Research Article |
Corresponding author: Shuqiang Li ( lisq@ioz.ac.cn ) Academic editor: Yuri Marusik
© 2020 Cheng Wang, Shuqiang Li.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Wang C, Li S (2020) Seven new species of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae) from Xishuangbanna, China. ZooKeys 968: 43-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.968.55047
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Seven new species of jumping spiders collected from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden in Yunnan, China, are diagnosed and described: Charippus yinae sp. nov. (♂♀), Chinattus inflatus sp. nov. (♂), Indomarengo yui sp. nov. (♂), Phintella banna sp. nov. (♂♀), P. mii sp. nov. (♂♀), Simaetha menglun sp. nov. (♂♀) and S. pengi sp. nov. (♂♀). Charippus yinae sp. nov. is the second species of the genus Charippus Thorell, 1895, which was previously known only from one sex.
distribution, genus, salticid, taxonomy, Yunnan
Xishuangbanna is a key biogeographic area and a biodiversity hotspot in China (
A taxonomic study on the recently available salticid samples of Xishuangbanna has revealed seven species that are new to science and are described here. These results increase the total number of salticid species in the region to 128.
Specimens were collected by fogging and sieving leaf litter in the tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Yunnan, China. All specimens were preserved in 75% ethanol and are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (
All measurements are given in millimeters. Leg measurements are given as: total length (femur, patella + tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). References to figures in the cited papers are listed in lowercase type (fig. or figs); figures in this paper are noted with an initial capital (Fig. or Figs). Abbreviations used in the text and figures are as follows:
AAM anterior atrial margin;
AER anterior eye row;
AERW anterior eye row width;
ALE anterior lateral eye;
AME anterior median eye;
AS anterior chamber of spermatheca;
BP basal plate;
CD copulatory duct;
CO copulatory opening;
CP cymbial process;
E embolus;
EC embolic coil;
EFL eye field length;
F fold;
FD fertilization duct;
H hood;
LAM lateral atrial margin;
LP lamellar process;
PERW posterior eye row width;
PL posterior lobe;
PLE posterior lateral eye;
PS posterior chamber of spermatheca;
RFA retrolateral femoral apophysis;
RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis;
S spermatheca;
SD sperm duct;
TB tegular bump.
Charippus errans Thorell, 1895
This monotypic genus is only known from the descriptions of the generotype male (
Holotype
♂ (
The species name is a patronym in honor of the late Professor Changmin Yin, one of the pioneers of spider taxonomy of China; noun (name) in genitive case.
The male of Charippus yinae sp. nov. resembles C. errans Thorell, 1895 by the habitus, shape of the palp, and the cheliceral dentition, but can be easily distinguished by the embolus originating at 9:00 o’clock rather than approximately 11:30 o’clock as in C. errans (
Male (Figs
Palp
(Fig.
Female (Fig.
Epigyne
(Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China.
Habrocestoides szechwanensis Prószyński, 1992
The genus is represented by 17 nominal species restricted to Asia, except C. parvulus (Banks, 1895), which is known from the USA and Canada. Diagnostic drawings have been made for all species in the genus, and nearly all have limited distributional ranges: 11 species are endemic, and five species are known only from two countries. Six species are known only from a single sex: two from males and four from females (all from China). To date, 12 species are recorded from China. Of those, eight are endemic (
Holotype
♂ (
The specific name refers to the inflated femur of the male palp; adjective.
Chinattus inflatus sp. nov. resembles C. wengnanensis Cao & Li, 2016 in the general shape of the habitus and male palp but can be easily distinguished by the inflated palpal femur, the femoral apophysis and the long embolus. The new species also resembles species of the genus Grayenulla Żabka, 1992 by the inflated palpal femur and the femoral apophysis but can be distinguished by leg III, which is one of the shortest legs rather than distinctly the longest as in species of Grayenulla. Additionally, the clypeus lacks bristles, whereas there are three central bristles in species of Grayenulla (
Male (Figs
Palp
(Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China.
The species is placed into this genus because it generally resembles C. wengnanensis Cao & Li, 2016. It is described only based on males, and so there is a possibility that it is conspecific to one of the congeners known only from females.
Indomarengo sarawakensis Benjamin, 2004
This genus only contains four species, all endemic: one from Borneo, two from Indonesia and one from India. Two are known only from a single sex: I. chandra Benjamin, 2004 from males and I. thomsoni (Wanless 1978) from females (
Holotype
♂ (
The specific name is a patronym after Prof. Hao Yu (Guiyang, China), one of the collectors of the new species; noun (name) in genitive case.
Indomarengo yui sp. nov. resembles I. chavarapater Malamel, Prajapati, Sudhikumar & Sebastian, 2019 by the general shape of the palp but can be distinguished by the RTA, which is distally curved towards the bulb in retrolateral view vs almost straight and directed anteriorly in I. chavarapater (
Male (Figs
Palp
(Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China.
The species has a distinct carapace protuberance, which is only known to occur in species of the genera Indomarengo Benjamin, 2004, Sadies Wanless, 1984, Leikung Benjamin, 2004, and Afromarengo Benjamin, 2004 of the Ballini. Based on similarities such as the short embolus with less than two spirals and lack of leaf-like carapace scales (more than two spirals in Leikung and Afromarengo species and leaf-like carapace scales present in Sadies species) in addition to closely resembling I. chavarapater Malamel, Prajapati, Sudhikumar & Sebastian, 2019 by the habitus and the shape of the male palp, we place the spider into this genus.
Telamonia bifurcilinea Bösenberg & Strand, 1906
Phintella is a rather large genus, represented by a group of small and colorful spiders, typically covered with metallic iridescent scales (
Holotype
♂ (
The species name is derived from the name of the type locality; noun in apposition.
Phintella banna sp. nov. resembles P. bifurcilinea (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) by the small size and the shape of the copulatory organs but can be distinguished by the following: 1) the lamellar process is visible in ventral view vs obscured in P. bifurcilinea (
Male (Figs
Palp
(Fig.
Female (Fig.
Epigyne
(Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China.
Holotype
♂ (
The specific name is a patronym after Prof. Xiaoqi Mi (Tongren, China), one of the collectors of the new species; noun (name) in genitive case.
The male of Phintella mii sp. nov. resembles P. aequipeiformis Żabka, 1985 in the shape of the palp but can be distinguished by the following: 1) the distance between the embolus and cymbial tip is almost equal to the embolic length vs more than three times the embolic length in P. aequipeiformis (
Male (Figs
Palp
(Fig.
Female (Fig.
Epigyne
(Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China.
The female is paired with the holotype because it shares similar carapace markings with the male. These markings differ from other congeners known only from a single male from Xishuangbanna. However, the male and female have different abdominal markings, so the pairing requires further confirmation.
Simaetha thoracica Thorell, 1881
Simaetha is represented by 19 nominal species distributed in East and Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and Australia (
Holotype
♂ (
The species name is derived from the name of the type locality; noun in apposition.
Simaetha menglun sp. nov. resembles S. pengi sp. nov. in the shape of the copulatory organs but can be easily distinguished by the shape of the habitus, the color pattern, and the cheliceral dentition. S. menglun sp. nov. resembles S. gongi Peng, Gong & Kim, 2000 by the general shape of the copulatory organs and the short palpal tibia but can be distinguished by the following: 1) the tip of the embolus is curved in ventral view vs straight in S. gongi (
Male (Figs
Palp
(Fig.
Female (Fig.
Simaetha menglun sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype A, B epigyne, ventral C vulva, dorsal D holotype habitus, dorsal E holotype habitus, ventral F paratype habitus, dorsal G holotype carapace, frontal H holotype chelicerae, dorsal I paratype chelicerae, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.1 (A–C, H–I); 0.5 (D–G).
Epigyne
(Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China.
This species and Simaetha pengi sp. nov. are placed into this genus due to sharing a similar habitus and similar copulatory organs with S. gongi and S. deelemanae which occur in China and Singapore.
Holotype
♂ (
The specific name is a patronym in honor of Prof. Xianjin Peng (Changsha, China), who has produced many important taxonomic works on Chinese jumping spiders; noun (name) in genitive case.
Simaetha pengi sp. nov. resembles S. gongi Peng, Gong & Kim, 2000 but can be distinguished by the apically curved embolus (vs straight), the longer than wide epigynal hood (vs wide than long), and the bifurcated retromarginal tooth of the female chelicerae (vs not bifurcated). The male of S. menglun sp. nov. also somewhat resembles S. deelemanae Zhang, Song & Li, 2003 in the shape of the palp but can be easily distinguished by the short palpal tibia, which is wider than long, but distinctly longer than wide in S. deelemanae.
Male (Figs
Palp
(Fig.
Female (Fig.
Simaetha pengi sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype A epigyne, ventral B vulva, dorsal C holotype habitus, dorsal D holotype habitus, ventral E paratype habitus, dorsal F holotype carapace, frontal G holotype chelicerae, dorsal H paratype chelicerae, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.1 (A, B, G, H); 0.5 (C–F).
Epigyne
(Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China.
The manuscript benefited greatly from comments by Yuri Marusik (Magadan, Russia), Dmitri Logunov (Manchester, UK), Galina N. Azarkina (Novosibirsk, Russia), Wayne Maddison (Vancouver, Canada), and an anonymous referee. Łukasz Trębicki confirmed the identification of Charippus yinae sp. nov. Sarah Crews (San Francisco, USA) checked the English of the final manuscript. Yanfeng Tong, Hao Yu, Zhigang Chen, Zilong Bai, Shijia Liu, Xiaoqi Mi, Jiahui Gan, Yuanfa Yang, and Hong Liu helped with fieldwork. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Shuqiang Li (NSFC-31530067), Xiaoqi Mi (NSFC-31660609), and Natural Science Research Project Foundation of Guizhou Province of Education (KY-2018-345).