Review Article |
Corresponding author: Eduardo M. Shimbori ( shimbori@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Kees van Achterberg
© 2020 Scott R. Shaw, Eduardo M. Shimbori, Angelica M. Penteado-Dias.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Shaw SR, Shimbori EM, Penteado-Dias AM (2020) A revision of the Aleiodes bakeri (Brues) species subgroup of the A. seriatus species group with the descriptions of 18 new species from the Neotropical Region. ZooKeys 964: 41-107. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.964.56131
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The Aleiodes bakeri (Brues) species subgroup of the A. seriatus species group is defined based on two previously described species, A. bakeri and A. nigristemmaticum (Enderlein), and is greatly expanded in this paper with an identification key, descriptions, and illustrations of 18 new species from the Neotropical Region: A. andinus Shaw & Shimbori, sp. nov.; angustus Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; asenjoi Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; bahiensis Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; barrosi Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; brevicarina Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; coariensis Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; goiasensis Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; gonodontivorus Shaw & Shimbori, sp. nov.; hyalinus Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; inga Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; joaquimi Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; lidiae Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; mabelae Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; maculosus Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; ovatus Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; santarosensis Shaw & Shimbori, sp. nov.; and taurus Shimbori & Penteado-Dias, sp. nov. It is hypothesized that the A. bakeri species subgroup is a monophyletic lineage within the larger and probably artificial A. seriatus species group (those Aleiodes with a comb of flat setae at the apex of the hind tibia), and can be distinguished from other members of the seriatus group by having the hind wing vein r present, although weakly indicated; the hind wing marginal cell suddenly widened at junction of veins RS and r; the subbasal cell of the fore wing mostly glabrous but often with two rows of short setae subapically; glabrous regions of the wings also commonly found in the first subdiscal, discal, and basal cells of the fore wing, and the basal cell of hind wing; ocelli quite large, with the width of a lateral ocellus being distinctly larger than the ocellar-ocular distance; and being relatively large Aleiodes species with body almost entirely brownish yellow or reddish brown. In addition, a new replacement name, Aleiodes buntikae Shimbori & Shaw, nom. nov., is proposed for the species formerly called Aleiodes (Hemigyroneuron) bakeri Butcher & Quicke, 2011.
Aleiodini, Erebidae, koinobionts, parasitoid wasps, taxonomy
Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae; tribe Aleiodini) is the most common and species-rich rogadine genus worldwide (
Due to the high diversity of species in this genus, revisionary studies of Aleiodes have progressed in recent years by defining and examining species groups (
Some confusion could result since a similar comb of flat hind tibial setae has also evolved in some genera of the tribe Rogadini such as Rogas Nees, Triraphis Ruthe, Cystomastax Szepligeti, and Macrostomion Szeplegeti. It is therefore important that specimens are carefully identified as belonging to the genus Aleiodes first, using identification keys such as those of
During our studies we discovered that many of the more commonly encountered specimens of the A. seriatus species group from the Neotropical Region fall into a particular presumed lineage characterized by having the hind wing vein r present (as in Figs
Although Aleiodes bakeri (Brues) was described and named more than a century ago, and is among the commonest of species covered in this manuscript, its identity and relationships to other species have remained largely obscure. A closely related species, Aleiodes nigristemmaticum (Enderlein) is the only other previously named species in this subgroup, and the only one to extend its range into the southern parts of the Nearctic Region (
For identification of the braconid subfamily Rogadinae see
Morphological terminology for descriptions follows that of
OOL distance between eye and lateral ocellus
OD diameter of lateral ocellus
POL distance between lateral ocelli
T1 metasomal tergite 1
T2 metasomal tergite 2
T3 metasomal tergite 3
A number of specimens from Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) in Costa Rica had sequences of the COI DNA barcoding region generated by standard protocols for the ACG barcode inventory, which are described in detail by
Examined specimens and types are deposited at the following collections:
Aleiodes bakeri (Brues, 1912); nigristemmaticum (Enderlein, 1920); andinus Shaw & Shimbori, sp. nov.; angustus Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; asenjoi Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; bahiensis Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; barrosi Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; brevicarina Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; coariensis Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; goiasensis Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; gonodontivorus Shaw & Shimbori, sp. nov.; hyalinus Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; inga Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; joaquimi Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; lidiae Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; mabelae Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; maculosus Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; ovatus Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; santarosensis Shaw & Shimbori, sp. nov.; and taurus Shimbori & Penteado-Dias, sp. nov.
Hind tibia with row of flattened setae along inner margin (as in Fig.
Known only from the New World with most species occurring in the Neotropical parts of South America and Central America. The northern limits of the group are set by a few species that occur in Mexico, parts of the Caribbean, and southern Florida. Species of this group have been recorded from the following countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama Peru, southeastern USA (Florida), Suriname, and Venezuela.
As far as known, species of this group are koinobiont endoparasitoids of Noctuoidea caterpillars, with all confirmed hosts of three of the treated species being from the family Erebidae (subfamilies Calpinae, Eulepidotinae and Erebinae). They have been reared from mummified caterpillars of several erebid species including hosts of economical relevance (i.e., Mocis latipes (Guenée), an occasional pest of pasture).
We propose that the presence of the vein r on hind wing is a putative synapomorphy of this monophyletic group of species within the larger seriatus species group.
1 | Occipital carina interrupted mid-dorsally (as in Figs |
2 |
– | Occipital carina complete dorsally (as in Figs |
5 |
2 | Fore wing vein 1a absent (as in Figs |
3 |
– | Fore wing vein 1a present and tubular (as in Figs |
4 |
3 | Fore wing second submarginal cell comparatively short (Figs |
A. bakeri Brues |
– | Fore wing second submarginal cell longer (Fig. |
A. mabelae sp. nov. |
4 | Basal polished triangular area of T1 long, distinctly extending over dorsal surface (Fig. |
A. angustus sp. nov. |
– | Basal triangular area of T1 short, not extending dorsally (Fig. |
A. asenjoi sp. nov. |
5 | Hind tibia whitish yellow basally and dark brown or black apically, fore and mid tibia basally or entirely whitish yellow; all tarsomeres 1–4 whitish yellow (Figs |
6 |
– | Hind tibia and tarsi usually entirely brownish yellow, if tibia basally and tarsomeres 1–4 whitish yellow, then apex of hind tibia not dark brown and body brownish yellow (Fig. |
9 |
6 | Thorax mottled light pale yellow and brown (Fig. |
A. maculosus sp. nov. |
– | Thorax entirely dark reddish brown (Fig. |
7 |
7 | Fore wing with distinct, rounded infuscate spot around veins 1M and 1CUa (Fig. |
A. ovatus sp. nov. |
– | Fore wing without distinct infuscate spot but basal half of vein 1M infuscate (Fig. |
8 |
8 | Fore wing first discal cell evenly, rather densely setose (Fig. |
A. brevicarina sp. nov. |
– | Fore wing discal cell with distinct glabrous spot along veins 1M and 1CU; basal cell mostly glabrous, setose below costal vein and anteriorly near vein 1M. Fore wing without infuscate spots (Fig. |
A. joaquimi sp. nov. |
9 | First subdiscal cell of fore wing widening apically and relatively long (Fig. |
A. barrosi sp. nov. |
– | First subdiscal cell of fore wing not widening apically and shorter; vein 1CUb 1.00–1.25 × longer than 1CUa. Vein 2CUa less inclivous, vein 1CUa 1.5–2.0 × longer than vein 2CUa | 10 |
10 | Antenna entirely yellowish (as in Fig. |
11 |
– | Antenna dark brown basally, apically light brown to yellow (as in Figs |
13 |
11 | All wing veins evenly brown, membrane hyaline without distinct infuscate patches around veins (Fig. |
A. hyalinus sp. nov. |
– | Veins 1M, 1CUa, and part of 2CUb dark brown, darker than remaining veins, membrane around these veins, and below vein 1-1A apically, at least weakly infuscate (as in Figs |
12 |
12 | All legs with tarsomeres 1–4 and at least base of tibiae whitish yellow, contrasting with brownish orange femur (Fig. |
A. santarosensis sp. nov. |
– | Legs honey yellow (Fig. |
A. bahiensis sp. nov. |
13 | All femora dark brown apically (Fig. |
A. coariensis sp. nov. |
– | Fore and mid femora yellow, hind femur sometimes mostly dark brown. Stigma mostly or entirely yellow (Fig. |
14 |
14 | Flagellum with two colors, black basally and yellow apically, not gradually lighter, usually with one “transitional” flagellomere, lighter than basal and darker than apical flagellomeres (Fig. |
15 |
– | Flagellum gradually lightening toward apex. Ovipositor sheaths truncated apically, without point (as in Fig. |
18 |
15 | Basal cell of fore wing evenly, rather densely setose, without large glabrous spots (Fig. |
A. andinus sp. nov. |
– | Basal cell of fore wing largely glabrous (Fig. |
16 |
16 | Frons entirely rugulose (Fig. |
A. taurus sp. nov. |
– | Frons shiny coriaceous (Figs |
17 |
17 | Hind femur mostly dark brown (Fig. |
A. lidiae sp. nov. |
– | Hind femur brownish yellow (Fig. |
A. gonodontivorus sp. nov. |
18 | Second submarginal cell of fore wing long, vein 3RSa ~ 2.0 × longer than 2RS (Fig. |
A. inga sp. nov. |
– | Second submarginal cell short, vein 3RSa 1.3–1.5 × longer than vein 2RS (Figs |
19 |
19 | Occipital carina in dorsal view distinctly curved medially, carina weaker mid-dorsally (Fig. |
A. goiasensis sp. nov. |
– | Occipital carina straight or weakly bent mid-dorsally (Fig. |
A. nigristemmaticum Enderlein |
Holotype, female (
Body length 8.1 mm. Fore wing length 6.4 mm.
Head. In dorsal view eye length/temple 4.0. Eye height/head width 0.4. Eye height/minimum distance between eyes 1.1. OD/POL 2.2. OD/OOL 2.4. Frons excavated. Frons lateral carina present. Occipital carina dorsally complete, weakly curved. Occiput in dorsal view nearly straight, not indented medially. Occipital carina ventrally meeting hypostomal carina. Mid-longitudinal crest at upper face present. Hypoclypeal depression/face width 0.33. Malar space/eye height 0.19. Face height/width 0.7. Clypeus height/width 0.66. Clypeus convex, granulate. Sculpture of head mostly shiny granulate. Face weakly rugose, transversely rugose-striate around median crest.
Antenna. Antennal segments 55. Antenna/body length 1.2. Scape/pedicel length 2.3. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.2. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.7. Tip of apical segment of antenna pointed.
Mesosoma. Length/height ~ 1.6. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.7. Mesoscutum length/width ~ 1.1. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.7. Prescutellar sulcus with complete median carina, rugose laterally without distinct lateral carinae. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with mid-longitudinal carina complete, connecting to a carinate pit posteriorly, carina bisecting posterior pit, although weaker posteriorly. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum present at basal 0.7, absent posteriorly. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron set within shallow smooth sulcus; pit at ventral mid-line absent. Notauli weakly indicated anteriorly, indistinctly crenulate. Sternaulus weakly indicated anteriorly, rugose. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Pronotum rugose laterally, or granulate ventrally, pronotal groove crenulate anteriorly, short subventral longitudinal carina present. Mesopleuron rugose below subalar groove. Subalar groove crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose. Mesoscutellar trough entirely costate. Metanotum mostly smooth and weakly crenulate. Propodeum mostly rugose.
Wings. Fore wing: Stigma length/height 3.4. Vein r/2RS 1.3. Vein r/RS+Mb 1.2. Vein 3RSa/2RS 1.8. Vein 3RSa/2M 0.83. Vein 3RSa/3RSb 0.46. Vein 1CUa/1CUb 1.0. Vein 1CUa/2CUa 2.1. Vein 1cu-a weakly inclivous. Vein 1M nearly straight. Vein RS+Ma virtually straight. Vein M+CU weakly sinuate. Vein 1-1A very weakly sinuate apically. Vein 1a absent. Second submarginal cell trapezoidal. Subbasal cell glabrous, with two parallel rows of short setae subapically, a row of setae just below of vein 1CUa and M+CU apically, a row of setae apically just above vein 1-1A, and sparsely setose at base. Basal cell evenly setose. Hind wing: Vein RS bent at basal 0.3, with vein r. Marginal cell narrowest at base. Vein M+CU/1M 1.6. Vein M+CU/r-m 1.3. Vein m-cu present, spectral. Vein m-cu position relative to vein r-m antefurcal. Vein 2-1A absent. Basal cell sparsely setose, bare posteriorly.
Hind legs. Femur length/width 5.0. Length of tibia/tarsi ~ 0.9. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 ~ 0.7. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally mostly shiny granular-coriaceous, finely striate apically. Tarsal claws not pectinate.
Metasoma. T1 length/apical width ~ 1.3. T2 length/apical width ~ 0.9. T3 length/apical width 0.7. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until near apex of T3. Metasoma sculpture T1 rugose, T2 and most of T3 striate-rugose, remainder metasoma smooth. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus 0.5. Ovipositor sheaths narrow, with truncate apex; apical point absent.
Color. Brownish yellow. Antenna with basal 12–13 flagellomeres black, apical segments yellow. Wings tinged yellow; stigma and most veins yellow; vein 1M at basal 0.7 and vein 1CUa black, veins r, 2RS, and apex of and 2CUb brown; distinctly infuscate area around base of vein 1M and vein 1CUa, faintly infuscate spots below apex of vein 1-1A and around vein 2CUb.
Male. Unknown.
Aleiodes andinus is similar to three other new species described in this paper, A. gonodontivorus, A. lidiae, and A. taurus, which also have a distinctly bicolored flagellum with rapid transition from dark to light color (Figs
Known only from the type-locality in Cusco, Peru.
The name refers to the Andes Mountains, which are prominent features of the Cusco region of Peru where the holotype specimen was collected.
Holotype, female (
Paratypes. 1 female, 1 male (
Body length 7.3–8.0 mm. Fore wing length 5.9–6.3 mm.
Head. In dorsal view eye length/temple 3.5–4.0. Eye height/head width 0.41–0.43. Eye height/minimum distance between eyes 1.1–1.2. OD/POL 2.4–2.6. OD/OOL 2.5–3.2. Frons excavated. Frons lateral carina weakly indicated. Occipital carina dorsally incomplete. Occiput in dorsal view weakly indented medially. Occipital carina not curved toward ocelli. Occipital carina ventrally meeting hypostomal carina. Mid-longitudinal crest at upper face present. Hypoclypeal depression/face width 0.35–0.45. Malar space/eye height 0.2. Face height/width 0.6–0.7. Clypeus height/width 0.56–0.60. Clypeus convex, granulate. Sculpture of head shiny granular-coriaceous. Face transversely rugose-striate, medially granular-coriaceous below crest.
Antenna. Antennal segments 47–48. Antenna/body length 0.94–0.96. Scape/pedicel length 2.0–2.1. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.2–1.3. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.3–1.4. Tip of apical segment of antenna pointed.
Mesosoma. Length/height 1.5–1.6. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.76–0.83. Mesoscutum length/width ~ 1.1. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.6–0.8. Prescutellar sulcus with complete mid-longitudinal carina, and a few irregular and incomplete carinae laterally. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with mid-longitudinal carina present anteriorly. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum complete. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron smooth, without distinct sulcus; pit at ventral mid-line present, shallow. Notauli weakly indicated anteriorly, indistinctly crenulate. Sternaulus weakly indicated anteriorly, rugose. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Pronotum rugose laterally, pronotal groove curvedly crenulate anteriorly. Mesopleuron rugose below subalar groove. Subalar groove crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose. Mesoscutellar trough entirely costate. Metanotum mostly smooth, with one or two pairs of lateral carinae. Propodeum mostly shiny granular-coriaceous, with a few carinae radiating from mid-posterior knob.
Wings. Fore wing: Stigma length/height 3.0–3.2. Vein r/2RS 1.1–1.3. Vein r/RS+Mb 1.4–1.6. Vein 3RSa/2RS 1.2–1.5. Vein 3RSa/2M 0.8–0.9. Vein 3RSa/3RSb 0.32–0.43. Vein 1CUa/1CUb ~ 0.8. Vein 1CUa/2CUa 1.65–1.75. Vein 1cu-a vertical. Vein 1M strongly curved at base. Vein RS+Ma weakly curved. Vein M+CU virtually straight. Vein 1-1A distinctly sinuate basally. Vein 1a present and tubular. Second submarginal cell trapezoidal. Subbasal cell mostly glabrous, with sparse setae basally, a small setose patch at the infuscate region bellow vein 1CUa, and two or three irregular rows of short setae subapically above vein 1-1A. Basal cell with more or less large glabrous region posteriorly, sometimes with sparse setae; costal and apical regions evenly setose. Hind wing: Vein RS bent at basal 0.3, with vein r present. Marginal cell narrowest at base. Vein M+CU/1M 2.3–2.5. Vein M+CU/r-m 1.7–1.8. Vein m-cu present, spectral. Vein m-cu position relative to vein r-m interstitial, or just postfurcal. Vein 2-1A absent. Basal cell sparsely setose, bare posteriorly.
Hind legs. Femur length/width 3.7–4.0. Length of tibia/tarsi 1.2–1.3. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 ~ 0.7. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally mostly shiny granular-coriaceous, finely striate apically. Tarsal claws not pectinate.
Metasoma. T1 length/apical width ~ 1.0. T2 length/apical width 0.8–0.9. T3 length/apical width 0.7. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until T2. Metasoma sculpture T1 and T2 costate, basal 0.2 of T3 finely costate, remainder terga granular-coriaceous. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus 1.4. Ovipositor sheaths unusually long and with, with truncate apex; apical point absent
Color. Brownish yellow. Hind femur dark brown at apical 0.2; all fifth tarsomeres light brown. Wings faintly tinged yellow; most veins yellow, infuscate spots at fore wing veins 1M/1CUa, apex of 1CUa, 2CUb, and veins enclosing second submarginal cell. Ovipositor sheaths honey brown with dark brown apex.
Male. Essentially as in female, but metasoma not laterally compressed apically. Body length 5.6–6.2 mm, fore wing length 4.2–5.4 mm; 42–44 antennomeres.
Aleiodes angustus is the only species in this study with long and wide ovipositor sheaths that are distinctly longer than hind basitarsus (Fig.
Known from several localities in Peru, and in Mato Grosso state in Brazil.
The name angustus is from the Latin word for narrow or slender, being a reference to the compressed and narrow apex of the metasoma in this species (Fig.
Holotype, female (
Paratypes. 2 females (
Body length 5.4–6.2 mm. Fore wing length 4.9–5.4 mm.
Head. In dorsal view eye length/temple 4.1–5.3. Eye height/head width 0.43–0.45. Eye height/minimum distance between eyes 1.1–1.2. OD/POL 1.8–2.5. OD/OOL 1.8–2.5. Frons excavated. Frons lateral carina present in addition to W-shaped carina. Occipital carina dorsally incomplete. Occiput in dorsal view weakly indented medially. Occipital carina not curved toward ocelli. Occipital carina ventrally meeting hypostomal carina. Mid-longitudinal crest at upper face present. Hypoclypeal depression/face width 0.36–0.42. Malar space/eye height 0.18–0.20. Face height/width 0.6–0.7. Clypeus height/width 0.5–0.6. Clypeus convex, strongly bulging, granulate. Sculpture of head shiny granular-coriaceous. Face transversely rugose-striate, medially granular-coriaceous below crest.
Antenna. Antennal segments 45. Antenna/body length 1.0–1.1. Scape/pedicel length 2.0–2.1. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.0–1.1. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.7–1.8. Tip of apical segment of antenna pointed.
Mesosoma. Length/height 1.6–1.7. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.71–0.76. Mesoscutum length/width 1.0–1.1. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.6. Prescutellar sulcus with complete mid-longitudinal carina, and 2–4 pairs of rather incomplete carinae laterally. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with mid-longitudinal carina present anteriorly, and with carinate pit mid-posteriorly. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum complete, or nearly complete. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron set within shallow smooth sulcus; pit at ventral mid-line absent. Notauli present anteriorly and indistinctly crenulate. Sternaulus absent. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Pronotum granulate-rugose laterally, pronotal groove crenulate anteriorly, crenulation curved posteriorly into ventral curved striation. Mesopleuron rugose below subalar groove. Subalar groove sparsely crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose. Mesoscutellar trough entirely costate. Metanotum costate. Propodeum mostly rugose.
Wings. Fore wing: Stigma length/height 2.8–3.0. Vein r/2RS 1.1–1.3. Vein r/RS+Mb 1.4–1.7. Vein 3RSa/2RS 1.2–1.5. Vein 3RSa/2M 0.8–0.9. Vein 3RSa/3RSb 0.34–0.42. Vein 1CUa/1CUb 0.75–0.95. Vein 1CUa/2CUa 1.6–1.8. Vein 1cu-a vertical. Vein 1M weakly curved basally. Vein RS+Ma weakly sinuate. Vein M+CU virtually straight. Vein 1-1A distinctly sinuate basally. Vein 1a present and tubular. Second submarginal cell trapezoidal. Subbasal cell mostly glabrous, with sparse setae basally, a small setose patch at the infuscate region bellow vein 1CUa, and two or three irregular rows of short setae subapically above vein 1-1A. Basal cell with more or less large glabrous region posteriorly, sometimes with sparse setae; costal and apical regions evenly setose. Hind wing: Vein RS Bent at basal 0.3, with vein r present. Marginal cell narrowest at base. Vein M+CU/1M 1.8–2.1. Vein M+CU/r-m 1.5–1.7. Vein m-cu present, spectral. Vein m-cu position relative to vein r-m interstitial. Vein 2-1A absent. Basal cell sparsely setose, bare posteriorly.
Hind legs. Femur length/width 4.0–4.3. Length of tibia/tarsi 1.1–1.2. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 0.73–0.77. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally mostly shiny granular-coriaceous, finely striate apically. Tarsal claws not pectinate.
Metasoma. T1 length/apical width 1.0–1.1. T2 length/apical width 0.75–0.80. T3 length/apical width 0.6–0.7. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until basal 0.5 of T3. Metasoma sculpture T1, T2 and basal 0.7 of T3 rugose-costate, sculpture weaker at T3, or remainder terga granular-coriaceous. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus 0.5–0.7. Ovipositor sheaths relatively narrow, with roughly rounded apex; apical point absent.
Color. Brownish yellow to light brown, including antenna. With more or less distinct brown spots at apex of hind femur and apex of scutellum, sometimes also at apex of mid femur. Wings moderately tinged yellow, vein yellow with typical darker regions on vein 1M, 1CUa and apex of 1-1A and at vein r, 2RS and 2CUb, stigma with a round brown spot mid-apically. Ovipositor sheaths dark brown.
Male. Essentially as in female, but fore wing vein 1a shorter. Body length 4.8–5.1 mm; fore wing length 3.8–4.4 mm; antenna with 41 segments.
Aleiodes asenjoi is most similar to A. angustus (they are the only two species in this study that have a distinct and tubular fore wing vein 1a) but these two can be separated by the characters discussed in the diagnosis for A. angustus (above). Aleiodes asenjoi is also very similar to A. bakeri but it has the occipital carina more widely absent dorsally (Fig.
Known from localities in Brazil and Peru.
The name is a patronym for Angelico Asenjo, the collector of the holotype specimen.
Holotype, female (
Paratype, female (
Body length 6.2–6.4 mm. Fore wing length 5.0–5.3 mm.
Head. In dorsal view eye length/temple 4.0–5.0. Eye height/head width 0.43–0.45. Eye height/minimum distance between eyes 1.3–1.4. OD/POL 2.8–3.2. OD/OOL 3.2–3.3. Frons excavated. Frons lateral carina present. Occipital carina dorsally complete and nearly straight. Occiput in dorsal view nearly straight, not indented medially. Occipital carina ventrally meeting hypostomal carina. Mid-longitudinal crest at upper face present. Hypoclypeal depression/face width 0.36–0.37. Malar space/eye height 0.2. Face height/width 0.70–0.75. Clypeus height/width 0.70–0.75. Clypeus convex, granulate. Sculpture of head shiny granular-coriaceous. Face transversely rugose-striate around median crest.
Antenna. Antennal segments 48–49. Antenna/body length 1.1. Scape/pedicel length 1.7–1.8. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.2. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.7–1.8. Tip of apical segment of antenna nipple-shaped.
Mesosoma. Length/height ~ 1.7. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.65. Mesoscutum length/width 1.2. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.9–1.0. Prescutellar sulcus with five distinct carinae. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with mid-longitudinal carina complete, connecting to a carinate pit posteriorly. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum present at basal 0.7, absent posteriorly. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron set within shallow smooth sulcus. Pit at ventral mid-line weakly indicated. Notauli weakly indicated anteriorly, indistinctly crenulate. Sternaulus weakly indicated anteriorly, rugose. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Pronotum granulate ventrally, pronotal groove mostly crenulate, short subventral longitudinal carina present. Mesopleuron mostly rugose. Subalar groove crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose, with a short mid-longitudinal carina posteriorly. Mesoscutellar trough entirely costate. Metanotum mostly smooth, with one or two pairs of lateral carinae. Propodeum mostly rugose.
Wings. Fore wing: Stigma length/height 3.5. Vein r/2RS 1.1–1.2. Vein r/RS+Mb 1.5. Vein 3RSa/2RS 1.5–1.8. Vein 3RSa/2M 0.75–0.80. Vein 3RSa/3RSb 0.34–0.42. Vein 1CUa/1CUb 0.85–0.90. Vein 1CUa/2CUa 1.9. Vein 1cu-a weakly inclivous. Vein 1M weakly curved basally. Vein RS+Ma weakly curved. Vein M+CU virtually straight. Vein 1-1A nearly straight. Vein 1a absent. Second submarginal cell trapezoidal. Subbasal cell glabrous, with two parallel rows of short setae subapically, and a narrow patch of setae just below vein 1CUa. Basal cell mostly evenly setose, sparsely setose posteriorly. Hind wing: Vein RS bent at basal 0.3, with vein r present. Marginal cell narrowest at base. Vein M+CU/1M 1.5–1.6. Vein M+CU/r-m 1.3. Vein m-cu present, spectral. Vein m-cu position relative to vein r-m interstitial, or antefurcal. Vein 2-1A absent. Basal cell evenly, rather sparsely setose, posteriorly with small bare area.
Hind legs. Femur length/width 4.7–5.5. Length of tibia/tarsi ~ 1.0. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 ~ 0.7. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally mostly shiny granular-coriaceous, finely striate apically. Tarsal claws not pectinate.
Metasoma. T1 length/apical width 1.2–1.3. T2 length/apical width ~ 0.9. T3 length/apical width 0.6. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until basal 0.7 of T3. Metasoma sculpture T1 rugose, T2 and most of T3 striate-rugose, remainder terga granular-coriaceous. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus ~ 0.4. Apex of ovipositor sheaths truncate; apical point absent.
Color. Entirely yellowish brown, except for stemmaticum black. Wings weakly tinged brownish yellow; veins and stigma yellow except 1M, 1CUa, apex of 1-1A, r, 2RS, 3RS, 2M and part of 2CUb brown; faintly infuscate areas around veins 1M, r and 2CUa, and bellow apex of vein 1-1A.
Male. Unknown
Aleiodes bahiensis is similar to A. hyalinus and A. santarosensis. These three species have the antenna entirely yellow (as in Fig.
Known only from the type-locality in Bahia, Brazil.
The name bahiensis refers to Bahia State in northeastern Brazil, the type-locality of this species.
Rhogas bakeri Brues, 1912: 222, fig 21.
Aleiodes bakeri Shenefelt, 1975: 1166.
not Aleiodes (Hemigyroneuron) bakeri Butcher & Quicke, 2011: 1417.
Holotype, female (MCZ-Harvard). 7 labels: 1. “Rio Madeira, Brazil Mann & Baker.” 2. “Madeira-mamoré R.R. Co. Camp 39.” 3. “TYPE.” 4. “M.C.Z. H Type 29923.” 5. “Rhogas bakeri Brues.” 6. “MCZ Image Database.” 7 “MCZ-ENT 00029923.”
BRAZIL: 2 females (
Holotype in fair condition. All but the left front leg detached from body, two hind and two mid legs glued in a separate card, metasoma loose but still attached to body, both antennae broken before middle.
Body length 7.0 mm. Fore wing length 6.0 mm.
Head. In dorsal view eye length/temple 3.2. Eye height/head width 0.36. Eye height/minimum distance between eyes 1.1. OD/POL 2.5. OD/OOL 2.5. Frons excavated. Frons lateral carina present. Occipital carina dorsally incomplete. Occiput in dorsal view nearly straight, not indented medially. Occipital carina not curved toward ocelli. Occipital carina ventrally meeting hypostomal carina. Mid-longitudinal crest at upper face present. Hypoclypeal depression/face width 0.35. Malar space/eye height 0.2. Face height/width 0.65. Clypeus height/width ~ 0.6. Clypeus convex, granulate. Sculpture of head shiny granular-coriaceous. Face weakly rugose, with bulging granulate area below crest, transversely rugose-striate around median crest.
Antenna. Antennal segments (antenna broken). Antenna/body length unknown (antenna broken). Scape/pedicel length 2.0. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.3. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.3.
Mesosoma. Length/height 1.5–1.6. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.55. Mesoscutum length/width ~ 1.0. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.5. Prescutellar sulcus with complete mid-longitudinal carina, and a few irregular and incomplete carinae laterally. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with mid-longitudinal carina complete, connecting to a carinate pit posteriorly. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum present at basal 0.7, absent posteriorly. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron smooth, without distinct sulcus; pit at ventral mid-line present, shallow. Notauli present anteriorly, shallow and weakly crenulate. Sternaulus absent. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Metapleuron rugose posteriorly. Pronotum rugose laterally, pronotal groove curvedly crenulate anteriorly. Mesopleuron mostly rugose. Subalar groove crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum destroyed by pin. Mesoscutellar trough entirely costate. Metanotum mostly smooth and weakly crenulate. Propodeum rugose posteriorly.
Wings. Fore wing: Stigma length/height 3.6–3.9. Vein r/2RS 1.3. Vein r/RS+Mb 1.4. Vein 3RSa/2RS 1.3. Vein 3RSa/2M 0.8. Vein 3RSa/3RSb 0.3. Vein 1CUa/1CUb 0.9. Vein 1CUa/2CUa 1.8. Vein 1cu-a weakly inclivous. Vein 1M weakly curved basally. Vein RS+Ma distinctly curved. Vein M+CU virtually straight. Vein 1-1A weakly sinuate at apex. Vein 1a absent. Second submarginal cell short and trapezoidal. Subbasal cell glabrous, with two parallel rows of short setae subapically. Basal cell with more or less large glabrous region posteriorly, sometimes with sparse setae; costal and apical regions evenly setose. Hind wing: Vein RS bent at basal 0.3, with vein r present. Marginal cell narrowest at base. Vein M+CU/1M 1.9. Vein M+CU/r-m 1.6. Vein m-cu present, spectral. Vein m-cu position relative to vein r-m interstitial. Vein 2-1A absent. Basal cell evenly setose.
Hind legs. Femur length/width 4.3. Length of tibia/tarsi ~ 1.0. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 0.75. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally shiny granular-coriaceous. Tarsal claws not pectinate.
Metasoma. T1 length/apical width ~ 1.1. T2 length/apical width ~ 0.8. T3 length/apical width 0.6. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until basal 0.7 of T3. Metasoma sculpture of T1, T2, and basal 0.7 of T3 rugose-costate, sculpture weaker at T3, remainder metasoma smooth. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus 0.3. Apex of ovipositor sheaths roughly rounded; apical point relatively long and curved.
Color. Mostly pale honey yellow; all coxa, trochanter and trochantellus, and base of femur whitish (fore legs lighter than hind, hind coxa light yellow); stemmaticum and mandible tips brown; wings weakly tinged yellow, with two infuscate regions on fore wing, one around vein 1M, extending to a infuscate region below apex of subbasal cell, and another at stigma level, including the second submarginal cell and part of vein 2CUb (in original description the infuscate regions are described as cross-bands, maybe specimen lost color during the past 100 years; in holotype and in younger specimens the infuscate regions do not form cross bands. Instead there are infuscate regions around vein 1M, below apex of vein 1-1A, around vein r and veins forming the second submarginal cell, and around vein 2CUb medially); stigma brownish yellow without any dark spot; veins yellow, brown in the infuscate regions: veins 1M at basal ¾, 1CUa, apex of 1-1A, r, 2RS, 3RS, and 2CUb subapically.
Body length 6.3–7.5 mm. Fore wing length 5.3–6.0 mm.
Head. In dorsal view eye length/temple 3.2–4.1. Eye height/head width 0.36–0.42. Eye height/minimum distance between eyes 1.1–1.3. OD/POL 2.5–3.7. OD/OOL 2.5–4.0. Frons excavated. Frons lateral carina present. Occipital carina dorsally incomplete. Occiput in dorsal view weakly indented medially. Occipital carina not curved toward ocelli. Occipital carina ventrally meeting hypostomal carina. Mid-longitudinal crest at upper face present. Hypoclypeal depression/face width 0.32–0.37. Malar space/eye height 0.14–0.20. Face height/width 0.6–0.7. Clypeus height/width 0.57–0.67. Clypeus convex, granulate. Sculpture of head shiny granular-coriaceous. Face weakly rugose, with bulging granulate area below crest, transversely rugose-striate around median crest.
Antenna. Antennal segments 46–51. Antenna/body length 1.1. Scape/pedicel length 2.0. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.2–1.3. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.3–1.4. Tip of apical segment of antenna pointed.
Mesosoma. Length/height 1.7–1.8. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.65–0.68. Mesoscutum length/width 1.1–1.2. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.6–0.7. Prescutellar sulcus with complete mid-longitudinal carina, and a few irregular and incomplete carinae laterally. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with mid-longitudinal carina complete, connecting to a carinate pit posteriorly. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum present at basal 0.7, absent posteriorly. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron smooth, without distinct sulcus; pit at ventral mid-line present, shallow. Notauli present anteriorly, shallow and weakly crenulate. Sternaulus absent. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate, metapleuron rugose posteriorly. Pronotum rugose laterally, pronotal groove sparsely crenulate anteriorly. Mesopleuron mostly rugose. Subalar groove crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose with long and irregular mid-longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellar trough entirely costate. Metanotum mostly smooth and weakly crenulate. Propodeum rugose posteriorly.
Wings. Fore wing: Stigma length/height 3.7–4.0. Vein r/2RS 1.3–1.5. Vein r/RS+Mb 1.5–1.7. Vein 3RSa/2RS 1.4–1.6. Vein 3RSa/2M 0.82–0.85. Vein 3RSa/3RSb 0.37–0.40. Vein 1CUa/1CUb 0.9–1.0. Vein 1CUa/2CUa 1.6–2.0. Vein 1cu-a weakly inclivous, or nearly vertical. Vein 1M weakly curved basally. Vein RS+Ma distinctly curved. Vein M+CU virtually straight. Vein 1-1A weakly sinuate at apex. Second submarginal cell short and trapezoidal. Subbasal cell mostly glabrous, with two parallel rows of short setae subapically, and few scattered setae medially. Basal cell mostly evenly, rather sparsely setose, with narrow glabrous anal spot. Hind wing: Vein RS bent at basal 0.3, with vein r present. Marginal cell narrowest at base. Vein M+CU/1M 1.6–1.7. Vein M+CU/r-m 1.3–1.4. Vein m-cu present, spectral. Vein m-cu position relative to vein r-m interstitial, or antefurcal. Vein 2-1A absent. Basal cell evenly, rather sparsely setose, posteriorly with small bare area.
Hind legs. Femur length/width 4.4–4.6. Length of tibia/tarsi 0.9–1.0. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 0.72–0.74. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally shiny granular-coriaceous. Tarsal claws not pectinate.
Metasoma. T1 length/apical width 1.0–1.1. T2 length/apical width 0.8–0.9. T3 length/apical width 0.6–0.7. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until near apex of T3, or extending until basal 0.7 of T3. Metasoma sculpture T1, T2 and basal 0.7 of T3 rugose-costate, remainder metasoma smooth. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus 0.27–0.45. Apex of ovipositor sheaths roughly rounded; apical point relatively long and curved.
Color. Essentially as in holotype. Body color varying from brownish yellow to pale yellow. Some specimens have a brown subapical spot on the pterostigma.
Male. Essentially as in female. Body length 5.6–6.6 mm; fore wing length 4.3–5.4 mm; antenna with 48–50 segments.
The color patterns, body proportions, and other features of Aleiodes bakeri are similar to those in A. nigristemmaticum (Enderlein). The most useful characters to distinguish them are the occipital carina, which is incomplete at the vertex in bakeri (Fig.
Aleiodes bakeri is known from localities in Brazil and Peru.
Butcher and Quicke (2011) synonymized Hemigyroneuron Baker as a junior synonym of Aleiodes but retained Hemigyroneuron as a subgenus. The species Aleiodes (Hemigyroneuron) bakeri Butcher & Quicke, 2011 is not the same species as Aleiodes bakeri (Brues, 1912). Despite its assignment to a different subgenus, Aleiodes bakeri Butcher & Quicke, 2011 is a junior homonym of Aleiodes bakeri (Brues, 1912) and a replacement name is needed. There we hereby propose the new name, Aleiodes buntikae Shimbori & Shaw, nom. nov., for the species formerly called Aleiodes (Hemigyroneuron) bakeri Butcher & Quicke, 2011: p. 1417. The new name is a patronym in honor of Buntika Areekul-Butcher, author of the species formerly called Aleiodes (Hemigyroneuron) bakeri.
Holotype, female (
Paratypes. 1 female (
Body length 7.6–9.4 mm. Fore wing length 7.0–8.6 mm.
Head. In dorsal view eye length/temple 3.4–4.5. Eye height/head width 0.38–0.43. Eye height/minimum distance between eyes 1.1–1.3. OD/POL 3.0–5.0. OD/OOL 3.1–4.2. Frons excavated. Frons lateral carina present. Occipital carina dorsally complete, weakly curved. Occiput in dorsal view nearly straight, not indented medially. Occipital carina ventrally nearly touching hypostomal carina, or meeting hypostomal carina. Mid-longitudinal crest at upper face present. Hypoclypeal depression/face width 0.36–0.42. Malar space/eye height 0.11–0.19. Face height/width 0.8–0.9. Clypeus height/width 0.6–0.7. Clypeus convex, granulate. Sculpture of head shiny granular-coriaceous. Face transversely rugose-striate, medially granular-coriaceous below crest.
Antenna. Antennal segments 58–67. Antenna/body length 1.1–1.2. Scape/pedicel length 2.3–2.9. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.0–1.2. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.1–1.3. Tip of apical segment of antenna pointed.
Mesosoma. Length/height 1.47–1.51. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.7–0.8. Mesoscutum length/width 1.0–1.2. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.5–0.7. Prescutellar sulcus with 3–5 distinct carinae. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with mid-longitudinal carina complete, connecting to a carinate pit posteriorly. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum complete, or nearly complete. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron without sulcus anteriorly, shallow smooth sulcus present posteriorly; pit at ventral mid-line absent. Notauli weakly indicated anteriorly, indistinctly crenulate. Sternaulus absent. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Pronotum rugose laterally, granulate ventrally, pronotal groove crenulate anteriorly, short subventral longitudinal carina present. Mesopleuron mostly rugose. Subalar groove sparsely crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose, with irregularly carinate notauli. Mesoscutellar trough entirely costate. Metanotum mostly smooth, with one or two pairs of lateral carinae. Propodeum mostly granulate, rugose posteriorly.
Wings. Fore wing: Stigma length/height 3.6–3.8. Vein r/2RS 1.3–1.6. Vein r/RS+Mb 1.4–1.7. Vein 3RSa/2RS 1.1–1.3. Vein 3RSa/2M 0.76–0.85. Vein 3RSa/3RSb 0.24–0.29. Vein 1CUa/1CUb 0.45–0.60. Vein 1CUa/2CUa 0.9–1.1. Vein 1cu-a vertical. Vein 1M weakly curved basally, or nearly straight. Vein RS+Ma virtually straight. Vein M+CU weakly sinuate. Vein 1-1A strongly sinuate. Vein 1-1A distinctly changing thickness along apical half. Vein 1a absent. Second submarginal cell short and trapezoidal. Subbasal cell glabrous, with a narrow patch of setae subapically just below vein 1CUa. Basal cell with more or less large glabrous region posteriorly, sometimes with sparse setae; costal and apical regions evenly setose. Hind wing: Vein RS bent at basal 0.3, with vein r present. Marginal cell narrowest at base. Vein M+CU/1M 1.3–1.6. Vein M+CU/r-m 1.2–1.4. Vein m-cu present, partly tubular. Vein m-cu position relative to vein r-m interstitial, or antefurcal. Vein 2-1A absent. Basal cell sparsely setose, bare posteriorly.
Hind legs. Femur length/width 4.5–5.0. Length of tibia/tarsi 0.9–1.0. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 0.7–0.8. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally mostly shiny granular-coriaceous, finely striate apically. Tarsal claws not pectinate.
Metasoma. T1 length/apical width 1.0–1.2. T2 length/apical width 0.6–0.8. T3 length/apical width 0.5–0.7. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until basal 0.5 or 0.7 of T3. Metasoma sculpture T1 rugose, T2 and most of T3 striate-rugose, sculpture weaker at T3, remainder terga granular-coriaceous. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus 0.36–0.56. Apex of ovipositor sheaths truncate; apical point very short, not distinctly visible in some paratypes.
Color. Brownish yellow or pale honey yellow. Antenna dark brown basally, gradually lightening toward brown or brownish yellow apex. Legs with same color as body, rarely hind femur mostly dark brown. Wings tinged brown, stigma and most veins light brown; fore wing veins 1M, 1CU, apex of 1-1A, 2CUb medially, r, and veins of second submarginal cell dark brown. Ovipositor sheaths dark brown.
Male. The only male paratype is very similar to the females with dark brown hind femur. Body length 7.8 mm; fore wing length 6.7 mm; antenna with 44 antennomeres.
Aleiodes barrosi is similar to A. joaquimi in that both species have the first subdiscal cell relatively long and widening apically (Figs
Known from localities in Brazil, Costa Rica, and Peru.
The name is a patronym for Marina Moraes Barros Lutz, one of the collectors of the holotype specimen.
Holotype, female (
Paratypes. 3 females, 4 male (
Body length 7.8–8.1 mm. Fore wing length 6.4–7.0 mm.
Head. In dorsal view eye length/temple 3.9–4.1. Eye height/head width 0.41. Eye height/minimum distance between eyes 1.2–1.3. OD/POL 3.7–5.0. OD/OOL 3.1–4.2. Frons excavated. Frons lateral carina present. Occipital carina dorsally complete and nearly straight. Occiput in dorsal view nearly straight, not indented medially. Occipital carina ventrally meeting hypostomal carina. Mid-longitudinal crest at upper face present. Hypoclypeal depression/face width 0.35–0.37. Malar space/eye height 0.16–0.17. Face height/width 0.72–0.77. Clypeus height/width 0.63–0.73. Clypeus convex, granulate. Sculpture of head shiny granular-coriaceous. Face transversely rugose-striate around median crest.
Antenna. Antennal segments 55–56. Antenna/body length 1.1. Scape/pedicel length 2.0–2.1. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.2–1.3. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.7–1.8. Tip of apical segment of antenna pointed.
Mesosoma. Length/height 1.5–1.6. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.73–0.75. Mesoscutum length/width 1.0–1.1. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.7–0.8. Prescutellar sulcus with complete mid-longitudinal carina, and 2–4 pairs of rather incomplete carinae laterally. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with mid-longitudinal carina complete, connecting to a carinate pit posteriorly. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum present at basal 0.5 or less. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron set within shallow smooth sulcus; pit at ventral mid-line absent. Notauli weakly indicated anteriorly, indistinctly crenulate. Sternaulus absent. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Pronotum rugose laterally, pronotal groove sparsely crenulate anteriorly, short subventral longitudinal carina present. Mesopleuron mostly rugose. Subalar groove crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose, with irregular mid-longitudinal carina and a pair of irregular carinae along notauli. Mesoscutellar trough entirely costate. Metanotum mostly smooth and weakly crenulate, costate laterally. Propodeum mostly rugose.
Wings
(Figs
Hind legs. Femur length/width 4.8–5.5. Length of tibia/tarsi ~ 0.9. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 0.65–0.75. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally granulate. Tarsal claws not pectinate.
Metasoma. T1 length/apical width 1.3–1.4. T2 length/apical width 0.8–1.0. T3 length/apical width 0.5–0.6. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until near apex of T3. Metasoma sculpture T1 rugose, T2 and most of T3 striate-rugose, sculpture weaker at T3, T4 granular-coriaceous, remainder of metasoma smooth. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus ~ 0.37. Apex of ovipositor sheaths truncate; apical point absent.
Color
(Figs
Male. Essentially as in female except body length 7.0–8.1 mm; fore wing length 6.0–6.8 mm; antenna with 51–53.
Aleiodes brevicarina is one of a small group of species with similarly colored, distinctively banded hind legs (Fig.
Known only from type locality at Canchim Farm (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste), São Paulo state, Brazil.
The name brevicarina is Latin for short ridge, being a reference to the short median carina on the propodeum in this species.
Holotype, female (
Paratypes. 1 female (
Body length 7.5–9.2 mm. Fore wing length 6.7–7.7 mm.
Head
(Fig.
Antenna. Antennal segments 57–59. Antenna/body length 1.3. Scape/pedicel length 2.2–2.5. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.1. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.5–1.6. Tip of apical segment of antenna pointed.
Mesosoma. Length/height ~ 1.7. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.7. Mesoscutum length/width ~ 1.0. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.8. Prescutellar sulcus with 5–7 distinct carinae. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with mid-longitudinal carina complete, connecting to a carinate pit posteriorly, or carina bisecting posterior pit, although weaker posteriorly. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum complete, or nearly complete. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron without sulcus anteriorly, shallow smooth sulcus present posteriorly; pit at ventral mid-line absent. Notauli weakly indicated anteriorly, indistinctly crenulate. Sternaulus weakly indicated anteriorly, rugose. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Metapleuron rugose posteriorly. Pronotum rugose laterally, pronotal groove sparsely crenulate anteriorly, short subventral longitudinal carina present. Mesopleuron rugose below subalar groove. Subalar groove crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose, with a short mid-longitudinal carina posteriorly. Mesoscutellar trough entirely costate. Metanotum costate, or mostly smooth and weakly crenulate. Propodeum mostly rugose.
Wings
(Fig.
Hind legs. Femur length/width 5.0–5.3. Length of tibia/tarsi 0.85–0.95. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 0.75. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally shiny granular-coriaceous. Tarsal claws not pectinate.
Metasoma. T1 length/apical width 1.1–1.2. T2 length/apical width 0.8–0.9. T3 length/apical width 0.65. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until basal 0.7 of T3. Metasoma sculpture T1 rugose, T2 and most of T3 striate-rugose, sculpture weaker at T3, remainder terga granular-coriaceous. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus 0.3–0.5. Apex of ovipositor sheaths truncate; apical point absent.
Color. Body entirely brownish yellow, including palpi and tegula. Antenna dark brown basally, gradually lightening toward light brown apex. All three femora apically dark brown, dark region larger at hind femur. Wings tinged yellow; most veins yellow, except vein 1M basally and 1CUa dark brown, apex of 1-1A brown, and veins r, 2RS, 3RS, 2M and part of 2CUb light brown; distinct infuscate spot around vein 1M, more faintly infuscate areas around veins r and 2CUa, and bellow apex of vein 1-1A; stigma varying from entirely yellow to mostly dark brown expect basal 0.3 yellow. Ovipositor sheaths dark brown.
Male. Essentially as in female with stigma mostly dark brown, although dark spot at stigma smaller. Body length 8.0–8.6 mm; fore wing 6.7–7.0 mm; antenna with 61 segments.
Aleiodes coariensis is the only species in the A. bakeri species subgroup with all femora at least partially marked with dark brown color (Fig.
This species is known from localities in Brazil and Peru (Amazonian region).
The name coariensis refers to the municipality of Coari, in Amazonas State in northwestern Brazil, the type-locality of this species.
Holotype, female (
Paratypes. 5 females (
Body length 7.2–8.8 mm. Fore wing length 6.3–7.6 mm.
Head. In dorsal view eye length/temple 3.6–3.8. Eye height/head width 0.39–0.43. Eye height/minimum distance between eyes 1.1–1.3. OD/POL 2.6–2.8. OD/OOL 3.2–3.5. Frons excavated. Frons lateral carina present. Occipital carina dorsally complete and curved. Occiput in dorsal view weakly indented medially. Occipital carina ventrally meeting hypostomal carina. Mid-longitudinal crest at upper face present. Hypoclypeal depression/face width 0.34–0.38. Malar space/eye height 0.16–0.17. Face height/width 0.7. Clypeus height/width ~ 0.6. Clypeus convex, granulate. Sculpture of head mostly granulate, vertex granular-rugose, frons shiny granular-coriaceous. Face mostly transversely rugose-striate, granulate medially.
Antenna. Antennal segments 54–61. Antenna/body length 1.1. Scape/pedicel length 2.4–2.6. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.2–1.3. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.3–1.5. Tip of apical segment of antenna pointed.
Mesosoma. Length/height 1.56–1.67. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.67–0.70. Mesoscutum length/width 1.2. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.7. Prescutellar sulcus with complete mid-longitudinal carina, and 2–4 pairs of rather incomplete carinae laterally. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with mid-longitudinal carina complete, connecting to a carinate pit posteriorly, sometimes bisecting posterior pit. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum present at basal 0.8, or complete. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron set within shallow smooth sulcus; pit at ventral mid-line present, shallow. Notauli weakly indicated anteriorly, indistinctly crenulate. Sternaulus absent. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Pronotum rugose laterally, pronotal groove curvedly crenulate anteriorly, short subventral longitudinal carina present. Mesopleuron mostly rugose. Subalar groove crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose with long and irregular mid-longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellar trough costate near scutellum. Metanotum mostly smooth, with one or two pairs of lateral carinae. Propodeum mostly rugose.
Wings. Fore wing: Stigma length/height 3.2–3.6. Vein r/2RS 1.5. Vein r/RS+Mb 1.4–1.5. Vein 3RSa/2RS 1.4–1.5. Vein 3RSa/2M 0.8. Vein 3RSa/3RSb 0.31–0.34. Vein 1CUa/1CUb 0.8–0.9. Vein 1CUa/2CUa 1.6–1.7. Vein 1cu-a inclivous. Vein 1M weakly curved basally. Vein RS+Ma distinctly curved. Vein M+CU virtually straight. Vein 1-1A sinuate. Vein 1a absent. Second submarginal cell short and trapezoidal. Subbasal cell glabrous, with two parallel rows of short setae subapically, and a narrow patch of setae just below vein 1CUa. Basal cell with more or less large glabrous region posteriorly, sometimes with sparse setae; costal and apical regions evenly setose. Hind wing: Vein RS bent at basal 0.3, with vein r present. Marginal cell narrowest at base. Vein M+CU/1M 1.6–1.7. Vein M+CU/r-m 1.4. Vein m-cu present, spectral. Vein m-cu position relative to vein r-m interstitial, or antefurcal. Vein 2-1A absent. Basal cell sparsely setose, bare posteriorly.
Hind legs. Femur length/width 4.7–4.8. Length of tibia/tarsi ~ 1.0. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 0.75. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally granulate. Tarsal claws not pectinate.
Metasoma. T1 length/apical width ~ 1.1. T2 length/apical width 0.75. T3 length/apical width 0.6. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until basal 0.5 of T3. Metasoma sculpture T1 rugose, T2 and most of T3 striate-rugose, sculpture weaker at T3, remainder terga granular-coriaceous. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus 0.1–0.2. Apex of ovipositor sheaths truncate; apical point absent.
Color. Brownish orange. Stemmaticum black. Antenna dark brown basally, gradually lightening toward brownish yellow apex; pedicel dark brown; scape dark brown, ventrally yellow. Wings weakly tinged yellow; stigma and most veins yellow but veins 1M at basal 0.7, 1CUa, apex of 1-1A and of 2CUb, and sometimes vein r brown to dark brown; infuscate areas around base of vein 1M and below apex of vein 1-1A. Ovipositor sheaths dark brown.
Male. Unknown
Aleiodes goiasensis is similar to A. nigristemmaticum (Enderlein) but differs by having the fore wing vein r distinctly longer than 2RS (Fig.
Aleiodes goiasensis is known only from central Brazil.
The name refers to Goiás, a state in mid-west Brazil, and the type locality for this new species.
Holotype, female (
Paratype data: 1 female (
Body length 6.5–8.1 mm. Fore wing length 5.6–6.2 mm.
Head
(Figs
Antenna. Antennal segments 52–54. Antenna/body length 1.1–1.2. Scape/pedicel length 2.3–2.6. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.0–1.2. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.5–1.6. Tip of apical segment of antenna pointed, or nipple-shaped.
Mesosoma. Length/height ~ 1.6. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.7–0.8. Mesoscutum length/width ~ 1.1. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.9. Prescutellar sulcus with complete mid-longitudinal carina plus two or three pairs of lateral carinae more or less defined, or entirely costate, lateral carina oblique and nearly reaching anterior border. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with complete mid-longitudinal carina, sometimes interrupted at middle; carinate posterior pit sometimes bisected by carina. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum nearly complete. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron set within shallow smooth sulcus; pit at ventral mid-line present, shallow. Notauli weakly indicated anteriorly, indistinctly crenulate. Sternaulus weakly indicated anteriorly, rugose. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Pronotum granulate-rugose laterally, pronotal groove curvedly crenulate anteriorly, short subventral longitudinal carina present. Mesopleuron rugose below subalar groove. Subalar groove crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose, with a short mid-longitudinal carina posteriorly. Mesoscutellar trough entirely costate. Metanotum costate. Propodeum mostly rugose.
Wings
(Figs
Hind legs. Femur length/width 5.0–5.3. Length of tibia/tarsi 0.9–1.0. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 0.70–0.75. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally shiny granulate, apically striate. Tarsal claws not pectinate.
Metasoma.
T1 length/apical width 1.1–1.2. T2 length/apical width 0.7–0.9. T3 length/apical width 0.5–0.6. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until basal 0.7 of T3. Metasoma sculpture T1, T2 and basal 0.7 of T3 rugose-costate, or sculpture weaker at T3, remainder terga granular-coriaceous. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus 0.3–0.5. Apex of ovipositor sheaths roughly rounded with distinct apical point (Fig.
Color. Brownish yellow. Stemmaticum black. Antenna with basal 14–16 flagellomeres black, apical segments yellow; pedicel black; scape black, ventrally brownish yellow. Wings weakly tinged yellow; stigma pale yellow, most veins yellow but veins 1M at basal half, apex of 2CUb, and sometimes vein r brown; faint infuscate areas around base of vein 1M and below apex of vein 1-1A. Ovipositor sheaths dark brown.
Male. Essentially as in female, 10–16 black basal flagellomeres. Body length 6.6–7.3 mm; fore wing length 5.4–5.6 mm; antenna with 50 segments.
Aleiodes gonodontivorus resembles A. nigristemmaticum (Enderlein) but is readily recognizable by the distinctly and abruptly contrasting bicolored antenna (Fig.
Parasitoids of caterpillars of Gonodonta bidens (Geyer) [8-SRNP-57556, 57558], G. correcta Walker [06-SRNP-32931], G. fulvangula (Geyer) [4-SRNP-22853; 7-SRNP-21855, 5691557169; 8-SRNP-21738, 21742, 21758, 21975, 21980, 56740, 56870, 56872, 56881, 56966], G. immacula (Guenée) [8-SRNP-58906; 90-SRNP-1226], G. incurva (Sepp) [2-SRNP-15182; 5-SRNP-57663; 6-SRNP-22766, 33504; 7-SRNP-55235, 55246, 55995; 8-SRNP-21657, 21658; 94-SRNP-6152], G. maria (Guenée) [7-SRNP-56881], G. nitidimacula Guenée, G. pyrgo (Cramer) [2-SRNP-16752], and G. uxor (Cramer) [6-SRNP-32956] (Erebidae, Calpinae), which feed on species of Piper (Piperaceae), Annona (Annonaceae) and on Ocotea veraguensis (Lauraceae).
Aleiodes gonodontivorus is known from localities in Costa Rica and Brazil.
The name is from Gonodonta Hubner, 1818 (a genus of moths in the family Erebidae and a recorded host for this new species), and the Latin word vorus meaning to eat or devour.
Holotype, female (
Paratypes. 1 female (
Body length 5.8–8.3 mm. Fore wing length 5.0–6.9 mm.
Head. In dorsal view eye length/temple 4.6–6.0. Eye height/head width 0.41–0.43. Eye height/minimum distance between eyes 1.3–1.4. OD/POL 2.0–3.6. OD/OOL 3.7–9.0. Frons excavated. Frons lateral carina weakly indicated. Occipital carina dorsally complete, weakly curved. Occiput in dorsal view nearly straight, not indented medially. Occipital carina ventrally meeting hypostomal carina. Mid-longitudinal crest at upper face present. Hypoclypeal depression/face width 0.33–0.36. Malar space/eye height 0.15–0.19. Face height/width 0.72–0.77. Clypeus height/width 0.6–0.7. Clypeus convex, granulate. Sculpture of head mostly granular-coriaceous, vertex granular-rugose, frons shiny granular-coriaceous. Face transversely rugose-striate, medially granular-coriaceous below crest.
Antenna. Antennal segments 47–54. Antenna/body length 1.1. Scape/pedicel length 1.8–2.1. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.1–1.2. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.6–1.7. Tip of apical segment of antenna nipple-shaped.
Mesosoma. Length/height 1.5–1.6. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.68–0.78. Mesoscutum length/width 1.0–1.1. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.67–0.75. Prescutellar sulcus with complete mid-longitudinal carina, and a few irregular and incomplete carinae laterally. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with mid-longitudinal carina complete, connecting to a carinate pit posteriorly, or with complete mid-longitudinal carina, sometimes interrupted at middle. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum present and basal 0.5 or less, or nearly complete. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron set within shallow smooth sulcus. Pit at ventral mid-line present, or weakly indicated. Notauli weakly indicated anteriorly, indistinctly crenulate. Sternaulus absent. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Pronotum granulate ventrally, pronotal groove mostly crenulate, short subventral longitudinal carina present. Mesopleuron mostly rugose. Subalar groove crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose, with a short mid-longitudinal carina posteriorly. Mesoscutellar trough costate near scutellum. Metanotum mostly smooth and weakly crenulate. Propodeum mostly rugose.
Wings.
Fore wing (Fig.
Hind legs. Femur length/width 4.4–4.8. Length of tibia/tarsi ~ 0.9. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 ~ 0.7. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally granulate. Tarsal claws not pectinate.
Metasoma. T1 length/apical width 1.1–1.2. T2 length/apical width 0.75–0.80. T3 length/apical width 0.45–0.60. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until basal 0.7 of T3. Metasoma sculpture T1 rugose, T2 and most of T3 striate-rugose, remainder terga granular-coriaceous. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus 0.42–0.54. Apex of ovipositor sheaths truncate, without apical point.
Color
(Fig.
Male. Essentially as in female. Body length 5.9–6.8 mm; fore wing length 4.9–5.7 mm; antenna with 45–51 segments.
Aleiodes hyalinus is most similar to A. santarosensis, but its wings are entirely subhyaline with all veins honey yellow to light brown, without distinct darker regions (Fig.
Aleiodes hyalinus is known only from localities in Brazil.
The name hyalinus is Latin for glass-like or clear being a reference to the lack of coloration in the wings of this species.
Holotype data: Female (
Paratype: 1 female (pinned) with same data as holotype except database code number as follows: 07-SRNP-42756, DHJPAR0023529 [BOLD ID: replace: ASHYM281-08; additional data: Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Puente Rio Negro, 10.904 -85.303, 340 m, ex. Rosema deolis (Notodontinae), 15.xi.2007, J. Perez col.] (
Body length 6.6–6.7 mm. Fore wing length 5.3–5.5 mm.
Head
(Fig.
Antenna. Antennal segments 51–54. Antenna/body length 1.1–1.2. Scape/pedicel length 2.1–2.4. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.1. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.6. Tip of apical segment of antenna pointed.
Mesosoma. Length/height 1.6–1.7. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.66–0.69. Mesoscutum length/width ~ 1.1. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.78–0.83. Prescutellar sulcus with complete mid-longitudinal carina, and a few irregular and incomplete carinae laterally. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with mid-longitudinal carina complete, connecting to a carinate pit posteriorly, sometimes bisecting posterior pit. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum nearly complete. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron without sulcus anteriorly, shallow smooth sulcus present posteriorly; pit at ventral mid-line weakly indicated. Notauli weakly indicated anteriorly, indistinctly crenulate. Sternaulus weakly indicated anteriorly, rugose. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Pronotum with pronotal groove mostly crenulate, short subventral longitudinal carina present. Mesopleuron rugose below subalar groove. Subalar groove sparsely crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose. Mesoscutellar trough entirely costate. Metanotum mostly smooth, with one or two pairs of lateral carinae. Propodeum mostly rugose.
Wings. Fore wing: Stigma length/height 3.5–3.7. Vein r/2RS 1.1–1.3. Vein r/RS+Mb 1.2–1.3. Vein 3RSa/2RS 1.9–2.0. Vein 3RSa/2M 0.83. Vein 3RSa/3RSb 0.5. Vein 1CUa/1CUb 0.8–0.9. Vein 1CUa/2CUa 1.8–1.9. Vein 1cu-a nearly vertical. Vein 1M weakly curved basally. Vein RS+Ma weakly curved. Vein M+CU virtually straight. Vein 1-1A weakly sinuate at apex. Vein 1a absent. Second submarginal cell long and trapezoidal. Subbasal cell glabrous, with two parallel rows of short setae subapically, and a narrow patch of setae just below vein 1CUa. Basal cell mostly evenly setose, sparsely setose posteriorly, with a bare spot posteriorly. Hind wing: Vein RS bent at basal 0.3, with vein r present. Marginal cell narrowest at base. Vein M+CU/1M 1.4–1.6. Vein M+CU/r-m 1.4–1.5. Vein m-cu present, spectral. Vein m-cu position relative to vein r-m antefurcal. Vein 2-1A absent. Basal cell sparsely setose, bare posteriorly.
Hind legs. Femur length/width 4.3–4.4. Length of tibia/tarsi ~ 0.9. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 0.70–0.75. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally granulate. Tarsal claws not pectinate.
Metasoma. T1 length/apical width 1.2–1.3. T2 length/apical width 0.85. T3 length/apical width 0.60–0.65. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until basal 0.5 of T3. Metasoma sculpture T1 rugose, T2 and most of T3 striate-rugose, remainder terga granular-coriaceous. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus 0.3. Apex of ovipositor sheaths truncate; apical point absent.
Color.
(Figs
Male. Essentially as in female. Body length 6.5–6.7 mm; fore wing 5.2 mm; antenna with 51–52 segments.
Aleiodes inga is unique within the subgroup in having the fore wing vein r longer than 2RS and much shorter than 3RSa, the second submarginal cell rectangular and comparatively long (Fig.
The most common host caterpillar for this species is Helia argentipes (Walker) (Erebidae, Erebinae) [7-SRNP-42758, 42751, 42801, 42836], but there are also records from Epitausa dilina (Herrich-Schäffer) (Erebidae, Eulepidotinae) [7-SRNP-34415], feeding on Inga edulis and I. oerstediana (Fabaceae), and Letis mycerina (Cramer) [10-SRNP-65094] (Erebidae) feeding on Inga oerstediana. A database record from caterpillars of the Área de Conservación Guanacaste (http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu) of Rosema deolis (Cramer) (Notodontidae) [7-SRNP-42756] is refuted based on the morphology of the accompanying mummy.
This species is only known from northwest Costa Rica.
The name is a reference to Inga, a genus of small tropical trees in the Fabaceae family and the recorded host plant for some Erebidae host caterpillars of this new species.
Holotype, female (
Paratype, female (
Body length 8.6–9.0 mm. Fore wing length 7.0–7.2 mm.
Head. In dorsal view eye length/temple 4.1. Eye height/head width 0.39–0.43. Eye height/minimum distance between eyes 1.1–1.3. OD/POL 3.2–3.4. OD/OOL 2.6–3.4. Frons excavated. Frons lateral carina present in addition to W-shaped carina. Occipital carina dorsally complete and curved. Occiput in dorsal view weakly indented medially. Occipital carina ventrally nearly touching hypostomal carina. Mid-longitudinal crest at upper face present. Hypoclypeal depression/face width 0.4. Malar space/eye height 0.11–0.14. Face height/width 0.85. Clypeus height/width 0.69. Clypeus convex, granulate. Sculpture of head shiny granular-coriaceous. Face transversely rugose-striate, medially granular-coriaceous below crest.
Antenna. Antenna with 59 antennomeres. Antenna/body length 1.0–1.1. Scape/pedicel length 2.5. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.1. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.1. Tip of apical flagellomere pointed.
Mesosoma. Length/height 1.45–1.50. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.7–0.8. Mesoscutum length/width ~ 1.0. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.6–0.7. Prescutellar sulcus with complete mid-longitudinal carina, and a few irregular and incomplete carinae laterally. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with mid-longitudinal carina complete, connecting to a carinate pit posteriorly. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum complete. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron smooth, without distinct sulcus; pit at ventral mid-line weakly indicated. Notauli weakly indicated anteriorly, indistinctly crenulate. Sternaulus absent. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Pronotum pronotal groove strongly crenulate anteriorly, short subventral longitudinal carina present. Mesopleuron mostly rugose. Subalar groove crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose with long and irregular mid-longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellar trough entirely costate. Metanotum mostly smooth, with one or two pairs of lateral carinae. Propodeum mostly rugose.
Wings.
Fore wing: Stigma length/height 3.3–3.5. Vein r/2RS 1.6. Vein r/RS+Mb 1.4–1.5. Vein 3RSa/2RS 1.2–1.3. Vein 3RSa/2M 0.71–0.75. Vein 3RSa/3RSb 0.24. Vein 1CUa/1CUb 0.6. Vein 1CUa/2CUa 1.1–1.2. Vein 1cu-a vertical. Vein 1M weakly, evenly curved. Vein RS+Ma virtually straight. Vein M+CU weakly sinuate. Vein 1-1A strongly sinuate. Vein 1a absent. Second submarginal cell short and trapezoidal. Subbasal cell glabrous, with a row of setae just below vein 1CUa and a row of setae apically just above vein 1-1A. Basal cell with more or less large glabrous region posteriorly, sometimes with sparse setae; costal and apical regions evenly setose. Hind wing: Vein RS bent at basal 0.3, with vein r present. Marginal cell narrowest at base. Vein M+CU/1M 1.6. Vein M+CU/r-m 1.4–1.5. Vein m-cu present and pigmented, although not tubular. Vein m-cu position relative to vein r-m interstitial. Vein 2-1A present, although very short (Fig.
Hind legs. Femur length/width 4.8–5.3. Length of tibia/tarsi ~ 1.0. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 ~ 0.8. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally granulate. Tarsal claws not pectinate.
Metasoma. T1 length/apical width ~ 1.2. T2 length/apical width 0.7. T3 length/apical width 0.55. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until T2 or basal 0.5 of T3. Metasoma sculpture: T1–2 rugose-striate, T3 granulate, remainder metasoma smooth. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus 0.5–0.6. Apex of ovipositor sheaths roughly rounded; apical point present, although very short.
Color
(Figs
Male. Unknown
Aleiodes joaquimi differs from similar species with banded hind legs by its deep reddish brown color (Figs
The Atlantic Forest in Bahia and Rio de Janeiro states in Brazil
The name is an honorary patronym for Luiz A. Joaquim, one of the collectors of the holotype specimen.
Holotype, female (
Paratypes, 1 female (
Body length 6.7–7.8 mm. Fore wing length 6.5–7.0 mm.
Head
(Figs
Antenna. Antennal segments 53–56. Antenna/body length 1.2. Scape/pedicel length 1.9–2.0. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.1–1.2. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.3–1.5. Tip of apical segment of antenna pointed.
Mesosoma. Length/height 1.7–1.8. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.7. Mesoscutum length/width 1.2. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.8. Prescutellar sulcus with 3–5 distinct carinae. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with mid-longitudinal carina complete, connecting to a carinate pit posteriorly, carina bisecting posterior pit, although weaker posteriorly. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum present at basal 0.7, absent posteriorly, or nearly complete. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron set within shallow smooth sulcus; pit at ventral mid-line present, shallow. Notauli weakly indicated anteriorly, indistinctly crenulate. Sternaulus weakly indicated anteriorly, rugose. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Metapleuron rugose posteriorly. Pronotum rugose laterally, pronotal groove sparsely crenulate anteriorly, short subventral longitudinal carina present. Mesopleuron rugose below subalar groove. Subalar groove crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose, with a short mid-longitudinal carina posteriorly. Mesoscutellar trough entirely costate. Metanotum mostly smooth, with one or two pairs of lateral carinae. Propodeum mostly rugose.
Wings. Fore wing: Stigma length/height 3.3. Vein r/2RS 1.2–1.4. Vein r/RS+Mb 1.3–1.4. Vein 3RSa/2RS ~ 1.7. Vein 3RSa/2M 0.86–0.88. Vein 3RSa/3RSb 0.40–0.44. Vein 1CUa/1CUb 1.0. Vein 1CUa/2CUa 1.7–1.9. Vein 1cu-a weakly inclivous. Vein 1M weakly curved basally. Vein RS+Ma distinctly curved. Vein M+CU virtually straight. Vein 1-1A nearly straight. Vein 1a absent. Second submarginal cell trapezoidal. Subbasal cell glabrous, with two parallel rows of short setae subapically, a row of setae just below of vein 1CUa and M+CU apically, plus a row of setae apically just above vein 1-1A. Basal cell mostly glabrous, setose below costal vein and around dark spot near vein 1M. Hind wing: Vein RS bent at basal 0.3, with vein r present. Marginal cell narrowest at base. Vein M+CU/1M 1.3–1.4. Vein M+CU/r-m 1.2. Vein m-cu present, spectral. Vein m-cu position relative to vein r-m antefurcal. Vein 2-1A absent. Basal cell sparsely setose, bare posteriorly.
Hind legs. Femur length/width 4.8–5.0. Length of tibia/tarsi 0.96. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 ~ 0.7. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally shiny granular-coriaceous. Tarsal claws not pectinate.
Metasoma.
T1 length/apical width 1.0–1.1. T2 length/apical width 0.7–0.9. T3 length/apical width 0.5–0.6. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until basal 0.7 of T3. Metasoma sculpture T1 rugose, T2 and most of T3 striate-rugose, sculpture weaker at T3, remainder terga granular-coriaceous. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus 0.3–0.5. Apex of ovipositor sheaths roughly rounded; apical point present, distinct (Fig.
Color
(Figs
Male. Essentially as in female. Body length 6.8 mm; fore wing length 5.6 mm; antenna broken.
Aleiodes lidiae is most similar to A. gonodontivorus, but differing by having the hind femur mostly dark brown (Fig.
This species in known only from localities in Peru.
The name is an honorary patronym for our friend and fellow braconidologist, Lidia Sulca.
Holotype, female (
Paratypes. 2 females (
Body length 6.9–7.5 mm. Fore wing length 6.1–6.8 mm.
Head. In dorsal view eye length/temple 3.3–3.6. Eye height/head width 0.39–0.43. Eye height/minimum distance between eyes 1.1–1.2. OD/POL 2.0–2.7. OD/OOL 2.0–2.2. Frons weakly excavated. Frons lateral carina absent, or very weakly indicated. Occipital carina dorsally incomplete. Occiput in dorsal view nearly straight, not indented medially. Occipital carina not curved toward ocelli. Occipital carina ventrally meeting hypostomal carina. Mid-longitudinal crest at upper face present. Hypoclypeal depression/face width 0.31–0.35. Malar space/eye height 0.21–0.23. Face height/width 0.70–0.75. Clypeus height/width 0.63–0.69. Clypeus convex, granulate. Sculpture of head shiny granular-coriaceous. Face transversely rugose-striate, medially granular-coriaceous below crest.
Antenna. Antennal segments 51–53. Antenna/body length 1.2. Scape/pedicel length 2.5–2.6. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.1–1.3. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.6–1.7. Tip of apical segment of antenna pointed.
Mesosoma. Length/height ~ 1.6. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.72–0.77. Mesoscutum length/width 1.0–1.1. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.7–0.8. Prescutellar sulcus with complete mid-longitudinal carina, and a few irregular and incomplete carinae laterally. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with complete mid-longitudinal carina, sometimes interrupted at middle. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum complete, sometimes irregular apically. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron without sulcus anteriorly, shallow smooth sulcus present posteriorly; pit at ventral mid-line absent. Notauli weakly indicated anteriorly, indistinctly crenulate. Sternaulus weakly indicated anteriorly, rugose. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Pronotum mostly smooth, granulate ventrally, pronotal groove entirely crenulate. Mesopleuron rugose below subalar groove. Subalar groove crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose, with a short mid-longitudinal carina posteriorly. Mesoscutellar trough weakly costate laterally. Metanotum mostly smooth, with one or two pairs of lateral carinae. Propodeum mostly granulate, rugose posteriorly.
Wings. Fore wing: Stigma length/height 3.5–3.8. Vein r/2RS 0.75–0.85. Vein r/RS+Mb 1.0–1.2. Vein 3RSa/2RS 1.7–1.8. Vein 3RSa/2M 0.86–0.94. Vein 3RSa/3RSb 0.43–0.48. Vein 1CUa/1CUb 0.9–1.1. Vein 1CUa/2CUa 1.65–1.75. Vein 1cu-a vertical or weakly reclivous. Vein 1M nearly straight. Vein RS+Ma virtually straight. Vein M+CU virtually straight. Vein 1-1A nearly straight. Vein 1a absent. Second submarginal cell rectangular. Subbasal cell mostly glabrous, with sparse setae basally, a small setose patch at the infuscate region bellow vein 1CUa, and two or three irregular rows of short setae subapically above vein 1-1A. Basal cell evenly setose. Hind wing: Vein RS bent at basal 0.3, with vein r present. Marginal cell narrowest at base. Vein M+CU/1M 1.4–1.5. Vein M+CU/r-m 1.6–1.8. Vein m-cu present and pigmented, although not tubular. Vein m-cu position relative to vein r-m distinctly antefurcal. Vein 2-1A absent. Basal cell evenly and rather sparsely setose, with a small bare spot posteriorly.
Hind legs. Femur length/width 4.7–5.1. Length of tibia/tarsi ~ 1.0. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 0.81–0.88. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally shiny granular-coriaceous. Tarsal claws not pectinate.
Metasoma. T1 length/apical width 1.1–1.2. T2 length/apical width 0.8–0.9. T3 length/apical width 0.6–0.7. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until basal 0.5 of T3. Metasoma sculpture T1 rugose, T2 and most of T3 striate-rugose, remainder metasoma smooth. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus 0.36–0.56. Ovipositor sheaths relatively narrow and truncate at apex; apical point very short, in most specimens hardly visible.
Color
(Fig.
Male. Essentially as in females with dark stigma and apex of hind femur and tibia dark brown. Body length 7.0 mm, fore wing length 5.5 mm; antenna broken, with 33+ segments.
Aleiodes mabelae is similar to A. bakeri in having the occipital carina interrupted mid-dorsally (Fig.
Specimens collected at higher elevations (~ 900–1000 m) have the stigma and all legs yellow, while specimens from lower elevations (~ 200–500 m) have the stigma mostly dark brown, and the apex of the hind tibia and femur dark brown.
This species is known only from localities in Peru.
This species is named in honor to our friend, and fellow entomologist, Mabel Alvarado, collector of most of the type specimens of this new species.
Holotype, female (
Paratypes. 1 female (
Body length 8.0–8.1 mm. Fore wing length 6.4–6.9 mm.
Head
(Figs
Antenna. Antennal segments 55. Antenna/body length 1.1. Scape/pedicel length 2.1. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.1. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.9–2.0. Tip of apical segment of antenna nipple-shaped.
Mesosoma. Length/height ~ 1.7. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.71–0.75. Mesoscutum length/width ~ 1.1. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.7–0.9. Prescutellar sulcus with complete median carina plus 3 pairs of distinct but weaker lateral carinae. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with mid-longitudinal carina complete, connecting to a carinate pit posteriorly, bisecting the posterior pit in paratype. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum complete. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron set within shallow smooth sulcus; pit at ventral mid-line absent. Notauli weakly indicated anteriorly, indistinctly crenulate. Sternaulus absent. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Pronotum rugose laterally, short subventral longitudinal carina present. Mesopleuron mostly rugose. Subalar groove crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose, with a short mid-longitudinal carina posteriorly. Mesoscutellar trough entirely costate. Metanotum mostly smooth and weakly crenulate. Propodeum mostly rugose.
Wings. Fore wing: Stigma length/height 3.3–3.5. Vein r/2RS 1.0–1.1. Vein r/RS+Mb 1.2–1.3. Vein 3RSa/2RS 1.8–1.9. Vein 3RSa/2M 0.80–0.85. Vein 3RSa/3RSb 0.41–0.45. Vein 1CUa/1CUb 0.80–0.85. Vein 1CUa/2CUa 1.7. Vein 1cu-a weakly inclivous. Vein 1M weakly curved near middle. Vein RS+Ma sinuate. Vein M+CU virtually straight. Vein 1-1A very weakly sinuate apically. Vein 1a absent. Second submarginal cell trapezoidal. Subbasal cell glabrous, with two parallel rows of short setae subapically, and a narrow patch of setae just below vein 1CUa. Basal cell mostly setose but glabrous region just above vein M+CU. Hind wing: Vein RS Bent at basal 0.3, with vein r present. Marginal cell narrowest at base. Vein M+CU/1M 1.4–1.5. Vein M+CU/r-m 1.4. Vein m-cu present and tubular. Vein m-cu position relative to vein r-m interstitial, or antefurcal. Vein 2-1A absent. Basal cell evenly setose with a small bare spot posteriorly.
Hind legs. Femur length/width 4.8–5.0. Length of tibia/tarsi ~ 1.0. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 0.65. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally granulate. Tarsal claws pectinate basally.
Metasoma. T1 length/apical width 1.3–1.4. T2 length/apical width ~ 0.8. T3 length/apical width 0.5–0.6. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until basal 0.7 of T3. Metasoma sculpture T1 rugose, T2 and most of T3 striate-rugose, or remainder terga granular-coriaceous. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus ~ 0.4. Apex of ovipositor sheaths truncate; apical point absent.
Color
(Fig.
Male. Very similar to female but fifth tarsomeres usually dark brown. Body length 7.1–7.9 mm, fore wing length 5.8–6.3; 49–52 antennomeres.
Aleiodes maculosus can be easily distinguished by its mottled pale yellow, orange and dark brown body colors (Figs
This species is known only from localities in Brazil.
The specific epithet maculosus is Latin for dappled or spotted, a reference to the mottled color pattern in this species (Figs
Rhogas nigristemmaticum Enderlein, 1920: 156.
Aleiodes nigristemmaticum: Marsh & S.R. Shaw, 1998: 400. New combination, lectotype designation, and distribution.
Lectotype, female. Mexico, Chiapas (
In addition to the specimens studied by
Body length 5.9–7.5 mm. Fore wing length 4.8–6.3 mm.
Head. In dorsal view eye length/temple 3.0–4.0. Eye height/head width 0.39–0.44. Eye height/minimum distance between eyes 1.0–1.3. OD/POL 2.0–3.3. OD/OOL 2.0–2.8. Frons excavated. Frons lateral carina present. Occipital carina dorsally complete and nearly straight, or weakly bent mid-dorsally. Occiput in dorsal view nearly straight, not indented medially. Occipital carina ventrally meeting hypostomal carina. Mid-longitudinal crest at upper face present. Hypoclypeal depression/face width 0.33–0.36. Malar space/eye height 0.20–0.24. Face height/width 0.7–0.8. Clypeus height/width 0.7–0.8. Clypeus convex, granulate. Sculpture of head shiny granular-coriaceous. Face transversely rugose-striate at dorsal half, or mostly transversely rugose-striate, medially granular-coriaceous below crest.
Antenna. Antennal segments 51–55. Antenna/body length ~ 1.2. Scape/pedicel length 1.8–1.9. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.1–1.2. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.8–2.0. Tip of apical segment of antenna nipple-shaped.
Mesosoma. Length/height 1.7–1.8. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.6–0.7. Mesoscutum length/width 1.0–1.2. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.6–0.9. Prescutellar sulcus with complete mid-longitudinal carina plus two or three pairs or lateral carinae more or less defined. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with mid-longitudinal carina present anteriorly. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum complete or nearly complete, usually irregular posteriorly. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron set within smooth sulcus; pit at ventral mid-line absent, or weakly indicated. Notauli weakly indicated anteriorly, indistinctly crenulate. Sternaulus absent. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Pronotum mostly rugose-costate laterally, short subventral longitudinal carina present. Mesopleuron rugose centrally and anteriorly. Subalar groove sparsely crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose, with a short mid-longitudinal carina posteriorly. Mesoscutellar trough entirely costate. Metanotum mostly smooth, with one or two pairs of lateral carinae. Propodeum rugose posteriorly, or mostly rugose.
Wings. Fore wing: Stigma length/height 3.1–3.4. Vein r/2RS 0.9–1.1. Vein r/RS+Mb 1.2–1.5. Vein 3RSa/2RS 1.3–1.6. Vein 3RSa/2M 0.76–0.85. Vein 3RSa/3RSb 0.36–0.44. Vein 1CUa/1CUb 0.8–0.9. Vein 1CUa/2CUa 1.4–1.8. Vein 1cu-a weakly inclivous, or nearly vertical. Vein 1M weakly curved basally. Vein RS+Ma distinctly curved. Vein M+CU virtually straight. Vein 1-1A very weakly sinuate apically. Vein 1a absent. Second submarginal cell trapezoidal. Subbasal cell glabrous, with two parallel rows of short setae subapically, and a narrow patch of setae just below vein 1CUa, very few scattered setae may be present medially. Basal cell mostly evenly setose, sparsely setose posteriorly, with a bare spot posteriorly. Hind wing: Vein RS bent at basal 0.3, with vein r present. Marginal cell narrowest at base. Vein M+CU/1M 1.3–1.6. Vein M+CU/r-m 1.2–1.7. Vein m-cu present, spectral. Vein m-cu position relative to vein r-m antefurcal, or nearly interstitial. Vein 2-1A absent. Basal cell evenly, rather sparsely setose, posteriorly with small bare area.
Hind legs. Femur length/width 5.3–5.6. Length of tibia/tarsi 0.9–1.0. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 0.7–0.8. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally granulate. Tarsal claws not pectinate.
Metasoma. T1 length/apical width 1.1–1.3. T2 length/apical width 0.8–0.9. T3 length/apical width 0.5–0.7. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until basal 0.7 of T3. Metasoma sculpture T1, T2 and basal 0.7 of T3 rugose-costate, remainder terga granular-coriaceous. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus 0.3–0.5. Apex of ovipositor sheaths truncate; apical point absent.
Color
(Figs
Male. Essentially as in female. Body length 5.5–7.0 mm; fore wing length 4.3–5.4 mm; antenna with 48–50 segments.
Traditionally this very common and widespread species has been recognized by the predominantly yellow body color, yellow stigma, and sharply contrasting black ocellar triangle (hence the name nigristemmaticum) (Figs
Parasitoid of Mocis latipes (Guenée.) and Mocis spp (Erebidae, Erebinae), mostly feeding on grasses (Poaceae), including several crops. Additional details regarding biological information are given by
USA (Florida and Mississippi); Mexico; Honduras; Cuba; Costa Rica; Venezuela; Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Dominican Republic, Panama, Puerto Rico, Honduras, Colombia, and Suriname. Its widespread distribution may be a reflection of the distribution and pest status of the host, which feeds on grasses, as well as crops such as corn and rice. This species is recorded from Florida to Southern Brazil.
Holotype, female (UEFS #33424) “Brasil, BA, Seabra, 12°27'S, 41°44'W 15.XI.2007 Leg. Alvim, E.”
Paratypes. 2 females, 1 male (UEFS #s:33396, 33406, 33404), same as holotype; 1 male (
Body length 6.8–7.0 mm. Fore wing length 5.9–6.3 mm.
Head.
In dorsal view eye length/temple 4.2–4.5. Eye height/head width 0.43–0.45. Eye height/minimum distance between eyes 1.4–1.5. OD/POL 2.9–3.1. Ocelli exceptionally large, OD/OOL 3.7–4.6 (Fig.
Antenna. Antennal segments 54. Antenna/body length 1.3. Scape/pedicel length 2.0. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.2–1.3. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.7. Tip of apical flagellomere pointed.
Mesosoma. Length/height ~ 1.7. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.67–0.72. Mesoscutum length/width ~ 1.1. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.7–0.8. Prescutellar sulcus with 5–7 distinct carinae. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with mid-longitudinal carina present anteriorly, with carinate pit mid-posteriorly. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum present at basal 0.7, absent posteriorly. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron set within shallow smooth sulcus; pit at ventral mid-line weakly indicated. Notauli present anteriorly, shallowly and weakly crenulate. Sternaulus absent. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Pronotum rugose laterally, short subventral longitudinal carina present. Mesopleuron mostly rugose. Subalar groove crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose with long and irregular mid-longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellar trough entirely costate. Metanotum mostly smooth and weakly crenulate. Propodeum mostly rugose.
Wings
(Fig.
Hind legs. Femur length/width 4.8–5.0. Length of tibia/tarsi 0.9–1.0. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 ~ 0.7. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally mostly shiny granular-coriaceous, finely striate apically. Tarsal claws pectinate basally.
Metasoma. T1 length/apical width ~ 1.3. T2 length/apical width 0.8–1.0. T3 length/apical width 0.6–0.7. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until basal ~ 0.7 of T3. Metasoma sculpture T1, T2, and basal ~ 0.7 of T3 rugose-costate, remainder metasoma smooth. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus 0.25–0.40. Apex of ovipositor sheaths truncate and narrow; apical point absent.
Color
(Figs
Male. Essentially as in female. Body length 6.8–7.0 mm, fore wing length 5.5 mm.
Aleiodes ovatus is similar to A. brevicarina and A. maculosus in having a whitish yellow hind tibia with dark brown apex (as in Figs
This species is known only from localities in Brazil.
The name ovatus is Latin for oval or egg-shaped, being a reference to the distinctive oval marking on the fore wing in this species (Fig.
Holotype, female (
Paratypes. 4 females, 12 males (
Body length 6.8–8.3 mm. Fore wing length 6.0–6.9 mm.
Head
(Fig.
Antenna. Antennal segments 51–54. Antenna/body length 1.1–1.2. Scape/pedicel length 2.0–2.1. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.1–1.2. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.4–1.6. Tip of apical flagellomere pointed.
Mesosoma. Length/height ~ 1.6. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.7. Mesoscutum length/width 1.1–1.2. Pronotal collar/vertex 1.0–1.1. Prescutellar sulcus with 7–9 distinct carinae. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with mid-longitudinal carina complete, connecting to a carinate pit posteriorly. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum present at basal ~ 0.7, absent posteriorly. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron set within shallow smooth sulcus; pit at ventral mid-line weakly indicated. Notauli weakly indicated anteriorly, indistinctly crenulate. Sternaulus weakly indicated anteriorly, rugose. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Pronotum granulate ventrally, pronotal groove mostly crenulate, short subventral longitudinal carina present. Mesopleuron rugose below subalar groove. Subalar groove sparsely crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose, with a short mid-longitudinal carina posteriorly, with irregularly carinate notauli. Mesoscutellar trough entirely costate. Metanotum mostly smooth, with one or two pairs of lateral carinae. Propodeum mostly rugose.
Wings. Fore wing: Stigma length/height 3.3–3.4. Vein r/2RS 1.25–1.45. Vein r/RS+Mb 1.2–1.6. Vein 3RSa/2RS ~ 1.7. Vein 3RSa/2M 0.85–0.89. Vein 3RSa/3RSb ~ 0.4. Vein 1CUa/1CUb 0.8–0.9. Vein 1CUa/2CUa 1.8–1.9. Vein 1cu-a inclivous. Vein 1M weakly curved basally, or weakly, evenly curved. Vein RS+Ma distinctly curved. Vein M+CU virtually straight. Vein 1-1A weakly sinuate at apex. Vein 1a absent. Second submarginal cell trapezoidal. Subbasal cell glabrous, with two parallel rows of short setae subapically. Basal cell mostly glabrous, setose below costal vein and around dark spot near vein 1M. Hind wing: Vein RS bent at basal 0.3, with vein r present. Marginal cell narrowest at base. Vein M+CU/1M 1.6–1.8. Vein M+CU/r-m 1.4. Vein m-cu present, spectral, or partly tubular. Vein m-cu position relative to vein r-m interstitial, or antefurcal. Vein 2-1A absent. Basal cell sparsely setose, bare posteriorly.
Hind legs. Femur length/width 4.6. Length of tibia/tarsi ~ 0.9. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 ~ 0.7. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally granulate. Tarsal claws not pectinate. Metasoma. T1 length/apical width ~ 1.1. T2 length/apical width ~ 0.8. T3 length/apical width 0.5–0.6. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until basal ~ 0.7 of T3. Metasoma sculpture T1 rugose, T2 and most of T3 striate-rugose, or sculpture weaker at T3, or remainder terga granular-coriaceous. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus 0.42–0.54. Apex of ovipositor sheaths truncate; apical point absent.
Color. Brownish yellow or brownish orange. Antenna entirely brownish yellow. Legs mostly brownish orange, tibia and tarsi whitish yellow except hind tibia gradually darkening from whitish yellow basally to brownish orange apically. Wings weakly tinged yellow, vein brownish yellow except fore wing veins 1M, 1CU, apex of 1-1A, 2CUb medially, r, and veins of second submarginal cell brown or dark brown. Ovipositor sheaths dark brown.
Male. Essentially as in female. Body length 6.7–7.8 mm; fore wing length 5.3–6.0 mm; antenna with 49–52 segments.
Aleiodes santarosensis is a mainly brownish yellow species, with the whole antenna brownish yellow and whitish yellow tibia and tarsi 1–4 (Fig.
Known only from localities in northwest Costa Rica.
The name santarosensis refers to Santa Rosa National Park in Guanacaste Province of northwest Costa Rica, the type-locality of this species.
Holotype, female (
Body length 7.7 mm. Fore wing length 6.4 mm.
Head
(Fig.
Antenna. Antennal segments 30+ (antenna broken). Antenna/body length? (antenna broken). Scape/pedicel length 2.6. Length of first/second flagellomere 1.2. Fourth flagellomere length/apical width 1.7. Tip of apical segment of antenna missing.
Mesosoma. Length/height ~ 1.6. Width of mesoscutum/width of head 0.74. Mesoscutum length/width ~ 1.0. Pronotal collar/vertex 0.8. Prescutellar sulcus with entirely costate, lateral carina oblique and nearly reaching anterior border. Mesoscutum posterior border with distinct complete carina. Metanotum with complete mid-longitudinal carina, carinate posterior pit bisected by carina. Metanotum mid-pit present, delimited by carinae. Mid-longitudinal carina of propodeum present and basal 0.5 or less. Ventral mid-line of mesopleuron set within shallow smooth sulcus; pit at ventral mid-line present, shallow. Notauli present anteriorly, shallowly and weakly crenulate. Sternaulus weakly indicated anteriorly, rugose. Sculpture of mesosoma mostly granulate. Pronotum rugose laterally, pronotal groove crenulate laterally, with two parallel subventral carinae. Mesopleuron rugose below subalar groove. Subalar groove sparsely crenulate. Mid-posterior region of mesoscutum rugose, with a short mid-longitudinal carina posteriorly. Mesoscutellar trough entirely costate. Metanotum costate. Propodeum mostly rugose.
Wings. Fore wing: Stigma length/height 3.4. Vein r/2RS 1.5. Vein r/RS+Mb 1.4. Vein 3RSa/2RS 2.1. Vein 3RSa/2M 0.9. Vein 3RSa/3RSb 0.44. Vein 1CUa/1CUb 1.0. Vein 1CUa/2CUa 1.9. Vein 1cu-a nearly vertical. Vein 1M weakly curved basally. Vein RS+Ma distinctly curved. Vein M+CU virtually straight. Vein 1-1A nearly straight. Vein 1a absent. Second submarginal cell rectangular, slightly widening toward apex. Subbasal cell glabrous, with two parallel rows of short setae subapically, and a narrow patch of setae just below vein 1CUa. Basal cell with more or less large glabrous region posteriorly, sometimes with sparse setae; costal and apical regions evenly setose. Hind wing: Vein RS bent at basal 0.3, with vein r present. Marginal cell narrowest at base. Vein M+CU/1M 1.5. Vein M+CU/r-m 1.5. Vein m-cu present, spectral. Vein m-cu position relative to vein r-m just antefurcal. Vein 2-1A absent. Basal cell sparsely setose, bare posteriorly.
Hind legs. Femur length/width 5.2. Length of tibia/tarsi ~ 0.9. Length of basitarsus/tarsi 2–4 0.65. Sculpture of hind coxa dorsally mostly shiny granular-coriaceous, finely striate apically. Tarsal claws not pectinate.
Metasoma. T1 length/apical width ~ 1.2. T2 length/apical width 0.7. T3 length/apical width 0.6. Mid-longitudinal carina extending until basal 0.7 of T3. Metasoma sculpture: T1, T2 and basal 0.7 of T3 rugose-costate, sculpture weaker at T3, remainder metasoma smooth. Ovipositor sheath/hind basitarsus 0.55. Apex of ovipositor sheaths roughly rounded; apical point present, distinct.
Color
(Figs
Male. Unknown.
Aleiodes taurus is most similar to A. gonodontivorus. The main distinguishing characters are the differently shaped second submarginal cell, long and widening apically, with vein 3RSa 2.1 × longer than vein 2RS (Fig.
This species is known only from the type-locality in Brazil.
The name is from the Latin word taurus meaning bull, being a reference to the collecting locality. The holotype was collected in a forest fragment at the research station of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - EMBRAPA, formerly a farm named Fazenda Canchim, in which a breed of beef cattle was developed, the Canchim, between 1940 and 1970. This area now comprises one of the largest remaining fragments of forest in the municipality of São Carlos.
We would like to thank the curators of the following collections for the loans of specimens for this research: Andrew Bennett, Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Canada (