Research Article |
Corresponding author: Zhiqi Liu ( zhaoyarunitu@163.com ) Academic editor: Shaun Winterton
© 2021 Yaru Zhao, Davide Badano, Zhiqi Liu.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Zhao Y, Badano D, Liu Z (2021) Two new species of Coniopteryx Curtis from China (Neuroptera, Coniopterygidae). ZooKeys 1015: 129-144. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1015.57451
|
Two new species of Coniopterygidae, Coniopteryx (Coniopteryx) tenuisetosa sp. nov., and Coniopteryx (Coniopteryx) serrata sp. nov., are described from China. Both species differ from congeners in characters of the male genitalia. Coniopteryx (Coniopteryx) alticola Sziráki, 2002, is recorded from China for the first time. A key to species of the genus Coniopteryx from China is presented.
Dustywings, faunistics, identification key, lacewings, morphology, taxonomy
Coniopterygidae, or dustywings – after the wax covering their bodies – are one of the most diverse lineages of Neuroptera, including 571 known species (
Examined specimens are deposited in the Entomological Museum of China Agricultural University, Beijing (
Genus Coniopteryx Curtis, 1834
Subgenus Coniopteryx (s. str.) Curtis, 1834"
Type species. Coniopteryx tineiformis Curtis, 1834.
Diagnosis.
Male genitalia: gonocoxites 9 and sternite 9 as distinct sclerites; gonocoxites 9 divided into a pair of lateral sclerites; sternite 9 about as broad as high in lateral view, with a prominent lateral process, forming a dorso-caudal angle, median apical incision present; gonapophyses 10 generally sclerotized (
Note: Coniopteryx (Coniopteryx) abdominalis Okamoto, 1905 is not included in the key as the specimen is unavailable for study.
1 | Apical part (stylus) arising well before the caudal end of basal part (gonarcus) in gonocoxites 9 (Fig. |
2 |
– | Apical part (stylus) arising from the caudal end of basal part (gonarcus) in gonocoxites 9 (Figs |
5 |
2 | Anterior margin arched on sternite 9 laterally (Fig. |
C. (X.) mongolica |
– | Anterior margin straight on sternite 9 laterally (Fig. |
3 |
3 | Apodeme along anterior margin ventrally incomplete (Fig. |
C. (X.) qiongana |
– | Apodeme along anterior margin ventrally complete (Fig. |
4 |
4 | Apical part (stylus) of gonocoxites 9 slender laterally (Fig. |
C. (X.) minana |
– | Apical part (stylus) of gonocoxites 9 widening in middle part laterally (Fig. |
C. (X.) unguigonarcuata |
5 | Male head with prominent frontal lobe (Fig. |
6 |
– | Male head without prominent frontal lobe (Figs |
8 |
6 | Distal part of gonocoxites 10 hammer-like laterally (Fig. |
C. (C.) dactylifrons |
– | Distal part of gonocoxites 10 not hammer-like laterally (Figs |
9 |
7 | Gonocoxites 10 subtriangular apically laterally (Fig. |
C. (C.) protrufrons |
– | Gonocoxites 10 not subtriangular apically laterally (Fig. |
C. (C.) alticola |
8 | Male antennae with peculiar outgrowths (Fig. |
9 |
– | Male antennae without peculiar outgrowths (Figs |
12 |
9 | The first two flagellar segments with acute projections (Fig. |
C. (C.) bispinalis |
– | The first two flagellar segments without acute projections (Fig. |
10 |
10 | The last flagellar segments with a curved claw-like hair (Fig. |
C. (C.) prehensilis |
– | The last flagellar segments without claw-like hairs (Fig. |
11 |
11 | Antennae with one long bristle on middle segments (Fig. |
C. (C.) unispinalis |
– | Antennae with two acute projections on middle segments (Fig. |
C. (C.) gibberosa |
12 | Distal part of gonocoxites 10 pick-like (Fig. |
13 |
– | Distal part of gonocoxites 10 not pick- and hammer-like in shape (Figs |
16 |
13 | Bottom of median incision rounded in a U-shape (Fig. |
C. (C.) wuyishana |
– | Bottom of median incision narrowing in a V-shape (Fig. |
14 |
14 | Processus apicalis of gonocoxites 10 pick-like (Fig. |
C. (C.) serrata sp. nov. |
– | Processus apicalis of gonocoxites 10 hammer-like (Fig. |
15 |
15 | Median incision deep in ventral view (Fig. |
C. (C.) alifera |
– | Median incision shallow in ventral view (Fig. |
C. (C.) pygmaea |
16 | Anterior margin arched on sternite 9 laterally (Fig. |
C. (C.) praecisa |
– | Anterior margin straight on sternite 9 laterally (Fig. |
17 |
17 | Distal part of gonocoxites 10 sickle-like in shape (Fig. |
C. (C.) crispicornis |
– | Distal part of gonocoxites 10 not sickle-like in shape (Figs |
18 |
18 | Basal flagellar segments more than three times as long as wide (Fig. |
C. (C.) miraparameris |
– | Basal flagellar segments at most two times as long as wide (Fig. |
19 |
19 | Distal part of gonocoxites 10 widening abruptly ( |
C. (C.) pallescens |
– | Distal part of gonocoxites 10 not widening abruptly (Figs |
20 |
20 | Caudal edge of gonocoxites 10 serrate apically (Fig. |
C. (C.) tenuisetosa sp. nov. |
– | Caudal edge of gonocoxites 10 not serrate apically (Fig. |
21 |
21 | Distal part of gonocoxites 10 directed downwards perpendicularly (Fig. |
C. (C.) aspoecki |
– | Distal part of gonocoxites 10 not directed downwards perpendicularly (Fig. |
22 |
22 | Middle part of gonocoxites 10 curved downward in a blunt angle (Fig. |
23 |
– | Middle part of gonocoxites 10 not curved downward (Fig. |
24 |
23 | Median incision U-shaped ( |
C. (C.) sularis |
– | Median incision V-shaped (Fig. |
C. (C.) choui |
24 | Sternite 9 with strong longitudinal apodeme (Fig. |
C. (C.) plagiotropa |
– | Sternite 9 without longitudinal apodeme (Fig. |
25 |
25 | Median incision almost equal to the half of width of sternite 9 (Fig. |
26 |
– | Median incision smaller than the half of width of sternite 9 (Fig. |
27 |
26 | Median incision very deep and narrow (Fig. |
C. (C.) compressa |
– | Median incision very shallow and wide ( |
C. (C.) ambigua |
27 | Median incision without a transverse inner plate in caudal view (Fig. |
C. (C.) exigua |
– | Median incision with a transverse inner plate in caudal view (Fig. |
C. (C.) guangxiana |
1 male, China: Yunnan (Province): Puer (City): Meizihu Park, [22.7551°N, 100.9845°E], 20.iii.2019, leg. Yaru Zhao. 3 males, China: Yunnan (Province): Yuanjiang (County): Jiangdong Park, [23.6001°N, 102.0098°E], 18.iii.2019, leg. Yaru Zhao (
Forewing length 1.7 mm, width 0.9 mm. Hindwing length 1.4 mm, width 0.6 mm.
Male: Head (Fig.
Thorax. Light brown. Meso- and metanotum with dorsal dark spots. Legs yellowish brown.
Wing. Wing membrane light greyish brown, almost hyaline.
Male terminalia
(Fig.
Coniopteryx (Coniopteryx) alticola Sziráki, 2002 belongs to the C. lobifrons species group (
China, Yunnan, first record; Thailand.
Holotype
1 male, China: Tibet (Province): Linzhi (City), [29.6019°N, 94.4168°E], 8.vi.2019, leg. Yaru Zhao (
2 males, China: Yunnan (Province): Lincang (City): Fengqing (County), [24.5934°N, 99.9001°E], 23.iv.1981, leg. Chikun Yang (
Male genitalia: median apical incision shallow, U-shaped, less than half of sternite 9 length; terminal process blunt in lateral view; distal part of gonocoxites 10 short and stout, with tiny hairs.
Forewing length 2.0–2.8 mm, width 1.0–1.3 mm. Hindwing length 1.5–1.7 mm, width 0.5–0.7 mm.
Male: Head (Fig.
Wing. Wing membrane light greyish brown, almost hyaline.
China (Tibet, Yunnan).
The species name tenuisetosa “thin-haired” is a composed adjective of Latin derivation, referring to the thin setae on the distal portion of gonocoxites 10.
The new species is similar to Coniopteryx (Coniopteryx) aspoecki Kis, 1967, but the two species differ in configuration of the male genitalia. In particular, Coniopteryx (Coniopteryx) tenuisetosa is characterized by a short, not prominent terminal process of sternite 9 in lateral view, while it is prominent and arched in C. aspoecki. Moreover, in the new species, the distal portion of gonocoxites 10 is relatively robust and serrated, while in C. aspoecki it is thin, apically tapered and smooth.
Holotype
1 male, China: Yunnan (Province): Puer (City): Meizihu Park, [22.7551°N, 100.9845°E], 20.iii.2019, leg. Yaru Zhao. Paratype 1 male, same data as holotype (
1 male, China: Yunnan (Province): Ruili (County): Mengxiu (Township), [25.0667°N, 98.4167°E], 2.v.1981, leg. Chikun Yang (
Male genitalia: median apical incision V-shaped. Its depth is more than the half of the length of sternum 9. Terminal process long and acute in lateral view. Distal part of gonocoxites 10 bent upwards perpendicularly.
Forewing length 2.2–2.4 mm, width 0.8–1.1 mm. Hindwing length 1.5–1.8 mm, width 0.7–0.8 mm.
Male: Head (Fig.
Thorax. Brown. Meso- and metanotum with dorsal dark spots. Legs yellowish brown except the brown coxae.
Wing. Wing membrane light greyish brown, almost hyaline.
China (Yunnan).
The species name is a Latin adjective referring to the minute serrations on the distal portion of gonocoxite 9.
The genitalia of the new species suggest a close relationship with Coniopteryx (Coniopteryx) wuyishana Yang & Liu, 1999. However, the two species differ in the shape of the sternite 9. The new species is characterized by having a V-shaped median apical incision while it is U-shaped in C. (C.) wuyishana. Moreover, in Coniopteryx (Coniopteryx) serrata the anterior margin of sternite 9 stretches forwards laterally and the apodeme along the anterior margin is very thin and interrupted ventrally. In contrast, C. (C.) wuyishana is characterized by a straight anterior margin of sternite 9, and a ventrally complete anterior apodeme of sternite 9.
We thank Dr Shaun L. Winterton for the critical review of the manuscript. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31772499) and SAPIExcellence BE-FOR-ERC fellowship (Sapienza University of Rome), Project “Tempo and Mode of Lacewing Evolution”.