Research Article |
Corresponding author: Levente-Péter Kolcsár ( kolcsar.peter@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Torsten Dikow
© 2020 Daichi Kato, Kozo Watanabe, Levente-Péter Kolcsár.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Kato D, Watanabe K, Kolcsár L-P (2020) Synopsis of the genus Ulomorpha Osten Sacken, 1869 (Diptera, Limoniidae) in Japan. ZooKeys 999: 147-163. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.999.52831
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Japanese species of the genus Ulomorpha Osten Sacken, 1869 are revised and U. amamiana Kato & Kolcsár, sp. nov. and U. longipenis Kato & Kolcsár, sp. nov. are described. A key to the four Japanese species of the genus is provided, with images of habitus and wings, and drawings of their male terminalia. Ulomorpha amamiana Kato & Kolcsár, sp. nov. is the first representative of the genus discovered from the Oriental region.
Crane flies, male terminalia, new species, taxonomy, Tipuloidea
Ulomorpha Osten Sacken, 1869 is a small genus of the subfamily Limnophilinae and so far includes two Palaearctic and eight Nearctic species (
Immature stages of U. pilosella (Osten Sacken, 1860) were described by
Two species of the genus have been recorded from Japan, U. nigricolor Alexander, 1924 (Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu islands) and U. polytricha Alexander, 1930 (Yakushima Island) (
The specimens were collected by insect nets by D. Kato and L.-P. Kolcsár and either preserved in 90% ethanol or pinned. Overall descriptions of the species were based on the observations made through a Leica MZ7.5 stereomicroscope. Male terminalia of pinned specimens were heated in a solution of 10% KOH for several minutes, then rinsed in a solution of 70% ethanol with 3% acetic acid for neutralization and transferred to glycerol for examination and drawing. The treated genitalia were preserved in genitalia tubes filled with glycerol and the tubes were pinned below the body remains. Drawings were made using the stereomicroscope equipped with a grid eyepiece micrometer. Habitus and wings were photographed with an Olympus OM-D E-M5 Mark II using a M. Zuiko Digital ED 60 mm F2.8 macro lens. Wing venation terminology follows the traditional system, based on
CKLP Private Collection of L.-P. Kolcsár;
Limnophila pilosella Osten Sacken, 1860 by original designation (
Ulomorpha amamiana Kato & Kolcsár, sp. nov. A habitus, male B basal part of antenna, lateral view C wing D male terminalia, dorsal view E tip of outer gonostylus, dorsal view F aedeagal complex, dorsal view G aedeagal complex, lateral view H interbase, posterodorsal view. Abbreviations: ad – aedeagus; fl – flagellomere; ib – interbase; ig – inner gonostylus; gc – gonocoxite; mib – medial lobe of interbase; og – outer gonostylus; oib – outer lobe of interbase; pb – pubescence; pd – pedicel; t9 – tergite 9; vt – verticil. Scale bars: 3 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E–H).
General coloration shiny black, mainly yellow on legs, body clothed with relatively long setae.
Head
with eye dichoptic, separated by about twice width of scape on dorsal part and about 1.5 times on ventral part; rostrum 2/3–3/4 length of scape; antenna 16–segmented, 3–4 times as long as head; scape cylindrical, about twice length of pedicel and as wide as pedicel; pedicel globular; flagellum with verticils, longer on middle segments, at most 2.5 times as long as each segment, shortest on apical segment, shorter than apical segment; basal flagellomeres (Figs
Thorax
with prescutal pit roundish; tuberculate pit situated near anterior margin on prescutum; meron small, largely membranous on posterior part, separating mid and hind coxae by about 1/2 width of coxa; wing (Figs
Ulomorpha nigricolor Alexander, 1924. A habitus, male B, C wing D male genitalia, dorsal view E tip of outer gonostylus, dorsal surface F aedeagal complex, dorsal view G aedeagal complex, lateral view H interbase, posterodorsal view I female ovipositor, lateral view. Abbreviations: cr – cercus; hv – hypogynial valve; s – sternite; t – tergite. Scale bars: 3 mm (A–C); 0.1 mm (D–H); 0.3 mm (I).
Male terminalia
(Figs
Ulomorpha polytricha Alexander, 1930. A habitus, male B basal part of antenna, lateral view C wing D male genitalia, dorsal view E tip of outer gonostylus, dorsal surface F aedeagal complex, dorsal view G aedeagal complex, lateral view H interbase, posterodorsal view. Scale bars: 3 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D–H).
Ovipositor
(Fig.
1 | Wing with distinct dark spot at origin of Rs and with distinct dark seam on fork of Rs to crossvein m-cu (Fig. |
U. nigricolor Alexander, 1924 |
– | Wing without dark spot at origin of Rs and conspicuous dark seam on crossvein m-cu (Figs |
2 |
2 | Wing with stigma distinctly dark and fork of Rs to crossvein r-m weakly dark (Fig. |
U. longipenis Kato & Kolcsár, sp. nov. |
– | Wing with stigma and dark seam on fork of Rs to crossvein m-cu indistinct (Figs |
3 |
3 | Male flagellum oval on basal 4 segments, with pubescence on basal 6–7 segments ventrally (Fig. |
U. amamiana Kato & Kolcsár, sp. nov. |
– | Male flagellum oval on basal 2–3 segments, with pubescence on basal 2–3 segments ventrally (Fig. |
U. polytricha Alexander, 1930 |
Holotype
♂, pinned. Original label: “JAPAN, Nansei Islands, Amami I., Yamato-son, Yuwangama; alt. 250 m; 28°21.07'N, 129°25.31'E; 31 Mar. 2019; D. Kato leg.” “HOLOTYPE Ulomorpha amamiana Kato & Kolcsár, sp. nov. [red label]” (
Paratypes. Japan: [Nansei Islands] Amami I.: • 2♂, 1♀; same data as holotype • 1♀; Setouchi-chô, Shinokawa, Yakugachi-gawa River; alt. 130 m; 28°13.25'N, 129°18.88'E; 3 Apr. 2019; D. Kato leg. (
Body blackish. Vertex and scutum sparsely pruinose. Flagellomeres oval to bacilliform on basal 4 segments; ventral sides with pubescences on basal 6–7 segments. Wing brownish tinged, unpatterned; stigma sometimes indistinctly darker. Halter yellow. Interbase with outer lobe shorter than medial lobe in dorsal view; medial lobe medial to base of outer lobe about 1.5 times as long as wide. Aedeagus with rod-shaped distal part, twice as long as wide and almost straight.
Male. Body length 5.6–8.0 mm, wing length 5.8–7.9 mm.
Head: subnitidous black, sparsely dusted with gray pruinosity; vertex with brighter gray pruinosity at anterior end. Rostrum and mouthparts brown to dark brown. Antenna brown to dark brown; scape and pedicel sometimes slightly darker; basal 4 flagellomeres oval to bacilliform; basal 6–7 segments covered with pubescences ventrally (Fig.
Thorax: subnitidous dark brown to black, sparsely dusted with brownish pruinosity; postpronotum yellowish or brownish. Wing (Fig.
Abdomen: subnitidous dark brown to black, sparsely covered with brownish pruinosity.
Male terminalia
(Fig.
Female. Body length 7.0–9.2 mm, wing length 5.8–8.0 mm.
Generally resembling male. Antenna with flagellum oval only on segment 1, only basal 2 flagellomeres less distinctly covered with pubescences.
Ovipositor: dark brown; yellow on cercus hypogynial valve, and distal 1/3 of tergite 10; cercus 2.0–2.5 times as long as tergite 10.
The name of this species is derived from that of the type locality, Amami Island. The name is deemed to be a latinized adjective in nominative singular.
Japan (Nansei Islands: Amami Islands (Amami and Tokunoshima Island)) (Fig.
The crane fly fauna of the Nansei Islands or Ryukyu Arc is poorly known, and the new species and new distribution records are recently reported (
This species is similar to U. polytricha Alexander, 1930. See the key to the Japanese species above for differentiation and diagnostic characters.
Holotype
♂, pinned. Original label: “JAPAN, Hokkaido, Sapporo-shi, Minami-ku, Moiwashita, Mt Moiwa-yama; alt. 200 m; 43°0.84'N, 141°20.01'E; 23 Jun. 2014; D. Kato leg.” “HOLOTYPE Ulomorpha longipenis Kato & Kolcsár, sp. nov. [red label]” (
Paratypes. Japan, [Hokkaido] • 3♂; same data as holotype • 1♀; Hidaka-chô, Chisaka, tributary of Saru-gawa River; alt. 739 m; 42°58.39'N, 142°40.79'E; 28 Jul. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg. (CKLP). [Honshu] • 1♀; Aomori, Nishimeya-mura, Kawaratai, Ôkawa Path; alt. 300 m; 40°30.04'N, 140°12.24'E; 30 Jun. 2013; D. Kato leg. (
Body blackish. Vertex sparsely pruinose, sometimes partly polished. Flagellomeres with basal 2–3 segments oval ventral sides with pubescences. Scutum sparsely pruinose or polished. Wing brownish tinged, with oval, dark-brown stigma and weakly dark seam on anterior part of cord. Halter yellowish. Interbase with outer lobe shorter than medial lobe in dorsal view; medial lobe medial to base of outer lobe about 2.3 times as long as wide. Aedeagus with rod-shaped distal part, 3.3–4.4 times as long as wide and almost straight.
Male. Body length 7.2–11.0 mm, wing length 7.1–11.9 mm.
Head: subnitidous black, sparsely dusted with gray pruinosity; vertex with brighter gray pruinosity at anterior end; anterior part of vertex sometimes largely shiny except anterior end or with shiny and small, longitudinally long bacilliform area at middle posterior to anterior brighter area. Rostrum and mouthparts dark brown. Antenna with scape and pedicel dark brown; flagellum dusky yellow to brown; basal 2–3 flagellomeres oval, covered with pubescences ventrally.
Thorax: subnitidous black, sparsely dusted with brownish pruinosity, sometimes polished and pruinosity absent on prescutum and most of scutal lobe; postpronotum yellowish or brownish. Wing (Fig.
Abdomen: subnitidous dark brown to black, sparsely covered with brownish pruinosity.
Male terminalia
(Fig.
Female. Body length 7.0–11.7 mm, wing length 6.2–10.2 mm. Generally resembling male.
Ovipositor: dark brown; yellow on cercus, hypogynial valve, and distal 1/4–1/3 of tergite 10; cercus 1.5 times as long as tergite 10.
The specific epithet is from the Latin longus/longi (long) + penis (penis) and refers to the long aedeagus of this species compared to the other Japanese species of the genus. The name is an adjective in nominative singular.
Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu islands) (Fig.
This species is similar to U. polytricha Alexander, 1930 but is differentiated from it by the following characters: wing with stigma distinctly dark, fork of Rs to crossvein r-m weakly darkened (Fig.
Ulomorpha nigricolor
Holotype
♂. Japan, Honshu, Lake Ozenuma, on boundary between Iwashiro-no-kuni and Kotsuke-no-kuni (between Fukuoka and Gunma); altitude 5460 feet; 36°55.62'N, 139°18.23'E (rough coordinate); 26 Jul. 1923; T. Esaki leg. (
Non-types. Japan: [Honshu] • 1♀; Aomori, Nishimeya-mura; alt. 275 m; 40°31.39'N, 140°13.93'E; 23. Jun. 2012; D. Kato leg. (
Body blackish. Vertex sparsely pruinose, anterior part largely polished. Flagellomeres oval on basal 2–4 segments; ventral sides with pubescences on basal 2–6 segments. Prescutum polished, with narrow longitudinal line of pruinosity at middle. Wing brownish tinged, with oval, dark-brown stigma and dark spot or seam each on Rs origin, anterior part of cord, crossvein m-cu, and outer end of cell d; dark spot at tip of A2 sometimes present. Halter yellowish. Interbase with outer lobe as long as medial lobe in dorsal view; medial lobe medial to base of outer lobe about 3.5 times as long as wide. Aedeagus with rod-shaped distal part, twice as long as wide and weakly curved ventrally.
Male. Body length 5.5–10.1 mm, wing length 5.3–10.0 mm.
Head: subnitidous black, sparsely dusted with gray pruinosity; vertex with brighter gray pruinosity at anterior end; anterior part of vertex largely shiny except anterior end. Rostrum and mouthparts dark brown. Antenna with scape and pedicel dark brown; flagellum dusky yellow to dark brown; basal 2–4 flagellomeres oval; basal 2–6 segments covered with pubescences ventrally.
Thorax: subnitidous black, sparsely dusted with brownish pruinosity; polished and pruinosity absent on prescutum and most of scutal lobe; postpronotum sometimes yellowish; prescutum with narrow longitudinal line of pruinosity at middle in whole length, sometimes anterior part of this line indistinct. Wing (Fig.
Abdomen: subnitidous dark brown to black, sparsely covered with brownish pruinosity.
Male terminalia
(Fig.
Female. Body length 6.3–9.6 mm, wing length 5.4–8.2 mm. Generally resembling male.
Ovipositor
(Fig.
Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu islands) (Fig.
This species is easily distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: thorax and abdomen excluding legs dark brown to black; wing with distinct dark areas each at origin of Rs, on fork of Rs to crossvein r-m, and outer end of cell d (Fig.
Ulomorpha polytricha
Holotype. ♂, Japan, Nansei Islands, Yaku-shima I., Kosugidani; altitude 2,500 feet; 30°20.84'N, 130°35.25'E (rough coordinate); 29 Apr. 1929; S. Issiki leg. (
Non-types. Japan: [Nansei Islands] Yakushima I.: • 17♂, 1♀; near Shirataniunsui-kyô Valley; alt. 600 m; 30°23.04'N, 130°34.37'E; 25 Apr. 2019; D. Kato leg. (
Body blackish. Vertex sparsely pruinose. Basal 2–3 flagellomeres oval, with pubescence ventrally. Prescutum sparsely pruinose. Wing brownish tinged, unpatterned except indistinctly darker stigma. Halter yellow. Interbase with outer lobe shorter than medial lobe in dorsal view, medial lobe medial to base of outer lobe more than twice as long as wide. Aedeagus with rod-shaped distal part, about 2.2 times as long as wide and almost straight.
Male. Body length 5.7–8.0 mm, wing length 6.0–8.1 mm.
Head: subnitidous black, sparsely dusted with gray pruinosity; vertex with brighter gray pruinosity at anterior end. Rostrum and mouthparts dark brown. Antenna brown; scape and pedicel sometimes slightly darker; basal 2–3 flagellomeres oval, ventrally with pubescence (Fig.
Thorax: subnitidous dark brown to black, sparsely dusted with brownish pruinosity; postpronotum yellowish or brownish. Wing (Fig.
Abdomen: subnitidous dark brown to black, sparsely covered with brownish pruinosity.
Male terminalia
(Fig.
Female. Body length 7.2–7.6 mm, wing length 6.7–7.1 mm. Generally resembling male.
Ovipositor: dark brown; yellow on cercus, hypogynial valve, and distal 1/4 of tergite 10; cercus twice as long as tergite 10.
Japan (Nansei Islands: Yakushima Island) (Fig.
This species is similar to U. amamiana sp. nov. See the key to the Japanese species above for differentiation and diagnostic characters.
We are grateful to Dr Jon Gelhaus (Academy of Natural Science of Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA) for helping D. Kato examine specimens in