Research Article |
Corresponding author: Mei-Ying Lin ( linmeiying2021@126.com ) Corresponding author: Si-Qin Ge ( gesq@ioz.ac.cn ) Academic editor: Francesco Vitali
© 2020 Mei-Ying Lin, Si-Qin Ge.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Lin M-Y, Ge S-Q (2020) Aurivillius’s “Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia” (1886–1927), the correct years and page numbers. ZooKeys 911: 113-137. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.911.48684
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Aurivillius’s work entitled “Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia” was published in parts over a period of over four decades. There were two page numbers on most pages of these publications, one ordered by Aurivillius, the other by the journal. Historically, different authors have used different page numbers, and sometimes different years for these publications, which has caused chaos in the citations. Herein, accurate dates of publications for this work, and correct page numbers that should be used are provided and discussed.
Correction, misunderstanding, publication date, reference, years of submission, Zoological Record
Christopher Aurivillius (1853–
We accessed literature in three ways for this study: a) downloaded pdf files from the Biodiversity Heritage Library: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; b) copied the original pages directly from library holdings (the first author visited the libraries of the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China; Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France; Division of Plant Industry, Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), Washington DC, USA, etc.); c) solicited help from colleagues (especially G. Tavakilian and S. Lingafelter).
In researching the dates of publication for this work, we consulted five points of reference: a) date printed on first and last pages; b) date shown by the Zoological Record; c) date used by Aurivillius’s catalogues; d) date used by literature citing related references; e) date printed on original wrapper.
We examined most of the literature citing Aurivillius’s “Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia” published in the journal “Arkiv för zoologi”, and gathered the results herein.
a) Citation using the journal’s page numbers:
b) Citation using both Aurivillius’s and the journal’s page numbers, but considering journal numbers as more important:
c) Citations using both Aurivillius’s and the journal’s page numbers, but considering Aurivillius’s numbers as more important:
d) Citations using Aurivillius’s page numbers:
e) Random citation method: Sometimes using the journal’s page numbers and sometimes using Aurivillius’s page numbers in the same paper:
The errors occurred in the date (see Table
a) Errors regarding the separate plates. There were two kinds of figures in this work, text-figures were inside the content and provided with continuous numbers (see Table
Bibliographic details of the series “Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia” by Aurivillius (1886–1927). AFZ: Arkiv för zoologi; ET: Entomologisk Tidskrift; ICZN: International Code for Zoological Nomenclature.
Publishing year | Title | Journal name | Volume: page numbers by the journal | Page numbers arranged by Aurivillius | Species numbers | Text-figure numbers (inside content) | End-plates (separated from content) | Date of submission (on first page) | Released / printed date (on last page) | Came out date (for the volume normally) |
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1886 | Nya Coleoptera Longicornia | ET | 7(2): 89–94. | none (1–6 concluded herein) |
1–5 | none | none | 12 July 1886 | ||
1887 | Nya Coleoptera Longicornia. II. | ET | 8(4): 191–197. | none (7–14 concluded herein) |
6–10 | figs 1–3. | none | 31 Dec. 1887 | ||
1891 | Neue Coleoptera Longicornia. III | ET | 12 (2): 97–106. | 15–24 | 11–20 | figs 1–6. | none | 18 June 1891 | ||
Aurivillius began to arrange continuous page numbers for this series as a whole from the third part in 1891. There were 14 pages for the previous two parts titled “Nya Coleoptera Longicornia”, so the third part started on page 15. Though the third part did not use the exact same title, the meaning of the titles were the same. | ||||||||||
1893 | Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 4. | ET | 14(3): 177–186. | 25–34 | 21–30 | figs 1–12. | none | 25 May 1893 | ||
Aurivillius fixed the title as “Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia” from part 4 in 1893, then kept it to the end. In this table, parts 5 to 23 did not repeat the title but only marked the part numbers. Species number 21 was related to one new genus whose type species was not described by Aurivillius. Later, genera were not numbered again. |
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1897 | 5. | ET | 18(4): 241–248. | 35–42 | 31–41 | none | Pl. 3: figs 1–8. | 19 Jan. 1898 | ||
According to |
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1899 | 6. | ET | 20(4): 259–265. | 51–57 | 42–52 | figs 13–17. | none | 23 Jan. 1900 | ||
For Aurivillius’s own page numbers, the fifth part ended with page 42, while the sixth part began with page 51. That was because Aurivillius gave one page for each figure, therefore eight figures took the pages 43 to 50. The figures inside the sixth part continued the numbers from the fourth part, while the figures in fifth part arranged as a separate plate were not numbered continuously. “Utgifvet den 23 januari 1900” (= issued/published on January 23rd 1900) (printed low on the back side of the original wrapper) should be the official publication date (personal communication with Mikael Sörensson on 10 December 2019). Also the website https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43633#page/584/mode/1up indicated the publication date as 23 Jan. 1900. We chose 1899 based on the Zoological Record and |
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1902 | 7. | ET | 23: 207–224. | 59–76 (printed as:1, 2, 61–76) |
53–75 | figs 18–26. | none | 2 Sept. 1902 | ||
Aurivillius’s page number did not have page 58. That was because every new part began with odd numbers. Therefore, when the previous part ended with odd numbers (parts 6, 9, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22), one even number would be taken by an empty page (page numbers 58, 228, 264, 334, 404, 480, 502) or by a separated plate (page numbers 132, 360, 548). | ||||||||||
1903 | 8. | AFZ | 1: 313–328. | Not printed (but should be 77–92 in conclusion) | 76–96 | figs 27–34. | none | 14 Oct. 1903 | 27 Nov. 1903 | 21 Jan. 1904 |
Aurivillius chose the journal AFZ since the eighth part and did not change it again. In this first printing in the AFZ journal, the journal did not include Aurivillius’s own page numbers. But from the ninth part, the AFZ printed both the journal’s page number on top and Aurivillius’ own page number at bottom. The date of publication of the eighth part is confusing. The printing date on the last page is “Tryckt den 27 november 1903”, so it should be 1903. However, |
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1907 | 9. | AFZ | 3(18): 1–39. | 93–131 | 97–155 | figs 35–41. | pl. 1: figs 1–9. | 12 Sept. 1906 | 7 Feb. 1907 | 24 Sept. 1907 |
The correct publication date of the ninth part is surely 1907, and most of authors cited it correctly ( |
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1908 | 10. | AFZ | 4(17): 1–9. | 133–141 | 156–167 | figs 42–47 | none | 11 Mar. 1908 | 1 May 1908 | 30 Sept. 1908 |
1910 | 11. | AFZ | 7(3): 1–44. | 143–186 | 168–223 | fig. 48 | none | 1 June 1910 | 24 Sept. 1910 | 25 Jan. 1911 |
The publication date of the 11th part is confusing. The correct year should be 1910, since on the last page it was printed “Tryckt den 24 september 1910”, Aurivillius himself cited it as 1910 ( However, some authors used 1911 because the whole seventh volume was published on January 25, 1911 ( |
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1911 | 12. | AFZ | 7(19): 1–41. | 187–227 | 224–291 | figs 49–57 | none | 7 June 1911 | 8 Dec. 1911 | 23 Dec. 1911 |
1913 | 13. | AFZ | 8(22): 1–35. | 229–263 | 292–351 | figs 58–68 | none | 4 June 1913 | 17 Oct. 1913 | 31 Dec. 1913 |
1914a | 14. | AFZ | 8(29): 1–54. | 265–318 | 352–453 | none | pl. 1: figs 1–9 | 25 Feb. 1914 | 9 May 1914 | 22 May 1914 |
Aurivillius’s own page numbers did not state numbers for separate plates, though when the text ended with odd numbers the even numbers could be considered as numbers for the separate plates. There was not page number for the separate plate of the 14th part, since the text ended with an even number 54 (=318) and the 15th part began with 1 (=319). | ||||||||||
1914b | 15. | AFZ | 9(8): 1–15. | 319–333 | 454–483 | none | none | 9 Sept. 1914 | 4 Nov. 1914 | 15 May 1915 |
The publication date of the 15th part is confusing. According to ICZN 21.2 and 21.8, the correct date should be 1914, since on the last page it was printed “Tryckt den 4 november 1914”, Aurivillius himself cited it as 1914 ( |
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1916 | 16. | AFZ | 10(19): 1–25. | 335–359 | 484–523 | figs 69–72 | pl. 1: figs 1–9 | 7 June 1916 | 12 Aug. 1916 | 28 Nov. 1916 |
The page 26 (=360) is unnecessary to be included, though it doesn’t matter so much if it is included. On the page 26 (=360), there was no content written by Aurivillius, but only “Tryckt den 12 augusti 1916. / Uppsala 1916. Almqvist & Wiksells Boktryckeri-A.-B. / -360-” Also, there was an ending mark on the page 25 (=359). In a similar situation that happened to the 12th part, 42 (= 228) normally was not included. |
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1920 | 17. | AFZ | 13(9): 1–43. | 361–403 | 523–595 | figs 73–81 | none | 10 Mar. 1920 | 6 Sept. 1920 | 11 Oct. 1920 |
The species number 523 was used twice. It was used for “523. Hilarolea humeralis” in the 16th part, and again as “523. Ophistomis splendida” in the 17th part. The publication date of this part is surely 1920 and few errors were made. |
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1922 | 18. | AFZ | 14(18): 1–32. | 405–436 | 596–639 | figs 82–112 | none | 7 Dec. 1921 | 4 April 1922 | 26 July 1922 |
The publishing year of the 18th part is surely 1922. However, some authors used the submission date 1921 (e.g., Makihara, 1999), or even 1920 for unknown reasons (e.g. |
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1923 | 19. | AFZ | 15(25): 1–43. | 437–479 | 640–711 | figs 113–133 | none | 6 June 1923 | 31 Dec. 1923 | Jan. 1924 |
The date of publication of the 19th part is one of the most confusing cases, since different people used different years and for different reasons. The correct year should be 1923. Many authors used 1923 because of the “Tryckt den 31 december 1923”on the last page ( However, since Zoological Record cited 1924 for this work, so do the Titan database ( For unknown reasons, 1925 was used by |
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1925a | 20. | AFZ | 17A(12): 1–21. | 481–501 | 712–753 | figs 134–140 | none | 4 June 1924 | 17 Feb. 1925 | |
The publication date of the 20th part is 1925, however, some authors wrongly used the submission year 1924 from the first page (e.g., |
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1925b | 21. | AFZ | 18A(9): 1–22. | 503–524 | 754–795 | figs 141–163 | none | 3 June 1925 | 17 Nov. 1925 | 1926 |
The publication date of the 21st part is also one of the most confusing cases. We consider 1925 as the correct year for two reasons: a) “Tryckt den 17 november 1925” was printed on the last page, which is the correct year according to ICZN items 21.2 and 21.8; b) Titan database and the following literature used 1925 ( However, both Zoological Record and the Palaearctic catalogue ( |
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1927a | 22 | AFZ | 19A(17): 1–23. | 525–547 | 796–844 | figs 164–177 | pl. 1: figs 1–6 | 1 June 1927 | 20 Sept. 1927 | 3 Nov. 1927 |
1927b | 23 | AFZ | 19A(23): 1–41. | 549–589 | 845–919 | figs 178–202 | 14 Sept. 1927 | 21 Dec. 1927 | 25 Jan. 1928 | |
The publication date of the 23rd part is also one of the most confusing cases. We consider 1927 as the correct year for two reasons: a) “Tryckt den 21 december 1927” was printed on the last page, which is the correct date according to ICZN items 21.2 and 21.8; b) Titan database also used 1927. The following literature used 1927 ( However, both Zoological Record and the Palaearctic catalogue ( |
b) Errors regarding part numbers. Sometimes authors cited the title without the part numbers (
c) Errors regarding first and last page numbers. Sometimes the first page number was missing (
d) Errors regarding about journal volume numbers. Sometimes the volume numbers of the journal were wrongly cited. For example,
e) Other errors. Some authors cited the figure numbers as page numbers (
The dates of publication of this series of work contain several confusing cases; the detailed information is shown in Table
When we talk about “distribute reprints in advance” in Aurivillius’s cases, the authors mean distribute the reprints after the printing date (“tryckt den XX YY 19ZZ”) but before the distribute date of the publisher (either printed on the wrapper, normally for the whole volume, or date applied subsequently by the Zoological Record).
For parts 8 to 23 of Aurivillius’s works, the reasons that the journal page numbers should be used include: 1) the works were first officially published in the journal; 2) the large book titled “Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia” does not exist; 3) Aurivillius himself used the journal page numbers instead of his own page numbers (
1) the page number was printed on the upper left corner (of even pages) or the upper right corner (of odd pages), which was the style of the journal “Arkiv för zoologi” (
1) it was the choice of the Titan database (
From Fig.
We hope that the Titan database will correct the information and use the journal’s page numbers after reading this paper, and authors in the future will cite the related references in correct way.
Based on the above analyses, we suggest that in the future authors cite the work of Aurivillius as follows: the journal page number must be included, Aurivillius’s page numbers might be included inside square brackets [] or not included, the internal figure numbers (text-figures) can be included or not, while the supplemental information for the end-plates must be included.
Aurivillius, C. (1886) Nya Coleoptera Longicornia. Entomologisk Tidskrift 7(2): 89–94.
Aurivillius, C. (1887) Nya Coleoptera Longicornia. II. Entomologisk Tidskrift 8(4): 191–197. figs 1–3.
Aurivillius, C. (1891) Neue Coleoptera Longicornia. III. Entomologisk Tidskrift 12(2): 97–106 [=pp. 15–24], figs 1–6.
Aurivillius, C. (1893) Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 4. Entomologisk Tidskrift 14 (3): 177–186 [=pp. 25–34], figs 1–12.
Aurivillius, C. (1897) Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 5. Entomologisk Tidskrift 18 (4): 241–248 [=pp. 35–42], pl. 3: figs 1–8.
Aurivillius, C. (1899) Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 6. Entomologisk Tidskrift 20 (4): 259–265 [=pp. 51–57], figs 13–17.
Aurivillius, C. (1902) Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 7. Entomologisk Tidskrift 23: 207–224 [=pp. 59–76], figs 18–26.
Aurivillius, C. (1903) Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 8. Arkiv för zoologi 1: 313–328, figs 27–34.
Aurivillius, C. (1907) Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 9. Arkiv för zoologi 3(18): 1–39 [=pp. 93–131], pl. 1: figs 1–9; figs 35–41.
Aurivillius, C. (1908) Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 10. Arkiv för zoologi 4(17): 1–9 [=pp. 133–141], figs 42–47.
Aurivillius, C. (1910) Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 11. Arkiv för zoologi 7(3): 1–44 [=pp. 143–186], fig. 48.
Aurivillius, C. (1911) Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 12. Arkiv för zoologi 7(19): 1–41 [=pp. 187–227], figs 49–57.
Aurivillius, C. (1913) Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 13. Arkiv för zoologi 8(22): 1–35 [=pp 229–263], figs 58–68.
Aurivillius, C. (1914a) Neue oder wening bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 14. Arkiv för zoologi. Uppsala 8(29): 1–54 [=pp. 265–318], pl. 1: figs 1–9.
Aurivillius, C. (1914b) Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 15. Arkiv för zoologi 9(8): 1–15 [=pp. 319–333].
Aurivillius, C. (1916) Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 16. Arkiv för zoologi 10(19): 1–25 [=pp. 335–359], pl. 1: figs 1–9; figs 69–72.
Aurivillius, C. (1920) Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 17. Arkiv för zoologi 13(9): 1–43 [=pp. 361–403], figs 73–81.
Aurivillius, C. (1922) Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 18. Arkiv för zoologi 14(18): 1–32 [=pp. 405–436], figs 82–112.
Aurivillius, C. (1923) Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 19. Arkiv för zoologi 15(25): 1–43 [=pp. 437–479], figs 113–133.
Aurivillius, C. (1925a) Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 20. Arkiv för zoologi 17A(12):1–21 [=pp. 481–501], figs 134–140.
Aurivillius, C. (1925b) Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 21. Arkiv för zoologi 18A(9):1–22 [=pp. 503–524], figs 141–163.
Aurivillius, C. (1927a) Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 22. Arkiv för zoologi 19A(17): 1–23 [=pp. 525–547], pl. 1: figs 1–6; figs 164–177.
Aurivillius, C (1927b) Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia. 23. Arkiv för zoologi 19A(23): 1–41 [=pp. 549–589], figs 178–202.
We thank Steven W. Lingafelter and Norman Woodley (Hereford, Arizona, USA), Ivan Löbl (Genève, Switzerland), Mikael Sörensson (Lund University, Sweden), Roberto Poggi (Genoa, Italy), Gérard L. Tavakilian (Paris, France), Larry Bezark (California, USA), Carolus Holzschuh (Villach, Austria) and Daniel Heffern (Texas, USA) for reviewing the original draft of this paper, the editor of Zookeys, Francesco Vitali (Luxembourg, Luxembourg) and the copy editor of Zookeys, Christopher Glasby, for their comments that improved this paper. The first author is especially grateful to Norman Woodley (Hereford, Arizona, USA) and Mikael Sörensson (Lund University, Sweden) for offering very helpful detail information based on their research. Some parts of discussions between the first author and the reviewers and some evidences from “Web of Science” are attached as Appendix S1. Suppl. material
Discussions and evidences
Data type: personal communications / figures.