Colinauropus regis Remy, 1956.

Body fusiform; head and pygidium free; tergites divided into sclerotized coarse plates, partly of irregular shape; stalk of antennal globulus g shorter than globulus itself; adults with first and last pair of legs 5-segmented, remaining pairs 6-segmented; pygidial sternum with two pairs of setae b₁+b₂ (Scheller 2011).

Ethiopian, Palaearctic, and Oriental regions.

Holotype , female adult with 9 pairs of legs (slide no. JS-WX-PA2017033), China, Jiangsu Province, Wuxi City, Daji Mountain, extracted from soil samples in bamboo forest, elev. 5 m, 31°32'N, 120°12'E, 9-X-2017, coll. Y. Bu. Paratypes, 2 female adults with 9 pairs of legs (slides no. JS-WX-PA2017031, JS-WX-PA2017032), same data as holotype; 1 female adult with 9 pairs of legs (slide no. JS-WX-PA2018006), same locality as holotype, 9-X-2018, coll. Y. Bu.

Colinauropus chinensis sp. nov. is characterized by the cylindrical, annulate setae on head, antennae and tergites; tergite I without distinct sclerotized plates; tergite II with 2 large and 4 small sclerotized plates; tergites III–V each with 4 large and 4 small plates; tergite VI with 2 large plates; seta st on tergum of pygidium cylindrical; bothriotrichum T₃ with thicker axis and dense tufted pubescence distally.

Adult body length (0.88–) 0.96 (–0.98) mm (N = 4); body white-yellow in alcohol, sclerotized plates on tergites brown (Fig. 2A).

Head (Figs 1A, 2D). Dorsal setae cylindrical, annulate, first and second rows shorter than posterior rows. Relative lengths of setae, 1^st row: a₁ = 10, a₂ = 8 (–9); 2^nd row: a₁ = 13 (–14), a₂ = 7 (–9), a₃ = 7; 3^rd row: a₁ = (18–) 20, a₂ = (23–) 24; 4^th row: a₁ = 16 (–17), a₂ = 16 (–17), a₃ = 22 (–25), a₄ = 14 (–16); lateral group setae l₁ =21 (–26), l₂ = 26 (–31), l₃ = 29 (–35); the ratio a₁/a₁–a₁ in 1^st row 0.7 (–0.9), 2^nd row 0.5, 3^rd row1.2 and 4^th row 0.7 (–0.8). Temporal organs oval in dorsal view, their length 0.8 of their shortest distance apart. Pistil present. Head cuticle faintly granular.

Antennae (Figs 1E, 2B, C). Antennal segments 1–3 with 2, 2, 3 short, cylindrical, annulate setae respectively, and 1 rudimentary setae present on segment 3. Antennal segment 4 with 4 cylindrical setae; relative lengths of setae: p = 10, p’ = 6, p’’ = 5, r = 5; tergal seta p (1.3–) 1.4 times as long as tergal branch t; the latter cylindrical, 1.7 (–1.8) times as long as its greatest diameter and 0.8 of sternal branch s, which itself is 1.6 times as long as its greatest diameter. Seta q cylindrical, annulate, 0.9 of s. Relative lengths of flagella (base segments included) and base segments: F₁ = 100, bs₁ = 8 (–11); F₂= (41–) 49, bs₂ = (5–) 6; F₃ = (84–) 92, bs₃ = 9 (–10). F₁ (6.6–) 7.2 times as long as t, F₂ and F₃ (2.3–) 2.7 and (4.8–) 5.1 times as long as s respectively. Distal calyces spherical; apex of flagella fusiform, with a short lateral flap. Globulus g 1.7 times as long as wide; about 12 bracts, capsule spherical; width of g (0.5–) 0.6 of the greatest diameter of t. Antennal cuticle granulated.

Trunk. Setae on collum segment cylindrical, annulate; sublateral setae length (20–) 22 μm, (1.9–) 2.0 times as long as submedian setae; sternite process triangular, furcate and granulated; appendages barrel shaped (Fig. 2E). Tergite I with 4+4 short, cylindrical setae (14–15 μm), posteriorly with two patches of thickened cuticles but not form distinct sclerotized plates (Fig. 2F); Tergite II with 6+6 setae (9–20 μm), 4 small anterior and 2 large posterior sclerotized plates (Figs 1B, 2G); Tergites III–V each with 6+6 setae (9–21 μm), 4 large and 4 small sclerotized plates (Fig. 2H–J); Tergite VI with 4+2 setae and 2 large plates (Fig. 2K), posterior setae 10 (–11) μm long, their mutual distance 20 (–23) μm (Fig. 2K). Sclerotized plates with dense, brown granules, diameter 1.5–3.2 μm (Fig. 1B). Other areas of cuticle on tergites with pale and fine granules.

Bothriotricha. Relative lengths: T₁ = 100, T₂ = (110–) 117, T₃ = (122–) 128, T₄ =133(–140), T₅ = (167–) 178. T₁, T₂, T₄ and T₅ long, with short erect and oblique pubescence on axis (Fig. 1C). T₃ with thicker axis and dense tufted pubescence distally (Fig. 1D).

Legs. First and last pair of legs 5-segmented, others 6-segmented (Fig. 3A–C). Setae on coxa and trochanter of legs 1–8 cylindrical, annulate (Fig. 3A, C), length 13 (–14) μm and 18 (–20) μm respectively. Setae on coxa of leg 9 cylindrical, annulate, length (15–) 17 μm (Fig. 3B, D). Setae on trochanter of leg 9 furcate, with subcylindrical, annulate, blunt branches, shorter one about (0.6–) 0.7 of longer one (Fig. 3B, D). Tarsi 1–8 with short, annulate distal seta (6 μm) only (Fig. 3A, C). Tarsus of leg 9 tapering, 35 μm in length, 3.2 (–3.5) times as long as its greatest diameter (Fig. 3B), proximal seta slender, pointed, striate, 10 (–13) μm in length; distal seta cylindrical, annulate, 6 (–7) μm in length, about 0.2 of the tarsal length. Cuticle of tarsus pubescent.

Pygidium. Tergum. Posterior margin waved. Relative lengths of setae: a₁ = 10, a₂ = 13, a₃ = 15, st = 10 (–12). Setae distinctly differentiated, a₁ short, clavate, pubescent; a₂ and a₃ slender and pubescent (Figs 1F, 2K); st thick and pubescent (Figs 1G, 2K). Distance a₁–a₁ as same long as a₁; distance a₁–a₂ 2.0 (–2.5) times as long as a₂–a₃; distance st–st (1.5–) 1.6 times as long as st and 1.6 (–1.8) times as long as distance a₁–a₁.

Sternum (Figs 1G, 2L). Posterior margin with a deep indention between b₁. Relative lengths of setae (a₁ =10): b₁ = 33(–35), b₂ =13 (–15). Seta b₁ cylindrical, thick and annulate; b₂ slender and short, pubescent. Distance b₁–b₁ (0.7–) 0.8 of length of b₁; distance b₁–b₂ (0.7–) 0.9 of b₂.

Anal plate linguiform, glabrous, 2.0 times longer than broad, lateral margins concave in anterior part, posterior margin with three small lobes; two pairs of appendages present: inner one tiny and conical; outer one cylindrical and longer, (0.4–) 0.5 of the length of plate and with short pubescence (Figs 1G, 2L).

The species is named after China where the type specimens were collected.

China (Jiangsu). Only known from the type locality.

Colinauropus chinensis sp. nov. is most similar to C. haginoi Scheller, 2009 from Philippines in the similar shape of the anal plate and absence of sclerotized plates on tergite I. They can be easily distinguished by the number of sclerotized plates on tergites II and VI (6 and 2 in C. chinensis sp. nov., vs. 8 and 4 in C. haginoi), length of setae on collum segment (sublateral setae 1.9–2.0 times as long as submedian setae in C. chinensis sp. nov. vs. 3.2 times in C. haginoi), and the shape of T₃ (subcylindrical, not clavate in C. chinensis sp. nov. vs. proximal half distinctly clavate in C. haginoi).

Holotype , female adult with 9 pairs of legs (slide no. JS-WX-PA2018007), China, Jiangsu Province, Wuxi City, Daji Mountain, extracted from soil samples in bamboo forest, elev. 5 m, 31°32'N, 120°12'E, 8-X-2018, coll. Y. Bu. Non-type specimens, 1 juvenile with 8 pairs of legs (slides no. JS-WX-PA2017034), 2 juveniles with 6 pairs of legs (slides no. JS-WX-PA2018008, JS-WX-PA2018009), same data as holotype.

Colinauropus chongzhoui sp. nov. is characterized by the slender, annulate-striate setae on head, antennae and tergites; tergite I with 1 large sclerotized plate; tergite II with 6 small and 2 large sclerotized plates; tergites III–V each with 4 large and 4 small plates; tergite VI with 2 large plates; seta st on tergum of pygidium clavate; bothriotrichum T₃ brush-shaped, with branched pubescence distally.

Adult body length 0.97 mm (N = 1); body white-yellow in alcohol, sclerotized plates on tergites brown (Fig. 5A).

Head (Figs 4A, 5C). Dorsal setae short, cylindrical, annulate-striate, except seta a₃ of second row which is slender and tapering. Relative lengths of setae, 1^st row: a₁ = 10, a₂ = 10; 2^nd row: a₁ = 8, a₂ = 14, a₃ = 14; 3^rd row: a₁ = 9, a₂ =10; 4^th row: a₁ = 12, a₂ = 14, a₃ = 21, a₄ = 12; lateral group setae l₁ =23, l₂ = 21, l₃ = 19; the ratio a₁/a₁–a₁ in 1^st row 1.5, 2^nd row 0.6, 3^rd row 0.9 and 4^th row 0.7. Temporal organs oval in dorsal view, their length 1.1 times as long as their shortest distance apart. Pistil present. Head cuticle with dense granules.

Antennae (Figs 4E, 5B). Antennal segments 1–3 with 2, 2, 3 short, cylindrical, annulate setae respectively, and 1 rudimentary seta present on segment 3. Antennal segment 4 with 4 cylindrical setae and rudimentary seta u; relative lengths of setae: p = 10, p’ = 6, p’’ = 6, r = 6, u = 1; tergal seta p 1.1 times as long as tergal branch t; the latter cylindrical, 2.2 times as long as its greatest diameter and 0.9 of sternal branch s, which itself is 1.9 times as long as its greatest diameter. Seta q cylindrical, annulate, 1.3 times as long as s. Relative lengths of flagella (base segments included) and base segments: F₁ = 100, bs₁ = 10; F₂ = 52, bs₂ = 5; F₃ = 88, bs₃ = 9. F₁ 6.4 times as long as t, F₂ and F₃ 2.9 and 4.9 times as long as s respectively. Distal calyces spherical; apex of flagella fusiform, with a short lateral flap. Globulus g 1.7 times as long as wide; about 12 bracts, capsule spherical; width of g 0.5 of the greatest diameter of t. Antennal cuticle densely granulated.

Trunk. Setae on collum segment cylindrical, annulate; sublateral setae length 23 μm, 2.1 times as long as submedian setae; sternite process triangular, furcate and granulated; appendages cylindrical and tapering (Fig. 5D). Tergite I with 4+4 cylindrical setae (12–13 μm) and 1 large sclerotized plate (Fig. 5E) (2 plates in juveniles, Fig. 5F); Tergite II with 6+6 setae (12–23 μm), 6 small anterior and 2 large posterior sclerotized plates (Figs 4B, 5G); Tergites III–V each with 6+6 setae (6–27 μm), 4 large and 4 small sclerotized plates (Fig. 5H–J); Tergite VI with 4+2 setae and 2 large plates (Fig. 5K), posterior setae 23 μm long, their mutual distance 18 μm (Fig. 5K). Sclerotized plates with dense, brown granules, diameter 2–4 μm, and each granule with one short straight apical hair (Fig. 4B). Other areas of cuticle on tergites with coarse granules.

Bothriotricha. Relative lengths: T₁ = 100, T₂ = 113, T₃ = 86, T₄ =118, T₅ = 167. T₁, T₂, T₄ and T₅ thin, long, with short erect or oblique pubescence on axis (Fig. 4C). T₃ brush-shaped, with thicker axis and branched pubescence in distal 2/3 (Figs 4D, 6E).

Legs. First and last pair of legs 5-segmented, others 6-segmented. Setae on coxa and trochanter of legs 1–8 cylindrical, annulate, length 13–15 μm and 16–20 μm respectively (Fig. 6D). Setae on coxa of leg 9 cylindrical, annulate, length 12 μm (Fig. 6C). Seta on trochanter of leg 9 furcate, with two subcylindrical, annulate, blunt branches, shorter one about 0.5 of longer one (Fig. 6C). Tarsi 1–8 with short annulate distal seta (8 μm) only. Tarsus of leg 9 tapering, 40 μm in length, 3.6 times as long as its greatest diameter (Fig. 6B), proximal seta slender, pointed, striate, 11 μm in length; distal one cylindrical, annulate, 9 μm in length, about 0.2 of the tarsal length. Cuticle of tarsus pubescent.

Pygidium. Tergum. Posterior margin blunt triangular. Relative lengths of setae: a₁ = 10, a₂ = 12, a₃ = 16, st = 5. Setae distinctly differentiated, a₁ cylindrical, pubescent; a₂ and a₃ slender, pubescent (Fig. 4F); st short, clavate, pubescent (Figs 4G, 6A). Distance a₁–a₁ 0.7 of length of a₁; distance a₁–a₂ 1.6 times as long as a₂–a₃; distance st–st 2.0 times as long as st and 1.5 times as long as distance a₁–a₁.

Sternum (Figs 4G, 6A). Posterior margin with one lower indention between b₁. Relative lengths of setae (a₁ =10): b₁ = 28, b₂ =12. Seta b₁ cylindrical, thick, annulate; b₂ slender, short, pubescent. Distance b₁–b₁ 0.8 of length of b₁; distance b₁–b₂ 0.9 of b₂.

Anal plate linguiform, 1.7 times longer than broad; a pair of clavate appendage inserted posteriorly, 0.4 of the length of plate, and with short pubescence (Figs 4G, 6A).

The species is dedicated to the honor of the late Professor Chongzhou Zhang (1930–2014) who was an eminent zoologist from Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for his great contribution to the knowledge of Myriapoda of China (Stoev et al. 2014).

China (Jiangsu). Only known from the type locality.

Colinauropus chongzhoui sp. nov. is similar to Colinauropus regis Remy, 1956 in the shape of anal plate. They can be easily distinguished by the number of sclerotized plates on tergite I (1 large plate in C. chongzhoui sp. nov. vs. 2 in C. regis) and tergite II (8 in C. chongzhoui sp. nov., vs. 6 in C. regis), shape of setae on tergites (slender and striate in C. chongzhoui sp. nov. vs. clavate and pubescent in C. regis), and the shape of seta a₁ on pygidium (tapering in C. chongzhoui sp. nov. vs. clavate in C. regis).

Holotype , female adult with 9 pairs of legs (slide no. SC-PA2017002), China, Sichuan Province, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Region, Kangding City, Yala town, 30°06'N, 101°57'E, elev. 3100 m, soil samples from mixed forest, 11-VIII-2017, coll. C.W. Huang. Paratypes, 1 male adult with 9 pairs of legs (slides no. SC-PA2017001) and 1 female adult with 9 pairs of legs (slide no. SC-PA2017003), same data as holotype.

Colinauropus foliosus sp. nov. is characterized by the leaf-shaped pubescent setae on head and tergites; tergite I with one large sclerotized plate; tergites II–IV each with 4 large and 4 small plates; tergite V with 4 large and 2 small middle sclerotized plates; tergite VI with 2 large plates; granules on plates ovoid, each inserted with one fine hair; seta st on tergum of pygidium clavate; bothriotrichum T₃ with thick axis and dense tufted pubescence distally.

Adult body length 1.28 (–1.32) mm (N = 3); body white-yellow in alcohol, sclerotized plates on tergites brown (Fig. 8A).

Head (Figs 7A, 8D). Dorsal setae distinctly differentiated, on first and second rows cylindrical to tapering; on third and fourth rows leaf-shaped and with long pubescence; seta a₃ of second row slender and tapering. Relative lengths of setae, 1^st row: a₁ = 10, a₂ = 10 (–12); 2^nd row: a₁ = 10 (–11), a₂ = (11–) 12, a₃ = 12 (–13); 3^rd row: a₁ = (18–) 20, a₂ = 18 (–20); 4^th row: a₁ = 13 (–16), a₂ = (15–) 17, a₃ = 20 (–23), a₄ = 16 (–17); lateral group setae l₁ =18 (–24), l₂ = 18 (–23), l₃ = 25(–32); the ratio a₁/a₁–a₁ in 1^st row (1.6–) 1.7, 2^nd row (0.7–) 0.8, 3^rd row1.0 (–1.1) and 4^th row 0.7 (–0.8). Temporal organs oval in dorsal view, their length (0.8–) 0.9 of their shortest distance apart. Pistil present. Head cuticle with coarse granules.

Antennae (Figs 7C, 8B, C). Antennal segments 1–3 with 2, 2, 3 short cylindrical pubescent setae respectively, and 1 rudimentary seta present on segment 3. Antennal segment 4 with 4 tapering setae and a short, rudimentary u; relative lengths of setae: p = 10, p’ = 7 (–8), p’’ = (6–) 7, r = 5 (–6), u = 1; tergal seta p (0.9 of –) 1.0 times as long as tergal branch t; the latter cylindrical, 1.8 (–2.0) times as long as its greatest diameter and 0.7 (–0.9) of sternal branch s, which itself about 2.0 times as long as its greatest diameter. Seta q cylindrical, annulate, 0.8 (–1.0 times as long as) of s. Relative lengths of flagella (base segments included) and base segments: F₁ = 100, bs₁ = 8 (–11); F₂= (35–) 42, bs₂ = (4–) 5; F₃ = (78–) 93, bs₃ = 7 (–9). F₁ (5.8–) 8.6 times as long as t, F₂ and F₃ 2.0 (–2.1) and 4.4 (–4.8) times as long as s respectively. Distal calyces spherical; apex of flagella fusiform, on F₁ and F₃ with a short lateral flap. Globulus g 1.7 times as long as wide; about 12 bracts, capsule spherical; width of g (0.4–) 0.6 of the greatest diameter of t. Antennal cuticle granulated.

Trunk. Setae on collum segment cylindrical, annulate; sublateral setae length 22 (–34) μm, (1.4–) 1.7 times as long as submedian setae; sternite process triangular, furcate and granulated; appendages tapering (Fig. 8E). Tergite I with 4+4 leaf-shaped setae (22–27 μm) and 1 large sclerotized plate (Fig. 8F); Tergites II–IV each with 6+6 setae (18–40 μm), 4 large and 4 small sclerotized plates (Figs 7B, 8G–I); Tergite V with 6+6 slender setae (20–40 μm), 4 large and 2 small sclerotized plates, posterior plates square (Figs 8J, 9A); Tergite VI with 4+2 setae and 2 large plates (Fig. 8K), posterior setae 35 μm long, their mutual distance 24 (–26) μm (Fig. 8K). Sockets of some setae on tergites and bothriotricha with distinct thickened cuticle surrounded (Figs 7B, D, E, 8F–J). Sclerotized plates with ovoid, brown granules, diameter 1.5–5.0 μm and each with one long curved hair (Figs 7B, 9A). Cuticle granulated or pubescent.

Male genital papillae (Fig. 9E) glabrous, subuliform, 1.5 times as long as greatest diameter; seta 0.5 of the length of papilla. Seta on coxa of leg 2 in male with two adjacent setae (only 1 thick setae in female, 20–25 μm), both cylindrical and annulate, one thick and short, 17 μm in length, another slender and longer, 20 μm in length (Fig. 9E).

Bothriotricha. Relative lengths: T₁ = 100, T₂ = (110–) 100, T₃ = (95–) 105, T₄ =114 (–120), T₅ = (115–) 120. T₁, T₂, T₄ and T₅ thin, long, with short erect pubescence on axes (Fig. 7E). T₃ cylindrical, with thicker axis and dense tufted pubescence in distal 2/3 part (Fig. 7D).

Legs. First and last pair of legs 5-segmented, others 6-segmented (Fig. 9C, D). Setae on coxa and trochanter of legs 1–8 cylindrical, annulate (Fig. 9B), length 23 (–26) μm and 23 (–27) μm respectively. Seta on coxa of leg 9 cylindrical, annulate, length 22 (–25) μm (Fig. 9D). Seta on trochanter of leg 9 furcate, with subcylindrical, annulate, blunt branches, shorter branch about 0.5 of longer one (Fig. 9D). Tarsi 1–8 with short, annulate distal seta (6–8 μm) only (Fig. 9C). Tarsus of leg 9 tapering, 48 (–55) μm in length, 3.7 (–4.2) times as long as its greatest diameter (Fig. 9F), proximal seta slender, pointed, pubescent, 12 (–15) μm in length; distal one cylindrical, annulate, 6 (–8) μm in length, about 0.1 of the tarsal length. Cuticle of tarsus pubescent.

Pygidium. Tergum. Posterior margin straight. Relative lengths of setae: a₁ = 10, a₂ = (8–) 9, a₃ = (12–) 16, st = (7–) 9. Setae a₁ cylindrical, pubescent; a₂ and a₃ slender and pubescent (Figs 7F, 8K); st clavate, pubescent (Fig. 7G). Distance a₁–a₁ (0.6–) 0.8 of a₁; distance a₁–a₂ 2.0 (–2.5) times as long as a₂–a₃; distance st–st (1.5–) 1.6 times as long as st and (1.7–) 2.0 times as long as distance a₁–a₁.

Sternum (Figs 7G, 8L). Posterior margin straight between b₁. Relative lengths of setae (a₁ =10): b₁ = (25–) 29, b₂ =14 (–15). Seta b₁ cylindrical, thick, annulate; b₂ tapering, short, pubescent. Distance b₁–b₁ (0.7–) 0.8 of length of b₁; distance b₁–b₂ (0.6–) 0.7 of b₂.

Anal plate round, glabrous, 1.5 times longer than broad, lateral margins bulged in middle part, posterior part divided into two round, pubescent branches, two tiny lobes present at inner side (Figs 7G, 8L).

The species name “foliosus” from the Latin “foliose”, leaf-shaped, referring to the leaf-shaped setae on head and tergites.

China (Sichuan). Only known from the type locality.

Colinauropus foliosus sp. nov. differs from all other congeners by having 6 sclerotized plates on tergite V, and the posterior two square-shaped, compared with 4 or 8 irregular plates in congeners. It is similar to C. regis Remy, 1956 in the leaf-shaped setae on tergites, but they can be easily distinguished by the number of sclerotized plates on tergite I and II (1 and 8 in C. foliosus sp. nov. vs. 2 and 6 in C. regis), shape of the setae in the posterior two rows of the head (leaf-shaped in C. foliosus sp. nov. vs. cylindrical in C. regis), and the shape of anal plate (with two round posterior branches in C. foliosus sp. nov. vs. with two clavate appendages in C. regis).