Research Article |
Corresponding author: M. Fernanda Lopez-Berrizbeitia ( mflopezberri@hotmail.com ) Academic editor: Pavel Stoev
© 2015 M. Fernanda Lopez-Berrizbeitia, Michael W. Hastriter, Ruben Marcos Barquez, M. Monica Diaz.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
López-Berrizbeitia MF, Hastriter MW, Barquez RM, Díaz MM (2015) A new flea of the genus Ctenidiosomus (Siphonaptera, Pygiopsyllidae) from Salta Province, Argentina. ZooKeys 512: 109-120. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.512.9713
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A new species of flea of the genus Ctenidiosomus Jordan, 1931 (Siphonaptera: Pygiopsyllidae) is described from Phyllotis osilae J. A. Allen, 1901, from Salta Province, Argentina. This is the first time that Ctenidiosomus has been recorded in Argentina. A key to species of males of Ctenidiosomus is presented.
Una nueva especie de pulga del género Ctenidiosomus Jordan, 1931 (Siphonaptera: Pygiopsyllidae) es descripta de Phyllotis osilae J. A. Allen, 1901, de la provincia de Salta, Argentina. Cabe mencionar que es la primera vez que el género Ctenidiosomus ha sido registrado en Argentina. Se ofrece una clave para los machos de las especies de Ctenidiosomus.
Ctenidiosomus austrinus , identification key, Phyllotis osilae
Ctenidiosomus is the only flea genus of the family Pygiopsyllidae (Pygiopsylloidea) that occurs in the Western Hemisphere and is restricted to South America. All others are found in the Australian Region. The current distribution of the genus Ctenidiosomus extends from Venezuela to southern Peru (
Biodiversity surveys of birds and small mammals were conducted in the Monte desert of Mountains and Isolated Valleys, in Salta Province, Argentina between 1998 and 2001. Ectoparasites were collected and results of those collections will be published elsewhere at a later date; however, a single male specimen representing a new species of Ctenidiosomus was discovered during collections in May 1999 from a male Phyllotis osilae J. A. Allen, 1901 and is described herein. Other mammals examined during May 1999 included 34 rodents [26 specimens of Akodon Meyen, 1833, four Necromys lactens (Thomas, 1918), and four Phyllotis Waterhouse, 1837] captured with Sherman live traps baited with peanut butter and oats. All rodents were subjected to a thorough post-mortem visual examination and inspected for fleas which were removed with forceps. The single flea was prepared following conventional techniques for taxonomic identification. The images were prepared using an Olympus BX61 Compound Microscope, Olympus CC12 digital camera accompanied with an Olympus Microsuite™ B3SV program in the Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, U.S.A. The landmarks used to measure the flea are described in
Holotype: ♂, Argentina, Salta Province: ~15 km W Escoipe, on Provincial road No. 33, (25°10'25.2"S; 65°49'31.6"W), 2680m (Fig.
The new species can be distinguished from all species of the genus by characteristics of the distal arm of S-IX and the clasper (basimere and telomere). These include the presence of a thick sclerotization along the dorsal margin of distal arm of S-IX (Fig.
Head (Figs
Thorax. Pronotum with comb of 23 ctenidia (both sides) preceded by three rows of setae; anterior row with three medium setae, middle with 8–9 medium setae, and main row of nine long setae plus intercalaries. Meso- and metanota with a main row of eight setae plus intercalaries (Fig.
Legs. Fore coxa with small setae scattered over surface, one distinct horizontal row of seven setae near apex, three stout anteroapical setae. Mesocoxa and hind coxa with small setae scattered on lower outer surface. Fore femora with 4–5 minute lateral setae and one long seta at femoro–tibial joint. Meso- and hind femoro–tibial joint with one short lateral and one long mesal seta. Margin of fore, meso- and hind tibiae with seven notches. Hind tibia bearing three setae (two long, one small) in penultimate notch. Long space between notch five and six, heavily sclerotized (Fig.
Unmodified Abdominal Segments. Ctenidial combs on terga II–V (T-II–V). The number of ctenidia on two sides as follows: T-II 18, T-III 20, T-IV 18, T-V 15 (Fig.
Modified Abdominal Segments. Sensilium with 18 sensilial pits. Dorsal anal lobe with three long thin setae; ventral with single long seta. (Fig.
Apex of P1 of basimere with oblique angle on the dorsocaudal margin with deep sub-tending sinus, manubrium with convex anterodorsal margin and apically narrowed. Telomere narrowing gradually to rounded apex. Distal arm of sternum nine (S-IX) distinctly widened apically, with five to six larger setae interspersed with smaller setae on apical margin; dorsal margin with broad marginal sclerotization (Fig.
Dimensions: Holotype male: 3.7 mm
The specific epithet is derived from the Latin term austrinus or “southern” because this new species represents the southern-most record of any known species of Ctenidiosomus.
The single male holotype was collected from a juvenile male specimen of the sigmodontine rodent, Phyllotis osilae, during the dry season in the month of May. Ctenidiosomus perplexus and C. rex, were recorded on sigmodontines rodents, while C. spillmanni was collected not only on sigmodontine rodents but also on Hystricomorpha rodents, and C. traubi on Caenolestes obscurus, Order Paucituberculata (
Hosts of the five species of Ctenidiosomus, actual name, and distribution are mentioned.
- | HOSTS | FLEAS | |
---|---|---|---|
Cited as | Current Valid Name | Distribution | |
Order Paucituberculata Family Caenolestidae |
|||
Caenolestes obscurus§ Thomas, 1895 | Caenolestes fuliginosus (Tomes, 1863) | Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and northwestern Venezuela| | Ctenidiosomus traubi |
Order Rodentia | Order Rodentia | ||
Suborder Myomorpha | Suborder Myomorpha | ||
Family Cricetidae | Family Cricetidae | ||
Subfamily Sigmodontinae | Subfamily Sigmodontinae | ||
Akodon mollis§ Thomas, 1894 | Akodon mollis Thomas, 1894 | Northwestern Peru to northern Ecuador, from sea level to above 4900 m¶ | C. spillmanni |
Anotomys trichotis§ Handley, 1976 |
Chibchanomys trichotis (Thomas, 1897) | Elevation between 2400 and 2900 m in the Tachira Andes of western Venezuela and Cordillera Oriental near Bogotá, Colombia# | C. perplexus |
Oryzomys albigularis†‡ (Tomes, 1860) | Nephelomys meridensis# (Thomas, 1894) | Colombia and northern portion of Sierra de Mérida, Trujillo State, Venezuela, 1000–4000 m†† | C. perplexus; C. rex |
Oryzomys minutus‡ Thomas, 1917 | Microryzomys minutus (Tomes, 1860) | Middle and high elevations in the northern and central Andes, including the Caribbean Coast Ranges and Mérida Andes of Venezuela; also in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, 800–4265 m‡‡ | C. perplexus |
Oryzomys xanthaeolus§ Thomas, 1894 | Aegialomys xanthaeolus (Thomas, 1894) | Coasts and mountains of southwestern Ecuador and southeastern Peru, above 2500 m†† | C. spillmanni |
Phyllotis osilae J. A. Allen, 1901 | Phyllotis osilae J. A. Allen, 1901 | From Southern Peru to northwestern Argentina, along the eastern Altiplano and Andean slopes, 500–4000 m§§ | C. austrinus sp. n. |
Rhipidomys venustus§ Thomas, 1900 | Rhipidomys venustus Thomas, 1900 | Endemic of Venezuela, Andes of Mérida and Trujillo, mostly above 2000 m|| | C. perplexus |
Rhipidomys†sp. | Rhipidomys sp. | –––––– | C. rex |
Thomasomys cinereus§ (Thomas, 1882) | Thomasomys cinereus (Thomas, 1882) | Northwestern Peru, west of the Río Marañon, 1198 to 3100 m¶¶ | C. spillmanni |
Thomasomys hylophilus‡ Osgood, 1912 | Thomasomys hylophilus Osgood, 1912 | Cordillera Oriental, in eastern Colombia, and Cordillera de Mérida in western Venezuela¶¶ | C. perplexus |
Thomasomys laniger‡ (Thomas, 1895) | Thomasomys emeritus Thomas, 1916 | Venezuelan Andes in the departments of Mérida and Trujillo, 2090–3550 m¶¶ | C. perplexus |
Thomasomys sp.† | Thomasomys sp. | –––––– | C. rex |
Thomasomys lugens‡ Osgood, 1933 | Aepeomys lugens (Thomas, 1896)|| | Mérida Andes of Venezuela (Tachira and Mérida States), 1990–3500 m¶¶ | C. perplexus |
Subfamily Tylomyinae | Subfamily Tylomyinae | ||
Neomys sp.§ | Tylomys mirae Thomas 1899¶¶ | Andean cordilleras of Colombia and Ecuador to the south along and through the Pacific lowlands to northwestern Ecuador, 200–1300 m## | C. spillmanni |
Suborder Hystricomorpha | Suborder Hystricomorpha | ||
Family Caviidae | Family Caviidae | ||
Cavia sp.§ | Cavia sp. | –––––– | C. spillmanni |
The type locality of Ctenidiosomus austrinus corresponds to the Ecoregion “Monte desert of Mountains and Isolated valleys” (
There have been far fewer species of fleas described from northwestern Argentina than other regions of the country (e.g. Patagonia; see
Distribution of the species of Ctenidiosomus. Ctenidiosomus austrinus: 1 Type locality: Argentina, Salta Province, Dept. Chicoana, app. 15 km W Escoipe, on Provincial road N°33 (25°10'25.2"S; 65°49'31.6"W), 2680 m. Ctenidiosomus spillmanni: 2 Peru, Dept. Junín, Huancayo Province, El Tambo (12°01'37.88"S; 75°12'46.46"W), 3327 m; 3 Peru, Depto. Ancasch, Huaylas Province, Huaylas (8°54'7"S; 77°50'21"W), 2067 m; 4 Peru, Dept. Piura, Huancabamba Province, Huancabamba (5°14'22"S; 79°26'59"W), 1930 m; 5 Ecuador, Loja Province (no specific locality) I; 6 Ecuador, Loja Province, Alamor (4°01'14.29"S; 80°01'21.97"W), 1279 m. 7 Type locality: Ecuador, Pichincha Province (no specific locality). Ctenidiosomus rex: 8 Type locality: Colombia, Dept. Huila, San Agustin (1°52'39.20"N; 76°15'11.08"W), 1625 m; 9 Colombia, Dept. Huila, San Agustin, left bank of Rio Magdalena (1°55'01.10"N; 76°20'59.06"W), 1748 m†. Ctenidiosomus traubi: 10 Type locality: Colombia, Dept. Antioquia, Sonson‡, 7 km E of Paramo (5°43'23.23"N; 75°11'11.36"W), 2049 m. Ctenidiosomus perplexus: 11 Type locality: Venezuela, Trujillo State, Trujillo Township, Trujillo, 14 km. E, near Misisi. (9°21'51.23"N; 70°18'30.89"W), 2210 m. Other distribution records: 12 Venezuela, Merida State, near Santa Rosa (8°53'52.11"N; 70°36'55.77"W), 2040 m; 13 Venezuela, Merida State, near Middle Refugio (8°36'07.36"N; 71°04'17.00"W), 2550 m; 14 Venezuela, Merida State, La Coromoto (8°6'48.31"N; 71°29'54.1"W), 2500 m§. 15 Venezuela, Tachira State, San Cristobal Township, 35 km S and 22 km W of San Cristobal, Buena Vista (7°29'43.29"N; 72°26'52.45"W), 2386 m; 16 Venezuela, Tachira State, Buena Vista (7°29'43.29"N; 72°26'52.45"W), 2386 m; †The elevation was incorrectly cited as “2300m” in
Although females of C. austrinus are not known, we can affirm that our specimen does not represent the currently unknown male of C. traubi by the following characters as evidence of its distinctiveness as a new taxon when compared to the female of C. traubi: 1) two antesensilial bristles on T-VII (three in C. traubi), 2) presence of a distinct horizontal row of seven setae near apex of fore coxa, 3) three stout antero-apical setae on apex of fore coxa, 4) three setae (2 large, 1 small) in penultimate notch of hind tibia, and 5) pronotum with three rows of setae (two in C. traubi).
For identification of Ctenidiosomus females, refer to the key by
1 | Ford’s sclerite of aedeagus curved down | C. rex |
– | Ford’s sclerite curved up | 2 |
2 | P1 of basimere rounded at apex; dorsal margin of distal arm of S-IX without sclerotizations | 3 |
– | P1 of basimere oblique at apex with deep sub-tending sinus; dorsal margin of distal arm with thick marginal sclerotization | C. austrinus sp. n. |
3 | Lateral lobe of aedeagus extended into long narrow process | C. perplexus |
– | Lateral lobe not extended into narrow process, but forming a near right angle at apex | C. spillmanni |
The field trip was funded by CIUNT (Centro de Investigaciones de la Universidad Nacional de Tucumán), CONICET, PID 4963; additional support was received from grants of Michael A. Mares from the National Science Foundation (DEB-9870184 and BSR 8906665) and the National Geographic Society (6520-9).