Research Article |
Corresponding author: Hélcio R. Gil-Santana ( helciogil@uol.com.br ) Academic editor: Laurence Livermore
© 2020 Hélcio R. Gil-Santana, Jader Oliveira, Jean-Michel Bérenger.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Gil-Santana HR, Oliveira J, Bérenger J-M (2020) A new genus and a new species of Ectrichodiinae from French Guiana and an updated key to the genera of the New World (Hemiptera, Reduviidae). ZooKeys 968: 85-109. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.968.54291
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Amazopothea guilberti gen. nov. et sp. nov. belonging to the subfamily Ectrichodiinae is described based on male and female specimens from French Guiana. An updated key to the New World genera of Ectrichodiinae is provided.
Amazopothea, Heteroptera, male genitalia, Neotropics, Pothea, Pseudopothea
The subfamily Ectrichodiinae in the New World includes 22 genera and more than 100 described species to date (
It is the 23rd genus of this subfamily. Most specimens of this new genus and species from French Guiana, males and females, were collected by the Société Entomologique Antilles-Guyane (SEAG) during a study on a protected area of this country. The specimens were among some important material caught using two kinds of interception traps, a window trap and a malaise trap (similar to those described by
Photographs of the holotype, paratypes and allotype of Amazopothea guilberti gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Figs
The window trap used for catching insects in the forest by SEAG team is a plexiglass window with a gutter at the base, filled with a mixture of water, detergent, and salt (cf.
Scanning electron microscopy images (Figs
The specimens of Amazopothea guilberti examined here were very similar in size and general dimensions, with the exception of some small differences between males and females as commented below. Therefore, only one group of males (n = 11) and females (n = 4) were selected for measurements (Tables
Measurements (mm) of male type specimens (N = 11) of Amazopothea guilberti sp. nov.
Measurements | Holotype | Mean | SD | range | Minimum | Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length to tip of abdomen | 7.75 | 7.62 | 0.36 | 1.1 | 6.9 | 8.0 |
Head length including neck | 1.56 | 1.53 | 0.09 | 0.25 | 1.37 | 1.62 |
Head width across eyes | 1.0 | 0.97 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.87 | 1.0 |
Anteocular portion length | 0.62 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.18 | 0.5 | 0.68 |
Postocular portion length1 | 0.31 | 0.35 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.31 | 0.37 |
Synthlipsis | 0.5 | 0.48 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.43 | 0.5 |
Eye width | 0.31 | 0.28 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.31 |
Fore lobe of pronotum length | 0.75 | 0.67 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.62 | 0.75 |
Fore lobe of pronotum max. width | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 1.37 | 1.56 |
Hind lobe of pronotum length | 0.87 | 0.91 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.81 | 1.0 |
Hind lobe of pronotum max. width | 2.37 | 2.41 | 0.08 | 0.3 | 2.2 | 2.5 |
Abdomen maximum width2 | 2.87 | 2.92 | 0.21 | 0.75 | 2.62 | 3.37 |
Measurements (mm) of female type specimens (N = 4) of Amazopothea guilberti sp. nov.
Measurements | Allotype | Mean | SD | range | Minimum | Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length to tip of abdomen | 8.4 | 8.48 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 8.1 | 8.8 |
Head length including neck | 1.62 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.19 | 1.62 | 1.81 |
Head width across eyes | 1.0 | 1.02 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 1.0 | 1.06 |
Anteocular portion length | 0.56 | 0.7 | 0.09 | 0.19 | 0.56 | 0.75 |
Postocular portion length1 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.31 | 0.44 |
Synthlipsis | 0.5 | 0.48 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.43 | 0.5 |
Eye width | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Fore lobe of pronotum length | 0.69 | 0.67 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.62 | 0.75 |
Fore lobe of pronotum max. width | 1.62 | 1.69 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 1.62 | 1.75 |
Hind lobe of pronotum length | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Hind lobe of pronotum max. width | 2.5 | 2.48 | 0.08 | 0.19 | 2.37 | 2.56 |
Abdomen maximum width2 | 3.56 | 3.48 | 0.08 | 0.19 | 3.56 | 3.37 |
Most of the figures of the male genitalia (Figs
Observations were made using a stereoscope microscope (Zeiss Stemi) and a compound microscope (Leica CME). Measurements were made using a micrometer eyepiece. General morphological terminology mainly follows
The specimens examined will be deposited as follows: male holotype, 6 male paratypes, female allotype, and 1 female paratype in the Museum national d’Histoire naturelle (
Amazopothea guilberti sp. nov., by present designation.
Amazopothea gen. nov. can be separated from other genera of Ectrichodiinae by the combination of characters presented in the key below. Amazopothea and Pothea Amyot & Serville, 1843 have a common characteristic which distinguishes them from all the other New World Ectrichodinae, i.e., the first (visible) labial segment elongated, longer than the second and the third (visible) together, while in the other genera this segment is shorter or at most subequal to the others together. However, Amazopothea can be promptly separated from Pothea by the presence of numerous large, rounded, deep punctations present all over sternites III–VII, while in the latter genus the integument of the sternites is generally smooth, at most with minute sparse shallow small punctations in some segments portions.
Body integument mostly shiny. Head elongated, almost as long as pronotum (including neck); anteocular portion approximately twice longer than postocular portion (excluding neck); ratio between the total length (including neck) and maximum width across the eyes of the head around 1.6. Clypeus elongated, slightly wider at basal portion. Antennifers adjacent to the anterior margin of the eyes, their integument with moderately deep transverse subparallel sulci, more numerous and deeper on the basal half; eyes prominent, rounded in dorsal view, reniform in lateral view; transverse sulcus well marked, transverse, reaching inner posterior angle of the eye; anteriorly, a pair of longitudinal sulci running from transverse sulcus, where they are close but diverging until the level of the anterior margin of the eye, where they become slightly convergent to end near the inner side of the apex of antennifers; between them, integument presenting several parallel transverse incomplete impressions, which become more numerous and deeper anteriorly, forming sulci, similar to those on antennifers. Vertex not elevated. Ocellar tubercle prominent, large, undivided, ocelli rounded, the distance between them subequal or larger than the diameter of each ocelli; antenna inserted proximal to midpoint between anterior margin of the eyes and apex of the head; scape surpassing the apex of the head by its distal half to distal two thirds, somewhat curved and enlarged towards apex, shorter than pedicel; the latter slightly curved; flagellum slender, divided in pseudosegments, two basiflagellomeres and four distiflagellomeres; basiflagellomeres thinner than pedicel, the first basiflagellomere slightly longer than the second; distiflagellomeres somewhat thinner than basiflagellomeres, subequal in length. Labium moderately thick, segment II (first visible) straight, approximately twice longer than the segment III, also longer than the others together, by approximately 1.4 to 1.5 times, its apex approximately at level or distal to the posterior margin of the eyes; segment III somewhat thinner towards apex; segment IV, shorter, tapering, reaching stridulatory sulcus approximately at its anterior fourth. Ventral surface of head with some shallow transverse linear impressions medially. Constriction between postocular portion and neck distinct. Thorax: integument shiny; collar thin; anterolateral angles rounded and small; fore lobe rounded on anterior and lateral margins, shorter and narrower than hind lobe; integument slightly wrinkled, mid-longitudinal furrow on fore lobe represented by a deep median longitudinal depression, variable in deepness and size on approximately midportion of posterior half, besides that, in some specimens, from anterior margin to the depression, a shallow and flattened sulcus is present too; at median portion of transverse furrow, a large fovea, variable in size, but always prominent, below which the mid-longitudinal furrow is represented by some large and deep punctations, progressively smaller towards posterior margin, shortly exceeding the distal half of the hind lobe or extending to the anterior portion of distal third of hind lobe; sometimes the punctations are fused to each other, resulting in larger and less numerous ones; transverse furrow distinct, carinulate, interrupted at median portion, distant from the median fovea by a distance subequal to the transverse diameter of the latter; the portions between the fovea and each transverse furrow are elevated, forming a pair of short ridges beside the central fovea. The transverse furrow continues on propleura, ending at short distance above the base of the propleural posteroventral process described below. Posterolateral furrows of pronotum distinct, their basal portion almost contiguous or somewhat distal to the transverse furrow, formed by a series of shallow punctations, which are somewhat larger, deeper and converge to the direction of scutellum base at distal portion; humeral angles rounded. Scutellum with irregular borders and a shallow, relatively small median depression; prongs widely separated at the base and parallel or subparallel towards their apices. Supracoxal lobes of propleura somewhat prominent, those of meso and metapleura not; propleura with posteroventral elongated processes, directed posteromedially, just posterior to laterodistal third of fore coxa, above lateral portion of anterior margins of mesosternum. Integument of mesopleura mostly smooth; slightly rugose on posterior third and on supracoxal lobe; integument of metapleura and of the respective supracoxal lobe rugose, with several linear subparallel irregular shallow ridges, superior margin slightly thickened and curved. Prosternum wider on approximately anterior half, moderately large, prolonged between fore coxae, apex rounded and surpassing them, reaching mesosternum, with its median portion occupied by the stridulitrum. Mesosternum anteriorly to middle coxa mostly flattened and with smooth integument; its median portion, just posterior to apex of process of prosternum, depressed on anterior margin and with some transverse sulci laterally, below which a small oval depression on midline, with elevated borders; laterally to the latter, a pair of subrectangular small depressions; middle coxae bordered by elevated margins anteriorly and medially; between them, a moderately elevated area with integument marked by few shallow transverse sulci. Metasternum short; median portion nearly squared, integument smooth, posterior margin elevated. Fore coxae close, separated by a distance somewhat longer than approximately half the width of each of them; middle and hind coxae separated from each other by a distance approximately equivalent to somewhat more than twice and approximately 1.5 times the width of each of them, respectively. Fore and middle femora subequally long, the former somewhat thickened, except at basal and distal portions and the latter, slightly thickened subapically; hind femora longer, slender, somewhat thickened subapically. On middle femora, a median ventral shallow and thin crest running from basal portion to near distal portion, imperceptible in some specimens. Tibiae straight, slightly longer than the correspondent femora; fore tibiae thicker at apex, in which the anterior margin is prominent and there is a mesal comb; mid and hind tibiae only somewhat thicker at apex; tibial pad on fore and middle tibiae very small. All tarsi slender, three-segmented. Hemelytra generally dull; moderately shiny on base of dorsal surface, laterally, and on lateral portion, basally (the same portions in which the coloration is pale yellowish). Abdomen: connexivum with posterolateral angle between segments II and III somewhat prominent. Tergite I narrow; its spiracles visible dorsally somewhat far from lateral margin; anterior margin carinulate only laterally; other tergites carinulate on all extension of anterior margins. Integument of tergites II–VII and half to two-thirds of respective inner portion of dorsal connexival segments generally covered by punctations, which are larger and deeper on the tergites; those of segment VII are less prominent; outer margin of connexivum, distal margins of the tergites, more extensively in the last tergite, with smooth integument. Tergite II with its median portion somewhat lowered and bordered by longitudinal ridges. Scars of dorsal abdominal glands openings (dag) on median anterior margins of tergites V and VI, that on the latter much larger than the one on tergite V. Sternites with shiny integument; sternite II narrower than the following segments, its median portion somewhat elevated and with the integument slightly rugose; sternites II and III separated by canaliculae; other intersternite furrows more evident in median portion, as a thin line, and almost imperceptible laterally, the furrow between segments VI and VII more marked, especially in the female. Integument of sternites III–VII with numerous large, rounded, profound punctations. These punctations are distributed in two main groups in each segment: irregularly aligned below the intersternite furrows on segments IV–VII and grouped roughly as transverse irregular rows on approximately the median portion of each segment; they are absent at lateral portion of sternite III, while on sternite VII they are more randomly distributed, including the space between the proximal line of punctations and also the distal margin of the segment, portions in which, in general, there is no punctation on the other sternites. Ventral portion of connexival segments much narrower than dorsal portion; their integument entirely smooth. Male: segment VIII not visible externally, sclerotized on ventral portion, which is mostly translucent, except on darkened basal margin; the segment becomes wider towards posterior margin; both basal and distal margins curved, the former more than the latter; postero-ventral margin, narrowly elevated, except at lateral portions; dorsal portion membranous and narrower; spiracles on dorsal margin of ventral portion. Female: external genitalia with tergite X distinct.
French Guiana.
The name of the new genus was composed by the word Amazo-, from Amazon, as a tribute for this region in which this remarkable species lives and also because it holds an outstanding biodiversity that must be preserved for future generations. The second word composing the name, Pothea, refers to its apparent proximity of the new genus to this genus. The gender is feminine.
French Guiana, Holotype, male, Patawa, Montagne de Kaw, 20.xi.2001, piège malaise, J. Cerda leg. (
Male. Figures
Coloration
: general coloration pale to pale yellowish with darkened to brownish or blackish portions or markings (Figs
Amazopothea guilberti gen. nov. et sp. nov., male paratypes 5 right scape and apex of the head, dorsal view 6 pronotum, lateral view 7 scutellum, dorsal view 8 apical portion of prothorax and mesosternum, ventral view 9 approximately apical half of hemelytra and abdomen of three males, with hemelytra not reaching (A), reaching (B) or slightly surpassing (C) the apex of the abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (9); 0.2 mm (6); 0.1 mm (5, 7, 8).
Male genitalia.
Genital capsule, in ventral and lateral views: exposed portion of pygophore sub pentagonal (Fig.
Amazopothea guilberti gen. nov. et sp. nov., male paratype, abdomen 10 dorsal view 11 ventral view 12 median portion of tergite II 13–15 ventral view 13 sternites II, III and IV (basal portion) 14, 15 right side of sternites II and III 14 except apico-lateral portion of sternite III 15 mediolateral portion, including canaliculae between these sternites. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (10, 11); 0.2 mm (13, 14); 0.1 mm (12, 15).
Female. Figures
Amazopothea guilberti gen. nov. et sp. nov., male paratype, abdomen 16–18 dorsal view 16 segments IV (except basal portion), V–VI and VII (basal portion), arrows point to the dag on tergites V and VI 17 dag on median anterior margin of tergite VI 18 segments VI (distal portion) and VII 19–22 right side of segments, latero-ventral view 19 III and most part of II and IV 20 III (distal portion), IV and V (except latero-distal portion) 21 IV (distal portion), V and VI (except latero-distal portion) 22 distal portion of segment VII, including genital capsule 23 segment VII, including genital capsule, ventral view. Abbreviation: dag: scar of dorsal abdominal gland opening Scale bars: 0.5 mm (16); 0.2 mm (18–23); 0.1 mm (17).
French Guiana.
Amazopothea guilberti gen. nov. et sp. nov., male paratype 24 genital capsule “in situ”, ventral view 25, 26 abdominal segment VIII 25 ventral view 26 dorsal view 27, 28 pygophore and parameres 27 ventral view 28 dorsal view (br: transverse bridge; pa: paramere; pt: proctiger) 29 medial process of pygophore, anterior view 30, 31 left paramere 31 apical portion. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (25–28, 30); 0.1 mm (24); 0.05 mm (29, 31).
The new species is named in honor to Dr Eric Guilbert (
Amazopothea guilberti gen. nov. et sp. nov., paratype, male genitalia 32–34 phallus not inflated 32 dorsal view 33 ventral view 34 lateral view 35 phallus inflated, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bpa: basal plate arm; bpb: basal plate bridge; bpe: basal plate extension; dpes: dorsal phallothecal sclerite-endosomal struts fusion; dps: dorsal phallothecal sclerite; es: endosomal struts; gr: grooves; mpe: median process of endosoma; srl: flat median small rounded lobe; stp: subtriangular process 36 median process of endosoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (33–35); 0.1 mm (32, 36).
In Ectrichodiinae, the sexual dimorphism ranges from slight (e.g., body size, development of the hemelytron, and eye and ocellar size) to extreme, where females exhibit brachyptery to aptery in both pairs of wings and major modifications in other parts of the body (
Amazopothea guilberti gen. nov. et sp. nov., female paratype 41–43 dorsal view 41 right scape and apex of the head 42 pronotum 43 scutellum 44, 45 ventral view 44 prosternum and fore coxa 45 middle leg, apex of tibia and basal portion of tarsus, arrows point to the tibial pad 46 abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (42, 46); 0.1 mm (41, 43–45).
Amazopothea guilberti gen. nov. et sp. nov., female paratype 47–49 abdomen, dorsal view 47 segments IV (distal half), V–VI and VII (basal portion), arrows point to the dag on tergites V and VI 48 dag on median anterior margin of tergite VI. Abbreviation: dag: scar of dorsal abdominal gland opening 49 segments VI (distal portion) and VII 50 abdomen, ventrolateral view 51, 52 female genitalia 51 posterior view 52 posteroventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (47, 49, 50); 0.2 mm (51, 52); 0.1 mm (48).
Amazopothea gen. nov. seems closer to Pothea, which currently includes 34 valid species (
Male genitalic characters apparently have little utility in the taxonomy of Neotropical Ectrichodiinae (
The male genitalia of four species of Pothea studied by
Among the aforementioned recorded male genitalia, it is noteworthy the similarity between the grooves (gr) on the midlateral portions of the phallothecal sclerite of Amazopothea guilberti (Figs
1 | Antennal insertion shielded laterally by a small sclerite. Scutellum with two midlateral projections and an apical blunt tip. Tarsi two-segmented. Fore and middle tibia without tibial pad | Ectrichodiella Fracker & Bruner, 1924 |
– | Antennal insertion with at most a small process on the antennifer. Scutellum with two distal prongs. Tarsi three-segmented. Fore and middle tibia with tibial pad | 2 |
2 | Antennal insertion shielded laterally by a small process on the antennifer; vertex elevated, ocellar tubercle conical | Jorgcoris Carpintero, 1980 |
– | Antennal insertion not shielded by an antennifer process; vertex not elevated, ocellar tubercle conical or rounded | 3 |
3 | Four antennal segments | 4 |
– | Six or more [apparent] antennal segments | 5 |
4 | Ocelli not raised on an ocellar tubercle; abdominal sternites with heavy punctation | Schuhella Dougherty, 1995 |
– | Ocelli raised on an ocellar tubercle; abdominal sternites without heavy punctation | Zirta Stål, 1859 |
5 | Fore femur with a ventral cleft | 6 |
– | Fore femur without ventral cleft, although it may be armed on ventral surface | 9 |
6 | Coloration uniformly black | Wygodzinskyocoris Dougherty, 1995 |
– | Coloration with a combination of dark and light brown | 7 |
7 | Abdominal sternites heavily punctated | Cryptonannus Dougherty, 1995 |
– | Abdominal sternites lacking heavy punctation | 8 |
8 | Head elongate in lateral view, i.e., head length greater than head height | Sinchocoris Dougherty, 1995 |
– | Head subtriangular in lateral view, i.e., head length and height subequal | Doblepardocoris Dougherty, 1995 |
9 | Fore femora with a row of large dentiform processes ventrally | Borgmeierina Wygodzinsky, 1949 |
– | Fore femora unarmed or at most with a series of minute denticles or stiffened setae ventrally | 10 |
10 | Postocular region with a pair of blunt elevations; seven antennal segments; fore and middle femora incrassate, with a ventral carina and a row of setigerous and dentiform tubercles; length 9–9.5 mm | Xarada Carpintero, 1980 |
– | Postocular region without a pair of elevations; seven or eight antennal segments; fore and middle femora incrassated or not incrassated, without a ventral carina and a row of setigerous and dentiform tubercles | 11 |
11 | Seven antennal segments; anterior pronotal lobe with a pair of paramedial carinated lobes, ocellar tubercle conical; prongs of scutellum close basally, divergent distally, spiniform | Travassocoris Wygodzinsky, 1947 |
– | Seven or eight antennal segments; anterior pronotal lobe without a pair of paramedial carinated lobes; ocellar tubercle not conical: prongs of scutellum separated basally, subparallel. | 12 |
12 | Robust species of 15 to almost 40 mm in length; fore femora thickened, sometimes strongly so; middle femora less frequently thickened, both with blunt tubercles or sharp and dentiform processes set on areas with short stiff setae; fore and middle trochanters with similar armature; fore and middle tibiae slightly or strongly thickening toward apex, with tibial pad well developed | Brontostoma Kirkaldy, 1904 |
– | Smaller and/or less robust species; femora slender or slightly thickened; different set of characters | 13 |
13 | Head longer than wide | 14 |
– | Head length as long as or shorter than the width | 20 |
14 | First (visible) labial segment elongate, longer than second and third (visible) together; pronotum smooth and shiny | 15 |
– | First (visible) labial segment shorter than or at most subequal to second and third (visible) together; pronotum opaque, typically rugose, seldom smooth and shiny | 16 |
15 | Abdominal sternites with numerous and large punctations; small species | Amazopothea gen. nov. |
– | Abdominal sternites lacking numerous and large punctations; small to large species | Pothea Amyot & Serville, 1843 |
16 | Second (visible) labial segment longer than first; anterior pronotal lobe with distinct sculpture, posterior pronotal lobe rugose; metasternum with two transverse carinae | Margacoris Carpintero, 1980 |
– | Second (visible) labial segment subequal in length to first segment; different set of characters | 17 |
17 | First (visible) labial segment shorter than second and third together; second segment subequal to first, at most slightly longer or shorter; body red-orange and black, rarely brownish species | 18 |
– | First (visible) labial almost as long as or slightly longer than second and third together; second distinctly shorter than first; body dark brown, brownish, blackish, at most with yellowish markings | 19 |
18 | Longitudinal sulcus of the anterior pronotal lobe well developed anteriorly, but not reaching transverse sulcus; pronotum often rugose on anterior lobe, opaque or moderately shiny; length 10–26 mm | Rhiginia Stål, 1859 |
– | Longitudinal sulcus of the anterior pronotal lobe deep medially, but not reaching anterior or posterior margins of lobe; pronotum shiny, smooth; length 12–15 mm | Pseudozirta Bérenger & Gil-Santana, 2005 |
19 | First antennal segment approximately half as long as head; median longitudinal sulcus on anterior pronotal lobe obsolete; length 9–14.5 mm | Pseudopothea Wygodzinsky, 1951 |
– | First antennal segment about as long as head; median longitudinal sulcus well developed on anterior pronotal lobe and extending onto posterior lobe continuously; length 8–17 mm | Racelda Signoret, 1863 |
20 | Body not flattened dorsoventrally | 21 |
– | Body flattened dorsoventrally | 22 |
21 | With ventrolateral elevations posterior to eyes; ocellar tubercles and ocelli large to very large; legs slender, ventrally without spines or carinae; tibial pad very small, less than 1/5 length of fore and 1/10 length of middle tibiae; length 14–25 mm | Cricetopareis Breddin, 1903 |
– | Without ventrolateral elevations posterior to eyes; ocellar callus conical or flattened; fore and middle legs strongly carinated below, femora with setigerous tubercles and dentiform spines; tibial pad on fore and middle tibiae moderately developed, extending to between 1/5 to 1/3 length of segment; body length 6–13 mm | Daraxa Stål, 1859 |
22 | Longitudinal sulcus of anterior pronotal lobe reduced to a fovea; anteocular region longer than postocular; head elongate; fore and middle femora slightly enlarged, fusiform, ventrally carinated with setigerous tubercles | Pseudodaraxa Carpintero, 1980 |
– | Longitudinal sulcus of pronotum extending across both lobes; anteocular region much shorter than postocular; head hemispherical, vertical; fore femora enlarged basally, narrowing at apex, curved, thinly carinated ventrally, on basal 2/3, with setigerous and teeth-like tubercles; middle and hind femora similar, slender, straight, without carinae | Pseudoracelda Carpintero, 1980 |
We would like to thank to SEAG members who do an extraordinary job of catching and sorting material by insect orders, and SEAG for donating the specimens collected by them. We would also like to thank the Central Scanning Electron Microscopy Laboratory of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Araraquara Campus for the opportunity to use its Scanning Electron Microscopy. The second author (JO) thanks Brazilian CAPES (“Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior 001”) for the financial support and Dr. João Aristeu da Rosa for the support and for providing the structure of the Parasitology Laboratory. We are also very grateful to Paride Dioli, Michael D. Schwartz, Laurence Livermore, and Nathalie Yonow, for their valuable comments and suggestions.