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Research Article
Peruvian oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) from the German Biological Expedition, with description of a new species of the genus Pergalumna
expand article infoSergey G. Ermilov‡, Darius J. Gwiazdowicz§
‡ Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
§ 2Poznan University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60–625 Poznań, Poland, Poznan, Poland

Corresponding author: Sergey Ermilov ( ermilovacari@yandex.ru )

Academic editor: Vladimir Pesic
© 2015 Sergey Ermilov, Darius J. Gwiazdowicz.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Ermilov SG, Gwiazdowicz DJ (2015) Peruvian oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) from the German Biological Expedition, with description of a new species of the genus Pergalumna. ZooKeys 487: 87-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.487.9335
ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:26E68499-B519-4121-8069-AAB627491609
Open Access

Abstract

The present study is based on oribatid mite material (Acari, Oribatida) collected during the German Expedition in 2011 in Peru. An annotated checklist of identified oribatid mites, including 16 species from 14 genera and 8 families, is provided. Thirteen species and two genera (Notohermannia, Zetomimus) are recorded for the first time in Peru; the genus Notohermannia and species Notohermannia obtusa are recorded for the first time in the Neotropical region. A new species of the genus Pergalumna (Galumnidae), P. paraboliviana sp. n., is described. The new species is most similar to Pergalumna boliviana Ermilov, 2013 from Bolivia, however, it differs from the latter by the body size, morphology of porose areas A1 and the presence of interlamellar setae.

Keywords

Oribatid mites, fauna, checklist, new record, new species, Pergalumna , Peru

Introduction

Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Peru are poorly known (see Hammer 1961; Balogh 1962a, b, 1986; Beck 1962a, b; Balogh and Balogh 1985; Woas 1986; Starý 1992; Wunderle 1992; Niedbała 1982, 2004; Franklin et al. 2006; Schatz 2006).

Our investigation is based on Peruvian material collected during a one-month German Expedition organized by Bavarian State Collection of Zoology in September (second half) and October (first half) 2011. The primary goal of the paper is to present the checklist of the identified species with new records for Peru as well as for the Neotropical region.

In the course of taxonomic identification, we found one new species of the genus Pergalumna (Galumnidae). The secondary goal of this paper is to describe and illustrate this species. Pergalumna is a large genus that was proposed by Grandjean (1936) with Oribata nervosa Berlese, 1914 as type species. Currently, it comprises more than 130 species having a cosmopolitan distribution collectively (Subías 2004, updated 2014). The generic characters of the genus are summarized by Ermilov et al. (2013a), and an identification key to known species from the Neotropical region was presented by Ermilov et al. (2014a).

Materials and methods

Samples were collected from six localities in Peru, Panguana, basin of the Río Yuyapichis (9°36'49.32"S, 74°56'8.16"W) by D.J. Gwiazdowicz:

  • Locality 6, rotting wood, 26.09.2011;

  • Locality 12, forest litter, 29.09.2011;

  • Locality 16, forest litter, 29.09.2011;

  • Locality 28, rotting wood, 3.10.2011;

  • Locality 29, forest litter, 5.10.2011;

  • Locality 44, forest litter, 8.10.2011.

Specimens were mounted in lactic acid on temporary cavity slides for measurement and illustration. The body length was measured in lateral view, from the tip of the rostrum to the posterior edge of the ventral plate. The notogastral width refers to the maximum width in dorsal aspect. Lengths of body setae were measured in lateral aspect. All body measurements are presented in micrometers. Formulas for leg setation are given in parentheses according to the sequence trochanter–femur–genu–tibia–tarsus (famulus included). Formulas for leg solenidia are given in square brackets according to the sequence genu–tibia–tarsus. Microscope figures were made with a drawing tube using a Carl Zeiss transmission light microscope “Axioskop-2 Plus”. General terminology used in this paper follows that of Grandjean (summarized by Norton and Behan-Pelletier 2009).

Checklist1

This annotated checklist includes the specific localities where oribatid mites were collected, and notes new records and overall known distribution2.

Hypochthoniidae

– Eohypochthonius becki Balogh & Mahunka, 1979. Locality: 29 (7 spec.). Distribution: Neotropical region. First record for Peru.

Nanhermanniidae

– Cyrthermannia guadeloupensis Mahunka, 1985. Locality: 29 (1 spec.). Distribution: Neotropical region. First record for Peru.

– Notohermannia obtusa Balogh, 1985. Locality: 29 (10 spec.). Distribution: Australia. First record of genus for Peru and the Neotropical region.

Oppiidae

– Brachioppia cuscensis Hammer, 1961. Locality: 29 (1 spec.). Distribution: Neotropical region, India and Japan.

– Gittella variabilis Ermilov, Sandmann, Marian & Maraun, 2013. Locality: 44 (2 spec.). Distribution: Ecuador. First record for Peru.

– Ramusella (Insculptoppia) merimna (Balogh & Mahunka, 1977). Locality: 29 (1 spec.). Distribution: Neotropical region. First record for Peru.

Rhynchoribatidae

– Rhynchoribates spathulatus Balogh & Mahunka, 1969. Locality: 28 (1 spec.). Distribution: Neotropical region. First record for Peru.

Ceratozetidae

– Zetomimus naias Behan-Pelletier, 1998. Locality: 16 (3 spec.). Distribution: Neotropical region. First record of genus for Peru.

Haplozetidae

– Protoribates paracapucinus (Mahunka, 1988). Localities: 12 (5 spec.), 16 (19 spec.). Distribution: Ethiopian, Neotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. First record for Peru.

– Trachyoribates (Rostrozetes) ovulum Berlese, 1908 sensu Beck (1965) as Rostrozetes foveolatus Sellnick, 1925. Localities: 16 (3 spec.), 29 (24 spec.). Distribution: Cosmopolitan.

Scheloribatidae

– Scheloribates (Scheloribates) praeincisus acuticlava (Pérez-Íñigo & Baggio, 1986). Locality: 28 (1 spec.). Distribution: Neotropical region. First record for Peru.

Galumnidae

– Carinogalumna clericata (Berlese, 1914). Locality: 28 (1 spec.). Distribution: Neotropical region. First record for Peru.

– Galumna (Galumna) cf. flabellifera Hammer, 1958. Localities: 6 (1 spec.), 16 (44 spec.), 29 (229 spec.), 44 (4 spec.). Distribution: pantropics and subtropics. First record for Peru.

– Pergalumna bifissurata Hammer, 1972. Localities: 28 (2 spec.), 29 (1 spec.). Distribution: Polynesia and Neotropical region. First record for Peru.

– Pergalumna decoratissima Pérez-Íñigo & Baggio, 1986. Locality: 44 (4 spec.). Distribution: Neotropical region. First record for Peru.

– Pergalumna paraboliviana sp. n. Localities: 28 (3 spec.), 44 (2 spec.). Distribution: Peru.

In the course of the taxonomic studies of materials, we identified 16 species belonging to 14 genera and 8 families. Of these, 13 species and two genera, Notohermannia Balogh, 1985 and Zetomimus Hull, 1916, are recorded for the first time in Peru; genus Notohermannia and species Notohermannia obtusa are recorded for the first time in the Neotropical region.

Taxonomy

Pergalumna paraboliviana sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/EEBE0D21-510C-470E-B1E6-73D18F387BEC
Figs 1, 2, 3–5

Diagnosis

Body size: 531–697 × 365–448. Body surface punctate and with striate bands. Rostrum pointed. Rostral, lamellar and interlamellar setae well developed, barbed. Bothridial setae setiform, ciliate unilaterally. Lamellar and sublamellar lines parallel, curving backwards. Anterior notogastral margin not present. Notogaster with three pairs of porose areas: Aa and A3 oval, A1 slightly triangular, longitudinally elongated. Median pore absent. Adanal setae ad3 inserted laterally or antero-laterally to lyrifissures iad. Postanal porose area oval.

Description

Measurements. Body length: 614 (holotype, male), 531–614 (three paratypes: all males) to 697 (paratype: one female); notogaster width: 365 (holotype), 398 (three paratypes: all males) to 448 (paratype: one female).

Integument. Body color light brown to brown. Body surface punctate. Ventral part of pteromorphs with slightly developed reticulate pattern in one paratype. Prodorsum with one transverse and two longitudinal striate bands (s): transverse band located anterior to insertions of interlamellar setae; longitudinal bands parallel, each located from the transverse band medially to insertions of lamellar setae. Posterior part of notogaster with two parallel, longitudinal striate bands located medially to notogastral alveoli h1. Between these longitudinal bands, two arcuate bands present, which fused medially by the transverse band. Ventral body side with one pair of diagonal striate bands nearly of pedotecta I (Pd I), one transverse striate band located anteriorly to genital plates, two lateral, transversal striate bands located between genital and anal plates, and one arcuate striate band located posteriorly to anal plates, extending marginally into the ano-adanal region. All striate bands well visible only in light colored or dissected specimens.

Prodorsum. Rostrum pointed (see in dorso-lateral and frontal views). Rostral (ro, 57–61 in males to 82 in female), lamellar (le, 49–57 in males to 69 in female) and interlamellar (in, 110–118 in males to 127 in female) setae simple, barbed; lamellar setae thinnest, interlamellar setae thickest. Bothridial setae (ss, 159–172 in males to 205 in female) setiform, densely ciliate unilaterally. Exobothridial setae absent. Lamellar and sublamellar lines distinct, parallel, curving backwards. Insertions of lamellar setae distanced from lamellar lines. Porose areas Ad absent.

Notogaster. Anterior notogastral margin not developed. Dorsophragmata of medium size, longitudinally elongated. Notogastral setae represented by 10 pairs of alveoli. Three pairs of porose areas with distinct margins: Aa (20–24 × 14–16) and A3 (12–16 × 8–12) oval, A1 (36–45 × 8–20) slightly triangular, longitudinally elongated. Porose areas Aa located between notogastral alveoli la and lm. Median pore absent. All lyrifissures distinct; im located latero-anteriorly to A1. Opisthonotal gland openings (gla) located laterally to A1.

Gnathosoma. Morphology of subcapitulum, palps and chelicerae typical for Pergalumna (see Engelbrecht 1972; Ermilov et al. 2011, 2014b, c). Subcapitulum longer than wide (127–131 × 114–118). Subcapitular setae simple, slightly barbed; a (32) longer than m (16–20) and h (20). Two pairs of adoral setae (or1, or2, 12) setiform, hook-like distally, barbed. Palps (77–82) with setation 0–2–1–3–9(+ω). Solenidion attached to eupathidium, both located on dorsal tubercle. Chelicerae (143–147 to 196 in female) with two setiform, barbed setae; cha (65–69) longer than chb (45–49). Trägårdh’s organ distinct.

Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions. Apodemes 1, 2, sejugal and 3 well visible. Four pairs of setiform, smooth epimeral setae observed; setal formula: 1–0–1–2. Setae 3b (12) longer than 1a, 4a and 4b (6–8). Pedotecta II (Pd II) scale-like in lateral view, slightly triangular, rounded distally in ventral view. Discidia (dis) narrowly triangular. Circumpedal carinae (cp) distinct, directed to setae 3b.

Anogenital region. Six pairs of genital (g1, g2, 8–10; g3–g6, 6–8), one pair of aggenital (ag, 6–8), two pairs of anal (an1, an2, 10–12) and three pairs of adanal (ad1–ad3, 12–16) setae thin, smooth. Anterior parts of genital plates with two setae. Adanal setae ad3 inserted laterally or antero-laterally to lyrifissures iad. Postanal porose area oval (16–20 × 6–10).

Legs. Morphology of leg segments, setae and solenidia typical for Pergalumna (see Engelbrecht 1972; Ermilov et al. 2010, 2011, 2014c). Formulas of leg setation and solenidia: I (1–4–3–4–20) [1–2–2], II (1–4–3–4–15) [1–1–2], III (1–2–1–3–15) [1–1–0], IV (1–2–2–3–12) [0–1–0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in Table 1. Solenidion φ on tibiae IV inserted in the middle of dorsal parts.

Figure 1. 

Pergalumna paraboliviana sp. n.: dorsal view. Scale bar 100 μm.

Figure 2. 

Pergalumna paraboliviana sp. n.: ventral view (legs not illustrated). Scale bar 100 μm.

Figures 3–5. 

Pergalumna paraboliviana sp. n.: 3 rostrum, dorso-frontal view 4 dorso-lateral view of prodorsum, pteromorph and anterior part of notogaster (gnathosoma and legs not illustrated) 5 posterior view. Scale bar 100 μm.

Table 1.
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Leg setation and solenidia of Pergalumna paraboliviana sp. n.

Leg Trochanter Femur Genu Tibia Tarsus
I v’ d, (l), bv’’ (l), v’, σ (l), (v), φ1, φ2 (ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), v’, (pl), l’’, ɛ, ω1, ω2
II v’ d, (l), bv’’ (l), v’, σ (l), (v), φ (ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), ω1, ω2
III v’ d, ev’ l’, σ l’, (v), φ (ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)
IV v’ d, ev’ d, l’ l’, (v), φ ft’’, (tc), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)

Roman letters refer to normal setae (ɛ to famulus), Greek letters to solenidia. Single prime (‘) marks setae on anterior and double prime (“) setae on posterior side of the given leg segment. Parentheses refer to a pair of setae.

Type deposition

The holotype is deposited in the collection of the Senckenberg Institution Frankfurt, Germany; three paratypes are deposited in the collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia; one pratype is deposited in the collection of the Natural History Museum, Lima, Peru.

Etymology

The prefix para is Latin meaning “near” and refers to similarity between the new species and Pergalumna boliviana Ermilov, 2013.

Remarks

In having the setiform bothridial setae, pointed rostrum, indeveloped anterior notogastral margin, three pairs of porose areas and striate bands on body, Pergalumna paraboliviana sp. n. is most similar to P. boliviana Ermilov, 2013 from Bolivia (see Ermilov and Niedbała 2013). However, it differs from the latter by the larger body size (531–697 × 365–448 versus 415–464 × 282–332 in P. boliviana), elongated, slightly triangular notogastral porose areas A1 (versus rounded in P. boliviana) and the presence of interlamellar setae (versus represented by alveoli in P. boliviana).

Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to Prof. Dr. Badamdorj Bayartogtokh (National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia) for the valuable comments, Dr. Juliane Diller and Erich Diller (Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Germany) for permission to work in the Panguana Research Station in Peru and for providing logistic support. The reported study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project: 15-04-02706 A).

11

Ptyctimous mites are not included in the checklist.
22

See Subías (2004, updated 2014).

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