Body medium-sized to large; terminal antennomere slightly acute apically; median antennomeres often longer than wide, rarely slightly wider than long; pedicellus petiolate; scapus highly modified, lower inner apical rim of inner side of scapus interrupted because of a second small, more apical area; eye glabrous, weakly emarginated; face with a more or less strongly produced medially, transverse ledge, sometimes with a medial horn-like and distally concave projection above this; clypeus moderately narrow and without dorsal carina; malar suture moderately developed; labio-maxillary complex normal, not elongate; frons broadly impressed, with some setae and a median groove; mesosoma largely smooth and shiny, often more or less strongly dorsoventrally compressed; notauli largely absent; scutellar sulcus narrow and crenulate; propodeum flattened; angle between veins 1-SR and C+SC+R of fore wing more than 75°; vein r-m of forewing usually with two bullae; apex of hind wing vein C+SC+R with one thickened bristle; base of hind wing with glabrous area distal to vein cu-a; claws simple; fore tarsus at least 1.6× longer than fore femur (excluding trochantellus); fourth tarsal segment with numerous long bristles apico-ventrally, almost reaching apex of telotarsus; hind femur and tibia with relatively dense and long setae ventrally; lateral areas of T I wide and completely flattened; T II with deep oblique lateral grooves connected to wide sublateral grooves; antero-lateral grooves of T III short, and medial part of tergite 1.5× wider than its lateral parts; T III–V with distinct oblique antero-lateral grooves; ovipositor with dorsal nodus and ventral serrations subapically.

Unknown.

Afrotropical; Australasian; Oriental.

This genus is newly recorded from China.

Holotype: ♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna Meng’a, 1000 m, 23.V.1958, Pu Fuji, No. IOZ(E)1964614 (IZCAS). Paratype. 1♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Xiaomengyang, 810 m, 30.III.1957, Zang Lingchao, No. IOZ(E)1964548 (IZCAS).

This new species is very similar to C. lammellata Cameron, 1899 [India], but can be separated from the latter by the following characters: mesoscutum yellow, middle lobe anteriorly and lateral lobes laterally black (entirely yellow in C. lammellata); ovipositor sheath 0.86–0.88 × as long as body (1.35 × in C. lammellata); scape entirely blackish brown (reddish brown basally and its apical half black in C. lammellata); propodeum with strong longitudinal striae medially, and with punctures laterally (smooth in C. lammellata); T V weakly sculptured (smooth in C. lammellata).

Figure 1. 

Chaoilta breviceps sp. nov., ♀, holotype, habitus, lateral view.

Holotype, ♀, length of body 11.1 mm, of fore wing 9.8 mm, of ovipositor sheath 9.6 mm.

Head. Antenna incomplete, with 26 antennomeres remaining; median antennomeres 1.1× wider than long; third antennomere 1.1 and 1.2× longer than fourth and fifth, respectively, the latter 1.3× longer than wide; length of maxillary palp 1.1× height of head; malar suture with short setae, and with fine sculpture (Fig. 2i); clypeus height: inter-tentorial distance: tentorio-ocular distance = 3: 10: 8; clypeus with sparse long setae; eye weakly emarginated (Fig. 2g); face with a moderately developed transverse protrusion, dorsal side of protrusion with a medio-longitudinal carina which with a few branches (Fig. 2g, i); eye height: shortest distance between eyes: head width = 17: 21: 43; frons smooth, strongly and broadly depressed behind antennal sockets, with some short setae, sparsely and weakly punctate laterally, and with a strong median groove (Fig. 2h); vertex with some fine punctures, and largely glabrous except for a few short setae; minimum distance between posterior ocelli: minimum diameter of elliptical posterior ocellus: minimum distance between posterior ocellus and eye = 5: 6: 14; length of malar space 0.6× basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 1.3× temple (Fig. 2h).

Figure 2. 

Chaoilta breviceps sp. nov., ♀, holotype. a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j scapus outer side, lateral view.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 3.4× its height (Fig. 2c); pronotum emarginated medio-apically, and with dense setae postero-dorsally; notauli largely absent (Fig. 2d); middle lobe of mesoscutum weakly convex anteriorly, mesoscutum largely glabrous, but with long setae along imaginary notaulic courses (Fig. 2d); scutellar sulcus deep and narrow, crenulate (Fig. 2d); scutellum sculptured, more or less flattened; metanotum flattened medially (Fig. 2d); propodeum largely smooth, but with some longitudinal striae medially, and with a few weak punctures and long setae laterally (Fig. 2d).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 2a): SR1: 3-SR: r = 27: 17: 3; 1-SR+M bent after arising from 1-M, 1.7× longer than 1-M; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 9: 17: 6; cu-a interstitial. Hind wing (Fig. 2b): SC+R1 1.5× longer than 1r-m.

Legs. Length of fore femur: tibia: tarsus = 24: 27: 53; length of hind femur: tibia: basitarsus = 37: 60: 25; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.1, 7.5 and 5.2× their maximum width, respectively (Fig. 2f).

Metasoma. Length of T I 1.3× its apical width, median area convex and coarsely sculptured (Fig. 2e); lateral grooves of T I completely smooth (Fig. 2e); T II largely coarsely sculptured (Fig. 2e); apical width of T II 2.8× its median length, triangular medio-basal area of T II medium-sized, attached to short medio-longitudinal carina, but absent near posterior margin of T II, grooves besides medio-basal area strongly crenulate; antero-lateral areas of T II coarse, anterior grooves wide and distinctly crenulate (Fig. 2e); second suture deep, crenulate, straight medially, and becoming narrower laterally (Fig. 2e); T III and T IV coarsely sculptured, with distinct antero-lateral areas; T III–V with crenulate transverse subposterior groove (Fig. 2e); sculpture and antero-lateral areas of T V relatively weak; T VI weakly sculptured; T VII largely smooth except a few weak punctures; hypopygium acute apically, far beyond level of apex of metasoma; ovipositor sheath 0.98 × as long as fore wing.

Colour. Largely black (Fig. 1); head largely pale yellow, except for antenna, eyes, stemmaticum and apex of mandible black (Fig. 2g); anteriorly and laterally mesoscutum black and remainder pale yellow; tegula, pronotum, propleuron, fore legs (except for black claws) and middle legs (except for coxae, trochanters, second-fifth segments of tibia and claws black, first segment of tibia infuscate apically) yellow (Fig. 2c, d, f); wing membrane infuscate, area below parastigma brownish, pterostigma and veins (except for forewing vein 1-SR+M half basally, 1-SR and 1-M dark brown) pale yellow (Fig. 2a, b).

Variation. Length of body of female 8.0–11.1 mm, of fore wing of female 7.3–9.8 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 7.0–9.6 mm; length of mesosoma 2.4–3.4× its height; fore wing vein cu-a slightly postfurcal; hind wing vein SC+R1 1.5–1.9× longer than vein 1r-m; ovipositor sheath 0.96–0.98 × as long as fore wing; area below parastigma sometimes paler, only greyish brown.

Unknown.

China (Yunnan).

Named after the short head, especially in anterior view: brevis is Latin for short and -ceps is Latin for head.

1♀, China, Hainan Prov., Qiongzhong, 400 m, 16.VII.1960, Li Suofu, No. IOZ(E)1964594 (IZCAS); 1♀, China, Hainan Prov., Tongshi, 340 m, 31.VII.1960, Li Suofu, No. IOZ(E)1964592 (IZCAS); 1♀, China, Hainan Prov., Mt. Wuzhi, 27.IV.1984, Gu Maobin, No. IOZ(E)1964583 (IZCAS); 1♀, China, Hainan Prov., Baisha, 18.III.1959, Jin Gentao, No. 34023664 (SHEM); 1♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Cheli, 540 m, 12.III.1957, Wang Shuyong, No. IOZ(E)1964542 (IZCAS).

Figure 3. 

Chaoilta himalayensis (Cameron, 1899), ♀, habitus, lateral view.

Figure 4. 

Chaoilta himalayensis (Cameron, 1899). ♀ a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j first metasomal tergite, dorsal view k scapus outer side, lateral view l apex of ovipositor, lateral view m apex of antenna.

Unknown.

China (Hainan, Yunnan); India.

This species is newly recorded from China.

Body medium-sized; terminal antennomere often strongly acute apically; in lateral view scapus without double margin at inner side apically and concave apico-laterally, ventrally longer than dorsally; eye glabrous, weakly emarginated; face smooth or superficially granulate, sometimes with a few sparse punctures; clypeus moderately narrow, often flattened and without dorsal carina; malar suture moderately developed, often with long and dense setae; labio-maxillary complex normal, not elongate; frons weakly depressed, with some setae and a median groove; mesosoma largely smooth and shiny; notauli present only anteriorly; scutellar sulcus narrow and crenulate; propodeum largely smooth, without medio-longitudinal carina or groove; angle between veins 1-SR and C+SC+R of fore wing more than 75°; fore wing vein 1-SR+M straight or slightly curved subbasally; fore wing vein cu-a interstitial or slightly postfurcal; hind wing vein SC+R1 longer than vein 1r-m; basal lobes of claws largely rounded; metasoma often largely smooth and shiny; length of T I less than 1.5× its apical width; T II usually with a large medio-basal area, and with oblique lateral grooves connected to wide sublateral grooves; antero-lateral grooves of T III often wide and short; T III–V with or without antero-lateral areas; ovipositor with dorsal nodus and ventral serrations subapically.

Most species are larval ectoparasitoids of Coleoptera (especially Cerambycidae and Curculionidae, but also some species of Buprestidae and Bostrichidae), and of Lepidoptera (mainly Sesiidae, Pyralidae, Erebidae, and Tortricidae) (Webb 1909; Viereck 1912; Fahringer 1926, 1934; Ramakrishna Ayyar 1928; Myers 1932; Watanabe 1937; Györfi 1941; Grobler 1957; De Santis and Esquivel 1966; Fulmek 1968; Papp 1971; Tobias 1971, 1976, 1986; Uhthoff-Kaufmann 1990; Campadelli and Scaramozzino 1994; Cordo et al. 1995; Papp 2009; Wang et al. 2009; Yu et al. 2016).

Cosmopolitan.

Tobias and Belokobylskij (2000) divided this genus into three subgenera: Cyanopterus Haliday, 1835, Ipobracon Thomson, 1892, and Paravipio Papp, 1967; in this paper we include Bracomorpha Papp, 1971, as a subgenus; in China we have not yet found Ipobracon and Cyanopterus s. s.; and Paravipio is new to China. Bracomorpha may be easily confused with Acampyloneurus van Achterberg, 1992, but the latter has the lower ovipositor valve without teeth and the upper valve without nodus, T II with slightly converging sublateral depressions and the dorsal carina of the clypeus present. In addition, the type species has the first subdiscal cell of the fore wing distinctly (ca. 1.5×) higher than length of vein m-cu and scapus without apical ledge at inner side. In Bracomorpha the lower ovipositor valve has minute apical teeth and the upper valve has a minute nodus, the dorsal carina of the clypeus absent, T II with nearly parallel sublateral depressions or depressions largely absent, the first subdiscal cell is narrower than length of vein m-cu or subequal and scapus with more or less developed narrow apical ledge at inner side.

Figure 5. 

Cyanopterus (Bracomorpha) lucidus sp. nov., ♀, holotype, habitus, lateral view.

Holotype: ♀, China, Zhejiang Prov., Lin’an, Mt. Tianmu, 11.VI.1993, Wang Jianping, No. 935484 (ZJUH). Paratypes. 1♀, same data as holotype, No. 935465 (ZJUH); 1♀, China, Zhejiang Prov., Lin’an, Mt. Tianmu, 11.VI.1993, Xu Zaifu, No. 935252 (ZJUH).

This new species is very similar to C. (I.) praecinctus (Shestakov, 1936) [Korea; Russia], but can be separated from the latter by the following characters: in dorsal view length of eye 1.7× temple, temples distinctly narrowed behind eyes (in dorsal view length of eye 1.5× temple and temples weakly narrowed behind eyes in C. (I.) praecinctus); head with black dorsal marking small and narrowed to stemmaticum, not reaching frons (large and reaching frons); triangular medio-basal area of T II strongly tapering apically (gradually tapering apically).

Holotype, ♀, length of body 5.1 mm, of fore wing 4.7 mm, of ovipositor sheath 1.6 mm.

Head. Antenna with 42 antennomeres; terminal antennomere slender and acute, 2.3× longer than its maximum width (Fig. 6k); third antennomere 1.8× longer than its maximum width, 1.1 and 1.2× longer than fourth and fifth, respectively, the latter 1.4× longer than wide; malar suture with sparse short setae, and with fine punctures (Fig. 6i); clypeus height: inter-tentorial distance: tentorio-ocular distance = 3: 10: 7; clypeus with sparse long setae; eye weakly emarginated (Fig. 6g); face largely glabrous except for a few short setae, and with some sparse punctures (Fig. 6g); eye height: shortest distance between eyes: head width = 13: 13: 30; frons largely smooth, weakly concave behind antennal sockets, with a median groove (Fig. 6h); vertex smooth, but with some sparse short setae; minimum distance between posterior ocelli: minimum diameter of elliptical posterior ocellus: minimum distance between posterior ocellus and eye = 3: 4: 6; temples largely glabrous except for a few short setae, and directly narrowed behind eyes (Fig. 6h).

Figure 6. 

Cyanopterus (Bracomorpha) lucidus sp. nov., ♀, holotype a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j first metasomal tergite, dorsal view k apex of antenna l apex of ovipositor, lateral view.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.4× its height (Fig. 6c); notauli impressed in anterior half of mesoscutum (Fig. 6d); mesoscutum smooth, with sparse setae (Fig. 6d); scutellar sulcus rather wide, moderately deep, and with crenulae (Fig. 6d); scutellum with dense short setae posteriorly; metanotum strongly convex medially, and with a short median carina anteriorly (Fig. 6d); propodeum smooth, without longitudinal carinae or groove, with sparse setae medially, and dense long setae laterally (Fig. 6d).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 6a): SR1: 3-SR: r = 35: 23: 6; 1-SR+M weakly curved after arising from 1-M, and 1.5× longer than 1-M; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 11: 23: 9; angle between 1-SR and C+SC+R ca. 85°; m-cu straight; 2-SR+M rather short; cu-a interstitial. Hind wing (Fig. 6b): SC+R1: 2-SC+R: 1r-m = 35: 7: 15.

Legs. Length of fore femur: tibia: tarsus = 22: 26: 37; length of hind femur: tibia: basitarsus = 30: 44: 16; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.4, 8.0 and 5.3× their maximum width, respectively (Fig. 6f); hind tibial spurs 0.3 and 0.4× as long as hind basitarsus.

Metasoma. Length of T I 1.1× its apical width, median area convex and sculptured (Fig. 6j); lateral grooves of T I sparsely crenulate (Fig. 6j); T II largely sculptured, but smooth posteriorly (Fig. 6e); triangular medio-basal area of T II large and smooth, with a few short oblique carinae connected laterally, and acute apically, but not attached with medio-longitudinal carina; antero-lateral areas of T II developed and smooth, anterior grooves moderately wide and crenulate (Fig. 6e); second suture deep and crenulate, wide and straight medially, narrow laterally (Fig. 6e); T III–V with antero-lateral areas, and crenulate transverse subposterior groove (Fig. 6e); T III–VII largely smooth, and with spare long setae posteriorly; hypopygium acute apically, not reaching level of apex of metasoma; ovipositor sheath 0.3× as long as fore wing.

Colour. Head and mesosoma largely reddish yellow (Fig. 5); antenna (scapus and pedicellus paler), eyes, mandible apically, stemmaticum, metapleuron dorsally and propodeum (except medio-anteriorly) blackish brown (Fig. 6c, d, g, h); fore leg (except for telotarsus and claws dark brown) reddish yellow, middle and hind legs dark brown (Fig. 6f); metasoma and ovipositor sheath blackish brown (Figs 5, 6e); wing membrane infuscate, pterostigma and veins dark brown (Fig. 6a, b).

Variation . Length of body of female 5.1–6.2 mm, of fore wing of female 4.7–5.7 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 1.5–1.7 mm; antenna of female with 42–50 antennomeres; crenulate transverse subposterior grooves of T III–V are sometimes absent medially; scutellum, metanotum, metapleuron and propodeum sometimes uniformly black.

Unknown.

China (Zhejiang).

Named after the shiny face: lucidus is Latin for shining.

The type series have been reared from a larva of Monochamus alternatus Hope, 1842 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (Wang et al. 2009).

China (Zhejiang).

Wang et al. (2009) first reported the species from Zhejiang (SE. China), but no specimens were available for our study.

Holotype: ♀, China, Zhejiang Prov., Mt. Tianmu, 23.VI.1984, Zhu Xiliang, No. 842005 (ZJUH). Paratypes. 1♀, China, Zhejiang Prov., Anji, Mt. Longwang, 31.VIII.1983, Chen Xuexin, No. 939811 (ZJUH); 1♀, China, Zhejiang Prov., Mt. West Tianmu, 4.IX.1987, Chen Xuexin, No. 877070 (ZJUH); 1♀, China, Zhejiang Prov., Songyang, 18–31.VII.1989, He Junhua, No. 895329 (ZJUH); 1♀, China, Zhejiang Prov., Mt. West Tianmu, 3.IX.1987, Wang Xingeng, No. 876768 (ZJUH); 1♀, China, Henan Prov., Mt. Jigong, 11.VII.1997, Chen Xuexin, No. 973715 (ZJUH); 1♀, China, Fujian Prov., Mt. Meihua, 1000–1400m, 23–24.VII.1988, Fan Jinjiang, No. 886653 (ZJUH).

Figure 7. 

Cyanopterus (Bracomorpha) transversus sp. nov., ♀, holotype, habitus, lateral view.

This new species is very similar to C. (I.) bohayicus Belokobylskij, 2000 [Russia], but can be separated from the latter by the following characters: T I 1.0–1.1× longer than apical width (1.35 × in C. (I.) bohayicus); fore leg blackish brown (yellowish brown); triangular medio-basal area of T II gradually tapering apically (strongly tapering apically); ovipositor sheath 0.2–0.3× as long as fore wing (0.4×).

Holotype, ♀, length of body 6.2 mm, of fore wing 6.5 mm, of ovipositor sheath 1.6 mm.

Head. Antenna with 55 antennomeres; apical antennomere acute, 2.4× longer than its maximum width; third antennomere 1.6× longer than its maximum width, 1.3 and 1.4× longer than fourth and fifth antennomers, respectively, the latter 1.1× longer than wide; malar suture with dense short setae (Fig. 8i); clypeus height: inter-tentorial distance: tentorio-ocular distance = 3: 8: 5; clypeus with sparse long setae; eye weakly emarginated (Fig. 8g); face granulate, with dense and long setae (Fig. 8g); eye height: shortest distance between eyes: head width = 14: 17: 32; frons largely smooth, weakly concave behind antennal sockets, with a strong median groove (Fig. 8h); vertex smooth, but with short setae especially laterally; minimum distance between posterior ocelli: minimum diameter of elliptical posterior ocellus: minimum distance between posterior ocellus and eye = 1: 1: 2; temples largely smooth except for a few weak punctures, with sparse setae, and directly narrowed behind eyes (Fig. 8h).

Figure 8. 

Cyanopterus (Bracomorpha) transversus sp. nov., ♀, holotype a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j first metasomal tergite, dorsal view k apex of ovipositor, lateral view.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.5× its height (Fig. 8c); notauli impressed in anterior half of mesoscutum (Fig. 8d); mesoscutum smooth, with some sparse setae (Fig. 8d); scutellar sulcus rather wide, moderately deep, and with crenulae (Fig. 8d); scutellum with dense short setae posteriorly; metanotum strongly convex medially, and with a short median carina anteriorly (Fig. 8d); propodeum smooth, without longitudinal carinae or groove, with sparse setae medially, and with dense long setae laterally (Fig. 8d).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 8a): SR1: 3-SR: r = 42: 31: 7; 1-SR+M more or less straight, and 1.6× longer than 1-M; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 13: 31: 11; angle between 1-SR and C+SC+R ca. 80°; m-cu straight; 2-SR+M rather short; cu-a slightly postfurcal. Hind wing (Fig. 8b): SC+R1: 2-SC+R: 1r-m = 31: 8: 17.

Legs. Length of fore femur: tibia: tarsus = 25: 27: 41; length of hind femur: tibia: basitarsus = 33: 46: 18; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.7, 7.7 and 4.5× their maximum width, respectively (Fig. 8f); hind tibial spurs 0.35 and 0.40 × as long as hind basitarsus.

Metasoma. Length of T I equal to its apical width, median area convex and coarsely sculptured (Fig. 8j); lateral grooves of T I strongly crenulate (Fig. 8j); T II largely sculptured except posteriorly (Fig. 8e); triangular medio-basal area of T II large and smooth, with some short oblique carinae laterally, and acute apically, but without medio-longitudinal carina; antero-lateral areas of T II developed and smooth, anterior grooves moderately wide and sparsely crenulate (Fig. 8e); second suture deep and crenulate, wide and straight medially, narrow laterally (Fig. 8e); T III–V with antero-lateral areas, and crenulate transverse subposterior groove (Fig. 8e); T III–VII largely smooth, and with sparse short setae; hypopygium acute apically, not reaching level of apex of metasoma; ovipositor sheath 0.2× as long as fore wing.

Colour. Head largely black, mandible (except for apically) and maxillary palps basally yellowish brown, surrounding area of eyes reddish yellow (Fig. 8g, h); mesosoma largely reddish yellow (Fig. 8c), metanotum, metapleuron and propodeum black (Fig. 8c, d); legs, metasoma and ovipositor sheath black (Figs 7, 8e, f); wing membrane greyish brown, pterostigma and veins dark brown (Fig. 8a, b).

Variation. Length of body of female 5.6–6.5 mm, of fore wing of female 6.0–6.9 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 1.4–2.3 mm; ovipositor sheath 0.5–0.6× as long as fore wing; length of mesosoma 1.4–1.7× its height; length of T I 1.0–1.1× its apical width; ovipositor sheath 0.2–0.3× as long as fore wing; fore femur and tibia sometimes somewhat reddish yellow.

Unknown.

China (Henan, Fujian, Zhejiang).

Named after the transverse head, especially so in dorsal view: transversus is Latin for transverse.

9♀♀, 17♂♂, China, Heilongjiang Prov., Yichun, ?.?.1985, Jin Liyuan, No. 864299 (five specimens), 864298 (three specimens), 864300 (five specimens), 864301(six specimens), 864732 (two specimens), 864735, 864736 (three specimens), 864738 (ZJUH); 2♀♀, 1♂, China, Helongjiang Prov., Daicen, 24.VII.1977, He Junhua, No. 771723, 771674, 771671 (ZJUH); 1♀, 2♂♂, China, Jilin Prov., Mt. Changbai, 10.VIII.1977, He Junhua, No. 771350, 771486, 771480 (ZJUH).

Figure 9. 

Cyanopterus (Bracomorpha) tricolor (Ivanov, 1896), ♀, habitus, lateral view.

Unknown.

China (Heilongjiang, Jilin); Russia; Ukraine.

This species is newly recorded from China.

Figure 10. 

Cyanopterus (Bracomorpha) tricolor (Ivanov, 1896). ♀ a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j first metasomal tergite, dorsal view k scapus outer side, lateral view l apex of antenna.

1♀, China, Jilin Prov., Mt. Changbai, 10.VIII.1977, He Junhua, No. 771330 (ZJUH); 1♂, China, Helongjiang Prov., Daicen, 24.VII.1977, He Junhua, No. 771793 (ZJUH).

Unknown.

China (Heilongjiang, Jilin); Korea; Russia.

This species is newly recorded from China.

Figure 11. 

Cyanopterus (Paravipio) jakuticus (Tobias, 1973), ♀, habitus, lateral view.

Figure 12. 

Cyanopterus (Paravipio) jakuticus (Tobias, 1973). ♀. a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j first metasomal tergite, dorsal view k scapus outer side, lateral view l apex of ovipositor, lateral view.

Body large; terminal antennomere often strongly acute apically; median antennomeres usually weakly wider than long; in lateral view scapus without double margin or with narrow ledge at inner side apically and slightly concave apico-laterally, ventrally longer than dorsally; eye glabrous, not or weakly emarginate; face strongly sculptured, depressed below and between the antennal sockets; clypeus moderately narrow, rugose and often without dorsal carina; malar suture moderately developed, often rugose; labio-maxillary complex normal, not elongate; frons strongly depressed, with a weak median groove; middle lobe of mesoscutum protruding strongly in front of lateral lobes; notauli developed and complete; scutellar sulcus narrow and crenulate; scutellum sometimes with an emargination medio-anteriorly; metanotum convex medially, and sometimes with a short and somewhat protruding median carina; propodeum often smooth, without medio-longitudinal carina or groove; angle between veins 1-SR and C+SC+R of fore wing more than 75°; vein 1-SR+M of fore wing evenly and strongly arched, forms with bases of vein 1-SR+M and 1-M a widened inverted “Y”; vein m-cu of fore wing widened; second submarginal cell of fore wing relatively long and parallel-sided; vein cu-a of fore wing interstitial or slightly postfurcal; hind wing vein 1r-m often distinctly shorter than SC+R1; claws simple; T I with parallel angulate sides of medial area, and comparatively flat, usually with lateral and medio-longitudinal carinae; T II usually with a triangular medio-basal triangular area connected to a medio-longitudinal carina apically, but absent near posterior margin of T II; second suture crenulate; hypopygium rather acute apically, usually beyond level of apex of metasoma; ovipositor normal, distinctly longer than body, subapically upper valve with nodus, and its lower valve with teeth ventrally.

Unknown.

Oriental.

This genus is new to China.

Holotype: ♀, China, Hainan Prov., Jianfengling, 6.V.1983, Gu Maobin, No. IOZ(E)1964585 (IZCAS).

This new species is very similar to Gammabracon scrobi Quicke, 1984 [Indonesia], but can be separated from the latter by the following characters: wing membrane uniformly yellow (basal half yellow and apical half greyish brown in G. scrobi); anterior margin of scutellum with a shallow pit and metanotum without short carina anteriorly (anterior margin of scutellum with a deep pit and metanotum with short carina anteriorly); apical half of medio-longitudinal carina of T I absent (medio-longitudinal carina of T I complete); T IV striate anteriorly, remainder of tergite smooth (entirely smooth).

Figure 13. 

Gammabracon uniformis sp. nov., ♀, holotype, habitus, lateral view.

Holotype, ♀, length of body 13.2 mm, of fore wing 12.2 mm, of ovipositor sheath 20.7 mm.

Head. Antenna incomplete, with 48 antennomeres remaining; third antennomere 1.5 and 1.6× longer than fourth and fifth, respectively; third and fourth antennomeres 1.8 and 1.3× longer than wide, respectively; length of maxillary palp 0.8× height of head; malar suture with sparse short setae (Fig. 14i); clypeus height: inter-tentorial distance: tentorio-ocular distance = 7: 11: 9; clypeus coarsely rugose, with sparse long setae; eye not emarginated (Fig. 14g); face coarsely sculptured, with some sparse and long setae (Fig. 14g); frons smooth, distinctly depressed behind antennal sockets, with a median groove (Fig. 14h); vertex smooth, with a few short setae; minimum distance between posterior ocelli: minimum diameter of elliptical posterior ocellus: minimum distance between posterior ocellus and eye = 2: 3: 8; temples largely smooth except for a few weak punctures, and with sparse short setae laterally, subparallel immediately behind eyes (Fig. 14h); in dorsal view length of eye 1.7× temple.

Figure 14. 

Gammabracon uniformis sp. nov., ♀, holotype a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j scapus outer side, lateral view k apex of ovipositor, lateral view.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.7× its height (Fig. 14c); notauli distinctly impressed (Fig. 14d); scutellar sulcus wide and deep, with crenulae (Fig. 14d); scutellum with a weak emargination medio-anteriorly, and with some short setae posteriorly; metanotum convex medially, but without median carina anteriorly; propodeum largely smooth except for a few crenulae posteriorly, with sparse setae medially, and with dense long setae laterally (Fig. 14d).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 14a): SR1: 3-SR: r = 43: 26: 8; m-cu 1.2× longer than 3-CU1; cu-a interstitial. Hind wing (Fig. 14b): SC+R1 1.7× longer than 1r-m; anterior margin nearly not concave beyond the subbasal cell.

Legs. Length of fore femur: tibia: tarsus = 37: 43: 57; length of hind femur: tibia: basitarsus = 44: 63: 26; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 4.8, 10.5 and 6.5× their maximum width, respectively (Fig. 14f); hind tibial spurs 0.3 and 0.2× as long as hind basitarsus.

Metasoma. Length of T I 1.4× its apical width, median area convex and with a few longitudinal carinae (Fig. 14e); lateral grooves of T I smooth (Fig. 14e); T II strongly longitudinally rugose but antero-lateral areas smooth (Fig. 14e); medio-basal area of T II connected to medio-longitudinal carina apically but absent near posterior margin of T II, medio-longitudinal carina with some transverse crenulae laterally; antero-lateral areas of T II rather small, anterior grooves wide, with a few sparse crenulae (Fig. 14e); second suture deep and wide, with crenulae, more or less straight medially (Fig. 14e); T III longitudinally rugose but posteriorly and antero-lateral areas smooth, with a strong medio-longitudinal carina not reaching posterior margin of T, median area weakly raised and posteriorly defined by a deep transverse crenulate groove; T IV largely smooth but longitudinally rugose medially; T III and T IV with antero-lateral areas and grooves (T V weak); T V–VII smooth; hypopygium rather acute apically, reaching just beyond the level of apex of metasoma; ovipositor sheath 1.7× longer than fore wing.

Colour. Largely yellow (Fig. 13); antennomeres except scape and pedicel, eye, mandible apically, fore and middle tarsi apically, hind leg, claws, ovipositor sheath black (Figs 13, 14g, f); metasomal tergites reddish yellow (Fig. 14e); wing membrane, pterostigma, and veins yellow (Fig. 14a, b).

Unknown.

China (Hainan).

Named after the all yellow wing membrane, pterostigma and veins: uniformis is Latin for uniform.

Holotype: ♀, China, Fujian Prov., Kangshang, 9.IX.1993, Wang Jiashe, No. 854314 (ZJUH).

This new species is very similar to Gammabracon uniformis sp. nov., but can be separated from the latter by the following characters: basal third of pterostigma yellow, and apical 2/3 dark brown (uniformly yellow in G. uniformis); hind leg yellow, tarsus infuscate (blackish brown); hind wing vein SC+R1 2.2× longer than vein 1r-m (1.7× vein 1r-m); hind femur 3.9× as long as its maximum width (4.8×); fore wing vein cu-a slightly postfurcal (interstitial); medio-basal area of T II relatively large (small).

Figure 15. 

Gammabracon wangi sp. nov., ♀, holotype, habitus, lateral view.

Holotype, ♀, length of body 10.5 mm, of fore wing 9.7 mm, of ovipositor sheath 17.1 mm.

Head. Antenna with 61 antennomeres; apical antennomere strongly acute, 1.9× longer than its maximum width (Fig. 16k); penultimate antennomere 1.3× longer than its maximum width, and 0.7× as long as apical antennomere; median antennomeres 1.2× longer than wide; third antennomere 1.3 and 1.4× longer than fourth and fifth, respectively; third and fourth antennomeres 1.8 and 1.4× longer than wide, respectively; length of maxillary palp 0.9× height of head; malar suture with dense short setae (Fig. 16i); clypeus height: inter-tentorial distance: tentorio-ocular distance = 6: 11: 10; clypeus coarsely rugose, with sparse long setae; eye weakly emarginate (Fig. 16g); face coarsely sculptured, with some sparse and long setae (Fig. 16g); frons smooth, distinctly depressed behind antennal sockets, with a median groove (Fig. 16h); vertex smooth, with a few short setae; minimum distance between posterior ocelli: minimum diameter of elliptical posterior ocellus: minimum distance between posterior ocellus and eye = 5: 7: 18; temples largely smooth except for a few weak punctures, and with sparse long setae laterally, subparallel immediately behind eyes (Fig. 16h); in dorsal view length of eye 1.6× temple.

Figure 16. 

Gammabracon wangi sp. nov., ♀, holotype. a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j first metasomal tergite, dorsal view k apex of antenna l apex of ovipositor, lateral view.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.8× its height (Fig. 16c); notauli distinctly impressed (Fig. 16d); scutellar sulcus wide and deep, with crenulae (Fig. 16d); scutellum with a weak emargination medio-anteriorly, and with some short setae posteriorly; metanotum convex medially, but without median carina anteriorly; propodeum largely smooth except for a few crenulae posteriorly, with sparse setae medially, and with dense long setae laterally (Fig. 16d).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 16a): SR1: 3-SR: r = 47: 31: 8; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 19: 31: 10; m-cu 1.4× longer than 3-CU1; cu-a weakly postfurcal. Hind wing (Fig. 16b): SC+R1 2.2× longer than 1r-m; anterior margin weakly concave beyond the subbasal cell.

Legs. Length of fore femur: tibia: tarsus = 34: 38: 52; length of hind femur: tibia: basitarsus = 45: 77: 28; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.9, 11.8 and 9.3× their maximum width, respectively (Fig. 16f); hind tibial spurs 0.3 and 0.2× as long as hind basitarsus.

Metasoma. Length of T I 1.1× its apical width, median area convex and coarsely sculptured but posteriorly smooth, with a medio-longitudinal carina posteriorly (Fig. 16j); lateral grooves of T I smooth (Fig. 16j); T II largely smooth, but with some oblique carinae besides medio-longitudinal carina (Fig. 16e); T II medio-basal area connected to medio-longitudinal carina apically, but absent near posterior margin of T; antero-lateral areas of T II small, strongly acute apically, anterior grooves wide, with some strong crenulae (Fig. 16e); second suture deep and wide, with crenulae, more or less straight medially (Fig. 16e); T III largely smooth, median area strongly raised and posteriorly defined by a deep sinuate transverse crenulate groove, median area with a few weak punctures laterally; T IV with transverse depression medially; T III and T IV with antero-lateral areas and grooves (of T V weak); T IV–VII smooth; hypopygium rather acute apically, protruding just beyond level of apex of metasoma; ovipositor sheath 1.8× longer than fore wing.

Colour. Largely yellow (Fig. 15); antenna black (scapus yellow, with black stripe outer side) apical antennomeres (except for first-third antennomeres black) reddish yellow (Fig. 16i, k); eye, mandible apically, claws, part of dorsal carina and dorso-lateral carinae of T I, medio-longitudinal carina and lateral margins of medio-basal area of T II, ovipositor sheath black (Figs 15, 16e, g, j); hind tarsus infuscate (Fig. 16f); wing membrane yellow, pterostigma dark brown but basally yellow, veins largely brown, but fore wing vein 1-SR+M yellow (basally narrowly yellowish brown) (Fig. 16a, b).

Unknown.

China (Fujian).

Named after the name of the collector of holotype.

Body medium-sized to large; antenna longer than fore wing; terminal antennomere pointed, but not acute apically, median antennomeres distinctly wider than long; in lateral view scapus without double margin at inner side apically and strongly concave apico-laterally, ventrally ca. as long as or rarely slightly shorter than dorsally; eye large and glabrous, weakly emarginate; face weakly and sparsely punctate; clypeus moderately narrow and without dorsal carina, above clypeus with shallow triangular depression; malar suture moderately shallow; labio-maxillary complex normal, not or slightly elongate; frons weakly depressed, with some setae and a median groove; mesosoma smooth and shiny; notauli only impressed anteriorly; scutellar sulcus completely smooth; median area of metanotum relatively small; propodeum smooth and flattened; angle between veins 1-SR and C+SC+R of fore wing less than 40°; vein 1-SR+M of forewing usually straight, rarely slightly curved after arising from 1-M; forewing vein 3-CU1 usually more or less expanded posteriorly; second submarginal cell of fore wing distinctly expanded distally; forewing vein cu-a postfurcal or more or less interstitial; hind wing vein 2-SC+R usually interstitial or distinctly transverse (but longitudinal in I. indiscretus); hind wing with five to eight basal bristles; claws simple; fourth tarsal segment more or less protruding at inner side apically; metasoma in dorsal view relatively slender; T II with large rhombic medio-basal area and laterally depressed, resulting in a narrow medial part; T III often with large and raised antero-lateral areas; T III–V without deep oblique antero-lateral grooves; ovipositor with weak dorsal nodus and small ventral serrations subapically.

Unknown.

Australasian; Oriental.

This genus is newly recorded from China.

Holotype: ♀, China, Hainan Prov., Jianfengling, 29.IV.1983, Gu Maobin, No. IOZ(E)1964612 (IZCAS).

This new species is very similar to I. baltazarae Quicke & Butcher, 2010 [Philippines], but can be separated from the latter by the following characters: scape blackish brown with a reversed U-shaped yellow spot dorsally (yellow with black lateral streak in I. baltazarae); second submarginal cell of fore wing relatively short, vein 2-M 2.8× as long as vein 2-SR (3.45 × vein 2-SR); fore wing vein cu-a distinctly curved and postfurcal (straight and interstitial); base of hind wing with rather narrow glabrous areas on either side of vein cu-a (hind wing subbasal cell glabrous on posterior half and with large glabrous area distal to vein cu-a); hind femur yellow, without black mark (hind femur black ventro-distally).

Figure 17. 

Ischnobracon guttatus sp. nov., ♀, holotype, habitus, lateral view.

Holotype, ♀, length of body 14.8 mm, of fore wing 12.0 mm, of ovipositor sheath 9.0 mm.

Head. Antenna incomplete, with 88 antennomeres remaining; median antennomeres 1.6× wider than their length; third antennomere 1.1 and 1.2× longer than fourth and fifth respectively, the latter being 1.4× wider than its length; scapus 1.5× longer than its apical width (Fig. 18j); tentorio-ocular distance: inter-tentorial distance: distance between clypeus and antennal sockets = 7: 9: 14; shortest distance between eyes: head width: eye height = 18: 35: 17; shortest distance between posterior ocelli: shortest distance between posterior ocellus and eye: width of head behind eyes (occiput) = 4: 9: 34; occiput with sparse setae medially, and with dense long setae laterally (Fig. 18h).

Figure 18. 

Ischnobracon guttatus sp. nov., ♀, holotype a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j scapus outer side, lateral view k scapus outer side, dorsal view l apex of ovipositor, lateral view.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma twice its height (Fig. 18c); notauli only impressed on anterior third of mesoscutum (Fig. 18d).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 18a): r: SR1: 3-SR = 8: 17: 19; 1-SR+M more or less straight; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 8: 17: 8; 2-M 2.8× longer than 2-SR; cu-a strongly curved and postfurcal. Hind wing (Fig. 18b): base with a rather narrow glabrous area distal to cu-a; 2-SC+R distinctly transverse; 1r-m 1.9× longer than SC+R1.

Legs. Length of fore femur: tibia: tarsus = 24: 27: 38; fore basitarsus 4.2× longer than its maximum width; fore tarsus ventro-apically with rather dense and long setae; length of hind femur: tibia: basitarsus = 33: 48: 16; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.9, 8.0 and 4.0× their maximum width, respectively (Fig. 18f).

Metasoma. Metasomal tergites smooth (Fig. 18e); length of T I 1.6× its apical width, raised median area not depressed medially (Fig. 18e); median length of T II 1.1× its apical width; antero-lateral areas of T III large, apical width of T III 1.2× its median length (Fig. 18e); tergites with dense and long setae especially posteriorly except for the raised areas (Fig. 18e); ovipositor sheath 0.7× as long as fore wing.

Colour. Largely yellow (Fig. 17); eye, mandible apically, metanotum and propodeum blackish brown (Fig. 18d, g); antenna blackish brown, becoming yellow towards apex (Fig. 17); scapus with a reverse yellow U-shaped spot dorsally (Fig. 18k); around stemmaticum with a drop-shaped black spot (Fig. 18h); ovipositor sheath black (Fig. 17); wing membrane largely yellow but smoky grey apically; stigmal spot brown; marginal cell with a small brown spot anteriorly; pterostigma yellow; veins largely yellow (Fig. 18a, b).

Unknown.

China (Hainan).

Named after the surrounded area of stemmaticum with a drop-shaped black spot: guttatus is Latin for drop-shaped.

1♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, Damenglong, 650 m, 11.VII.1958, Hong Chunpei, No. IOZ(E)1964525 (IZCAS); 1♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Xiaomengyang, 900 m, 5.V.1957, Pu Fuji, No. IOZ(E) 1964596 (IZCAS); 1♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Yiwubanna, MengLun, 650 m, 3.VIII.1959, Li Suofu, No. IOZ(E) 1964526 (IZCAS); 1♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, Meng’a, 1050 m, 16.X.1958, Chen Zhizi, No. IOZ(E) 1964628 (IZCAS).

Unknown.

China (Yunnan); Indonesia; Myanmar; Thailand.

This species is new to China.

Figure 19. 

Ischnobracon hannongbuai Quicke et Butcher, 2010, ♀, habitus, lateral view.

Figure 20. 

Ischnobracon hannongbuai Quicke et Butcher, 2010. ♀ a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j scapus outer side, lateral view k apex of ovipositor, lateral view.

1♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, Xiaomengyang, 850 m, 22.X.1957, Wang Shuyong, No. IOZ(E)1964524 (IZCAS); 1♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, Mengla, 620–650 m, 10.VI.1959, Li Suofu, No. IOZ(E) 1964523 (IZCAS); 1♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Cheli, 620 m, 18.IV.1957, Zang Lingchao, No. IOZ(E) 1964537 (IZCAS).

Unknown.

China (Yunnan); India.

This species is newly recorded from China.

Figure 21. 

Ischnobracon v-macula (Cameron, 1899), ♀, habitus, lateral view.

Figure 22. 

Ischnobracon v-macula (Cameron, 1899). ♀ a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j first metasomal tergite, dorsal view k hind femur, lateral view l scapus outer side, lateral view m apex of ovipositor, lateral view n. apex of antenna.

Body medium-sized to large; terminal antennomere slightly acute apically; scapus often with a strong secondary edge on its inner side apically, distinctly removed from pedicellus and with more or less oblique and usually angulate outer side basally, and pedicellus more or less petiolate basally in dorsal view or pedicellus and scapus both strongly compressed; outer side of scapus distinctly angulate and oblique subbasally, but sometimes rounded; in lateral view scapus often ventrally longer than dorsally; lateral of antennal sockets usually with deep depression (often as oblique groove, but sometimes weak); eye glabrous, not or weakly emarginate; face medio-dorsally with a reversed Y-shaped impression or with a narrow groove, but sometimes obsolescent; clypeus moderately narrow, partly or completely flattened and without dorsal carina; malar suture moderately developed; labio-maxillary complex normal, not elongate; frons often strongly depressed, with a developed median groove; mesosoma largely smooth and shiny; notauli at least present anteriorly, sometimes complete; scutellar sulcus crenulate; metanotum strongly convex medially; propodeum largely smooth, sometimes with a short medio-longitudinal groove anteriorly, and often with crenulae posteriorly; angle between veins 1-SR and C+SC+R of fore wing more than 60°; fore wing vein 1-SR+M variable, more or less straight, or weakly curved to distinctly angled after arising from vein 1-M; hind wing vein C+SC+R with only one basal bristle; claws simple; metasomal tergites usually largely strongly sculptured, rarely smooth; T I with a medio-longitudinal carina posteriorly, dorsolateral carinae present; T II usually with a weakly to strongly raised medio-basal triangular area connected to medio-longitudinal carina apically, but absent near posterior margin of T II; T II–IV partly coarsely striate-rugose; hypopygium rather acute apically; ovipositor with dorsal nodus and ventral serrations subapically, often longer than body.

Unknown.

Afrotropical; Australasian; Oriental; Palaearctic.

This genus is newly recorded from China.

Holotype: ♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, Xiaomengyang, 850 m, 20.X.1958, Pu Fuji, No. IOZ(E)1964555 (IZCAS). Paratypes. 2♀, same data as holotype, but No. IOZ(E)1964575 and IOZ(E)1964576 (IZCAS). 1♀, id., but 19.VIII.1958, Zhang Yiran, No. IOZ(E)1964557 (IZCAS).

This new species is very similar to Monilobracon quadriceps (Smith, 1858) [Malaysia], but can be separated from the latter by the following characters: hind coxae blackish brown (reddish brown in M. quadriceps); wing membrane yellow, greyish brown apically, without subhyaline spot (with few subhyaline spots); T I blackish brown laterally (lateral areas yellow); fore wing vein 1-SR+M more or less straight (weakly curved).

Holotype, ♀, length of body 15.2 mm, of fore wing 14.8 mm, of ovipositor sheath 16.6 mm.

Figure 23. 

Monilobracon longitudinalis sp. nov., ♀, holotype, habitus, lateral view.

Figure 24. 

Monilobracon longitudinalis sp. nov., ♀, holotype a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j first metasomal tergite, dorsal view k scapus outer side, lateral view l apex of antenna m apex of ovipositor, lateral view.

Head. Antenna with 64 antennomeres; apical antennomere pointed and slightly acute, 2.1× longer than its maximum width (Fig. 24l); penultimate antennomere 1.2× longer than its maximum width, and 0.6× as long as apical antennomere; median antennomeres 0.9× longer than wide; third antennomere 1.3 and 1.4× longer than fourth and fifth, respectively, the latter 1.2× longer than wide; length of maxillary palp 0.8× height of head; malar suture with sparse short setae, and with fine punctures (Fig. 24i); clypeus height: inter-tentorial distance: tentorio-ocular distance = 7: 10: 8; clypeus with sparse long setae; eye weakly emarginated (Fig. 24g); face largely glabrous except for a few short setae, and with some sparse punctures (Fig. 24g); eye height: shortest distance between eyes: head width = 4: 5: 10; frons largely smooth, strongly concave behind antennal sockets, with a developed median groove (Fig. 24h); vertex largely smooth except for a few weak punctures, with some sparse short setae; minimum distance between posterior ocelli: minimum diameter of elliptical posterior ocellus: minimum distance between posterior ocellus and eye = 5: 6: 18; length of malar space 1.0× basal width of mandible; temples largely glabrous except for a few short setae, and subparallel behind eyes (Fig. 24h); in dorsal view length of eye 1.4× temple.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.9× its height (Fig. 24c); notauli impressed anterior half, shallow posteriorly (Fig. 24d); mesoscutum smooth, with sparse short setae (Fig. 24d); scutellar sulcus wide, moderately deep, and with crenulae (Fig. 24d); scutellum with dense short setae posteriorly; metanotum strongly convex medially (Fig. 24d); propodeum smooth, without medio-longitudinal groove anteriorly, with a few short crenulae posteriorly, with sparse setae medially, and with dense long setae laterally (Fig. 24d).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 24a): SR1: 3-SR: r = 38: 35: 7; 1-SR+M more or less straight, and 1.1× longer than 1-M; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 16: 35: 15; m-cu straight, and 4.0× longer than 2-SR+M; cu-a slightly postfurcal. Hind wing (Fig. 24b): 1r-m transverse; SC+R1: 2-SC+R: 1r-m = 28: 4: 19.

Legs. Length of fore femur: tibia: tarsus = 5: 6: 9; length of hind femur: tibia: basitarsus = 38: 69: 21; length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 3.8, 9.9, and 5.3× their maximum widths, respectively (Fig. 24f).

Metasoma. Length of T I 1.3× its apical width, median area convex and with a medio-longitudinal carina, smooth anteriorly, and longitudinally rugose posteriorly (Fig. 24j); lateral grooves of T I sparsely crenulate (Fig. 24j); T II longitudinally rugose including medio-basal area, but antero-lateral areas smooth posteriorly (Fig. 24e); triangular medio-basal area of T II moderately large, attached to medio-longitudinal carina apically but absent near posterior margin of T II; antero-lateral areas of T II developed, longitudinally rugose anteriorly and smooth posteriorly, anterior grooves weakly and sparsely crenulate (Fig. 24e); second suture deep and crenulate, wide and curved medially, narrow laterally (Fig. 24e); T III largely longitudinally rugose but smooth posteriorly, antero-lateral areas weakly rugose; T III–V with antero-lateral areas, and crenulate transverse subposterior groove (Fig. 24e); T IV–VII smooth, and with dense long setae posteriorly; hypopygium acute apically, reaching level of apex of metasoma; ovipositor sheath 1.1× as long as fore wing.

Colour. Head and mesosoma largely yellow (Fig. 23); antenna, eye, and mandible apically black (Fig. 24g); fore and middle legs (except for tarsus apically and claws black) yellow, hind leg black (Fig. 24f); metasoma (except T I and T II dark brown) and ovipositor sheath black (Figs 23, 24e); wing membrane yellow, but black brown apically (hind wing including posterior margin medially), stigmal spot black brown, first subdiscal cell of fore wing with a blackish brown spot medio-posteriorly, pterostigma yellow but apically blackish brown, basal veins yellow and apical veins dark brown (Fig. 24a, b).

Variation. Length of body of female 14.9–15.9 mm, of fore wing of female 14.6–15.6 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 16.6–21.0 mm; antenna of female with 64–66 antennomeres; median antennomeres 0.9–1.2× longer than wide; face sometimes with dense short setae; length of mesosoma 1.7–1.9× its height; fore wing vein SR1 0.9–1.1× longer than vein 3-SR; ovipositor sheath 1.1–1.3× as long as fore wing; second-ninth antennomeres sometimes infuscate.

Unknown.

China (Yunnan).

Named after the largely longitudinally rugose T I–III: longitudinalis is Latin for longitudinal.

Holotype: ♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, Xiaomengyang, 850 m, 23.VI.1957, Zang Lingchao, No. IOZ(E)1964556 (IZCAS).

This new species is very similar to Monilobracon longitudinalis sp. nov., but can be separated from the latter by the following characters: stemmaticum blackish brown (yellow in M. longitudinalis); fore wing without a stigmal spot (with a blackish brown stigmal spot); medio-basal area of T II relatively large and without sub-lateral areas (medio-basal are relatively small, and with large sublateral areas); basal half of T IV with striae (smooth); metasomal tergites blackish brown, but posterior margins of T III–VII whitish yellow (metasomal tergites blackish brown, but sublateral areas of T II partly yellowish); ovipositor sheath 2.0× longer than fore wing (1.1–1.3×).

Holotype, ♀, length of body 13.6 mm, of fore wing 12.7 mm, of ovipositor sheath 25.0 mm.

Figure 25. 

Monilobracon marginatus sp. nov., ♀, holotype, habitus, lateral view.

Figure 26. 

Monilobracon marginatus sp. nov., ♀, holotype a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j first metasomal tergite, dorsal view k scapus outer side, lateral view l apex of ovipositor, lateral view.

Head. Antenna incomplete, with 19 antennomeres remaining; median antennomeres as long as wide; third antennomere 1.2 and 1.3× longer than fourth and fifth, respectively, the latter 1.2× longer than wide; maxillary palp incomplete; malar suture with sparse short setae, and finely sculptured (Fig. 26i); clypeus height: inter-tentorial distance: tentorio-ocular distance = 7: 9: 8; clypeus with sparse short setae; eye weakly emarginate (Fig. 26g); face coarsely sculptured (Fig. 26g); eye height: shortest distance between eyes: head width = 19: 25: 48; frons largely smooth, strongly concave behind antennal sockets, with a distinct median groove (Fig. 26h); vertex largely smooth except for a few weak punctures, with some sparse short setae; minimum distance between posterior ocelli: minimum diameter of elliptical posterior ocellus: minimum distance between posterior ocellus and eye = 5: 7: 16; length of malar space equal to basal width of mandible; temples largely glabrous except for a few short setae, and weakly narrowed behind eyes (Fig. 28h); in dorsal view length of eye 1.5× temple.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.5× its height (Fig. 26c); notauli impressed in anterior half of mesoscutum, shallow posteriorly (Fig. 26d); mesoscutum smooth, with sparse short setae (Fig. 26d); scutellar sulcus rather wide, moderately deep, and with crenulae (Fig. 26d); scutellum with dense short setae posteriorly; metanotum strongly convex medially (Fig. 26d); propodeum smooth, with short medio-longitudinal groove anteriorly, and with few short crenulae posteriorly, with sparse setae medially, and with dense long setae laterally (Fig. 26d).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 26a): SR1: 3-SR: r = 36: 26: 7; 1-SR+M weakly and evenly curved, and 1.6× longer than 1-M; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 11: 26: 7; m-cu straight, and 2.0× longer than 2-SR+M; cu-a interstitial. Hind wing (Fig. 26b): 1r-m longitudinal; SC+R1: 2-SC+R: 1r-m = 20: 4: 19.

Legs. Length of fore femur: tibia: tarsus = 29: 32: 46; length of hind femur: tibia: basitarsus = 40: 56: 17; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.3, 11.2 and 5.7× their maximum width, respectively (Fig. 26f).

Metasoma. Length of T I 1.2× its apical width, median area convex and strongly longitudinally rugose, with a medio-longitudinal carina (Fig. 26j); lateral grooves of T I crenulate (Fig. 26j); T II longitudinally rugose including medio-basal area, but smooth posterior-laterally (Fig. 26e); triangular medio-basal area of T II very large, attached with medio-longitudinal carina apically absent near posterior margin of T II; antero-lateral areas of T II absent, anterior grooves moderately impressed and crenulate (Fig. 26e); second suture deep and crenulate, wide and curved medially, narrow laterally (Fig. 26e); T III largely longitudinally rugose except for smooth posteriorly, antero-lateral areas weak and smooth posteriorly; T IV longitudinally rugose medio-anteriorly, and with weak antero-lateral areas; T V–VII smooth and antero-lateral areas absent (Fig. 26e); hypopygium acute apically, reaching level of apex of metasoma; ovipositor sheath 2.0× as long as fore wing.

Colour. Head and mesosoma largely yellow (Fig. 25); antenna, eye, stemmaticum and mandible apically, black (Fig. 28g, h); fore and middle legs (but tarsus apically and claws black) yellow, hind leg black (coxa infuscate basally) (Fig. 26f); metasoma largely black, posterior margins of T III–VII whitish yellow (Fig. 26e); ovipositor sheath black (Fig. 25); wing membrane yellow, but grey brown apically and hind wing also medio-posteriorly), pterostigma (but apically blackish brown) and veins yellow (Fig. 26a, b).

Unknown.

China (Yunnan).

Named after the whitish yellow posterior margins of the T III–VII: marginatus is Latin for margin.

Parallobracon prolatus sp. nov.

Antennomeres (except scape and pedicel) square; scapus rather slender, and in lateral view without double margin at inner side apically and apex strongly protruding ventrally; eye glabrous, not emarginated; face flattened in lateral view; clypeus flat and with distinct dorsal carina; malar suture present but weak, with dense short setae; labio-maxillary complex normal, not elongate; frons with strong median groove, largely smooth; notauli quite shallow, and impressed anteriorly on disc; scutellar sulcus comparatively narrow, and sparsely crenulate; metanotum convex medially, but without median carina anteriorly; propodeum smooth, and without medio-longitudinal carina or groove; first discal cell of fore wing nearly parallel-sided and ca. 3.0× longer than vein m-cu; vein 1-SR+M of fore wing straight; vein 1r-m of hind wing ca. 5.0× longer than vein 2-SC+R; vein 1-SR of fore wing distinctly oblique and pointing basad of vein cu-a, angle with vein C+SC+R ca. 55°; fore wing vein cu-a weakly postfurcal; vein 2-SC+R of hind wing transverse, distinctly shorter than vein 1r-m; hind wing with densely setae basally; claws simple; legs more or less with sparsely setae; in dorsal view, metasoma ovoid; median area of T I developed and coarsely sculptured posteriorly; medio-basal area of T II wide subbasally and acute apically, latero-basal areas triangular and medium-sized and posterior half of tergite with pair of diverging depressions; second suture deep and wide, crenulate, narrowed and curved upward laterally, weakly curved medially; T III with developed antero-lateral areas and posterior margin of tergite sinuate, and 3.8× wider than its median length (excluding its basal groove); T III–V with crenulate transverse subposterior groove; T III–VII largely smooth; ovipositor with minute ventral teeth and without dorsal nodus.

Oriental (China).

Named after the nearly parallel-sided first discal cell of the fore wing (parallelus is Latin for “sides of equal distance”). Gender: masculine.

This new genus will run in existing keys to Cyanopterus Haliday, 1835 (e.g., Belokobylskij 2000), but can be separated from the latter by the following characters: first discal cell of fore wing nearly parallel-sided and elongate (first discal cell of fore wing widened basally in Cyanopterus); vein 1r-m of hind wing quite long and ca. 5.0× longer than vein 2-SC+R (vein 1r-m of hind wing at most ca. 2.0× longer than vein 2-SC+R in Cyanopterus); vein 1-SR of fore wing distinctly oblique and pointing basad of vein cu-a (less oblique and pointing to vein cu-a in Cyanopterus); second submarginal cell of fore wing widened distally (second submarginal cell of fore wing parallel-sided in Cyanopterus); apex of scapus strongly protruding ventrally (apex of scapus slightly protruding ventrally in Cyanopterus); clypeus with distinct dorsal carina (clypeus usually without dorsal carina in Cyanopterus).

Holotype: ♀, China, Zhejiang Prov., Hangzhou, 26.VI.1935, Zhu Ruzuo (ZJUH). Paratype. 1♀1♂, China, Zhejiang Prov., Hangzhou, 17.VI.1934, Zhu Ruzuo (ZJUH).

T II of the new species is similar to that of Cyanopterus oriens Belokobylskij, 2000, from Far East Russia (e.g., size and shape of medio-basal area and with pair of diverging depressions), but can be separated by having first discal cell of fore wing parallel-sided and vein 1-SR+M straight (widened basally and vein 1-SR+M weakly bent in C. oriens), vein 1r-m of hind wing ca. 5 × longer than vein 2-SC+R (ca. equal in C. oriens), vein 1-SR of fore wing distinctly oblique and pointing basad of vein cu-a (less oblique and pointing to vein cu-a in C. oriens), second submarginal cell of fore wing widened distally (parallel-sided in C. oriens) and apex of scapus strongly protruding ventrally (slightly protruding in C. oriens).

Holotype, ♀, length of body 7.6 mm, of fore wing 7.7 mm, of ovipositor sheath 4.9 mm.

Figure 27. 

Parallobracon prolatus gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype, habitus, lateral view.

Figure 28. 

Parallobracon prolatus gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype (a–j), paratype (k) a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j first metasomal tergite, dorsal view k apex of ovipositor, lateral view.

Head. Antenna incomplete, only remaining with scapus and pedicellus; malar suture with dense short setae (Fig. 28i); clypeus height: inter-tentorial distance: tentorio-ocular distance = 3: 6: 7; clypeus with sparse short setae; eye weakly emarginated (Fig. 28g); face weakly convex medially and weakly granulate, with some sparse punctures laterally (Fig. 28g); eye height: shortest distance between eyes: head width = 17: 20: 40; frons largely smooth, weakly concave behind antennal sockets, with a strong median groove (Fig. 28h); vertex smooth, but with some sparse short setae; minimum distance between posterior ocelli: minimum diameter of elliptical posterior ocellus: minimum distance between posterior ocellus and eye = 1: 1: 2; temples largely glabrous except for a few short setae, and subparallel behind eyes (Fig. 28h).

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.9× its height (Fig. 28c); notauli impressed anteriorly half (Fig. 28d); mesoscutum smooth, with a few sparse setae (Fig. 28d); scutellar sulcus narrow, moderately deep, and with crenulae (Fig. 28d); scutellum with sparse short setae posteriorly; metanotum strongly convex medially (Fig. 28d); propodeum smooth, without longitudinal carinae or groove, with sparse setae medially, and with dense long setae laterally (Fig. 28d).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 28a): SR1: 3-SR: r = 21: 13: 5; 1-SR+M more or less straight, and 1.9× longer than 1-M; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 14: 26: 13; angle between 1-SR and C+SC+R ca. 75°; m-cu straight; 2-SR+M rather short; cu-a slightly postfurcal. Hind wing (Fig. 28b): SC+R1: 2-SC+R: 1r-m = 17: 3: 13.

Legs. Length of fore femur: tibia: tarsus = 27: 31: 45; length of hind femur: tibia: basitarsus = 37: 53: 21; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.5, 6.6 and 5.3× their maximum width, respectively (Fig. 28f); hind tibial spurs 0.35 and 0.40 × as long as hind basitarsus.

Metasoma. Length of T I 1.1× its apical width, median area convex, anteriorly half smooth and posteriorly half coarsely sculptured (Fig. 28j); lateral grooves of T I sparsely crenulate (Fig. 28j); T II largely smooth except medially (Fig. 28e); triangular medio-basal area of T II large and smooth, with a few short oblique carinae connected laterally, and acute apically, but not attached with medio-longitudinal carina; antero-lateral areas of T II developed and smooth, anterior grooves moderately wide and sparsely crenulate (Fig. 28e); second suture deep and crenulate, wide and weakly curved medially, narrow laterally (Fig. 28e); T III with antero-lateral areas; T III–V with crenulate transverse subposterior groove (Fig. 28e); T III–VII largely smooth, and with some spare short setae posteriorly; hypopygium acute apically, not reaching level of apex of metasoma; ovipositor sheath 0.6× as long as fore wing.

Colour. Head and mesosoma largely reddish yellow (Fig. 27); antenna, eye, mandible apically, stemmaticum, propodeum medially and posteriorly, blackish brown (Fig. 28d, g, h); fore legs (but claws dark brown) reddish yellow, middle and hind legs dark brown (Fig. 28f); metasoma and ovipositor sheath black brown (Figs 27, 28e); wing membrane greyish brown, pterostigma and veins dark brown (Fig. 28a, b).

Variation. Length of body of female 7.6–7.7 mm, of fore wing of female 7.7 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 4.2–4.9 mm; antenna of paratype female incomplete, with 30 antennomeres remaining; third antennomere 1.7× longer than its maximum width, 1.2 and 1.3× longer than fourth and fifth, respectively, the latter 1.3× longer than wide; ovipositor sheath 0.5–0.6× as long as fore wing.

Male. Length of body of male 7.8 mm, of fore wing of male 7.9 mm; antenna of male with 44 antennomeres; Length of mesosoma 1.7× its height; fore wing vein cu-a interstitial; length of T I 1.0× its apical width; other characters as in female.

Unknown.

China (Zhejiang).

Named after the long and slender scapus which strong elongated ventrally: prolatus is Latin for elongated.

Body medium-sized to large; terminal antennomere slender, strongly acute apically; scapus in lateral view basally rounded and at inner side usually with narrow apical ledge, concave apico-laterally, ventrally shorter than dorsally; eye glabrous, weakly emarginate; face coarsely sculptured; clypeus narrow and without dorsal carina; malar suture moderately developed, often with long and dense setae; labio-maxillary complex normal, not elongate; frons broadly impressed, with some setae and median groove; vertex and temples transversely rugose; notauli complete; mesoscutum with deep punctures near the notauli; metanotum with median carina protruding over propodeum posteriorly, and with a complete mid-longitudinal carina; propodeum coarsely punctate; angle between veins 1-SR and C+SC+R of fore wing ca. 60°; vein r of fore wing long, (nearly) ca. as long as vein 2-SR; fore wing vein 2-SR sinuate; vein 1-R1 of fore wing distinctly longer than pterostigma; fore wing vein cu-a slightly postfurcal; second submarginal cell of fore wing slender, but somewhat widened apically; tarsal claws with an additional tooth; basal lobes of claws rounded; T I without a media-longitudinal carina; T II with wide triangular medio-basal area, area reaching apex of tergite or nearly so; T IV–VI with lateral teeth; T VII of female with medio-apical tooth (absent in male); ovipositor with dorsal nodus and ventral serrations subapically; ovipositor sheath 0.1–0.3× as long as fore wing.

Unknown.

Oriental.

This genus is newly recorded from China. Of the two described species, only one species is recorded from China.

Figure 29. 

Pseudospinaria attenuata (Westwood, 1882), ♀, habitus, lateral view.

Figure 30. 

Pseudospinaria attenuata (Westwood, 1882). ♀ a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e first to third metasomal tergites, dorsal view f fourth to seventh metasomal tergites, dorsal view g hind leg, lateral view h head, anterior view i head, dorsal view j head, lateral view k scapus outer side, lateral view l apex of antenna m apex of ovipositor, lateral view n claws, oblique view.

1♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, Xiaomengyang, 850 m, 22.X.1957, Wang Shuyong, No. IOZ(E)1964528 (IZCAS); 1♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna Menghai, 1100 m, 14.VIII.1957, Wang Shuyong, No. IOZ(E)1964530 (IZCAS); 1♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, Lancang, 1000 m, 30.VII.1957, Zang Lingcao, No. IOZ(E)1964529 (IZCAS); 1♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, Mengla, 620–650 m, 15.XI.1958, Zhang Yiran, No. IOZ(E)1964527 (IZCAS); 1♀, China, Hainan Prov., Shuiman, 640 m, 25.V.1960, Li Suofu, No. IOZ(E)1964637 (IZCAS).

Unknown.

China (Hainan, Yunnan); Laos, Malaysia.

This species is newly recorded from China.

Body small sized to medium-sized, and rather slender; terminal antennomere robust and acute apically; in lateral view scapus without double margin at inner side apically, not or slightly concave apico-laterally, ventrally weakly shorter than dorsally; eye glabrous, weakly emarginate; face largely smooth, sometimes with some sparse punctures medially; clypeus moderately narrow, dorsal clypeal carina developed (but in the Afrotropical species Vipiomorpha rugosa (Szépligeti, 1913) absent); malar suture moderately developed, often with dense setae; labio-maxillary complex normal, not elongate; frons often strongly depressed, with a strong median groove; notauli strongly developed and complete; mesopleuron smooth, rarely with a longitudinal impression posteriorly; metapleuron smooth and shiny; metapleural flange present; propodeum punctate-rugose medially, and more pronounced postero-medially than anteriorly, with a complete medio-longitudinal groove; angle between veins 1-SR and C+SC+R of fore wing ca. 45°; marginal cell of fore wing short and elongate elliptical, vein 1-R1 shorter than pterostigma or ca. as long (at most 1.2× longer); second submarginal cell of fore wing nearly parallel-sided; fore wing veins 1-M and 1-SR+M straight; forewing vein r less than 0.5× length of m-cu; base of hind wing often with a large glabrous area; hind wing vein 1r-m distinctly oblique, and much shorter than vein SC+R1; basal lobes of claws blunt or rounded; metasoma often long and more or less slender; median area of first metasomal strongly rugose, usually with well-developed dorso-lateral carina but without medio-longitudinal carinae; lateral grooves of T I remain far removed from lateral margin of tergite; T II usually with raised smooth, shiny and large antero-lateral areas; remainder of tergite usually strongly rugose; second suture crenulate; T III usually rugose, with smooth antero-lateral areas; T III–V with or without antero-lateral areas; hypopygium extending beyond the apex of the metasomal tergites; ovipositor with dorsal nodus and ventral serrations subapically.

Unknown.

Afrotropical; Oriental; Palaearctic.

This genus is newly recorded from the Oriental region and China; it is a small genus including three species, here we report two new species and one previously described species from China.

Holotype: ♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Jinghong, 9.IV.1981, He Junhua, No. 811668 (ZJUH). Paratype: 1♂, China, Yunnan Prov., Ruili, 6.V.1981, He Junhua, No. 813014 (ZJUH).

This new species is very similar to Vipiomorpha ypsilon Tobias, 1962 [China; Korea; Russia], but can be separated from the latter by the following characters: notauli relatively shallow, smooth, not crenulate (deep, at least crenulate anteriorly, in V. ypsilon); T I 1.5× as long as apical width (1.0–1.2×); metasomal tergites yellowish brown, without spots (with distinct spots); T V largely coarsely sculptured (largely smooth); head largely blackish brown dorsally, or at least (male) stemmaticum blackish brown (head yellow dorsally).

Holotype, ♀, length of body 5.4 mm, of fore wing 5.3 mm, of ovipositor sheath 7.0 mm.

Figure 31. 

Vipiomorpha sulcata sp. nov., ♀, holotype, habitus, lateral view.

Figure 32. 

Vipiomorpha sulcata sp. nov., ♀, holotype a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j scapus outer side, lateral view k apex of antenna l apex of ovipositor, lateral view.

Head. Antenna with 42 antennomeres; apical antennomere acute, 1.7× longer than its maximum width (Fig. 32k); third antennomere 1.2 and 1.3× longer than fourth and fifth, respectively, the latter 1.5× longer than wide; median antennomeres ca. 1.5× longer than their widths; malar suture with sparse short setae and with fine punctures (Fig. 32i); clypeus height: inter-tentorial distance: tentorio-ocular distance = 3: 15: 7; clypeus smooth and shiny, with a single row of sparse and long setae; eye weakly emarginate (Fig. 32g); face largely smooth, with some sparse and long setae (Fig. 32g); eye height: shortest distance between eyes: head width = 23: 22: 42; frons smooth, strongly depressed behind antennal sockets, with a strong median groove (Fig. 32h); vertex smooth, but with some sparse short setae; minimum distance between posterior ocelli: minimum diameter of elliptical posterior ocellus: minimum distance between posterior ocellus and eye = 8: 3: 10; temples largely glabrous except for a few short setae, and subparallel immediately behind eyes (Fig. 32h).

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.6× its height (Fig. 32c); anterior margin of pronotum with a single row of short setae; notauli deeply impressed (Fig. 32d); mesoscutum smooth, with short and moderately dense setae (Fig. 32d); middle lobe of mesoscutum strongly convex medially; scutellar sulcus narrow and deep, with crenulae (Fig. 32d); scutellum with dense short setae posteriorly; metanotum strongly convex medially (Fig. 32d); propodeum smooth, with a complete medio-longitudinal groove, with sparse setae medially, and with dense long setae laterally (Fig. 32d).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 32a): r very short; SR1: 3-SR: r = 8: 7: 1; 1-SR+M straight, and 1.2× longer than 1-M; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 6: 11: 6; first submarginal cell of forewing short; vein SR1 ends ca. half-way between pterostigma and wing apex; cu-a interstitial. Hind wing (Fig. 32b): SC+R1: 2-SC+R: 1r-m = 8: 3: 5.

Legs. Length of fore femur: tibia: tarsus = 11: 13: 16; length of hind femur: tibia: basitarsus = 39: 58: 23; length of hind basitarsus 5.75 × its maximum width (Fig. 32f).

Metasoma. Length of T I 1.5× its apical width, median area convex and strongly rugose (Fig. 32e); lateral grooves of T I sparsely crenulate (Fig. 32e); median length of T II 0.7× as long as its apical width; T II strongly rugose but antero-lateral areas smooth (Fig. 32e); T II without medio-basal area; antero-lateral areas of T II developed and smooth, anterior grooves wide, with a few crenulae (Fig. 32e); second suture deep and wide, with crenulae, slightly urved medially (Fig. 32e); median length of T III 0.5× as long as its apical width; T III and T IV with antero-lateral areas (of T IV weak), and crenulate transverse subposterior groove (Fig. 32e); T V with weakly crenulate transverse subposterior groove; T III–V strongly rugose; T VI–VII largely smooth, and with some long setae posteriorly; hypopygium rather acute apically, reaching far beyond level of apex of metasoma; ovipositor sheath 1.32 × as long as fore wing.

Colour. Largely yellowish brown (Fig. 31); head blackish brown except for face and mandible (but apically blackish brown) yellow (Fig. 32g, h); for legs (but claws blackish brown) yellow; ovipositor sheath black (Fig. 31); wing membrane yellow, pterostigma and veins yellowish brown (Fig. 32a, b).

Male. Length of body of male 4.6 mm, of fore wing of male 4.3 mm; antenna of male with 42 antennomeres; length of forewing vein SR1: 3-SR: r = 8: 6: 1; length of T I 1.7× its apical width; T IV with noticeably antero-lateral areas; head largely yellow, area surrounded stemmaticum black brown; other characters similar with the female.

Unknown.

China (Yunnan).

Named after the well-developed medio-longitudinal groove of the propodeum: sulcus is Latin for groove.

14♀♀17♂♂, China, Liaoning Prov., Dalian, 16.VII.1994, Lou Juxian, No. 975837, 952150, 952217, 952170, 952171, 952204, 952169, 952147, 952372, 952359, 952317, 952323, 952329, 952339, 952288, 952206, 952331, 952179, 952206, 952194, 952203, 952335, 952191, 952157, 952360, 952215, 952196, 952276, 952298, 952374 (ZJUH); 1♀1♂, China, Liaoning Prov., Shenyang, Dongling, ?.V–VI.1994, Lou Juxian, No. 947490, 947491 (ZJUH); 6♀♀11♂♂, China, Liaoning Prov., Dalian, 5.IX.1992, Lou Juxian, No. 976211, 976217, 976209, 976014, 976157, 976093, 976154, 976258, 976208, 976248, 975977, 976109, 976232, 976171, 976225, 976200, 976085 (ZJUH); 1♂, China, Liaoning Prov., Shenyang, Dongling, 21.VI.1994, Lou Juxian, No. 947748 (ZJUH); 3♀♀5♂♂, China, Liaoning Prov., Fuxin, 16–23.VIII.1995, Lou Juxian, No. 961180, 961259, 961194, 961182, 961304, 961268, 961391, 961284 (ZJUH); 1♀5♂♂, China, Liaoning Prov., Fuxin, 25.VIII.1994, Lou Juxian, No. 951349, 951389, 951345, 951347, 951398, 951386 (ZJUH); 1♂, China, Jilin Prov., Changchun, 23.VII.1992, Lou Juxian, No. 951051 (ZJUH); 1♂, China, Jilin Prov., Liaoyuan, 21.VII.1991, Lou Juxian, No. 950411 (ZJUH); 1♂, China, Jilin Prov., Liaoyuan, 10.VIII.1990, Lou Juxian, No. 977137 (ZJUH).

Unknown.

China (Jilin, Liaoning); Korea; Russia.

This species is new to China.

Figure 33. 

Vipiomorpha ypsilon Tobias, 1962, ♀, habitus, lateral view.

Figure 34. 

Vipiomorpha ypsilon Tobias, 1962. ♀ a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j scapus outer side, lateral view k apex of antenna l apex of ovipositor, lateral view.

Holotype: ♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Jingkan, 18.V.1983, Liao Yichang, No. 841267 (ZJUH).

This new species is very similar to Vipiomorpha ypsilon Tobias, 1962 [China; Korea; Russia], but can be separated from the latter by the following characters: in dorsal view length of eye 2.3× temple (1.5× in V. ypsilon); mesoscutum reddish yellow (black); hind wing vein 2-SC+R 1.2× as long as vein 1r-m (0.7×); median spots of T II touching lateral spots anteriorly (not touching lateral spots); T V largely rugose (largely smooth); scape blackish brown (yellowish brown, with a black brown streak dorsally); pterostigma yellowish brown (blackish brown).

Holotype, ♀, length of body 6.6 mm, of fore wing 6.0 mm, of ovipositor sheath 8.0 mm.

Figure 35. 

Vipiomorpha yunnanensis sp. nov., ♀, holotype, habitus, lateral view.

Figure 36. 

Vipiomorpha yunnanensis sp. nov., ♀, holotype a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j scapus outer side, lateral view k apex of antenna l apex of ovipositor, lateral view.

Head. Antenna with 50 antennomeres; apical antennomere acute, 1.5× longer than its maximum width (Fig. 36k); third antennomere 1.2 and 1.3× longer than fourth and fifth, respectively, the latter 1.6× longer than wide; median antennomeres ca. 1.1× longer than their width; malar suture with dense short setae (Fig. 36i); clypeus height: inter-tentorial distance: tentorio-ocular distance = 4: 11: 7; clypeus smooth and shiny, with a single row of long setae; eye weakly emarginate(Fig. 36g); face largely smooth, with sparse and long setae (Fig. 36g); eye height: shortest distance between eyes: head width = 11: 14: 26; frons largely smooth except for a few weak punctures, strongly depressed behind antennal sockets, with a strong median groove (Fig. 36h); vertex smooth, but with some sparse short setae; minimum distance between posterior ocelli: minimum diameter of elliptical posterior ocellus: minimum distance between posterior ocellus and eye = 4: 3: 8; temples largely smooth except for a few weak punctures, and with some short setae, slightly narrowed immediately behind eyes (Fig. 36h).

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.5× its height (Fig. 36c); anterior margin of pronotum with a single row of short setae; notauli deeply impressed, with a few weak crenulae (Fig. 36d); mesoscutum smooth, with short and dense setae posteriorly (Fig. 36d); middle lobe of mesoscutum strongly convex medially; scutellar sulcus moderately wide and deep, with crenulae (Fig. 36d); scutellum with a few weak punctures, and with dense short setae posteriorly; metanotum strongly convex medially (Fig. 36d); propodeum largely smooth, with a complete and crenulate medio-longitudinal groove, with sparse setae medially, and with dense long setae laterally (Fig. 36d).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 36a): r very short; r: SR1: 3-SR: = 19: 19: 3; 1-SR+M straight, and 1.8× longer than 1-M; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 8: 19: 9; first submarginal cell of forewing short; vein SR1 ends basally of mid-point between pterostigma and wing tip (at ca. 0.44); cu-a interstitial. Hind wing (Fig. 36b): r-m weakly curved; SC+R1: 2-SC+R: 1r-m = 9: 6: 5.

Legs. Length of fore femur: tibia: tarsus = 20: 23: 30; length of hind femur: tibia: basitarsus = 31: 34: 18; length of hind basitarsus 5.7× its maximum width (Fig. 36f).

Metasoma. Length of T I 1.1× its apical width, median area convex and strongly rugose (Fig. 36e); lateral grooves of T I strongly crenulate (Fig. 36e); median length of T II 0.7× as long as its apical width; T II strongly rugose but antero-lateral areas smooth (Fig. 36e); T II without medio-basal area; antero-lateral areas of T II developed and smooth, anterior grooves wide, with a few weak crenulae (Fig. 36e); second suture deep and wide, with crenulae, slightly curved medially (Fig. 36e); median length of T III 0.37 × as long as its apical width; T III–IV with antero-lateral areas (of T IV weak), and crenulate transverse subposterior groove (Fig. 36e); T V with weak crenulate transverse subposterior groove; T III–VI rugose except posteriorly (T V and T VI weakly so); T VII largely smooth, and with some long setae posteriorly; hypopygium rather acute apically, far beyond level of apex of metasoma; ovipositor sheath 1.33 × as long as fore wing.

Colour. Largely yellow (Fig. 35); antenna, eye, mandible apically, claws, middle tibia and tarsus, hind femur, tibia and tarsus and ovipositor sheath black (Figs 35, 36g, f); T I black, T II–IV largely black (except posteriorly and T IV laterally), and with a yellow Y-shaped spot, T V black medio-anteriorly (Fig. 36e); wing membrane infuscate, pterostigma and veins yellowish brown (Fig. 36a, b).

Unknown.

China (Yunnan).

Named after its type locality, the southwestern province of Yunnan.

Body medium-sized to large; terminal antennomeres sometimes acute apically; median antennomeres usually wider than long; in lateral view scapus without double margin at inner side apically and concave apico-laterally, ventrally longer than dorsally; eye glabrous, large (smaller in male) and weakly emarginate; face often sculptured; clypeus moderately narrow, often flattened and without dorsal carina; malar suture moderately developed, often rugose; labio-maxillary complex normal, not elongate; frons depressed, with a weak to moderately developed median groove; mesosoma largely smooth and shiny; notauli weak, often only present anteriorly; scutellar sulcus narrow and usually crenulate; mesopleural suture smooth; precoxal suture absent; metanotum convex medially, and with a short median carina, somewhat protruding; propodeum often smooth, without medio-longitudinal carina or groove; angle between veins 1-SR and C+SC+R of fore wing more than 75°; marginal cell moderated long, vein SR1 reaching the wing margin at least 0.8× of distance between pterostigma and wing tip; second submarginal cell of fore wing usually more or less parallel-sided; fore wing vein r-m usually with both a distinct anterior and posterior bulla; fore wing vein 1-SR+M usually strongly bent after arising from 1-M, sometimes more or less evenly curved to straight; fore wing vein cu-a interstitial to distinctly postfurcal; fore wing vein 3-CU1 usually distinctly thickened posteriorly; hind wing vein 1r-m usually longer or at least as long as vein SC+R1, rarely shorter; apex of hind wing vein C+SC+R with more than one especially thickened bristle; claws simple; metasomal tergites usually largely strongly sculptured, rarely smooth; T I without medio-longitudinal carina, dorso-lateral carinae present or absent; T II usually with a weakly to strongly raised medio-basal triangular area which usually has similar sculpture as remainder of T; T II–IV often with strong antero-lateral areas and grooves; T III–V often with strongly crenulate transverse subposterior grooves, rarely absent; hypopygium rather acute apically; ovipositor usually as long as or longer than fore wing, with some (three or four) depressions and upper valve enlarged, subapically without dorsal nodus and ventral serrations (rarely distinct).

Quicke (1983) reported only one species, Tryphocharia princeps (Blackburn) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) as a host of Z. cristata (Szépligeti).

Afrotropical; Australasian; Oriental; Palaearctic.

This genus is newly recorded from the Oriental region.

Holotype: ♀, China, Hainan Prov., Jianfengling, 1.IV.1984, Gu Maobin, No. IOZ(E)1964587 (IZCAS).

This new species is very similar to Zaglyptogastra abbotti Ashmead, 1900 [Indonesia; Malaysia; Thailand], but can be separated from the latter by the following characters: scape blackish brown (brown or yellowish brown dorsally in Z. abbotti); wing membrane yellow, greyish brown apically, stigmal spot rather large, enclosing entire vein CU1b (greyish brown area of membrane narrower, and stigmal spot small); T V with striae medio-basally (smooth, only with few punctures, without striae).

Holotype, ♀, length of body 18.6 mm, of fore wing 17.2 mm, of ovipositor sheath 17.0 mm.

Figure 37. 

Zaglyptogastra exilis sp. nov., ♀, holotype, habitus, lateral view.

Figure 38. 

Zaglyptogastra exilis sp. nov., ♀, holotype a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j scapus outer side, lateral view k apex of ovipositor, lateral view.

Head. Antenna incomplete, with 63 antennomeres remaining; third antennomere 1.4 and 1.6× longer than fourth and fifth, respectively, the latter 0.8× longer than wide; malar suture with dense short setae (Fig. 38i); inter-tentorial distance: tentorio-ocular distance = 7: 5; clypeus largely smooth; eye rather emarginated (Fig. 38g); face coarsely rugose, with some long setae (Fig. 38g); shortest distance between eyes: head width = 24: 42; frons smooth, moderately depressed behind antennal sockets, with a median groove (Fig. 38h); vertex smooth, but with some short setae; minimum distance between posterior ocelli: minimum diameter of elliptical posterior ocellus: minimum distance between posterior ocellus and eye = 5: 7: 12; temples largely smooth except for a few weak punctures, and with dense long setae laterally, subparallel immediately behind eyes (Fig. 38h).

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 2.0× its height (Fig. 38c); notauli impressed in anterior half of mesoscutum (Fig. 38d); scutellar sulcus moderately wide and deep, with crenulae (Fig. 38d); scutellum with some short setae posteriorly; propodeum smooth, with sparse setae medially, and with dense long setae laterally (Fig. 38d).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 38a): pterostigma 3.5× longer than wide; SR1: 3-SR: r = 39: 35: 7; 1-SR+M slightly curved subbasally, and 1.4× longer than 1-M; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 14: 35: 15; 3-CU1 distinctly thickened posteriorly; cu-a slightly postfurcal. Hind wing (Fig. 38b): 1r-m 1.2× longer than SC+R1; apex of C+SC+R with nine thickened basal bristles; base with a medium-sized glabrous area distal to vein cu-a.

Legs. Length of fore femur: tibia: tarsus = 34: 39: 49; length of fore basitarsus 4.7× its maximally width; length of hind femur: tibia: basitarsus = 37: 64: 23 (Fig. 38f); length of hind basitarsus 6.3× its maximum width.

Metasoma. Length of T I 1.3× its apical width, median area convex and longitudinally rugose (Fig. 38e); lateral grooves of T I strongly crenulate (Fig. 38e); apical width of T II 1.8× as long as its median length; T II strongly rugose but antero-lateral areas smooth (Fig. 38e); T II with large medio-basal area which ends near posterior margin of T II; antero-lateral areas of T II developed and smooth, anterior grooves wide, with a few crenulae (Fig. 38e); second suture deep and wide, with crenulae, more or less straight medially (Fig. 38e); T III–V with strong antero-lateral areas and grooves, and with strong crenulate transverse subposterior grooves; T III and T IV strongly rugose but antero-lateral areas smooth (Fig. 38e); T V weakly rugose antero-medially, smooth laterally and posteriorly; T VI and T VII largely smooth; ovipositor sheath as long as fore wing.

Colour. Head and mesosoma largely yellow (Fig. 37); antenna, eye and mandible apically black (Fig. 38g); legs largely yellow, tarsi apically and claws black (Fig. 38f); ovipositor sheath black, with yellow setae (Fig. 37); T I–IV blackish brown (T II yellowish brown medio-basally), T V–VII yellowish brown (Fig. 38e); wing membrane 2/3 basally yellow and 1/3 apically brownish (in hind wing up to posterior margin); stigmal spot yellowish brown and reaching vein 2-1A; pterostigma yellow except for extreme apex; veins largely yellow, fore wing veins 1-SR, 3-CU1, apical half of 3-SR and 2-M, SR1, 3-M, hind wing veins SR apically, 2-M medially and apically yellowish brown (Fig. 38a, b).

Unknown.

China (Hainan).

Named after the rather slender body: exilis is Latin for slender.

Holotype: ♀, China, Yunnan Prov., near Jingdong, 1300 m, 17.III.1957, Bangfeiluofu, No. IOZ(E)1964532 (IZCAS).

This new species is very similar to Zaglyptogastra plumiseta (Enderlein, 1920) [Indonesia; Malaysia; Singapore], but can be separated from the latter by the following characters: fore wing vein SR1 relatively long, 1.6× as long as vein 3-SR (at most 1.1× in Z. plumiseta); hind leg yellow, tibia apically and tarsus black brown (entirely black); T I–II yellow, T III yellowish brown, T IV–VII black (uniformly black).

Holotype, ♀, length of body 13.2 mm, of fore wing 11.3 mm, of ovipositor sheath 12.8 mm.

Figure 39. 

Zaglyptogastra tricolor sp. nov., ♀, holotype, habitus, lateral view.

Figure 40. 

Zaglyptogastra tricolor sp. nov., ♀, holotype a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j scapus outer side, lateral view k apex of ovipositor, lateral view.

Head. Antenna incomplete, 55 antennomeres remaining; third antennomere 1.3 and 1.4× longer than fourth and fifth, respectively, the latter as long as wide; malar suture with dense short setae (Fig. 40i); inter-tentorial distance: tentorio-ocular distance = 12: 7; clypeus largely smooth; eye rather emarginate (Fig. 40g); face coarsely sculptured, with some sparse and long setae (Fig. 40g); shortest distance between eyes: head width = 18: 37; frons smooth, moderately depressed behind antennal sockets, with a median groove (Fig. 40h); vertex smooth, but with some sparse short setae; minimum distance between posterior ocelli: minimum diameter of elliptical posterior ocellus: minimum distance between posterior ocellus and eye = 5: 7: 12; temples largely smooth except for a few weak punctures, and with dense long setae laterally, weakly narrowed immediately behind eyes (Fig. 40h).

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.9× its height (Fig. 40c); notauli impressed in anterior half of mesoscutum (Fig. 40d); scutellar sulcus moderately wide and deep, with crenulae (Fig. 40d); scutellum with some short setae posteriorly; propodeum smooth, with sparse setae medially, and with dense long setae laterally (Fig. 40d).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 40a): pterostigma 3.5× longer than wide; SR1: 3-SR: r = 39: 24: 5; 1-SR+M more or less straight, and 1.5× longer than 1-M; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 13: 24: 11; 3-CU1 distinctly thickened posteriorly; cu-a interstitial. Hind wing (Fig. 40b): 1r-m 1.2× longer than SC+R1; apex of C+SC+R with six thickened basal bristles; base with a small glabrous area distal to vein cu-a.

Legs. Length of fore femur: tibia: tarsus = 42: 49: 64; length of fore basitarsus 5.6× its maximally width; length of hind femur: tibia: basitarsus = 40: 64: 23 (Fig. 40f); length of hind basitarsus 6.6× its maximum width.

Metasoma. Length of T I 1.4× its apical width, median area convex and longitudinally rugose (Fig. 40e); lateral grooves of T I strongly crenulate (Fig. 40e); apical width of T II 1.4× as long as its median length; T II strongly longitudinally rugose but antero-lateral areas smooth (Fig. 40e); T II with large but weakly raised medio-basal area nearly reaching antero-lateral areas; antero-lateral areas of T II narrow and smooth, anterior grooves narrow, with a few sparse crenulae (Fig. 40e); second suture deep and wide, with crenulae, straight medially (Fig. 40e); T III–V with strong antero-lateral areas and grooves, and with strong crenulate transverse subposterior grooves; T III and T IV strongly longitudinally rugose but antero-lateral areas smooth (Fig. 40e); T V weakly rugose antero-medially, smooth laterally and posteriorly; T VI and T VII largely smooth; ovipositor sheath 1.1× longer than fore wing.

Colour. Head and mesosoma largely yellow (Fig. 39); antenna, eye, surroundings of stemmaticum, stemmaticum and mandible apically black (Fig. 40g, h); legs largely yellow, fore and middle tarsi apically, hind tibia apically, hind tarsus, and claws black (Fig. 40f); ovipositor sheath black, with blackish brown setae (Fig. 39); T I and T II yellow, T III yellowish brown, T IV–VII black (but posterior margins of T VI and T VII yellow; Fig. 40e); basal half of wing membrane yellow and apical half blackish brown; stigmal spot blackish brown and reaching vein 2-1A, surroundings of vein 2-SR+M and besides vein r-m subhyaline; basal 3/5 of pterostigma yellow (narrowly brown basally) and apically 2/5 blackish brown; fore wing veins M+CU1, 1-1A, cu-a, 1-M apically, 2-CU1 basally and 2-1A basally yellow, remaining fore wing veins blackish brown, hind wing veins SC+R1 anteriorly, SR (except for external basally blackish brown), 2-M medially and apically blackish brown, remaining hind wing veins yellow (Fig. 40a, b).

Unknown.

China (Yunnan).

Named after the tri-coloured metasoma: tricolor is Latin for “with three colours”.