian tip of endites with one strong, tooth-like projection (Fig. 3E). Abdomen: 0.84 long, 0.43 wide; dorsal scutum well sclerotized, pale orange, covering whole abdomen width and approximately 5/6 of the abdomen length, not fused to epigastric scutum; epigastric and postgastric scutum well sclerotized, pale orange, fused, postgastric scutum covering about 5/6 of the abdomen length (Fig. 3A–C). Legs: pale orange, femur I with three prolateral and two small retrolateral spines, tibia I with four pairs, metatarsus I with two pairs of long ventral spines. Leg II spination is similar to leg I except femur with only two prolateral and one retrolateral spine. Legs III and IV spineless. Palp: strongly sclerotized, trochanter with ventral projection, cymbium brown, fused with bulb; bulb brown, with one large and one very small ventral protuberance, distal end of bulb elongated, with one broad leaf-shaped prolateral projection and distal hook-shaped membrane, retrolateral lobe narrow (Figs 4, 14A–C).

Figure 4. 

Ischnothyreus meukyawwa sp. nov., male holotype, left palp, SEM A, B, G prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views C, D palpal bulb, prolateral and retrolateral views E, F, H distal part of palpal bulb, prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: hsm = hook-shaped membrane; lpp = leaf-shaped prolateral projection; rl = retrolateral lobe; vpr = ventral protuberance.

Female (paratype, IZCAS AR-25160). Same as male except as noted. Body: habitus as in Fig. 5A–C; body length 1.93. Carapace: 0.89 long, 0.76 wide; without any pattern. Mouthparts: chelicerae and endites unmodified. Abdomen: 0.83 long, 0.75 wide; dorsal scutum covering 3/5 of the abdomen length, about 1/2 of the abdomen width. Epigastric area: the postgastric scutum with central anchor-shaped structure (Fig. 5E). Endogyne: from the middle of the slightly thickened margin of the postgastric scutum runs a dark, simple winding tube posteriorly, ending in a small bell-shaped atrium (Fig. 16C, D).

Figure 5. 

Ischnothyreus meukyawwa sp. nov., female paratype A–C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D prosoma, anterior view E epigastric region, ventral view. Abbreviation: ass = anchor-shaped structure. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–C); 0.2 mm (D, E).

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Known only from the type locality.

Holotype ♀: Myanmar, Kachin State, Putao, Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, roadside between Camp 1 to Camp 2; 27°36'567"N, 96°.58'850"E; elevation ca 2233 m; 15.XII.2016; Wu J. leg. (IZCAS AR-25175).

The new species is similar to I. zhigangi sp. nov. in the very small abdominal dorsal scutum and the brown carapace, but can be distinguished by the large bell-shaped atrium (Fig. 17C) (vs small, bell-shaped atrium; Fig. 17E), and the smoothly curved posterior margin of postgastric scutum (Fig. 6H) (vs straight posterior margin; Fig. 13H).

Figure 6. 

Ischnothyreus putao sp. nov., female holotype A–C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D–G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views H epigastric region, ventral view. Abbreviation: ass = anchor-shaped structure. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–F); 0.2 mm (G); 0.1 mm (H).

Female (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig. 6A–C; body length 1.94. Carapace: 0.97 long, 0.88 wide; dark brown, without any pattern, ovoid in dorsal view, strongly elevated in lateral view, surface finely reticulate, fovea absent, lateral margin straight, smooth (Fig. 6D, F). Clypeus: height about equal to ALE radius or more (Fig. 6G). Eyes: six, in one group, well developed, subequal, ALE circular, PME and PLE oval, posterior eye row procurved from both above and front (Fig. 6D, G). Sternum: as long as wide, pale brown, uniform, not fused to carapace, surface smooth, setae sparse (Fig. 6E). Mouthparts: chelicerae, endites and labium brown; chelicerae straight, base of fangs unmodified (Fig. 6G); labium rectangular, not fused to sternum, anterior margin not indented at middle; endites unmodified (Fig. 6E). Abdomen: 1.30 long, 0.89 wide; dorsal scutum weakly sclerotized, very small, not fused to epigastric scutum; epigastric and postgastric scutum well sclerotized, pale orange, unfused (Fig. 6A, B). Legs: pale orange, femur I with three prolateral spines, tibia I with four pairs, metatarsus I with two pairs of long ventral spines. Leg II spination is similar to leg I except femur with only two prolateral spine. Legs III and IV spineless. Epigastric area: the postgastric scutum with central, anchor-shaped structure, and smoothly curved posterior margin (Fig. 6H). Endogyne: from the middle of the slightly thickened margin of the postgastric scutum runs a dark, simple winding tube posteriorly, ending in a large, inverted bell-shaped atrium (Fig. 17C, D).

Male. Unknown.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Known only from the type locality.

Holotype ♀: Myanmar, Kachin State, Putao, Around Ziradum Village; 27°33'465"N, 97°06'580"E; elevation ca 1051 m; 8.V.2017; Wu J. & Chen Z. leg. (IZCAS AR-25176).

The new species is similar to I. balu Kranz-Baltensperger, 2011 in the circular atrium, but can be distinguished by the size of atrium (nearly 1/5 the length of postgastric scutum (Fig. 16E) vs more than 1/3 the length of postgastric scutum; Kranz-Baltensperger 2011: fig. 2F, H) and the greater sinuosity of the winding tube (Fig. 16F) (vs short, simple winding tube; Kranz-Baltensperger 2011: fig. 2G).

Female (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig. 7A–C; body length 2.01. Carapace: 0.87 long, 0.72 wide; yellow, without any pattern, ovoid in dorsal view, strongly elevated in lateral view, surface finely reticulate, fovea absent, lateral margin straight, smooth (Fig. 7D, F). Clypeus: height about equal to ALE radius or less (Fig. 7G). Eyes: six, in one group, well developed, subequal, ALE circular, PME and PLE oval, posterior eye row recurved from above, procurved from front (Fig. 7D, G). Sternum: as long as wide, yellow, uniform, not fused to carapace, surface smooth, setae sparse (Fig. 7E). Mouthparts: chelicerae, endites and labium orange; chelicerae straight, base of fangs unmodified (Fig. 7G); labium rectangular, not fused to sternum, anterior margin not indented at middle; endites unmodified (Fig. 7E). Abdomen: 1.35 long, 0.92 wide; dorsal scutum weakly sclerotized, very small, not fused to epigastric scutum; epigastric and postgastric scutum well sclerotized, pale orange, unfused (Fig. 7A, B). Legs: pale orange, femur I with two prolateral spines, tibia I with four pairs, metatarsus I with two pairs of long ventral spines. Leg II spination is similar to leg I except femur with only one prolateral spine. Legs III and IV spineless. Epigastric area: surface without external features (Fig. 7H). Endogyne: from the middle of the slightly thickened margin of the postgastric scutum runs a dark, very simple winding tube posteriorly, ending in a circular atrium (Fig. 16E, F).

Figure 7. 

Ischnothyreus qiuxing sp. nov., female holotype A–C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D–G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views H epigastric region, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–C); 0.2 mm (D–H).

Male. Unknown.

The specific name is derived from Chinese pinyin, “qiuxing”, which means “circular”, referring to the circular atrium; noun in apposition.

Known only from the type locality.

Holotype ♂: Myanmar, Shan State, Taunggyi, East of Nyaung Shwe Township; 20°34'700"N, 96°57'450"E; elevation ca 1005 m; 30.XI.2016; Wu J. leg. (IZCAS AR-25177). Paratypes 2♀: same data as for holotype (IZCAS AR-25178–25179).

The new species is similar to I. zhigangi sp. nov. in the male palp and the crown-shaped sclerotized process of male cheliceral fang, but can be distinguished by the long abdominal dorsal scutum (3/4 of the abdomen length (Fig. 8A) vs very small; Fig. 11A) and ventral scutum (4/5 of the abdomen length (Fig. 8B) vs very small; Fig. 11B) of male, and the long abdominal dorsal scutum (less than 1/2 of the abdomen length (Fig. 10A) vs very small; Fig. 13A) and the nipple-shaped atrium (Fig. 16G) (vs inverted bell-shaped atrium; Fig. 17E) of female.

Figure 8. 

Ischnothyreus taunggyi sp. nov., male holotype A–C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D–F prosoma, dorsal, ventral and lateral views G, H left chelicerae, anterior and posterior views. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–C); 0.2 mm (D–F); 0.1 mm (G, H).

Male (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig. 8A–C; body length 1.71. Carapace: 0.84 long, 0.63 wide; pale brown, with egg-shaped patches behind eyes, ovoid in dorsal view, strongly elevated in lateral view, surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica smooth, sides finely reticulate, fovea absent, lateral margin straight, smooth (Fig. 8D). Clypeus: height about equal to ALE radius or more. Eyes: six, in one group, well developed, ALE largest, ALE circular, PME and PLE oval, posterior eye row recurved from above, procurved from front (Fig. 8D). Sternum: as long as wide, pale orange, uniform, not fused to carapace, surface smooth, setae sparse (Fig. 8E). Mouthparts: chelicerae, endites and labium orange; chelicerae straight, with crown-shaped sclerotized process at base of fangs, fang groove with a few small and one larger denticles (Fig. 15C, D); labium rectangular, not fused to sternum, anterior margin not indented at middle; anteromedian tip of endites with one strong, tooth-like projection (Fig. 8E). Abdomen: 0.74 long, 0.49 wide; dorsal scutum well sclerotized, pale orange, covering 2/3 the abdomen width and approximately 3/4 of the abdomen length, unfused to epigastric scutum; epigastric and postgastric scutum well sclerotized, pale orange, fused, postgastric scutum covering about 4/5 of the abdomen length (Fig. 8A, B). Legs: pale orange, femur I with three prolateral and one small retrolateral spines, tibia I with four pairs, metatarsus I with two pairs of long ventral spines. Leg II spination is similar to leg I except femur with only two prolateral spines. Legs III and IV spineless. Palp: strongly sclerotized, trochanter with ventral projection, cymbium brown, fused with bulb; bulb brown, with two large ventral protuberances, distal end of bulb elongated, with one leaf-shaped prolateral projection and distal needle like membrane, retrolateral lobe broad, ear-shaped (Figs 9, 14D–F).

Figure 9. 

Ischnothyreus taunggyi sp. nov., male holotype, left palp, SEM A, B prolateral and retrolateral views C, D, G palpal bulb, prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views E, F, H distal part of palpal bulb, prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: nlm = needle like membrane; llm = leaf like membrane; lpp = leaf-shaped prolateral projection; rl = retrolateral lobe; vpr = ventral protuberance.

Female (paratype, IZCAS AR-25178). Same as male except as noted. Body: habitus as in Fig. 10A–C; body length 1.98. Carapace: 0.83 long, 0.71 wide; without any pattern (Fig. 10D). Mouthparts: chelicerae and endites unmodified (Fig. 10E, G). Abdomen: 1.27 long, 0.83 wide; dorsal scutum covering less than 1/2 of the abdomen length, about 1/3 of the abdomen width (Fig. 10A). Epigastric area: the postgastric scutum with central anchor-shaped structure (Fig. 10H). Endogyne: from the middle of the slightly thickened margin of the postgastric scutum runs a dark, very complex winding tube posteriorly, ending in a small, bell-shaped atrium (Fig. 16G, H).

Figure 10. 

Ischnothyreus taunggyi sp. nov., female paratype A–C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D–F, G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views H epigastric region, ventral view. Abbreviation: ass = anchor-shaped structure. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–F); 0.2 mm (G, H).

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Known only from the type locality.

. Holotype ♂: Myanmar, Putao, Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary Around Camp 2; 27°36'681"N, 96°58'958"E; elevation ca 2457 m; 11.V.2017; Wu J. & Chen Z. leg. (IZCAS AR-25178). Paratypes 4♀: data same as for holotype; 27°31'103"N, 96°57'694"E; elevation ca 2737 m; 16.V.2017; Wu J. & Chen Z. leg. (IZCAS AR-25179–25182).

The new species is similar to I. taunggyi sp. nov. but can be distinguished by the short abdominal dorsal scutum (very small (Fig. 11A) vs 3/4 of the abdomen length; Fig. 8A) and ventral scutum (very small (Fig. 11B) vs 4/5 of the abdomen length; Fig. 8B) of male, and the short abdominal dorsal scutum (very small (Fig. 13A) vs less than 1/2 of the abdomen length; Fig. 10A) and the inverted bell-shaped atrium (Fig. 17E) (vs nipple-shaped atrium (Fig. 16G) of female).

Figure 11. 

Ischnothyreus zhigangi sp. nov., male holotype A–C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D–F prosoma, dorsal, ventral and lateral views G, H left chelicerae, anterior and posterior views. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–F); 0.1 mm (G, H).

Male (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig. 11A–C; body length 2.08. Carapace: 1.03 long, 0.87 wide; pale brown, with egg-shaped patches behind eyes, ovoid in dorsal view, strongly elevated in lateral view, surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica smooth, sides finely reticulate, fovea absent, lateral margin straight, smooth (Fig. 11D). Clypeus: height about equal to ALE radius or more. Eyes: six, in one group, well developed, subequal, ALE circular, PME and PLE oval, posterior eye row straight from above, procurved from front (Fig. 11D). Sternum: as long as wide, pale brown, uniform, not fused to carapace, surface smooth, setae sparse (Fig. 11E). Mouthparts: chelicerae, endites and labium orange; chelicerae straight, base of fangs with crown-shaped sclerotized process with serrated exterior margin (Figs 11G, H, 15E, F), fang groove with a few small denticles; labium rectangular, not fused to sternum, anterior margin not indented at middle; anteromedian tip of endites with one strong, tooth-like projection (Fig. 11E). Abdomen: 1.07 long, 0.72 wide; dorsal scutum weakly sclerotized, pale orange, very small, not fused to epigastric scutum; epigastric and postgastric scutum weakly sclerotized, pale orange, fused, postgastric scutum very small (Fig. 11A, B). Legs: pale orange, femur I with three prolateral spines, tibia I with four pairs, metatarsus I with two pairs of long ventral spines. Leg II spination is similar to leg I except femur with only two prolateral spines. Legs III and IV spineless. Palp: strongly sclerotized, trochanter with ventral projection, cymbium brown, fused with bulb; bulb brown, with one large ventral protuberance, distal end of bulb elongated, with one narrow leaf-shaped prolateral projection, retrolateral lobe small, simple (Figs 12, 14G–H).

Figure 12. 

Ischnothyreus zhigangi sp. nov., male holotype, left palp, SEM A, B prolateral and retrolateral views C, D, G palpal bulb, prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views E, F, H distal part of palpal bulb, prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: lpp = leaf-shaped prolateral projection; rl = retrolateral lobe; vpr = ventral protuberance.

Female (paratype, IZCAS AR-25179). Same as male except as noted. Body: habitus as in Fig. 13A–C; body length 2.63. Carapace: 1.10 long, 0.95 wide; without any pattern, posterior eye row procurved from both above and front (Fig. 13D, G). Mouthparts: chelicerae and endites unmodified (Fig. 13E, G). Abdomen: 1.82 long, 1.19 wide. Epigastric area: the postgastric scutum with central anchor-shaped structure (Fig. 13H). Endogyne: from the middle of the slightly thickened margin of the postgastric scutum runs a dark, simple winding tube posteriorly, ending in a small, inverted bell-shaped atrium (Fig. 17E, F).

Figure 13. 

Ischnothyreus zhigangi sp. nov., female paratype A–C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D–G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views H epigastric region, ventral view. Abbreviation: ass = anchor-shaped structure. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–G); 0.1 mm (H).

The species is named after Mr Zhigang Chen, one of the collectors of the holotype; noun in genitive case.

Known only from the type locality.

Figure 14. 

Ischnothyreus spp., left male palp A–C I. meukyawwa sp. nov. D–F I. taunggyi sp. nov. G–I I. zhigangi sp. nov. A, D, G prolateral view B, E, H dorsal view C, F, I retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 15. 

Ischnothyreus spp., left male chelicerae. A, B I. meukyawwa sp. nov. C, D I. taunggyi sp. nov. E, F I. zhigangi sp. nov. A, C, E anterior view B, D, F posterior view. Abbreviations: csp = crown-shaped sclerotized process; sem = serrated exterior margin.

Figure 16. 

Ischnothyreus spp., female copulatory organ A, B I. hponkanrazi sp. nov. C, D I. meukyawwa sp. nov. E, F I. qiuxing sp. nov. G, H I. taunggyi sp. nov. A, C, E, G ventral view B, D, F, H dorsal view. Abbreviations: a = apodemes; ass = anchor-shaped structure; bsa = bell-shaped atrium; csa = circular atrium; nsa = nipple-shaped atrium; oa = opening of the atrium; wt = winding tube. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Figure 17. 

Ischnothyreus spp., female copulatory organ A, B I. jianglangi sp. nov. C, D I. putao sp. nov. E, F I. zhigangi sp. nov. A, C, E ventral view B, D, F dorsal view. Abbreviations: a = apodemes; ass = anchor-shaped structure; bsa = bell-shaped atrium; tsa = triangular shaped atrium; wt = winding tube. Scale barss: 0.1 mm