The genus was described by Voss (1967) for a single species, Rhinodontodes subsignatus Voss, 1967, based on a single specimen from Mongolia. The holotype was later examined by Borovec (2003) and until recently was the only specimen of the genus known. We now have access to 21 more specimens of this genus, mainly from the collections of IZCAS and ZIN, and we are able to discuss characters used for the definition of Rhinodontodes. Voss described the genus as similar to Rhinodontus in its elongated epistome, but distinguishable by tarsomere 3 being wider than tarsomere 2, claws parallel in basal half, apical part of protibiae not distinctly enlarged laterally, rounded, without spines and narrower pronotum, 1.34–1.42 × as wide as long, with anterior margin not distinctly narrower than posterior one. Borovec (2009) in his phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Trachyphloeini confirmed Rhinodontodes as related to Rhinodontus and Pseudocneorhinus, sharing the character states of epistome projected anteriorly and ocular lobes with short setae with Rhinodontus, and having as an autapomorphy, rostrum continuous with head, not separated by any furrow. Some of the characters previously used to distinguish Rhinodontodes are not unique, in comparison with newly known Pseudocneorhinus described in Ren et al. (2019). Males of P. bifasciatus Roelofs, 1880 also have the epistome projected anteriorly (Borovec 2009: figs 55, 61), creating a striking tooth, and P. glaber Ren, Borovec, Zhang, 2019 also have weak ocular lobes with very short setae and, especially, have a long rostrum and epifrons constricted in the middle. These two species thus show characters very similar to the shape of the rostrum of Rhinodontodes. Thus, Rhinodontodes seems to be more closely related to Pseudocneorhinus than was previously assumed. Study of further material of both genera will confirm whether the two genera are separate or should be placed in synonymy. Presently, Rhinodontodes can be distinguished from Pseudocneorhinus mainly by the rostrum and head being on the same level and the protibiae being laterally weakly enlarged (Borovec 2009: fig. 58).

Alashan, Bayanhaotezhen (China: Inner Mongolia).

Holotype. China – Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region • 1 ♂; Алашанъ, Дын-юань-ин, V.08 ек. Козлова [Alashan, Ding-yuan-ying (now Bayanhaotezhen), v.1908, Kozlov’s expedition]; Pseudocneorhinus alashanicus Typ. m.; G. Suvorov det.; ZIN. Paratypes. CHINA – Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region • 1 ♂ 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; ZIN.

Body length: 3.94–4.31 mm, holotype 3.94 mm.

Body (Figs 1–4) dark brownish, epistome, mucros, and claws reddish brown, fringe of setae on protibiae yellowish. Appressed scales covering antennae, head, pronotum, elytra and legs, except antennal clubs; scales on elytra oval, wider than long, densely and finely longitudinally striate, very dense, imbricate, six or seven scales across interval width, light brownish on disc with small, irregularly scattered dark brownish and greyish spots and with light greyish stripe along lateral margins, occupying three lateral intervals and very short apical part of elytra. Pronotum and head with rostrum with oval appressed scales standing on their edges and visible only as special structure of narrow short lines, only short flat area behind frons with the same appressed scales as elytra. Semi-appressed elytral setae subspatulate to spatulate, in holotype more slender than in paratypes, approximately as long as half of width of one interval, densely and finely longitudinally striate, creating one regular row on each interval, distance between two setae 2 × length of one seta. Pronotum and head with rostrum with almost identical semi-appressed setae, irregularly scattered, on pronotum transversely directed, on rostrum shorter than on elytra and longitudinally directed. Antennal scapes and femora with semi-appressed setae, funicles, tibiae and tarsi with semi-erect, moderately long setae, prominent from outline. Clubs densely and finely setose.

Rostrum (Figs 1–4, 25) 1.17–1.22 × as long as wide, from base slightly, regularly enlarged apicad with straight sides, at apex only slightly wider than at base. Epifrons at basal third distinctly tapered apicad, then weakly enlarged apicad, in both parts with slightly convex sides, at apex distinctly narrower than at base, longitudinally shallowly depressed. Epistome long and conspicuous, distinct in dorsal and lateral view, as wide as apex of rostrum or slightly wider, separated from frons by very narrow carina, in females U-shaped, slender, lengthily exceeding anterior rostral margin, with tips directed anteriad, in males V-shaped, wider, less exceeding anterior rostral margin, with tips directed obliquely, laterally. Frons flat, squamose, bearing in lateral parts four or five pairs of stout apical setae, obliquely directed anteriad. Scrobes in dorsal view visible in apical third of rostrum as narrow furrows; in lateral view narrow, subparallel-sided, weakly curved, directed towards middle of eyes, visible as short furrow only in apical half of rostrum, in basal half with margins weakly indicated. Rostrum in lateral view somewhat convex, separated from head by shallow transverse depression. Eyes almost flat, hardly prominent from outline of head. Head distinctly enlarged basad.

Antennae slender; scapes faintly regularly curved, approximately equally long as funicles, at basal two thirds weakly and regularly enlarged apicad, at apical third enlarged somewhat more, at apex equally wide as clubs. Funicles with segments 1 and 2 conical, long, funicle segment 1 slightly longer and wider than segment 2, in males more slender than in females; in males funicle 1 1.7–1.8 × as long as wide; segment 2 1.8–1.9 × as long as wide; segment 3 1.1 × as long as wide; segments 4 and 5 isodiametric; segment 6 1.1 × as wide as long; segment 7 1.4 × as wide as long; in females funicle 1 1.7–1.8 × as long as wide; segment 2 1.6–1.7 × as long as wide; segment 3 and 4 1.2 × as wide as long; segment 5 1.3 × as wide as long; segment 6 1.4 × as wide as long; segment 7 1.6 × as wide as long.

Pronotum (Figs 1–4) 1.34–1.36 × as wide as long, widest just behind the midlength, with rounded sides, more strongly tapered anteriad than posteriad, behind anterior margin weakly constricted. Disc regularly convex. Base arched. Pronotum in lateral view moderately convex, ocular lobes developed.

Elytra (Figs 1–4) 1.26–1.30 × as long as wide, oval, widest at midlength, with regularly rounded sides; shoulders regularly rounded; basal margin arched. Striae narrow, punctured, punctures hidden by appressed scales; stria 1 at base distinctly curved outwards, sutural interval at base distinctly enlarged. Interval almost flat, equally wide and elevated. Elytra in lateral view convex.

Protibiae moderately long and slender, mesally distinctly, laterally weakly enlarged, at apex rounded, with fringe of short and fine yellowish setae, mucronate, inner margin of protibiae and metatibiae with 2–3 very small, black, almost indistinct teeth; metatibial corbels densely squamose. Tarsi slender; tarsomere 2 1.2–1.3 × as wide as long; tarsomere 3 1.5–1.6 × as wide as long and 1.4 × as wide as tarsomere 2; onychium (tarsomere 5) 1.4–1.6 × as long as tarsomere 3. Claws fused at basal third, moderately and regularly divergent apicad.

Penis (Fig. 26) short and wide, 1.91 × as long as wide, in ventral view at base and at apex approximately equally wide, parallel-sided with slightly concave sides; apex regularly rounded to small, regular triangular prolongation; in lateral view wide, regularly curved, subcrescent-shaped, with slender and short apical elongation.

Female genitalia. Sternite VIII umbrella-shaped with short apodeme. Gonocoxites not examined. Spermatheca (Fig. 28) with long, regularly and distinctly curved cornu; corpus large; ramus subsquare, nodulus smaller, subtriangular.

Figures 1–8. 

Habitus of species of Rhinodontodes: 1, 2 R. alashanensis sp. nov., female, paratype, dorsal and lateral view 3, 4 R. alashanensis sp. nov., male, holotype, dorsal and lateral view 5, 6 R. subsignatus, female, dorsal and lateral view 7, 8 R. subsignatus, male, dorsal and lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Unknown.

China, Inner Mongolia (Fig. 52).

Patronymic, name is derived from the name of type locality.

Rhinodontodes alashanensis is similar to the only other known species of the genus, R. subsignatus Voss, 1967. It is possible to distinguish the two species by the following key:

China – Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region • 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀; 阿拉善左旗贺兰山水磨沟正沟 [Alxa Zuoqi, Helan Mountains, Shuimogou Zhenggou]; 27 Jul. 2010; 黄鑫磊 [X.L. Huang leg.]; IZCAS, IOZ(E)1965104, IOZ(E)1965108, IOZ(E)1965105, IOZ(E)1965110; • 3 ♀♀; 阿拉善左旗贺兰山哈拉乌青树湾 [Alxa Zuoqi, Helan Mountains, Halawu, Qingshuwan]; 30 Jul. 2010; 黄鑫磊 [X.L. Huang leg.]; IZCAS, IOZ(E)1965107, IOZ(E)1965109, IOZ(E)1965113; • 1 ♀; 阿拉善左旗贺兰山主峰峰顶 [Alxa Zuoqi, the main top of Helan Mountains]; 3134 m a.s.l.; 17 Aug. 2010; 38°49.8'N, 105°56.4'E; 林美英 [M.Y. Lin leg.]; IZCAS, IOZ(E)1965112; • 1 ♂; 阿拉善左旗贺兰山水磨沟正沟 [Alxa Zuoqi, Helan Mountains, Shuimogou Zhenggou]; 2025 m a.s.l.; 16 Aug. 2010; 38°55.8'N, 105°53.4'E; 林美英 [M.Y. Lin leg.]; IZCAS, IOZ(E)1965114 • 2 ♀♀; 阿拉善左旗贺兰山强岗岭 [Alxa Zuoqi, Helan Mountains, Qianggangling]; 8 Aug. 2010; 黄鑫磊 [X.L. Huang leg.]; IZCAS, IOZ(E)1965106, IOZ(E)1965111; • 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 阿拉善左旗贺兰山古拉本 [Alxa Zuoqi, Helan Mountains, Gulaben]; 6 Aug. 2010; 黄鑫磊 [X.L. Huang leg.]; IZCAS, IOZ(E)1965102, IOZ(E)1965101; • 1 ♀; 阿拉善左旗贺兰山北寺 [Alxa Zuoqi, Helan Mountains, Beisi]; 13 Aug. 2010; 黄鑫磊 [X.L. Huang leg.]; IZCAS, IOZ(E)1965103; • 1 ♀; 阿拉善左旗贺兰山水磨沟 [Alxa Zuoqi, Helan Mountains, Shuimogou]; 25 Jul. 2010; 黄鑫磊 [X.L. Huang leg.]; IZCAS, IOZ(E)1941122.

Mongolia • 1 ♀; 40 km W Dalanzadgad, Gobi Gurvansaikhan NP, Yolyn am env.; 28–30 Jun. 2003; 1700–2000 m a.s.l.; Z. Jindra leg.; RBSC; • 2 ♀♀; Bayan-Chong, Aimak, Ich-Bogdo-Ula, srednegorie [central mountains]; 2500 m a.s.l.; 3 Jul. 1973; G. Medvedev leg.; ZIN.

The eighteen specimens examined of R. subsignatus come from Mongolia and also from China, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The four males and 11 females from China differ somewhat from the three females from Mongolia, which share with the holotype slender, subparallel-sided, semi-erect elytral setae, while material from Mongolia has wider, subspatulate, semi-appressed elytral setae. Mongolian and Chinese specimens are almost identical in all other characters thus we assume the shape of elytral setae is a variable character of the species. This is the first record of R. subsignatus from China (Fig. 52).

The genus is well defined and distinguished by apex of protibiae strikingly enlarged laterally, armed with wide spines, epistome long, rostrum short and wide, distinctly enlarged before eyes and body wide and robust. It was described as monotypic by Faust (1890) and studied later by Voss (1967) and Borovec (2003). Rhinodontus currently contains five valid species from China and Mongolia (Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017). Among material from IZCAS and ZIN we discovered specimens which add to our knowledge distribution of the species, which were previously known from only a limited number of specimens.

China – Qinghai Prov. • 2 ♀♀; Ю. скл. хр. Бурхан-Будда: дoл. oз. Алык-нoр. 30.V.1900. Експ. Кoзлoва. [southern slope of the mountains Burchan-Buddha, valley of the lake Alake Hu. 30.v.1900; Kozlov’s expedition]; ZIN.

This species was described based on three females from China, Xinjiang and Gansu. This is the first additional locality since the original description.

Rhinodontus crassiscapus differs from all other species of the genus by its very short, distally thickened scape and by its long raised elytral setae being longer than one half of the interval width.

Figures 9–16. 

Habitus of species of Rhinodontus: 9, 10 R. crassiscapus, female, dorsal and lateral view 11, 12 R. ignarus, female, dorsal and lateral view 13, 14 R. mongolicus, female, dorsal and lateral view 15, 16 R. proximus, female, dorsal and lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

China – Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region • 2 ♀♀; 阿拉善左旗贺兰山哈拉乌青树湾 [Alxa Zuoqi, Helan Mountains, Halawu, Qingshuwan]; 30 Jul. 2010; 黄鑫磊 [X.L. Huang leg.]; IZCAS, IOZ(E)1965140, IOZ(E)1965142; • 1 ♀; 阿拉善左旗贺兰山强岗岭 [Alxa Zuoqi, Helan Mountains, Qianggangling]; 8 Aug. 2010; 黄鑫磊 [X.L. Huang leg.]; IZCAS, IOZ(E)1965141; • 6 ♀♀; 阿拉善左旗贺兰山哈拉乌主峰 [Alxa Zuoqi, Helan Mountains, the main top of Halawu]; 1 Aug. 2010; 黄鑫磊 [X.L. Huang leg.]; IZCAS, IOZ(E)1965143–1965148.

Mongolia • 1 ♀, Centralnyi Aimak, Dzorgol-Khairkhan, 30 km NE Undzhul; 16 Jul. 1973; G. Medvedev leg.; ZIN; • 1 ♀; Centralnyi Aimak, Dzorgol-Khairkhan, Uver-Undzhul-Ul hill; 16 Jul. 1973; G. Medvedev leg.; ZIN.

Nine females from China (Inner Mongolia) have the spermatheca with a shorter ramus and more slender collum and nine spines at the protibial apex in comparison with previously known material, including the type specimens, of the species having only eight spines. Due to the lack of males of this population we currently retain it as conspecific with R. ignarus.

China – Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region • 1 ♀; 阿拉善左旗贺兰山哈拉乌主峰[Alxa Zuoqi, Helan Mountains, the main top of Halawu]; 1 Aug. 2010; 黄鑫磊 [X.L. Huang leg.]; IZCAS, IOZ(E)1965118; • 1 ♀; 阿拉善左旗贺兰山强岗岭 [Alxa Zuoqi, Helan Mountains, Qianggangling]; 8 Aug. 2010; 黄鑫磊 [X.L. Huang leg.]; IZCAS, IOZ(E)1965131; • 1 ♀; 阿拉善左旗贺兰山水磨沟正沟 [Alxa Zuoqi, Helan Mountains, Shuimogou Zhenggou]; 27 Jul. 2010; 黄鑫磊 [X.L. Huang leg.]; IZCAS, IOZ(E)1965133; • 1♀; 阿拉善左旗贺兰山哈拉乌青树湾 [Alxa Zuoqi, Helan Mountains, Halawu, Qingshuwan]; 30 Jul. 2010; 黄鑫磊 [X.L. Huang leg.]; IZCAS, IOZ(E)1965137; • 1 ♀; 阿拉善左旗贺兰山水磨沟 [Alxa Zuoqi, Helan Mountains, Shuimogou]; 25 Jul. 2010; 黄鑫磊 [X.L. Huang leg.]; IZCAS, IOZ(E)1941074.

Mongolia • 1 ♀; Uver Khangaiskyi Aimak, Arc-Bogdo Mts., 20 km S Khovda; 12–13 Aug. 1967; Kerzhner leg.; ZIN; • 1 ♀; Ara-Khangaiskyi Aimak, 20 km NE Tevshrulakh; 17 Jun. 1975; Emelianov leg.; ZIN; • 1 ♀; Uver Khangaiskyi Aimak, Orkhon, 15 km W Bat-Ulgyi; 22 Sept. 1981; Korolas leg.; ZIN.

The species was described based on 17 females from Mongolia, Ulaan Baatar and these are the first additional specimens since the original description. This is also the first record of the species in China (Fig. 53). Rhinodontus mongolicus is very easy distinguishable from all other species of Rhinodontus by the prominent sulci covering eyes in dorsal view and by the slender antennal scape.

China – Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region • 1 ♀; 阿拉善左旗贺兰山南寺雪岭子[Alxa Zuoqi, Helan Mountains, Nansi, Xuelingzi]; 11 Aug. 2010; 黄鑫磊 [X.L. Huang leg.]; IZCAS, IOZ(E)1965149; • 4 ♀♀; 阿拉善左旗水磨沟 [Alxa Zuoqi, Helan Mountains, Shuimogou]; 25 Jul. 2010; 黄鑫磊 [X.L. Huang leg.]; IZCAS, IOZ(E)1941092–1941095. – Gansu Prov. [Kan-Ssu Prov.] • 1 ♀; 1884; O. Potanin leg.; ZIN.

Mongolia • 1 ♀; Bayankhongor aym., Khangayan Nuruu Mts., Tsagaan-Ovoo 25 km W; 45°55.1'N, 101°10.4'E; 2050 m, a.s.l.; 8 Jun. 2013; M. Košťál leg.; MKBC; • 2 ♀♀; Uver Khangaisk Aimak, Arc-Bogdo Mts., 20 km S Khovda; 12–13 Aug. 1967; Kerzchner leg.; ZIN; • 2 ♀♀; Iuzhno-Gob. Aimak, Ukh-Shankhai; 12 Jun. 1972; ZIN; • 3 ♀♀; Iuzhno-Gob. Aimak, 25 km SW Bulgan; 5 Aug. 1971; ZIN; • 1 ♀; Iuzhno-Gob. Aimak, Navtgar-Ul hill, 35 km NW Iamat-Ul; 9 Aug. 1971; Emelianov leg.; ZIN; • 3 ♀♀; Vostochno-Gob. Aimak, Nomt-Ul hill, 30 km SSE Shokhoi-Nur lake; 26 Jun. 1971; Emelianov & Kozlov leg.; ZIN; • 1 ♀; Baian-Kchongor. Aimak, 20 km ESE Uldzint; 9 Jul. 1970; Emelianov leg.; ZIN; • 2 ♀♀; Iuzhno-Gob. Aimak, Tachilga-Ul hill, 35 km NNE Dalan-Deadagad; 10 Aug. 1971; Kerzhner leg.; ZIN; • 1 ♀; Centralnyi Aimak, Dzorgol-Khairkhan, Uver-Undzhul-Ul hill; 16 Jul. 1973; G. Medvedev leg.; ZIN; • 1 ♀; Iuzhno-Gob. Aimak, Khuryn-Khalkha-Nur, 25 km W Noën; 20 Jun. 1973; G. Medvedev leg.; ZIN.

This species was described from four specimens from two localities in Mongolia, later recorded also from China. It is very similar to R. ignarus, but differs by possessing eight or nine spines at apex of protibia, tarsal claws connate only in the very short basal part, and also the more slender antenna.

China – Xinjiang Autonomous Region • 1 ♀; Polu; 13 May 1890; ZIN.

This species was described based on three females from China, Xinjiang; this is the first additional specimen since the original description. Rhinodontus sawadai can be distinguished from other species of the genus by its wider rostrum, curved scape, missing prominences above eyes, and less enlarged outside apex of protibia.

Figures 17–24. 

Habitus of species of Rhinodontus and Trachyphloeosoma: 17, 18 Rhinodontus sawadai, female, dorsal and lateral view 19, 20 Trachyphloeosoma honza sp. nov., paratype, female, dorsal and lateral view 21, 22 T. jirka sp. nov., paratype, female, dorsal and lateral view 23, 24 T. martin sp. nov., paratype, female, dorsal and lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

This genus was described by Wollaston based on material from the island of St. Helena. Additional species were described later, and the present number of valid species is five. The genus was redescribed and compared to all other Palaearctic Trachyphloeini by Borovec (2009), then subsequently revised by Borovec (2014), based on material from China, Vietnam, Japan, Korea, and the Moluccas. Morimoto (2015), in his monography of Japanese Entiminae, surveyed the Japanese species of the genus. China is the most northwestern part of the range of the genus, and Trachyphloeosoma was first recorded from this country only in 2009 by Borovec, based on one male from Yunnan, and subsequently by Borovec (2014) based on several additional specimens of the same species. Following examination of some newly sifted material from China, and comparing this with Morimoto’s (2015) review of the genus from the Japanese islands, we can state that the species collected in China are new to science. We can thus correct the name of the species so far recorded from China. This newly collected material from China was erroneously identified as T. advena Zimmerman, 1956 and was listed under this name in the Palaearctic catalogue (Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017). After dissection and thorough examination, we are able to recognise the specimens as distinct from T. advena and belonging to three different species, which are described below.

Figure 25. 

Head of Rhinodontodes alashanensis, sp. nov., dorsal view, arrows indicate the epistome.

China, Yunnan, Lunan.

Holotype. China – Yunnan Prov. • 1 ♂; Lunan – env., Stone Forest; 29 Jul. 1995; Z. Jindra leg.; NMPC. Paratypes. CHINA – Yunnan Prov. • 10 ♀♀; 14 km SE Tengchong, Renjiafen env.; 24°56.43'N, 98°35.52'E; 2145 m a.s.l.; (CH06) 23 Jun. 2016; J. Hájek & J. Růžička leg.; sift ♯05, border of old orchard, wet debris under trees; NMPC; • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; RBSC; • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; IZCAS; • 2 ♀♀; Tengchong city, Laifeng Shan Forest Park; 25°01.24'N, 98°28.94'E; 1800 m a.s.l.; (CH05) 22 Jun. 2016; J. Hájek & J. Růžička leg.; sift ♯04, dense mixed forest above tombs near track, wet debris in terrain depressions; NMPC.

Body length: 1.87–2.39 mm, holotype 2.13 mm.

Body (Figs 19, 20) unicoloured piceous brown, antennae and legs slightly paler, reddish brown. The entire body except for frons, antennal funicles with clubs and tarsi covered with a brownish earth-like incrustation which conceals most of the surface; rounded appressed scales, covering the whole body, very hardly visible through this incrustation. Elytra with one conspicuous, dense row of erect, subspatulate setae on each interval, starting just from the base; setae approximately as long as half width of one interval, slightly enlarged apicad, distance between two setae slightly longer than length of one seta. Pronotum and head with rostrum with similar setae, less than half as long as elytral ones, densely irregularly scattered, anteriorly directed. Antennal scapes, femora and tibiae with long, erect, very slender setae, distinctly prominent from outline of scapes and legs.

Rostrum (Figs 19, 20, 36) 1.25–1.31 × wider than long, at base 1.18–1.23 × wider than at apex, evenly tapered anteriad with almost straight sides, at short basal part with shallowly concave sides; in profile short and wide, convex. Epifrons distinctly tapered anteriad with straight sides, at level of antennal insertion narrow, 0.65–0.68 × as wide as corresponding width of rostrum, with ill-defined, shallow, longitudinal furrow. Frons conspicuous, glabrous, smooth and shiny, posteriorly continuous with epifrons. Epistome indistinct. Antennal scrobes in dorsal view fully visible as furrows, reaching eyes; in lateral view with dorsal margin directed towards middle of eye and ventral margin deeply below ventral margin of eye. Eyes small, in dorsal view protruding from outline of head; in lateral view placed in dorsal third, distance from dorsal margin of head longer than diameter of eye.

Antennae moderately long, scapes slightly exceeding anterior margin of pronotum and longer than funicle, weakly regularly curved, in apical half slightly gradually thickened to apex, at apex 0.7–0.8 × as wide as club. Funicle segment 1 bead-shaped, 1.5–1.6 × longer than wide and 1.3–1.4 × longer than segment 2, which is 1.5–1.6 × longer than wide; segments 3–7 successively wider, segment 3 and 4 1.3–1.4 ×, segment 5–6 1.6–1.7 ×, segment 7 1.9–2.0 × wider than long. Clubs ovoid, large, 1.4–1.5 × longer than wide.

Pronotum (Figs 19, 20) 1.17–1.22 × wider than long, widest at midlength, with distinctly rounded sides; anterior margin distinctly narrower than posterior one; disc flatly and irregularly granulate; in lateral view pronotum slightly convex, anterior margin strongly obliquely directed back beneath towards coxae.

Elytra (Figs 19, 20) oval, 1.23–1.29 × longer than wide, widest at midlength, with regularly rounded sides. Striae coarsely punctate, wider than intervals, striae only slightly impressed between punctures; separation of punctures much shorter than their diameters. Intervals very narrow, somewhat convex, smooth.

Protibiae (Fig. 40) short and robust, 4.8–5.2 × longer than wide at midlength, at apical quarter indistinctly curved inwards with mesal edge slightly bisinuate, apically bluntly truncate, with dense fringe of fine but long yellowish setae, shorter in mesal than in lateral part and with long and slender yellowish mucro. Tarsi short, tarsomere 2 1.4–1.5 × wider than long; tarsomere 3 1.2–1.3 × wider than long and 1.3–1.4 × wider than tarsomere 2; onychium (tarsomere 5) 1.1 × as long as tarsomere 3, widened apicad with very long, strongly divaricate claws, almost as long as exceeding part of onychium.

Abdominal ventrites 1.09–1.12 × longer than wide, sparsely roughly punctate; ventrite 2 slightly longer than ventrite 1 and distinctly longer than ventrites 3 and 4 combined; suture between ventrites 1 and 2 sinuous, the others straight. Metaventral process as wide as transverse diameter of metacoxa.

Penis (Fig. 42) short, 1.57 × as long as wide, subparallel-sided, slightly evenly enlarged apicad, in apical part shortly subtriangular, tip rounded, sides of tip shallowly concave; in lateral view moderately wide, ventral side almost straight, dorsal side irregularly rounded, tip pointed and curved upwards.

Female genitalia. Spermatheca with short and moderately wide cornu; corpus large, elongated; ramus and collum developed, identically sized, short and wide (Fig. 44). Sternite VIII with plate 1.5–1.6 × longer than wide, rhombic, without any fenestra (Fig. 48). Gonocoxites of ovipositor very slender and long, basally enlarged, in apical part rod-shaped, bearing slender and long, cylindrical stylus with apical setae.

The majority of the material was collected by sifting wet debris under trees along the border of an old orchard.

The new species is dedicated to one of the collectors and a very good friend of the second author, Dr. Jan Růžička (University of Life Science, Prague). The Czech name Jan has its nickname “Honza”. The specific name is a noun in apposition.

Figures 26–35. 

Genitalia of Rhinodontodes and Rhinodontus: 26 Penis of Rhinodontodes alashanensis sp. nov., dorsal and lateral view 27 Penis of Rhinodontodes subsignatus, dorsal and lateral view 28 Spermatheca of Rhinodontodes alashanensis sp. nov. 29 Spermatheca of Rhinodontodes subsignatus 30 Spermatheca of Rhinodontus crassiscapus 31 Penis of Rhinodontus ignarus, dorsal and lateral view 32 Spermatheca of Rhinodontus ignarus 33 Spermatheca of Rhinodontus mongolicus 34 Spermatheca of Rhinodontus proximus 35 Spermatheca of Rhinodontus sawadai. Scale bars: 0.50 mm (26, 27, 31); 0.25 mm (28–30, 32–35).

China, Yunnan (Fig. 54).

Trachyphloeosoma honza sp. nov. shares with T. martin sp. nov. short and robust protibiae, short and wide rostrum and subspatulate setae. It is easily distinguished from T. martin sp. nov. by elytral setae on all elytral intervals, dorsal margin of antennal scrobes directed towards middle of eye and female sternite VIII lacking fenestra, while T. martin sp. nov. has elytral setae only on odd intervals, dorsal margin of scrobes directed above dorsal margin of eye and female sternite VIII with longitudinal fenestra. In comparison with non-Chinese species, T. honza sp. nov. is similar to T. advena Zimmerman, 1956, known from Japan, Korea and introduced to U.S.A. and T. ryukyuensis Morimoto, 2015, known from Japan, in the funicle being 7-segmented and body covered by appressed setae and elytra with raised setae on all intervals. It is possible to distinguish T. honza sp. nov. from both by short subspatulate setae, distinctly shorter than width of an elytral interval (long piliform setae on elytra, approximately as long as width of interval in T. advena and T. ryukyuensis), elytral setae distinctly bent backwards in lateral view (perpendicularly erect in T. advena and T. ryukyuensis) and plate of sternite VIII in females without fenestra (with fenestra in T. advena and T. ryukyuensis).

China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan Mts., Xiangzhou.

Holotype. China – Jiangxi Prov. • 1 ♀; Jinggangshan Mts., Xiangzhou (forested valley S of the village); 26°35.5'N, 114°16.0'E; 374 m a.s.l.; 26 Apr. 2011; Fikáček & Hájek leg.; sifting, accumulation of moist leaf litter along the stream and on the steep slope above the stream in the sparse secondary forest; [MF08]; NMPC. Paratypes. China – Jiangxi Prov. • 1 ♀; the same data as holotype; NMPC; • 1 ♀; same data as holotype; IZCAS.

Body length: 2.06–2.44 mm, holotype 2.06 mm.

Body (Figs 21, 22) including antennae and legs unicoloured piceous brown. The entire body except for frons, antennal funicles with clubs and tarsi covered with a brownish earth-like incrustation which conceals most of the surface; appressed scales, covering the whole body, with hardly visible shape, but in lateral parts rounded, finely densely striolate. Elytra with one conspicuous, dense row of long erect setae on each interval, starting from the base; setae as long as width of one interval, very slender, slightly and evenly enlarged apicad, distance between two setae slightly longer than length of one seta. Pronotum and head with rostrum with identically long and shaped setae as elytral setae, densely irregularly scattered, anteriorly directed. Antennal scapes, femora and tibiae with long, erect, very slender setae, distinctly prominent from outline of scapes and legs.

Rostrum (Figs 21, 22, 37) 1.12–1.18 × wider than long, at base 1.18–1.20 × wider than at apex, evenly tapered anteriad, at basal half with straight sides; in profile moderately long and slender, convex, at apex distinctly declined. Epifrons in basal half distinctly tapered anteriad, in apical half almost parallel-sided, narrow, 0.61–0.67 × as wide as rostrum in corresponding part, with ill-defined, slender, longitudinal furrow. Frons conspicuous, smooth, shiny, angularly declined from epifrons. Epistome small, short, indistinct, just at apical portion of rostrum, posteriorly narrowly carinate. Antennal scrobes in dorsal view visible as wide furrows, reaching eyes; in lateral view distinctly subtriangular, strikingly enlarged posteriad with dorsal margin directed above dorsal margin of eye and ventral margin deeply below ventral margin of eye. Eyes small, in dorsal view hardly protruding from outline of head; in lateral view placed subdorsally, distance from dorsal margin of head shorter than diameter of eye.

Antennae moderately long, scapes slightly exceeding anterior margin of pronotum and distinctly longer than funicle, weakly curved in basal third, in apical half slightly gradually thickened to apex, at apex 0.7–0.8 × as wide as club. Funicle segment 1 bead-shaped, 1.3–1.4 × longer than wide and 1.4–1.5 × longer than segment 2, this is short, 1.1–1.2 × longer than wide; segments 3–7 slightly successively wider, segment 3 and 4 1.3–1.4 ×, segment 5–6 1.5–1.6 ×, segment 7 1.7–1.8 × wider than long. Clubs ovoid, large, 1.6–1.7 × longer than wide.

Pronotum (Figs 21, 22) 1.21–1.28 × wider than long, widest at anterior third, with distinctly rounded sides, slightly constricted behind anterior margin; disc flatly and irregularly granulate, among granules irregularly punctate with rough and fine punctures; in lateral view pronotum slightly convex, anterior margin strongly obliquely directed back beneath towards coxae.

Elytra (Figs 21, 22) oval, 1.42–1.46 × longer than wide, widest at midlength, with regularly rounded sides. Striae coarsely punctate, twice as wide as intervals, striae not impressed between the punctures; separations of punctures much less than their diameters. Intervals very narrow, flat, shiny.

Protibiae (Fig. 41) long and slender, 6.1–6.3 × longer than wide at midlength, at apical quarter conspicuously curved inwards with mesal edge slightly bisinuate, apically obliquely subtruncate, with dense fringe of fine but long yellowish setae, shorter in mesal than in lateral part, with long and slender yellowish mucro. Tarsi short, tarsomere 2 1.4–1.5 × wider than long; tarsomere 3 1.3–1.4 × wider than long and 1.4–1.5 × wider than tarsomere 2; tarsomere 5 1.1 × as long as tarsomere 3, evenly widened apicad with very long, strongly divaricate claws, approximately as long as part of onychium (tarsomere 5) projecting beyond lobes of tarsomere 3.

Abdominal ventrites sparsely roughly punctate; ventrite 2 slightly longer than ventrite 1 and distinctly longer than ventrites 3 and 4 combined; suture between ventrites 1 and 2 sinuate, the others straight. Metaventral process as wide as transverse diameter of metacoxa.

Female genitalia. Spermatheca with very slender and irregularly distorted cornu; corpus large, elongate; ramus not developed; collum very small, hump-shaped, shorter than wide (Fig. 45). Sternite VIII with plate 2.0–2.2 × longer than wide, rhombic, without any fenestra (Fig. 49). Gonocoxites of ovipositor very slender and long, basally enlarged, in apical part rod-shaped, bearing slender and long cylindrical stylus with apical setae.

Figures 36–41. 

Head with rostrum in dorsal and lateral view of Trachyphloeosoma species: 36 T. honza sp. nov. 37 T. jirka sp. nov. 38 T. martin sp. nov. 39 T. roelofsi; Protibiae of Trachyphloeosoma species: 40 T. honza sp. nov. 41 T. jirka sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.50 mm (36–41).

This species was collected by sifting in sparse secondary forest.

This species is dedicated to Dr. Jiří Hájek, curator of National Museum in Prague, who loaned us very interesting material of Trachyphloeosoma for study and also collected the specimens of this species. The nickname of Jiří is “Jirka” in the Czech language. The specific name is a noun in apposition.

China, Jiangxi (Fig. 54).

Trachyphloeosoma jirka sp. nov. is easily distinguishable among Chinese Trachyphloeosoma species by its long and slender protibiae, distinctly curved inwards at apical part, long piliform setae as long on pronotum as on elytra, long and slender rostrum with frons distinctly declined downwards, subdorsal eyes and long and slender plate of female sternite VIII. In comparison with non-Chinese species, T. jirka sp. nov. is, in the funicle 7-segmented, body covered by appressed setae and elytra with raised setae on all intervals similar to T. advena Zimmerman, 1956, known from Japan, Korea and introduced to U.S.A. and T. ryukyuensis Morimoto, 2015, known from Japan. It is possible to distinguish it from both by erect setae on pronotum equal in length to elytral setae (distinctly shorter in T. advena and T. ryukyuensis), elytra long, oval, 1.42–1.46 × longer than wide (oval, 1.26–1.31 × longer than wide long in T. advena and T. ryukyuensis) and protibiae slender, distinctly curved inwards at apical portion (short and robust, only slightly curved in T. advena and T. ryukyuensis) and also plate of sternite VIII in females without fenestra (with fenestra in T. advena and T. ryukyuensis).

China, Hainan, Limushan Mts.

Holotype. China – Hainan Prov. • 1 ♂; Limushan Mts., mountains above frst. admin. Centre; 19°10.5–19°10.9'N, 109°44–109°45'E; 650–900 m a.s.l.; 6 May 2011; Fikáček leg.; sifting – small accumulations of moist leaf litter along an on the trail in secondary forest partly with Cyathea and bamboo; MF19; NMPC. Paratypes. China – Hainan Prov. • 1 ♀; the same data as holotype; NMPC; • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; IZCAS.

Body length: 1.63–2.31 mm, holotype 1.63 mm.

Body (Figs 23, 24) including antennae and legs unicoloured piceous brown. Entire body except of frons, antennal funicles with clubs and tarsi covered with a brownish earth-like incrustation which conceals integument; rounded scales with hardly visible shape, but at least on pronotum, head and rostrum irregularly star-shaped. Elytra with one conspicuous dense row of erect, subspatulate setae only on odd-numbered intervals; setae almost as long as width of one interval, enlarged apicad, distance between two setae distinctly longer than length of one seta. Pronotum and head with rostrum with similar setae, approximately half length of elytral setae, densely irregularly scattered, anteriorly directed. Antennal scapes, femora and tibiae with short, erect, very slender setae, prominent from outline of scapes and legs.

Rostrum (Figs 23, 24, 38) 1.38–1.42 × wider than long, at base 1.23–1.28 × wider than at apex, evenly tapered anteriad with straight sides; in profile short and wide, convex. Epifrons in basal half distinctly tapered anteriad, in apical half almost parallel-sided, narrow, 0.62–0.67 × as wide as rostrum in corresponding part, with ill-defined, longitudinal furrow. Frons glabrous, smooth and shiny, posteriorly continuous with epifrons. Epistome indistinct. Antennal scrobes in dorsal view visible as furrows, not reaching eyes; in lateral view distinctly subtriangular, short, strikingly enlarged posteriad with dorsal margin directed above dorsal margin of eye and ventral margin deeply below ventral margin of eye. Eyes very small, in dorsal view hardly protruding from outline of head; in lateral view placed in dorsal third, distance from dorsal margin of head distinctly longer than diameter of eye.

Antennae moderately long, scapes slightly exceeding anterior margin of pronotum and longer than funicle, weakly regularly curved, in apical half slightly gradually thickened to apex, at apex 0.7–0.8 × as wide as club. Funicle segment 1 wide, bead-shaped, 1.3–1.4 × longer than wide and 1.6–1.7 × longer than segment 2, which is short, 1.1–1.2 × longer than wide; segments 3–7 slightly successively wider, segments 3–5 1.6–1.7 ×, segment 6 1.6–1.7 ×, segment 7 1.7–1.8 × wider than long. Clubs ovoid, large, 1.5–1.6 × longer than wide.

Pronotum (Figs 23, 24) narrow, 1.07–1.11 × wider than long, widest at anterior third, with distinctly rounded sides, constricted behind anterior margin; disc regularly domed, indistinctly granulate; pronotum slightly convex in lateral view, anterior margin strongly obliquely directed back beneath towards coxae.

Elytra (Figs 23, 24) elongated, 1.44–1.48 × longer than wide, widest at midlength, with regularly rounded sides. Striae coarsely punctate, twice as wide as intervals, striae not impressed between punctures; separation of punctures much less than their diameters. Intervals very narrow, flat, shiny.

Protibiae short and robust, 5.0–5.3 × longer than wide at midlength, at apical quarter slightly curved inwards with mesal edge slightly bisinuate, apically obliquely subtruncate, with a dense fringe fine of long yellowish setae, shorter in mesal than in lateral part, with long and slender yellowish mucro. Tarsi short, tarsomere 2 1.6–1.7 × wider than long; tarsomere 3 1.3–1.4 × wider than long and 1.4 × wider than tarsomere 2; onychium (tarsomere 5) as long as tarsomere 3, strikingly widened apicad with very long, strongly divaricate claws, as long as part of onychium projecting beyond lobes of tarsomere 3.

Abdominal ventrites 1.14–1.19 × longer than wide, sparsely roughly punctate; ventrite 2 slightly longer than ventrite 1 and distinctly longer than ventrites 3 and 4 combined; suture between ventrites 1 and 2 sinuate, the others straight. Metaventral process as wide as transverse diameter of metacoxa.

Penis (Fig. 43) long and slender, 2.91 × as long as wide, subparallel-sided with straight sides, slightly evenly tapered apicad; tip long, subtriangular with slightly concave sides; in lateral view slender, distinctly irregularly curved, tip pointed.

Female genitalia. Spermatheca with long and irregularly curved cornu; corpus slender, indistinct; ramus developed, short or tubular; collum very long, distinctly irregularly curved (Fig. 46). Sternite VIII with plate 1.5–1.7 × longer than wide, rhombic, with distinct, slender, longitudinal fenestra reaching midlength of plate (Fig. 50). Gonocoxites of ovipositor very slender and long, basally enlarged, in apical part rod-shaped, bearing slender and long, cylindrical stylus with apical setae.

Figures 42–51. 

Terminalia of Trachyphloeosoma species: 42 Penis of T. honza sp. nov., dorsal and lateral view 43 Penis of T. martin sp. nov., dorsal and lateral view 44 Spermatheca of T. honza sp. nov. 45 Spermatheca of T. jirka sp. nov. 46 Spermatheca of T. martin sp. nov. 47 Spermatheca of T. roelofsi 48 Sternite VIII of T. honza sp. nov. 49 Sternite VIII of T. jirka sp. nov. 50 Sternite VIII of T. martin sp. nov. 51 Sternite VIII of T. roelofsi. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (42–47); 0.5 mm (48–51).

Type material was sifted from leaf litter in secondary forest partly with Cyathea and bamboo.

This species is named after the curator of the National Museum in Prague and also the collector of the type specimens, Dr. Martin Fikáček. The specific name is a noun in apposition.

China, Hainan (Fig. 54).

Trachyphloeosoma martin sp. nov. is very easily recognizable among Chinese species by the elytral raised setae only on odd-numbered intervals and also by the pronotum being somewhat longer, only slightly wider than long, not distinctly granulate on disc, almost flat. Within the genus, Trachyphloeosoma martin sp. nov. is similar only to T. roelofsi Sharp, 1896 from Japan and T. setosum (Wollaston, 1869) known from St. Helena, where it is apparently introduced (but region of origin not yet known). Trachyphloeosoma martin sp. nov. is similar to them in having raised elytral setae only on odd intervals, but distinguished from them by a more slender and longer rostrum, 1.38–1.42 × wider than long (1.56–1.73 × in T. roelofsi and T. setosum), longer and more slender elytra, 1.44–1.48 × longer than wide, (1.19–1.27 × in T. roelofsi and T. setosum), and also by the different shape of the spermatheca, with collum distinctly longer than wide (isodiametric in T. roelofsi), or long and irregularly curved cornu (short and regularly curved in T. setosum).

China – Taiwan • 1 ♀; TianMu Gudao Hik. Trail (Taipei) Beitou Twnsh., Taipei Co., S. Samau Mt.; 3 Jan. 2009; S. Vít leg.; dead leaves; NMPC; • 1 ♀; Rd. Jhuzihhu/Shuiwei, Yangmingshan Mts., slopes E of Mt. Datun, Taipei Co.; 650 m a.s.l.; 24 Oct. 2007; S. Vít leg.; putresc. base of Cryptomeria (?); NMPC.

This species was described by Sharp from Nagasaki, Japan. Zimmerman (1956) compared the series of Trachyphloeosoma setosum Wollaston, 1869 from St. Helena with Sharp´s material of T. roelofsi from Japan and found the two series represent only one species and placed them in synonymy. However, Morimoto (2015) resurrected the name T. roelofsi as an independent species, and distinguished it from T. setosus Wollaston from St. Helena. Trachyphloeosoma roelofsi is thus known from Japan and Taiwan, while T. setosus is assumed as a species introduced to St. Helena without knowledge of its original country.

Figure 52. 

Geographical distribution of new species and new record of Rhinodontodes in China.

Figure 53. 

Geographical distribution of new record species of Rhinodontus in China.

Figure 54. 

Geographical distribution of new species of Trachyphloeosoma in China.