Research Article |
Corresponding author: Shuqiang Li ( lisq@ioz.ac.cn ) Academic editor: Yuri Marusik
© 2020 Yanfeng Tong, Shuqiang Li.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Tong Y, Li S (2020) A new genus and two new species of oonopid spiders from Myanmar (Araneae, Oonopidae). ZooKeys 931: 21-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.931.49638
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A new genus, Promolotra gen. nov., including two new species, P. hponkanrazi sp. nov. (♂♀) and P. shankhaung sp. nov. (♂), is described from Myanmar. The new genus is similar to Molotra Ubick & Griswold, 2011 but can be distinguished by the completely fused bulb and cymbium, the presence of a receptacle, the absence of grooves connecting either the anterior or posterior pairs of spiracles, and the incised labium of both sexes.
Goblin spiders, new genus, new species, Southeast Asia, taxonomy
Oonopidae is a diverse spider family with 1846 extant described species in 113 genera (
The specimens were examined using a Leica M205C stereomicroscope. Details were studied under an Olympus BX51 compound microscope. Photos were made with a Canon EOS 550D zoom digital camera (18 megapixels) mounted on an Olympus BX51 compound microscope. Vulvae were cleared in lactic acid. Scanning electron microscope images (SEM) were taken under high vacuum with a Hitachi TM3030 after critical point drying and gold-palladium coating. All measurements were taken using an Olympus BX51 compound microscope and are in millimeters. The type material is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (
The following abbreviations are used in the text and figures: ALE = anterior lateral eyes; ap = apodeme; bls = brush-like structures; dl = dorsal lobe; hss = horseshoe-shaped sclerite; ldi = labium deep incision; pl = posterior lobe; PLE = posterior lateral eyes; PME = posterior median eyes; pr = posterior receptaculum; tls = tube-like structure; tsc = T-shaped sclerite; vl = ventral lobe.
Promolotra shankhaung sp. nov.
The generic name refers to the similarities of this genus and Molotra and is feminine in gender.
Promolotra gen. nov. resembles Molotra Ubick & Griswold, 2011 (
Male. Body yellow-brown, legs yellow. Carapace (Figs
Female. As in male except as noted. Abdomen (Fig.
P. hponkanrazi sp. nov. (♂♀) and P. shankhaung sp. nov. (♂).
Myanmar (Kachin State).
Holotype
♂ (
The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.
The new species is similar to P. hponkanrazi sp. nov. (known from male only), but can be distinguished by the dark proximal part of the tibiae (Fig.
Promolotra shankhaung sp. nov., male left palp, SEM A, B prolateral and retrolateral views C, D, G cymbiobulbus, prolateral, retrolateral, and dorsal views E, F, H distal part of cymbiobulbus, prolateral, retrolateral, and dorsal views. Abbreviations: bls = brush-like structures; dl = dorsal lobe; pl = posterior lobe; vl = ventral lobe.
Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig.
Palp (Figs
Female. Habitus as in Fig.
Copulatory organ. Ventral view (Figs
Known only from the type locality.
Promolotra shankhaung sp. nov. A–F male G, H female, SEM A, C left chelicera, anterior and lateral views B, D left chelicera, anterior and posterior magnified views (arrow shows the large denticle) E labium and endites, ventral view F endite, ventral view G, H copulatory organ, ventral view. Abbreviation: ldi = labium deep incision.
Promolotra shankhaung sp. nov. A–G female H–K male A–C habitus, dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D prosoma, anterior view E abdomen, ventral view F, G copulatory organ, ventral and dorsal views H–K left legs I–IV, prolateral view. Abbreviations: ap = apodeme; hss = horseshoe-shaped sclerite; pr = posterior receptaculum; tls = tube-like structure; tsc = T-shaped sclerite. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–C, E, H–K); 0.2 mm (D); 0.1 mm (F, G).
Holotype
♂ (
The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.
The new species is similar to P. shankhaung sp. nov. but can be distinguished by the uniformly colored tibiae (Figs
Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig.
Palp (Figs
Female. Unknown.
Known only from the type locality.
Promolotra hponkanrazi sp. nov., male left palp, SEM A, B prolateral and retrolateral views C, G cymbiobulbus, prolateral and dorsal views D, E, H distal part of cymbiobulbus, retrolateral, prolateral, and dorsal views F distal part of cymbiobulbus, apical view. Abbreviations: bls = brush-like structures; dl = dorsal lobe; pl = posterior lobe; vl = ventral lobe.
Promolotra hponkanrazi sp. nov., male A–F SEM A, C left chelicera, anterior and lateral views B, D left chelicera, anterior and posterior magnified views (arrows show the large denticle) E labium and endites, ventral view F endite, ventral view G–J right legs I–IV, prolateral view. Abbreviation: ldi = labium deep incision. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (G–J).
The manuscript benefitted greatly from comments by Yuri Marusik, Francesco Ballarin, and an anonymous referee. Sarah Crews kindly checked the English. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC-31750002, 31972867) and the Program for Liaoning Innovation Talents in University to Yanfeng Tong, by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC-31530067) and the Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2015CASEABRI005, Y4ZK111B01) to Shuqiang Li.