Research Article |
Corresponding author: Khuat Dang Long ( khuatdanglong@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Kees van Achterberg
© 2020 Nguyen Thi Oanh, Khuat Dang Long, Pham Quynh Mai, Nguyen Van Dzuong.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Oanh NT, Long KD, Mai PQ, Dzuong NV (2020) First record of the genus Trispinaria Quicke, 1986 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Braconinae) in Vietnam, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 996: 107-119. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.996.56562
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Two new species of the genus Trispinaria Quicke, 1986, from Vietnam, viz. T. seminigra Long, sp. nov. and T. vietnamica Long, sp. nov., are described and fully illustrated. Additionally, this is the first record of the genus Trispinaria in Vietnam. A checklist with distributions of previously described species of the genus Trispinaria is given. Comparative characters of the Vietnamese species are provided and modified key couplets are provided to facilitate their identification.
Australasian region, Ichneumonoidea, new record, Oriental region, parasitoid, taxonomy, wasp
Trispinaria was described by
The biology of Trispinaria is unknown but based on the united and heavily sclerotised basal metasomal tergites,
The specimens studied, including holotypes and some paratypes, are housed in the Institute of Ecology & Biological Resources (IEBR) at Ha Noi; other paratypes have been donated to and are deposited in the American Museum of Natural History (
For terminology used in this paper, see
We used an Olympus SZ61 binocular microscope together with fluorescent lamps for sorting, identification and descriptions. The key to species and the descriptions of species are based on females. Measurements are taken under an Olympus SZ40 binocular microscope. The scale-lines of the plates (habitus and fore wing) represent 1.0 mm. The photographs were made with a Sony 5000 digital camera attached to a Nikon SMZ 800N binocular microscope connected to a PC at IEBR and processed with Adobe Photoshop CS5 to adjust the size and background. A distribution map of two new species of Trispinaria was made using Paraview (https://paraview.org).
Abbreviations used in this paper are as follows:
POL minimum postocellar line;
OOL minimum ocular-ocellar line;
OD maximum diameter of posterior ocellus;
‘Bracn. + number’ code number indexing for Braconinae specimens in the collection at IEBR and
MT Malaise trap;
N north;
NC north central;
NE northeastern;
NP National Park;
NW northwestern;
S south.
Institutional abbreviations are as follows:
IEBR Institute of Ecology & Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam;
STCT Department of Insect Ecology at IEBR;
In Vietnam, the distribution of the species is given in order of areas and provinces from north to south, and outside Vietnam, distribution of species follows an alphabetical order.
Class Hexapoda Blainville, 1816
Order Hymenoptera Linnaeus, 1758
Superfamily Ichneumonoidea Latreille, 1802
Family Braconidae Nees, 1811
Subfamily Braconinae Nees, 1811
Tribe Braconini Nees, 1811
Trispinaria Quicke, 1986a: 10 & 1987: 134.
Trispinaria priscicolorus Quicke, 1986 (monobasic and original designation).
T. albibasis van Achterberg, 1991: figs 33, 34, 36/ Oriental: Malaysia (Peninsular).
T. betremi van Achterberg, 1991: figs 31, 32, 35/ Oriental: Indonesia (Java).
T. chinensis Wang, Chen & He, 2003: figs 1–9/ Oriental: China (Guangxi).
T. maculata van Achterberg, 1991: figs 41–44/ Oriental: China-Taiwan; India; Malaysia (Peninsular); Singapore; Sri Lanka.
T. priscicolorus Quicke, 1986a: figs 1–11/ Australasian: Indonesia (Sulawesi).
T. sannio (Enderlein, 1920): figs 37–40/ Oriental: Indonesia; Singapore
T. setosa van Achterberg, 1991: figs 26–30/ Oriental: Indonesia (Bali)
T. seminigra Long, sp. nov./ Oriental: NE Vietnam (Tuyen Quang), N Vietnam (Ninh Binh), NC Vietnam (Ha Tinh).
T. sulcata van Achterberg, 1991: figs 22–25/ Oriental: Philippines (Mindanao, Mindoro).
T. unicolor van Achterberg, 1991: figs 17–20/ Oriental: Philippines.
T. vietnamica Long, sp. nov./ Oriental: N Vietnam (Thai Nguyen), NW Vietnam (Son La, Hoa Binh), S Vietnam (Pleicu).
Holotype
, ♀, “Bracn.1503” (IEBR), NE Vietnam: Tuyen Quang, Na Hang NP, Son Phu, forest, MT, 22°17'34"N, 105°28'19"E, 561 m, 15.iv.2018, KD Long. Paratypes, 3 ♀, “Bracn.768” (IEBR), N Vietnam: Ninh Binh, Cuc Phuong NP, forest, 20°19'N, 105°35'E, 180 m, sweeping, 9.v.2002, KD Long, “Bracn.1411” (
Holotype, female, body length 6.2 mm, fore wing length 5.7 mm, antenna 7.3 mm, ovipositor sheath 1.5 mm (Fig.
Head. Antenna with 58 antennomeres; length of third and fourth antennomere 1.75 (7 : 4) and 1.5× their width (6 : 4); length of subapical antennomere 1.3× its width (4 : 3); in frontal view, width of face 1.9× its length (25 : 13) (Fig.
Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.65× its height (78 : 47); propleuron shallow, finely crenulate medially (Fig.
Wings. Length of fore wing 3.2× its maximum width (240 : 75); length of pterostigma 3.8× its width (42 : 11); fore wing vein SR1 4.8× as long as vein 3-SR (67 : 14); r : 3-SR : SR1 = 13 : 14 : 67; cu-a interstitial, weakly inclivous (Fig.
Trispinaria seminigra Long, sp. nov., holotype, female. 2 head, frontal view 3 head, dorsal view 4 propodeum 5 mesopleuron 6 mesonotum 7 fifth and sixth metasomal tergites, lateral view 8 apex of ovipositor 9 metasoma 10 first and second metasomal tergites, lateral view 11 fore wing 12 hind wing.
Metasoma. Length of first tergite 0.9× its apical width (27 : 30), with basal excavation narrow and deep (Fig.
Colour. Head yellow; mesosoma and metasoma pale yellow; scapus brown; twenty middle antennomeres yellow; palpi and stemmaticum brownish yellow; mesoscutal lobes black, except median lobe laterally and posteriorly, lateral lobes anteriorly pale yellow; mesopleuron yellow ventrally, black dorsally; metapleuron black; scutellum pale yellow; metanotum and propodeum black; fore legs pale yellow; middle coxa, trochanter and trochantellus brown; middle femur brown, except outer side yellow; middle tibia and tarsus yellowish brown; hind legs black; hind tibial spurs pale yellow; pterostigma and veins brown; wing membrane subhyaline basally and medially, except fore wing membrane yellowish brown apically; first and second metasomal tergites black medio-basally, pale yellow laterally and apically; third-fifth metasomal tergites black basally, pale yellow apically; sixth metasomal tergite black, yellow apically; ovipositor sheath brown; ovipositor brownish yellow.
Length of body 5.8–7.7 mm, of fore wing 5.3–6.7 mm; antenna with 57–65 antennomeres; 16–26 middle antennomeres yellow or antenna brown entirely; stemmaticum brownish yellow; vein SR1 of fore wing 4.0–4.9× vein 3-SR; length of ovipositor sheath 0.22–0.25× fore wing; middle coxa and tarsus brownish yellow; middle femur and tibia yellow; ovipositor yellow.
Male. Unknown.
Unknown.
From semi (Latin for half) and niger (Latin for black), because the mesopleuron is black dorsally in contrast to the yellow ventral half.
N Vietnam: Tuyen Quang, Ninh Binh; NC Vietnam: Ha Tinh.
Trispinaria seminigra sp. nov. differs from T. vietnamica sp. nov. by having: median length of first metasomal tergite 0.9× as long as its apical width; propleuron shallow, finely rugose; fore wing vein cu-a slightly postfurcal and distinctly inclivous; hind wing vein 1-M almost straight basally; middle coxa dark brown; mesopleuron black dorsally; ovipositor apico-ventrally without serrations, except pre-apical ventral margin underneath with serrations.
The new species, T. seminigra sp. nov., is close to T. sannio (Enderlein), from Indonesia and Singapore by sharing the following characters: vein 1r-m of hind wing nearly united with vein 1-SC+R; apical half of subbasal cell of fore wing largely glabrous; and frons smooth. The new species can be inserted into the key by
7a. | Whole antenna black; face coarsely punctate, at most with some rugae dorsally; second submarginal cell of fore wing comparatively robust (cf. fig. 37 in |
T. sannio (Enderlein, 1920) |
a’. | Antenna dark brown basally and apically, yellowish medially; face transversely rugose, except triangular area upper clypeus smooth; second submarginal cell of fore wing slender (Fig. |
T. seminigra Long, sp. nov. |
Holotype
, ♀, “Bracn.376” (IEBR), S Vietnam: Pleicu, Dak Do, Ha Bau, > 800 m, bushes, 08.vi.2005, KD Long. Paratypes: 6 ♀, “Bracn.377” (IEBR), data as holotype; “Bracn.708” (IEBR), NE Vietnam: Thai Nguyen, Dai Tu, Cat Ne, MT, orchard, 21°31'24"N, 105°29'39"E, 302 m, 30.xi.2006, KD Long; “Bracn.708” (
Holotype, female, body length 8.3 mm, fore wing length 7.2 mm, antenna 7.7 mm, ovipositor sheath 1.8 mm (Fig.
Head. Antenna with 74 antennomeres; length of third and fourth antennomeres 1.6× and 1.4× their width, respectively (8 : 5) (7 : 5); length of subapical antennomere as long as wide (3 : 3); in frontal view, width of face 0.5× its length (33 : 16) (Fig.
Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.6× its height (85 : 54); propleuron wide, deep and crenulate medially (Fig.
Wings. Length of fore wing 3.1× its maximum width (225 : 72); length of pterostigma 3.2× its width (48 : 15); fore wing vein SR1 5.1× as long as vein 3-SR (76 : 15); r : 3-SR : SR1 = 15 : 15 : 76; cu-a slightly reclivous (Fig.
Legs. Hind coxa densely setose latero-ventrally, but without setae dorso-apically; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 4.0×, 9.4× and 6.7× their width, respectively; length of hind inner and outer tibial spurs 0.5× and 0.4× hind basitarsus, respectively; length of hind basitarsus 0.4× hind tibia (40 : 94) and 0.7× second-fifth tarsus (40 : 55); tarsal claw with large acute lobe (Fig.
Metasoma. Length of first tergite 0.7× its apical width (31 : 45), with wide and deep basal excavation (Fig.
Trispinaria vietnamica Long, sp. nov., holotype, female 14 head, frontal view 15 head, dorsal view 16 mesonotum 17 mesopleuron 18 Fore wing 19 hind telotarsus and tarsal claw 20 apex of ovipositor 21 hind wing 22 propodeum 23 first and second metasomal tergites, lateral view 24 fifth and sixth metasomal tergites, lateral view.
Length of body 5.4–8.4 mm, of fore wing 4.9–7.1 mm; antennae 65–70 antennomeres; 18–34 middle antennomeres yellow or antennae brown entirely; stemmaticum yellow; vein SR1 of fore wing 4.0–6.2× vein 3-SR; length of ovipositor sheath 0.22–0.3× fore wing; middle tarsus brownish yellow; hind tibial spurs brown.
Male. Unknown.
Unknown.
The name of the species originates from the name of the country, where the holotype was collected.
N Vietnam: Son La, Thai Nguyen, Hoa Binh; S Vietnam: Pleicu.
Trispinaria vietnamica sp. nov. differs from T. seminigra sp. nov. by having: first metasomal tergite with wide and deep basal excavation (narrow and deep in T. seminigra); median length of first metasomal tergite 0.7× as long as its apical width (0.9× in T. seminigra); propleuron wide and deep, crenulate (propleuron with distinct V-shaped carina posteriorly in T. seminigra); fore wing vein cu-a interstitial and weakly inclivous (vein cu-a vertical in T. seminigra); hind wing vein 1-M thick and curved basally (vein 1-M weakly curved basally in T. seminigra); middle coxa and mesopleuron pale yellow (black in T. seminigra); ovipositor apico-ventrally with serrations (apico-ventrally without serrations in T. seminigra).
The new species, T. vietnamica sp. nov., is similar to T. maculata van Achterberg, from India, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and Taiwan by sharing the following characters: vein 1r-m of hind wing nearly united with vein 1-SC+R; apical half of subbasal cell of fore wing largely glabrous; and frons smooth. The new species can be inserted into the key by
7b. | Surroundings of stemmaticum of female yellowish brown; antenna near its apical 0.4 brown; face transversely rugose; fore wing vein r distinctly longer vein 3-SR (cf. fig. 42 in |
T. maculata van Achterberg, 1991 |
b’. | Surroundings of stemmaticum of female brownish yellow (Fig. |
T. vietnamica Long, sp. nov. |
The limitations in our paper are that the type specimens of nine species described by
The colour patterns of wasps seem to be one of the characters for distinguishing between Trispinaria species, including the two new ones from Vietnam. Apart from the bicoloured antennae, most specimens of T. seminigra sp. nov. that possess a black mesopleuron dorsally and metanotum were collected by using sweep nets in the forest understorey and by the Malaise traps set under the canopy forest in the northern and north central parts of Vietnam (Fig.
This research was funded by the Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED), grant No. 106-NN.05-2016.08. The authors wish to thank Mr Nguyen Hoang Vu, Indochina Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ha Noi, Vietnam, for his help in making the distribution map.